| efficacy of piper (piperaceae) extracts for control of common home and garden insect pests. | extracts from three species of the plant family piperaceae, piper nigrum [l.], piper guineense [schum & thonn, and piper tuberculatum [jacq.], were tested for efficacy against insects from five orders. all three species contain isobutyl amides, plant secondary compounds that act as neurotoxins in insects. these materials are considered safe to mammals because piper spp. were used for centuries for spice and medicinal purposes. when 24-h p. nigrum lc50 values were compared between common insect p ... | 2004 | 15384353 |
| predation by podisus maculiventris (say) (hemiptera: pentatomidae) on viburnum leaf beetle, pyrrhalta viburni (paykull) (coleoptera: chrysomelidae), under laboratory and field conditions. | to evaluate the potential of podisus maculiventris (say) (heteroptera: pentatomidae) as a biological control agent against viburnum leaf beetle, pyrrhalta viburni (paykull) (coleoptera: chrysomelidae), laboratory trials were conducted to measure prey consumption of p. maculiventris over nymphal development. field trials tested the impact of augmentative releases of p. maculiventris nymphs on populations of p. viburni, using both open shrubs and caged branches of viburnum trilobum. in the laborat ... | 2008 | 19036203 |
| do plant defenses predict damage by an invasive herbivore? a comparative study of the viburnum leaf beetle. | the impact of plant defenses on insect herbivores is widely accepted, but their relative effects on oviposition choice, survival, and larval growth in preventing pest damage, especially for invasive insects, is not fully understood. here, we examined the potential for plant defenses to reduce the economic and environmental impacts of an invasive herbivore, the viburnum leaf beetle, vlb (pyrrhalta viburni), on viburnum species in north america. we used a common garden with 15 host viburnum specie ... | 2014 | 24988774 |
| protective devices of early developmental stages in pyrrhalta viburni (coleoptera, chrysomelidae). | larvae and eggs of the leaf beetle pyrrhalta viburni were investigated for protective devices against predators. the eggs are covered with faeces, which appeared to have no feeding deterrent activity against the ant myrmica sabuleti. chemical analyses of the material covering the eggs by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms) showed the triterpenes α-amyrin and β-amyrin as main components. both compounds are also present in the hostplant viburnum lantana. gc-ms analyses of eggs and larvae ... | 1992 | 28311814 |
| ovipositional biology of viburnum leaf beetle, pyrrhalta viburni (coleoptera: chrysomelidae). | pyrrhalta viburni paykull, a new landscape pest in the united states, feeds in both the larval and adult stages on foliage of plants in the genus viburnum. we measured lifetime oviposition capacity of mated and unmated females reared in the laboratory versus field-collected females, as well as ovipositional response to physical characteristics of the host plant. both mated and unmated females produced eggs, but at different rates. field-collected females and mated females reared in the laborator ... | 2008 | 18419925 |
| evolutionary history predicts plant defense against an invasive pest. | it has long been hypothesized that invasive pests may be facilitated by the evolutionary naïveté of their new hosts, but this prediction has never been examined in a phylogenetic framework. to address the hypothesis, we have been studying the invasive viburnum leaf beetle (pyrrhalta viburni), which is decimating north american native species of viburnum, a clade of worldwide importance as understory shrubs and ornamentals. in a phylogenetic field experiment using 16 species of viburnum, we show ... | 2011 | 21482779 |
| plant defense elicitors fail to protect viburnum dentatum from herbivory by viburnum leaf beetle (coleoptera: chrysomelidae). | pyrrhalta viburni (paykull) (coleoptera: chrysomelidae), a new landscape pest in the united states, feeds in both the larval and adult stages on foliage of plants in the genus viburnum. a field trial was conducted from 2004 to 2006 to examine the impact of several elicitors of plant defense on ability of arrowwood viburnum (viburnum dentatum l.) to resist attack by p. viburni in both larval and adult stages. the treatments included jasmonic acid (ja), harpin, and paclobutrazol. for comparison, i ... | 2008 | 18767761 |
| switched after birth: performance of the viburnum leaf beetle [pyrrhalta viburni (paykull)] after transfer to a suboptimal host plant. | host plant switching is common among phytophagous insects. once optimal food sources have been depleted, immature insects may resort to use of suboptimal hosts in order to complete their development. such host switching may have dramatic consequences for insect fitness. here we investigate the effects of host switching in larvae of the viburnum leaf beetle, pyrrhalta viburni, an invasive landscape pest in north america. specifically, we examine how transfer of 3rd instar larvae from the optimal ... | 2014 | 26462941 |
| oviposition strategy as a means of local adaptation to plant defence in native and invasive populations of the viburnum leaf beetle. | herbivores have been hypothesized to adapt locally to variation in plant defences and such adaptation could facilitate novel associations in the context of biological invasions. here, we show that in the native range of the viburnum leaf beetle (vlb, pyrrhalta viburni), two populations of geographically isolated hosts-viburnum opulus and viburnum tinus-have divergent defences against vlb oviposition: negative versus positive density-dependent egg-crushing wound responses, respectively. populatio ... | 2012 | 21849322 |
| pupation by viburnum leaf beetle (coleoptera: chrysomelidae): behavioral description and impact of environmental variables and entomopathogenic nematodes. | pyrrhalta viburni (paykull), a new landscape pest in the united states, feeds in both the larval and adult stages on foliage of plants in the genus viburnum. the insect is univoltine, with larvae active in spring and adults throughout the summer months. experiments were conducted to determine the depth of pupation in the soil; the impact of substrate texture, moisture content, and temperature on pupation success; and ability of entomopathogenic nematodes to kill larvae when they enter the substr ... | 2008 | 18801247 |