| [change in the production of key cytokines for regulation eosinophilic granulocytes in opisthorchis felineus invasion]. | opisthorchis invasion is accompanied by the imbalanced lymphocytic subpopulational composition manifested itself as induction of the b-link and, on the contrary, depression of t-lymphocytic populations (cd4+, cd8+), with their weaker helper-suppressor association. the immunocompetent cells were ascertained to show a higher production of th2 cytokines that had an eosinophil-stumulating effect. | 2008 | 18354920 |
| [the frequency of some infections in patients with coronary artery disease]. | the paper is dedicated to associations between infective agents and coronary artery disease (cad). the study design included examination of a random sample of non-organized population (389 adults aged 25 to 64 years). using immune-enzyme assay, igm and igg antibodies to seven infective and parasite agents (chlamydia trachomatis, mycoplasma hominis, ureaplasma urealyticum, trichomonas vaginalis, candida albicans, opisthorchis felineus, and giardia lamblia), as well as the level of ige were measur ... | 2008 | 18368789 |
| molecular characterization and differentiation of opisthorchiid trematodes of the species opisthorchis felineus (rivolta, 1884) and metorchis bilis (braun, 1790) using polymerase chain reaction. | adult specimens of the opisthorchiid liver fluke species opisthorchis felineus and metorchis bilis could be identified for the first time by molecular biological methods using species specific primers (of and mb primers) in the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the of or mb primers were based on a part of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase i gene. a specific product of approximately 200 bp could be amplified for o. felineus by means of the specific o. felineus primers. by contrast, the amplif ... | 2003 | 12748848 |
| [prevention and treatment of opisthorchiasis of the liver]. | rare cases of lethal outcomes after surgical operations on the liver were analyzed which were caused by invasion of helminth opisthorchis felineus. it was shown that prolonged and massive invasion, in the absence of specific treatment, can result in failure of the compensatory potencies of the liver. it occurs mainly due to activation of the pathogenic flora in the bile tree against the background of the intraductal hypertension characteristic of opisthorchiasis. destructive purulent cholangitis ... | 2003 | 12942620 |
| the snail host of opisthorchis felineus. | | 1960 | 13818490 |
| assessment of the genetic distinctions of opisthorchis felineus from o. viverrini and clonorchis sinensis by its2 and co1 sequences. | | 2008 | 18853775 |
| [survival of opisthorchis felineus eggs (rivolta, 1884) in various environmental conditions]. | | 1962 | 13887931 |
| [differentiation of the eggs of opisthorchis felineus (rivolta, 1884) and metorchis bilis (braun, 1890) by their morphometric signs]. | | 2006 | 16813244 |
| [role of gastropods in epidemiology of human parasitic diseases]. | pulmonate and prosobranch snails, being necessary hosts for parthenogenetic generations of digenetic trematodes, participate in transmission of all trematodoses important from medical point of view. role of particular gastropods in epidemiology of these diseases is discussed in details. invasion of land snails and slugs is mainly passive by eggs containing developed miracidia, while enter of these larvae into snails inhabiting fresh-water environments is usually active. generations in the snail ... | 2001 | 16888946 |
| detection of clonorchis sinensis in stool samples using real-time pcr. | human clonorchiasis, caused by infection with the trematode clonorchis sinensis, is a common health problem in east asia. in an attempt to develop a new, sensitive method for the diagnosis of the disease, the use of a real-time pcr (targeting the internal-transcribed-spacer-2 sequence of the parasite) to detect c. sinensis-specific dna in faecal samples has recently been evaluated. the pcr-based assay, which included an internal control to detect any inhibition of the amplification by faecal con ... | 2009 | 19695156 |
| [genetic diagnostic technique for opisthorchiasis]. | objective: to develop a test system for polymerase chain reaction (pcr) diagnosis of opisthorchis felineus in human feces. based on the internet databases, the authors have developed oligonucleotide primers, as well as taqman tests (fluorescence label probes) specific to o. felineus genome to perform pcr with the real-time detection of a result. conditions for pcr, including temperatures, the number of components of amplification, etc., were selected. test systems on fecal samples from 254 subje ... | 2009 | 19718823 |
| pcr diagnosis of infections with different species of opisthorchiidae using a rapid clean-up procedure for stool samples and specific primers. | infections with the opisthorchiid liver flukes clonorchis sinensis, opisthorchis viverrini, and opisthorchis felineus cause serious health problems in endemic areas of southeast asia and countries of the former soviet union. chronic infections--even with low worm burdens--may lead to the development of fatal cholangiocarcinoma and related symptoms. a more sensitive diagnosis is needed since the tiny eggs of the worms are often not seen in microscopic examinations of stool samples, especially in ... | 2007 | 17061114 |
| [infection rates of mollusks and fishes with the larval stages of trematoda of the family opisthorchidae in the yaroslavl region]. | the paper presents the results of a study of the infection rates of mollusks of the family bythiniidae (bithynia tentaculata, opisthorchophorus troscheli) and fishes with the larval stages of opisthorchidae in different districts of the yaroslavl region. a total of 3,708 mollusks from the water reservoirs of different types (small rivers, lakes, ponds, and canals) were examined in the nekouzsky, yaroslavsky, and pereslavsky districts of the yaroslavl region in 1989 to 1999. opisthorchis cercaria ... | 2006 | 17290907 |
| parasitic infestations of the biliary tract. | parasitic infestations of the biliary tract are a common cause of biliary obstruction in tropical countries and can lead to such serious complications as cholangitis and cholangiocarcinoma. endoscopic therapy has helped in the management of biliary complications caused by these parasites. ascaris lumbricoides organisms, which normally reside in the jejunum, are actively motile and can invade the papilla, thus migrating into the bile duct and causing biliary obstruction. endoscopic retrograde cho ... | 2007 | 17418062 |
| [liver fluke infection and sarcoptic mange in red foxes in berlin]. | 396 red foxes originating from the city of berlin were examined for opisthorchiid liver flukes and clinical sarcoptic mange between january 1997 and march 1998. out of 232 (= 58.6%) foxes positive for opisthorchiid flukes 221 animals harboured metorchis bilis and 70 were infected with opisthorchis felineus. pseudamphistomum truncatum was found only in 8 foxes. m. bilis occurred as mono-infection in 154 animals. m. bilis in combination with o. felineus was found in 61 cases. pure opisthorchis inf ... | 2001 | 11413713 |
| [opisthorchis felineus (rivolta, 1884) and metorchis bilis (braun, 1890) infections in population of some regions of the ob river basin]. | the incidence of opisthorchis felineus (rivolta, 1884) and metorchis bilis (braun, 1890) infections among people living in several regions of the ob river basin in the west siberia has been assesed in this work. our results suggest that metorchis bilis infection was common in many of the serologically tested people. moreover, this helminth was obtained from the biliary ducts of humans in autopsy. | 2007 | 17460938 |
| [influence of environmental factors on the infection rates of fishes and shellfishes by trematodes of the opisthorchidae family in the krotovaya lyaga lake]. | the relationship of the annual trends in the infection of crucians (carassius carassius) (l.) with opisthorchis felineus metacercariae, in that of verkhovkas (leucasplius delineatus) (hackel), and in that of lake minnows (phoxinus percnurus) (l.) with o. felineus and metorchis billis to the environmental factors under natural fluctuations of the level of water and under the man-made effects on the water regime of the reservoir was studied. when the level of water naturally changes, the infection ... | 2006 | 16562750 |
| parasitic diseases of the biliary tract. | objective: parasites residing in the biliary tree include clonorchis sinensis, opisthorchis viverrini, opisthorchis felineus, and fasciola hepatica. they are willowy, leaf-like, flat flukes dwelling in the bile ducts and gallbladder. human ascarides, ascaris lumbricoides, dwelling in the small intestine, inadvertently migrate into the bile ducts and cause biliary obstruction. the purpose of this article is to illustrate typical imaging findings of liver fluke infection and biliary ascariasis. co ... | 2007 | 17515382 |
| a pilot screening of prevalence of atopic states and opisthorchosis and their relationship in people of tomsk oblast. | the study was aimed to estimate the relationship between the prevalence of allergic disease and helminth invasion by the trematode opisthorchis felineus in rural and urban populations of tomsk oblast (west siberia, russia). two hundred and one people from kargasok village of tomsk oblast and 196 from the city of tomsk were screened for the presence of atopy and o. felineus invasion. opisthorchosis was found in 66 participants (32.8%) from kargasok and in 22 people (11.2%) from tomsk. atopic dise ... | 2007 | 17549516 |
| [nondrug treatment for opisthorchiasis]. | in vitro experimental studies of the antiopisthorchiasis properties of currently available non-drug treatment are ofgreat practical value. the studies demonstrated that the herbal drug ecorsol and the background resonance radiation of the opisthorchis spectrum exerted an anti-helminthic effect that was evaluated by the marital death and amounted to 83.6 to 96.4%. the experimental studies provided evidence that the background radiation, by using the electromagnetic spectrum of opisthorchis, had a ... | 2007 | 17657956 |
| liver flukes in dogs and treatment with praziquantel. | opisthorchiid eggs were found in 6 out of 27 (22%) huskies while an elisa detected antibodies against opisthorchis felineus and metorchis bilis in 24 (89%) and 25 (93%) sera taken from these dogs, respectively. all dogs showed an increased activity of glutamate dehydrogenase while aspartate aminotransferase was normal in all samples. ten weeks after treatment with praziquantel no fluke eggs were found in the faeces from any animal and antibody titres dropped in all animals. | 2007 | 17981396 |
| molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis of nuclear rdna sequences among three opisthorchid liver fluke species (opisthorchiidae: trematoda). | in this study, we describe the development of a fast and accurate molecular identification system for human-associated liver fluke species (opisthorchis viverrini, opisthorchis felineus, and clonorchis sinensis) using the pcr-rflp analysis of the 18s-its1-5.8s nuclear ribosomal dna region. based on sequence variation in the target rdna region, we selected three species-specific restriction enzymes within the its1 regions, generating different restriction profiles among the species: muni for o. v ... | 2008 | 18276183 |
| biliary parasites: diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. | parasitic infections of the biliary tract are a common cause of biliary obstruction in endemic areas. this article focuses on primary biliary parasites: ascaris lumbricoides, clonorchis sinensis, opisthorchis viverrini, opisthorchis felineus, dicrocoelium dendriticum, fasciola hepatica, and fasciola gigantica. tropical and subtropical countries have the highest incidence and prevalence of these infections. diagnosis is made primarily through direct microscopic examination of eggs in the stool, d ... | 2008 | 18321435 |
| the pattern of serotonin and fmrfamide in cercaria from different taxonomic groups--a preliminary study. | serotoninergic and fmrfamidergic components of the nervous system were examined in cercaria from different types using immunocytochemical techniques interfaced with confocal scanning laser microscopy. cercariae from 9 families were studied - opisthorchis felineus, parafasciolopsis fasciolaemorpha, echinochasmus coaxatus, echinoparyphium aconiatum, notocotylus attenuatus, psilotrema tuberculata, plagiorchis sp., cyathocotyle bithyniae, diplostomum chromatophorum. the results show that 5-ht-ir and ... | 2008 | 18652395 |
| [Complicated forms of superinvasion opisthorchiasis: pathogenetic aspects]. | Superinvasion opisthorchiasis is characterized by host growth retardation and weight reduction, which are due to the cleptoeffect of Opisthorchis felineus; metabolic disturbances, proliferative processes, accelerated collagen biosynthesis and biodegradation in the organs reflect parasite-host interactions as components of the system. The productive reactions of visceral pathology are initiated by the parasite's metabolites located in the liver, lung, heart, and testes. | 2011 | 21932542 |
| a sero-epidemiological survey on the occurrence of opisthorchiid liver flukes in red foxes ( vulpes vulpes) in berlin, germany. | serum samples collected from red foxes in the city of berlin between 1996 and 1999 were analysed for the presence of antibodies against opisthorchis felineus and metorchis bilis using an indirect elisa. out of 1,000 specimens, 30.6% and 46.5% reacted positively with specific o. felineus and m. bilis antigens, respectively. seroprevalence in adult foxes was always higher than in juveniles. while no significant differences were observed in adult foxes throughout the period, in juvenile specimens s ... | 2003 | 12743797 |
| epidemiology and control prospects of foodborne parasitic zoonoses in the european union. | in the 27 member states of the european union, zoonotic parasites transmitted by food are circulating with different prevalence according to the country, the environmental conditions, the human behaviour, and the socio-economic level. foodborne parasites can be divided in two main groups according to the way of transmission to humans. these foodborne parasites reach the human beings through the consumption of raw infected food such as muscle tissues of different animal species (toxoplasma gondii ... | 2008 | 18693552 |
| [some data on the chemical composition of opisthorchis felineus, rivolta, 1884)]. | | 1964 | 14321584 |
| [on the method of determination of the infectivity of fish with metacercaria of opisthorchis felineus (rivolta, 1884)]. | | 1960 | 14446426 |
| taxonomy and biology of liver flukes. | opisthorchis viverrini is a human liver fluke endemic in thailand, lao pdr and cambodia. three subspecies of bithynia siamensis and 18 species of cyprinoid fish are susceptible first and second intermediate hosts, respectively. the differentiation between the adult worm of o. viverrini and that of the closely related species, opisthorchis felineus and clonorchis sinensis, is mainly based on the shape and position of the testes and the arrangement of the vitellaria. eggs of these flukes are morph ... | 2003 | 14611872 |
| a case of opisthorchis felineus infestation in a pilot from greece. | we describe the case of a 28-year-old man from greece with opistorchis felineus infestation. the patient presented with intense abdominal pain, bilious emesis and eosinophilia. he probably acquired the infection overseas, since he was a commercial airline pilot who used to fly to endemic areas and to consume raw or undercooked fish. he was successfully treated with praziquantel administered in divided doses over a single day. opisthorchiasis is common to eastern europe and areas of the former so ... | 2003 | 14735389 |
| [experimental grounds of a new concept of opisthorchis felineus infection formation in a definitive host]. | in the course of experiments in was found out that golden hamsters having the bilious duct operationally blocked display receptivity to the infection with the non-excysted opisthorchis felineus metacercariae passed to the stomach. excysted metacercariae injected to the system of the portal vein settle down in the bilious pathways of the liver and develop there up to the adult stage. in vitro, the metacercariae survive in the blood serum of the intact golden hamsters during one day. based on the ... | 2005 | 16033228 |
| food-borne trematodiases. | an estimated 750 million people are at risk of infections with food-borne trematodes, which comprise liver flukes (clonorchis sinensis, fasciola gigantica, fasciola hepatica, opisthorchis felineus, and opisthorchis viverrini), lung flukes (paragonimus spp.), and intestinal flukes (e.g., echinostoma spp., fasciolopsis buski, and the heterophyids). food-borne trematodiases pose a significant public health and economic problem, yet these diseases are often neglected. in this review, we summarize th ... | 2009 | 19597009 |
| a novel nuclear marker, pm-int9, for phylogenetic studies of opisthorchis felineus, opisthorchis viverrini, and clonorchis sinensis (opisthorchiidae, trematoda). | opisthorchis felineus, o. viverrini, and clonorchis sinensis, the trematodes of the family opisthorchiidae, are important human parasites. two previous studies (kang et al. parasitol int 57:191-197, 2008; katokhin et al. dokl biochem biophys 421:214-217, 2008) have provided evidence using ribosomal and mitochondrial sequences that o. viverrini, o. felineus, and c. sinensis are closely related. we developed a novel nuclear marker, pm-int9, which included the ninth intron of the paramyosin gene an ... | 2009 | 19777262 |
| the complete mitochondrial genomes of the liver flukes opisthorchis felineus and clonorchis sinensis (trematoda). | the complete mitochondrial genomes of the parasitic trematodes opisthorchis felineus and clonorchis sinensis (family opisthorchiidae) were fully sequenced in order to develop markers for dna diagnostics of the liver flukes infection, molecular ecology, population and phylogenetic studies. the complete sequences of mitochondrial genomes of these species comprise 14,277 and 13,875bp, respectively, and are thus the shortest trematode mitochondrial genomes sequenced to date. the gene content and arr ... | 2010 | 19906359 |
| [dna diagnosis of mixed invasions of opisthorchis felineus and metorchis bilis by polymerase chain reaction]. | opisthorchiasis is one of the significant naturofocal diseases in russia. the diagnosis of opisthorchiasis may mask some diseases, such as opisthorchiasis, metorchiasis, and clonorchiasis - biohelminthoses that are induced by various representatives of the family opisthorchiidae-opisthorchis felineus/o.viverrini, metorchis bilis, and clonorchis sinensis, respectively. coproovoscopy and serologic methods fail to accurately define the species-specific affiliation; in this connection the identifica ... | 2010 | 20614520 |
| opisthorchiidosis - a review. | the discovery history of opisthorchiid flukes dates back more than 200 years. the life cycle of these liver flukes includes prosobranch snails as the first and a big variety of freshwater fish as the second intermediate hosts. opisthorchis felineus, o. viverrini and clonorchis sinensis are species of major medical importance, while sporadic cases of human infection with other representatives of this family are also documented in the literature. there are estimations that 17 million people are in ... | 2010 | 20701569 |
| the digenea parasite opisthorchis felineus: a target for the discovery and development of novel drugs. | opisthorchosis is a helminthiasis affecting mainly the hepatobiliary system and pancreas; its most dramatic complication is malignization of the organs infected by the parasites. the causative agents of opisthorchosis are two species of liver flukes, the trematodes belonging to the family opisthorchiidae--opisthorchis felineus and o. viverrini. the chinese liver fluke, clonorchis sinensis, also member of the family opisthorchiidae, causes clonorchosis, a disease very close in symptomatology. acc ... | 2010 | 20701571 |
| identification and characterization of micrornas in clonorchis sinensis of human health significance. | clonorchis sinensis is a zoonotic parasite causing clonorchiasis-associated human disease such as biliary calculi, cholecystitis, liver cirrhosis, and it is currently classified as carcinogenic to humans for cholangiocarcinoma. micrornas (mirnas) are non-coding, regulating small rna molecules which are essential for the complex life cycles of parasites and are involved in parasitic infections. to identify and characterize mirnas expressed in adult c. sinensis residing chronically in the biliary ... | 2010 | 20920166 |
| investigation on opisthorchis felineus occurrence and life cycle in italy. | opisthorchiasis is a fish borne parasitic infection caused by helminths of the genus opisthorchis (digenea, opisthorchiidae), affecting humans and other fish-eating mammals. despite opisthorchis felineus was first described in italy in 1884, no cases of human opisthorchiasis were reported in this country until 2004; from then on, 4 outbreaks due to this species have been recorded in central italy. following the more relevant of these outbreaks, involving 34 people in august 2007, snails, fishes ... | 2010 | 21168274 |
| liver flukes: the malady neglected. | liver fluke disease is a chronic parasitic inflammatory disease of the bile ducts. infection occurs through ingestion of fluke-infested, fresh-water raw fish. the most well-known species that cause human infection are clonorchis sinensis, opisthorchis viverrini and opisthorchis felineus. adult flukes settle in the small intrahepatic bile ducts and then they live there for 20-30 years. the long-lived flukes cause long-lasting chronic inflammation of the bile ducts and this produces epithelial hyp ... | 2011 | 21603286 |
| comparative cytogenetics of opisthorchid species (trematoda, opisthorchiidae). | in the present study karyotypes and chromosomes of five species of the family opisthorchiidae (opisthorchis felineus (rivolta, 1884), o. viverrini (poirier, 1886), metorchis xanthosomus (creplin, 1846), m. bilis (braun, 1893), and clonorchis sinensis (cobbold, 1875)) were compared. karyotypes of o. felineus, m. xanthosomus, m. bilis and c. sinensis consist of two pairs of large meta- and submetacentrics and five pairs of small chromosomes (2n=14). the karyotype of o. viverrini is 2n=12, which in ... | 2011 | 21798365 |
| distribution of repetitive dna sequences in chromosomes of five opisthorchid species (trematoda, opisthorchiidae). | genomes of opisthorchid species are characterized by small size, suggesting a reduced amount of repetitive dna in their genomes. distribution of repetitive dna sequences in the chromosomes of five species of the family opisthorchiidae (opisthorchis felineus 2n=14 (rivolta, 1884), opisthorchis viverrini 2n=12 (poirier, 1886), metorchis xanthosomus 2n=14 (creplin, 1846), metorchis bilis 2n=14 (braun, 1890), clonorchis sinensis 2n=14 (cobbold, 1875)) was studied with c- and agnor-banding, generatio ... | 2011 | 21791251 |
| telomeric dna in chromosomes of five opisthorchid species. | the analysis of telomere repeat distribution in chromosomes of five opisthorchid species (opisthorchis felineus (rivolta, 1884), opisthorchis viverrini (poirier, 1886), metorchis xanthosomus (creplin, 1846), metorchis bilis (braun, 1890), clonorchis sinensis (cobbold, 1875)) was performed with fluorescent in situ hybridization (fish) of labeled (ttaggg)n dna-probe and pna telomere probe on mitotic and meiotic chromosomes of these species. it was shown that chromosome telomeres of all studied spe ... | 2011 | 21708281 |
| opisthorchis felineus and metorchis bilis are the main agents of liver fluke infection of humans in russia. | liver fluke infections are gradually transforming from a local problem of individual geographic regions to a widespread problem. the observed expansion is likely to be connected with the ever-increasing intensity of traffic flow and migration of the infected carriers between cities, regions, and countries. opisthorchis felineus, the trematode belonging to the family opisthorchiidae, is a well known causative agent of the infection called opisthorchiasis. metorchis bilis, also a member of the fam ... | 2011 | 21840415 |
| development of a taqman based real-time pcr assay for detection of clonorchis sinensis dna in human stool samples and fishes. | clonorchiasis caused by the oriental liver fluke clonorchis sinensis is a fish-borne zoonosis endemic in a number of countries. this article describes the development of a taqman based real-time pcr assay for detection of c. sinensis dna in human feces and in fishes. primers targeting the first internal transcribed spacer (its-1) sequence of the fluke were highly specific for c. sinensis, as evidenced by the negative amplification of closely related trematodes in the test with the exception of o ... | 2011 | 21729765 |
| Comparative histopathology of Opisthorchis felineus and Opisthorchis viverrini in a hamster model: An implication of high pathogenicity of the European liver fluke. | European liver fluke (Opisthorchis felineus) and Asian liver fluke (Opisthorchis viverrini) are similar in morphology but comparative pathology of the infections has not been described. We therefore did comparative histopathology of both parasites in an experimental animal model. The study was conducted in 3 groups of 105 Syrian golden hamsters; the first and second groups fed with 50 metacercariae of O. felineus (OF) or O. viverrini (OV) and the last group was uninfected controls. Five hamsters ... | 2012 | 21854870 |
| a large outbreak of opisthorchis felineus in italy suggests that opisthorchiasis develops as a febrile eosinophilic syndrome with cholestasis rather than a hepatitis-like syndrome. | we describe the greatest italian human acute opisthorchiasis outbreak acquired from eating raw tenches. out of 52 people with suspected opisthorchiasis, 45 resulted in being infected. the most frequent symptoms and laboratory findings were fever, abdominal pain and eosinophilia. seven tri-phasic computed tomography (ct) scans were done, showing multiple hypodense nodules with hyper-enhancement in the arterial phase. all patients took one day of praziquantel 25 mg/kg tid without failures. reporte ... | 2011 | 21938537 |
| [strengthening the research on clonorchiasis in china]. | liver flukes mainly include clonorchis sinensis, opisthorchis viverrini, and opisthorchis felineus. the international congress of liver flukes was held in khon kaen, thailand, during 7-8th march, 2011. the congress assembled a wide array of studies and reflected the current status of research, control and prevention of liver flukes in the world. this paper summarizes basic information from the meeting. meanwhile, based on the research status and needs for control and prevention, priorities of re ... | 2011 | 21970113 |
| [metazoan parasites of fishes from the bug river]. | results if the ichthyoparasitological investigation of the bug river carried out in 1996-1999 are reported. twenty-nine metazoan parasite species from 7 classes were found in fishes from the studied area, with the total infestation rate 63.9%. thirteen of them parasitize fish at larval stages. metacercariae of opisthorchis felineus, which ate the agents of opisthorchosis in man and animals, were found in roach. | 2008 | 18825923 |
| human illnesses caused by opisthorchis felineus flukes, italy. | we report 2 outbreaks of opisthorchis felineus infection caused by the consumption of tench filets (tinca tinca) from a lake in italy. of the 22 infected persons, 10 (45.4%) were asymptomatic. when present, symptoms (fever, nausea, abdominal pain, and myalgias) were mild. eosinophilia occurred in all infected persons. | 2008 | 19046516 |
| [increased accumulation of some trace elements in peripheral blood and bile of patients infested with opisthorchis felineus (rivolta, 1884) and metorchis bilis (braun, 1890)]. | the invasion with opisthorchis felineus (rivolta, 1884) is known to be common in the ob river region, west siberia. these trematodes parasitize biliary tract of devinitive host (man or some species of animals). other opisthorchiid species occurring in west siberia, metorchis bilis (braun, 1890), has also been recorded recently as human parasite. life cycles of both these trematodes include fish-eating mammal hosts. eggs of o. felineus and m. bilis are very similar morphologically and can hardly ... | 2009 | 19505017 |
| cytochrome p450 in fluke opisthorchis felineus: identification and characterization. | infection with the human liver fluke opisthorchis felineus is a serious public health problem in russia and other eastern europe countries. the aim of this work was to identify and sequence cytochrome p450 mrna from o. felineus and to analyze its expression at different developmental stages. we found only one cytochrome p450 in o. felineus. it contains a conserved pfam00067 domain which was typical of the cyp450 ii eukaryotic microsomal type, and a putative transmembrane domain. additionally, we ... | 2011 | 22115821 |
| genetic variation among clonorchis sinensis isolates from different geographic regions in china revealed by sequence analyses of four mitochondrial genes. | the present study examined sequence variation in four mitochondrial (mt) genes, namely cytochrome c oxidase subunits 1 (cox1) and 2 (cox2), and nadh dehydrogenase subunits 1 and 2 (nad1 and nad2) among clonorchis sinensis isolates from different endemic regions in china, and their phylogenetic relationships with other zoonotic trematodes were reconstructed. a portion of the cox1 and cox2 genes (pcox1 and pcox2), and nad1 and nad2 genes (pnad1 and pnad2) were amplified separately from individual ... | 2011 | 22152452 |
| hemozoin is a product of heme detoxification in the gut of the most medically important species of the family opisthorchiidae. | many species of trematodes such as schistosoma spp., fasciola hepatica and echinostoma trivolvis are blood-feeding parasites. nevertheless, there is no consensus on the feeding habits of the family opisthorchiidae (opisthorchis felineus, opisthorchis viverrini and clonorchis sinensis). previously, histological studies of o. felineus and c. sinensis revealed some dark stained material in their gut lumen. in this study we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the gut contents of three members of t ... | 2016 | 26812025 |
| the complete mitochondrial genome of metorchis orientalis (trematoda: opisthorchiidae): comparison with other closely related species and phylogenetic implications. | metorchis orientalis (trematoda: opisthorchiidae) is an important trematode infecting many animals and humans, causing metorchiasis. in the present study, the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of m. orientalis was sequenced. the complete mt genome of m. orientalis is 13,834 bp circular dna molecule and contains 12 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer rna genes, and two ribosomal rna genes. the gene content and arrangement of m. orientalis is the same as those of opisthorchiidae trematodes (opistho ... | 2016 | 26805437 |
| the liver fluke opisthorchis felineus: biology, epidemiology and carcinogenic potential. | the liver fluke opisthorchis felineus is a member of the triad of epidemiologically important liver fluke species belonging to the family opisthorchiidae and the major agent causing opisthorchiasis over a vast territory, covering russia, kazakhstan and several european countries. the similarity between the diseases caused by o. felineus and other liver flukes, o. viverrini and clonorchis sinensis, in clinical manifestations and course suggests that the scenarios of their development and, possibl ... | 2016 | 26740360 |
| functional analysis of the unique cytochrome p450 of the liver fluke opisthorchis felineus. | the basic metabolic cytochrome p450 (cyp) system is essential for biotransformation of sterols and xenobiotics including drugs, for synthesis and degradation of signaling molecules in all living organisms. most eukaryotes including free-living flatworms have numerous paralogues of the cyp gene encoding heme monooxygenases with specific substrate range. notably, by contrast, the parasitic flatworms have only one cyp gene. the role of this enzyme in the physiology and biochemistry of helminths is ... | 2015 | 26625139 |
| liver fluke-infested graft used for living-donor liver transplantation: case report and review of the literature. | clonorchiasis is a cholangiopathy caused by foodborne trematode parasites, also known as liver flukes. clonorchiasis is endemic in a wide geographical area extending from eastern europe to southeast asia. infested hosts may remain asymptomatic for decades and consequently their liver can become available as a graft. to date, 20 liver transplantations with liver fluke-infested grafts have been reported in the literature. all of them occurred in asian countries. we, here, report the first case to ... | 2015 | 26437122 |
| whole transcriptome profiling of adult and infective stages of the trematode opisthorchis felineus. | opisthorchis felineus, the trematode belonging to the family opisthorchiidae, is a causative agent of the infection called opisthorchiasis or liver fluke infection. being a close relative of opisthorchis viverrini and clonorchis sinensis (oriental liver flukes) it is encountered in northern eurasia, especially in russia, kazakhstan, belarus, ukraine, and baltic countries. whole genome data for oriental liver flukes revealed their adaptations for life in the bile duct but our knowledge of o. feli ... | 2016 | 26363139 |
| identification of microrna genes in three opisthorchiids. | opisthorchis felineus, o. viverrini, and clonorchis sinensis (family opisthorchiidae) are parasitic flatworms that pose a serious threat to humans in some countries and cause opisthorchiasis/clonorchiasis. chronic disease may lead to a risk of carcinogenesis in the biliary ducts. micrornas (mirnas) are small noncoding rnas that control gene expression at post-transcriptional level and are implicated in the regulation of various cellular processes during the parasite- host interplay. however, to ... | 2015 | 25898350 |
| mitochondrial genome of hypoderaeum conoideum - comparison with selected trematodes. | hypoderaeum conoideum is a neglected but important trematode. the life cycle of this parasite is complex: snails serve as the first intermediate hosts: bivalves, fishes or tadpoles serve as the second intermediate hosts, and poultry (such as chickens and ducks) act as definitive hosts. in recent years, h. conoideum has caused significant economic losses to the poultry industry in some asian countries. despite its importance, little is known about the molecular ecology and population genetics of ... | 2015 | 25889473 |
| [the reagents kit to detect metyorchis biis, opisthorchis viverrini and clonorchis sinensis, opisthorchis felineus--agents of opisthorchiasis using technique of polymerase chain reaction in real-time]. | the helminths opisthorchis felineus, opisthorchis viverrini, clonorchis sinensis, metorchis bilis are the agents of opisthorchiasis. the actual diagnostic of parasitic diseases based on microscope analysis of samples of human feces to detect presence of ova of parasites suffers of many shortcomings, in particular low sensitivity especially at earlier stages. the purpose of this study was to compare results of detection of parasites using both classical technique and technique of specific differe ... | 2014 | 25552048 |
| specific diagnosis of opisthorchis viverrini using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) targeting parasite microsatellites. | opisthorchis viverrini and other food-borne trematode infections are major health problems in thailand, the lao people's democratic republic, vietnam and cambodia. differential diagnosis of o. viverrini based on the microscopic observation of parasite eggs is difficult in areas where clonorchis sinensis and minute intestinal flukes coexist. recently, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) has been widely used for detection and identification of trematode for its simple method that is usef ... | 2015 | 25268466 |
| the zoonotic, fish-borne liver flukes clonorchis sinensis, opisthorchis felineus and opisthorchis viverrini. | clonorchis sinensis, opisthorchis felineus and opisthorchis viverrini are the three most important liver flukes involved in human health, infecting more than 45 million people worldwide. both c. sinensis and o. viverrini, and possibly o. felineus, can induce human cholangiocarcinoma as well as inducing other hepatobiliary pathology. although the life cycles of all three species are similar, only that of o. felineus in europe remains predominantly zoonotic, while o. felineus in asia and c. sinens ... | 2013 | 23978669 |
| adult opisthorchis felineus major protein fractions deduced from transcripts: comparison with liver flukes opisthorchis viverrini and clonorchis sinensis. | the epidemiologically important liver flukes opisthorchis felineus, opisthorchis viverrini, and clonorchis sinensis are of interest to health professionals, epidemiologists, pharmacologists, and molecular biologists. recently the transcriptomes of the latter two species were intensively investigated. however our knowledge on molecular biology of o. felineus is scarce. we report the first results of the o. felineus transcriptome analysis. we isolated and annotated a total of 2560 expressed sequen ... | 2013 | 23891942 |
| trematode infections: liver and lung flukes. | food-borne trematodiases are an emerging public health problem in southeast asia and latin america and of growing importance for travel clinics in europe and north america. the disease is caused by chronic infections with liver, lung, and intestinal flukes. this article focuses on the most important liver and lung flukes that parasitize man, namely clonorchis sinensis, fasciola gigantica, fasciola hepatica, opisthorchis felineus, opisthorchis viverrini, and paragonimus spp. the article describes ... | 2012 | 22632646 |
| epidemiology of fishborne trematodiasis in kazakhstan. | fish borne trematodes are an important cause of morbidity in kazakhstan. the number of human cases of opisthorchiidosis (infection with parasites of the family opisthorchiidae) reached a peak of 2521 recorded cases (17 cases per 100,000) in 2002 with a gradual decline to 1225 cases (7.4 cases per 100,000) in 2011. most human cases are found in the north and north east part of kazakhstan in areas drained by the irtysh river and it tributaries. a further focus is found in the north west in the ura ... | 2014 | 24943190 |
| opisthorchiasis in western siberia: epidemiology and distribution in human, fish, snail, and animal populations. | opisthorchiasis is a widespread helminth infection in russia. the largest opisthorchiasis endemic focus in the world is the ob river watershed in western siberia. the main causative agent of this condition is the liver fluke, opisthorchis felineus. in addition, another liver fluke species in the opisthorchiidae family, metorchis bilis, causes a symptomatically similar disease, metorchiasis. despite a long research history going back to 1927, opisthorchiasis remains a serious problem in russia, a ... | 2016 | 27939972 |
| 3-aminopropylsilane-modified iron oxide nanoparticles for contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of liver lesions induced by opisthorchis felineus. | liver fluke causes severe liver damage in an infected human. however, the infection often remains neglected due to the lack of pathognomonic signs. nanoparticle-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (mri) offers a promising technique for detecting liver lesions induced by parasites. | 2017 | 27660439 |
| new insights into diagnosis of platynosomum fastosum (trematoda: dicrocoeliidae) in cats. | platynosomum fastosum is a hepatic trematode which causes the so-called lizard poisoning in cats. this parasite is reported in tropical and sub-tropical areas infecting the liver, gallbladder, and bile ducts of cats. despite its clinical importance, the diagnosis of p. fastosum has been poorly investigated so far. in this study, three cases of infection by p. fastosum in cats are reported. the flotac technique was utilized for the first time in the detection of eggs of this parasite. three cats ... | 2016 | 26437646 |
| development of an elisa using anti-idiotypic antibody for diagnosis of opisthorchiasis. | monoclonal antibody specific for an epitope of cretory-secretory antigen protein of opisthorchis felineus (rivolta, 1884) (trematoda: opisthorchiidae) with a molecular weight of 28 kda was used in a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for immobilisation of liver fluke specific antigen to the solid phase. examination of human sera by this elisa compared with commercial assays demonstrated that the monoclonal antibody epitope is located within this significant parasite protein. anti ... | 2016 | 27507639 |
| opisthorchis felineus infection and cholangiocarcinoma in the russian federation: a review of medical statistics. | opisthorchis felineus (o. felineus) occurs in western siberia and many other parts of the russian federation (rf). the true extent of its distribution is not known. chronic infection may lead to severe hepatobiliary morbidity. according to surgical and experimental reports, long-term infestation might significantly increase the risk for cholangiocarcinoma (cca). to date, no association between o. felineus infection and cca has been demonstrated. the objective of this study was to review existing ... | 2016 | 27474689 |
| combined effects of social stress and liver fluke infection in a mouse model. | the effects of two influences, social stress and acute opisthorchiasis, were investigated in inbred c57bl/6j male mice. in the model of social stress, mice were repeatedly attacked and defeated by aggressive outbred icr male mice and were in continuous sensory contact with an aggressive conspecific mouse in their home cage for 20 days. acute opisthorchiasis was provoked by invasion of opisthorchis felineus (50 larvae per animal) on the fourth day after the social stress was induced. simultaneous ... | 2016 | 26778779 |
| a review of the cat liver fluke platynosomum fastosum kossack, 1910 (trematoda: dicrocoeliidae). | platynosomum fastosum is a small hepatic trematode found in the biliary ducts and gall bladder of cats and other mammals. it is commonly found in tropical and subtropical regions. some aspect of the life cycle of this parasite is not fully understood, however terrestrial snails, lizards and isopods are implicated as intermediate/paratenic hosts. the disease caused by p. fastosum is platynosomiais (named after the parasite) or 'lizard poisoning' since it is assumed that affected cats acquire the ... | 2014 | 24412358 |
| [immunophenotypic characteristic of dendritic cells in bronchial asthma in conditions of extract opisthorchis felineus in vitro]. | this work shows comparative characteristics of immunogenic properties of the extract of opisthorchis felineus in different severity of asthma using antigen presenting dendritic cells in vitro. new data on the effect of opisthorchis felineus on the expression of surface markers of dendritic cells (cd209, hla-dr, cd83, cd86) were received. pronounced expression of cd209, cd86 and hla-dr on the surface of dendritic cells in mild and severe asthma compared with healthy individuals was shown. in the ... | 2013 | 24000670 |
| carbonyl stress phenomena during chronic infection with opisthorchis felineus. | infection with the fish borne liver fluke opisthorchis felineus is common in the eastern europe (ukraine, european part of russia), northern asia (siberia) and central asia (northern kazakhstan). better understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of the biliary tract and liver during chronic opisthorchiasis can be expected to improve protection against and management of complications of this disease. we hypothesize that infection with o. felineus associates with formation of methylglyoxal and ca ... | 2016 | 26773869 |
| biliary microbiota, gallstone disease and infection with opisthorchis felineus. | there is increasing interest in the microbiome of the hepatobiliary system. this study investigated the influence of infection with the fish-borne liver fluke, opisthorchis felineus on the biliary microbiome of residents of the tomsk region of western siberia. | 2016 | 27447938 |
| protozoan and helminth parasite fauna of free-living croatian wild wolves (canis lupus) analyzed by scat collection. | the european wolf (canis lupus) is a large carnivore species present in limited areas of europe with several small populations still being considered as endangered. wolves can be infected by a wide range of protozoan and metazoan parasites with some of them affecting free-living wolf health condition. on this account, an epidemiological survey was conducted to analyze the actual parasite fauna in croatian wild wolves. in total, 400 individual faecal samples were collected during field studies on ... | 2017 | 28043382 |
| chromosome morphometry in opisthorchiid species (platyhelminthes, trematoda). | few existing studies have dealt with cytogenetics in trematodes, largely due to the attendant technical difficulty of chromosome preparation. we performed a comparative analysis of chromosomes in five opistorchiid species, including opisthorchis felineus rivolta, 1884, opisthorchis viverrini poirier, 1886, clonorchis sinensis cobbold, 1875, metorchis xanthosomus creplin 1846, and metorchis bilis (braun, 1790) odening, 1962. for some of these species, no detailed morphometric description of their ... | 2016 | 27404484 |
| a physicochemical and pharmacological study of the newly synthesized complex of albendazole and the polysaccharide arabinogalactan from larch wood. | inclusion complexes of albendazole (abz) with the polysaccharide arabinogalactan from larch wood larix sibirica and larix gmelinii were synthesized using a solid-state mechanochemical technology. we investigated physicochemical properties of the synthesized complexes in the solid state and in aqueous solutions as well as their anthelmintic activity against trichinella spiralis, hymenolepis nаna, fasciola hepatica, opisthorchis felineus, and mixed nematodoses of sheep. formation of the complexes ... | 2015 | 25981412 |
| the first comprehensive study of praziquantel effects in vivo and in vitro on european liver fluke opisthorchis felineus (trematoda). | the european liver fluke opisthorchis felineus (rivolta, 1884) is an epidemiologically important parasite infecting mammals, including humans. opisthorchis felineus is widespread in russia, kazakhstan and eastern european countries. praziquantel (pzq) is the drug of choice for the treatment of opisthorchiasis, but the effects of this drug on o. felineus are poorly studied. the aims of this work were (i) to perform a study of pzq effects in vitro, (ii) to identify morphological markers of pzq act ... | 2015 | 25862308 |
| [secretome of the adult liver fluke opisthorchis felineus]. | the opisthorchiasis caused by opisthorchis felineus, the siberian liver fluke remains a serious public health problem in russia and eastern europe. proteomic identification of the proteins in the excretory-secretory products (esps) released by o. felineus is an important key for the investigation of host-parasite interactions and understanding the mechanisms involved in parasite survival within the host. in the esp of o. felineus we have identified 37 proteins using high-resolution proteomics ap ... | 2015 | 25693323 |
| opisthorchis felineus liver fluke invasion is an environmental factor modifying genetic risk of atopic bronchial asthma. | according to epidemiological observations, opisthorchis felineus liver fluke invasion is negatively associated with the development and severity of allergic diseases in endemic regions of russia. we hypothesized that the invasion is an important factor in gene-environmental interactions (gei) underlying allergy. to prove this, we tested 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms of immune response modifying genes in 428 individuals stratified by atopic bronchial asthma presence and o. felineus invasion. ... | 2014 | 25017311 |
| identification of thyroid hormone receptor homologs in the fluke opisthorchis felineus (platyhelminthes). | the liver fluke, opisthorchis felineus of the opisthorchiidae family, is a well-known causative agent of opisthorchiasis in russia and europe. the aim of this work was to identify genes encoding thyroid hormone receptors in o. felineus, and to analyze the expression of possible target genes in response to treatment with exogenous thyroid hormones. we identified two genes encoding thyroid hormone receptors in the o. felineus genome, thra and thrb. the genes were differentially expressed through t ... | 2014 | 24798031 |
| ultrastructure of spermatozoa in the seminal receptacle of the liver fluke opisthorchis felineus (rivolta, 1884). | the spermatozoon ultrastructure in the seminal receptacle of the liver fluke opisthorchis felineus (digenea, opisthorchiidae), the agent of human opisthorchiasis endemic to russia and eastern europe, was examined. the bean-shaped seminal receptacle of o. felineus has a wall consisting of epithelial and muscle layers. mature spermatozoa are located in the interior of the seminal receptacle, whereas vacuoles containing degenerating spermatozoa are detectable at the periphery. the mature spermatozo ... | 2014 | 24452915 |
| low genetic diversity in wide-spread eurasian liver fluke opisthorchis felineus suggests special demographic history of this trematode species. | opisthorchis felineus or siberian liver fluke is a trematode parasite (opisthorchiidae) that infects the hepato-biliary system of humans and other mammals. despite its public health significance, this wide-spread eurasian species is one of the most poorly studied human liver flukes and nothing is known about its population genetic structure and demographic history. in this paper, we attempt to fill this gap for the first time and to explore the genetic diversity in o. felineus populations from e ... | 2013 | 23634228 |
| opisthorchis felineus, an emerging infection in italy and its implication for the european union. | the liver fluke opisthorchis felineus is one of the few zoonotic trematodes that circulates in the european union (eu). it is transmitted from freshwater snails to fish and then to fish-eating mammals, including humans, in which it causes opisthorchiasis. in the 20th century, the majority of infections in humans have been reported in eastern europe (e.g., belarus, russia, and ukraine) and asia (siberia). in eu in the last fifty years, the parasite has been detected in humans of germany and greec ... | 2013 | 23337391 |
| [fever, malaise and eosinophilia after consumption of raw fish in italy: infection by a liver fluke (opisthorchis felineus)]. | infection by a liver fluke (trematode) is rare in western europe, but recently a few outbreaks caused by this parasite have been described after consumption of raw freshwater fish caught in italy. | 2012 | 22296896 |
| opisthorchis felineus negatively associates with skin test reactivity in russia-europrevall-international cooperation study. | most studies on the relationship between helminth infections and atopic disorders have been conducted in (sub)tropical developing countries where exposure to multiple parasites and lifestyle can confound the relationship. we aimed to study the relationship between infection with the fish-borne helminth opishorchis felineus and specific ige, skin prick testing, and atopic symptoms in western siberia, with lifestyle and hygiene standards of a developed country. | 2016 | 28032359 |
| development and validation of species-specific molecular diagnostic tool for opisthorchis felineus (digenea, opisthorchiidae) metacercariae. | opisthorchis felineus (family opisthorchiidae) is a parasitic flatworm representing a serious threat to humans in some countries. opisthorchiasis occurs after consumption of raw or undercooked cyprinid fish infected by the metacercarial stage of the parasite. due to its small size, detection of the parasite in fish fillet is time-consuming and difficult. furthermore, isolated metacercariae can be identified to genus but not to species level using morphological features and molecular techniques a ... | 2017 | 27914324 |
| specific features of progression of the parasitic invasion, caused by opisthorchis felineus, in golden hamsters. | the influence of opisthorchis felineus invasion on the development of pathological changes in the hepatobiliary system was studied in 120 golden hamsters in a long-term experiment (42 weeks) after single infection per os in the dose of 50 metacercariae per animal. the animals were sacrificed on weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 28 and 42. chronic experimental infestation with o. felineus triggered a cascade of morphogenetic processes in both extrahepatic and intrahepatic biliary systems. at the early stages o ... | 2016 | 27591869 |
| serum antibody ig g and ig m titers for opisthorchis felineus correlate with eggs in faeces--a comprehensive study in chuvash republic, russia. | the cholangiocarcinoma is a. the risk of development of cholangiocarcinoma, generally a rare type of a liver tumor, increases during infection of opisthorchiasis. for this reason the timely detection of opisthorchiasis is important for cholangiocarcinoma prevention. there are many studies which concern the detection of pathogenesis of opisthorchis viverrini infection but a little known about opisthorchis felineus. in this study we investigate a correlation of the eggs which are found in a faeces ... | 2016 | 26838224 |
| opisthorchiasis in infant remains from the medieval zeleniy yar burial ground of xii-xiii centuries ad. | we present a paleoparasitological analysis of the medieval zeleniy yar burial ground of the xii-xii centuries ad located in the northern part of western siberia. parasite eggs, identified as eggs of opisthorchis felineus, were found in the samples from the pelvic area of a one year old infant buried at the site. presence of these eggs in the soil samples from the infant's abdomen suggests that he/she was infected with opisthorchiasis and imply consumption of undercooked fish. ethnographic record ... | 2015 | 26602874 |
| fishes and their parasites in the water district of massaciuccoli (tuscany, central italy). | this study has been conducted in the district of massaciuccoli (lake, marsh and reclaimed areas with drainage channels) in tuscany region (central italy). the aim of the research was to detect the presence of parasites in fishes, in particular of opisthorchis felineus, which causes an important zoonosis. between 2010-2012, the health status of 381 fishes was monitored, morphometric characteristics were determined, and parasites were searched for and identified. of the 381 examined fishes, 189 we ... | 2015 | 26455372 |
| [role of opisthorchis felineus on induction of bile duct cancer]. | opisthorchis felineus (trematoda) is widespread in the russian federation, especially in siberia, and other countries of europe. infestation of endemic area population with o. felineus reaches 80%. on animal models of the infection of closely related opisthorchis viverrini combined with the nitrosamines' intake it has been shown that the parasite induces cholangiocarcinoma. however carcinogenic potential of o. felineus is still poorly studied. the present study is aimed to investigate the role o ... | 2015 | 26016330 |
| [food sensitization in children with opisthorchis felineus invasion]. | to determine the mechanism of food sensitization in children with chronic opisthorchis felineus invasion. | 2014 | 25055563 |
| foodborne trematodiasis and opisthorchis felineus acquired in italy. | | 2014 | 24520562 |
| chronic opisthorchis felineus infection attenuates atherosclerosis--an autopsy study. | previously, we proposed a hypothesis that chronic helminthic infection may have beneficial effects on the development of atherosclerosis. the aim of this study was to investigate an association between opisthorchis felineus chronic helminthic infections with aortic atherosclerosis and serum total cholesterol. a series of medico-legal autopsy specimens collected in khanty-mansiisk (the region in russia endemic for o. felineus) were studied to assess o. felineus worm burden in cadaver livers. the ... | 2013 | 23792298 |
| validation of an excretory/secretory antigen based-elisa for the diagnosis of opisthorchis felineus infection in humans from low trematode endemic areas. | since opisthorchiasis does not show pathognomonic signs or symptoms, physicians can have serious problems to make a differential diagnosis of this infection in non endemic areas, in particular when there is a simultaneous occurrence with other seasonal infections. moreover, symptomatic infections due to o. felineus can last a few weeks and then the signs and symptoms disappear, but the worms survive in the bile ducts for years causing hepatobiliary diseases including hepatomegaly, cholangitis, f ... | 2013 | 23671589 |