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controlling self-incompatibility by co2 gas treatment in brassica campestris: structural alteration of papillae cell and differential gene expression by increased co2 gas.self-imcompatibility is a controlling genetic mechanism to prevent self-pollination for chinese cabbage (brassica campestris), one of the major vegetable crops in korea. to maintain inbred lines of the crop plant, a method in that high co2 gas is treated to the pistils to overcome the self-incompatibility and thereby self-pollens can successfully make germination and fertilization has been widely used in seed companies. despite the common utilization of this method, any molecular and cellular st ...200111355699
assessment of imidacloprid in brassica environment.imidacloprid was applied as seed treatment (gaucho 70 ws, 5 and 10 g ai kg(-1) seed) and foliar spray (confidor 200 sl, 20 and 40 g ai ha(-1)) at 50% pod formation stage on mustard (brassica campestris linn.) to control mustard aphid, lipaphis erysimi kalt. it was detectable upto 82 and 96 days in plants after sowing from lower and higher doses of seed treatment. however, it dissipated faster and became nondetectable after 7 and 15 days of foliar treatments from lower and higher rates of applica ...200111599725
purification and characterization of dihydroxyacetone phosphate reductase from immature seeds of brassica campestris l.dihydroxyacetone phosphate reductase (dhap reductase) was purified to apparent electrophoretic homogeneity with about 24% recovery from immature seeds of brassica campestris using (nh(4))(2)so(4) fractionation, affinity chromatography, gel filtration and adsorption chromatography. the purified enzyme with molecular mass of about 62 kda was a dimer with subunit molecular mass of 32 kda. the enzyme exhibited maximum activity at ph 7.5 and was highly specific for nadh and dhap. typical michaelis-me ...200111448735
[production and cytogenetics of intergeneric hybrids between ogura cms brassica campestris var. purpuraria and raphanus sativus].crosses between ogura cms brassica campestris var. purpuraria (aa, 2n = 20) and raphanus sativus (rr, 2n = 18) were made and many intergeneric hybrids were produced. the f1 seedlings did not show chlorosis at low temperature. when red raphanus sativus varieties were used as male parent, the leaf petiole and leaf vein of f1 plants were purple, and when white raphanus sativus varieties were used as male parent, the leaf petiole and leaf vein of f1 plants were not purple. all the f1 plants had whit ...200111431989
[reclamation of the plant regeneration efficiency of brassica campestris subsp. chinensis var.parachinensis].this investigation has developed an efficient and fast method for plant regeneration from petiole of cotyledon explants of brassica campestris l. subsp. chinensis makino var. parachinensis tsen et lee. a medium was designed for b. campestris subsp. chinensis var. parachinensis to obtain the high frequency of shoot regeneration, which contained bap 2 mg/l, naa 0.75-1.0 mgl and 7.5 mg/l agno3 solution to the half of nh4+ concentration's ms basic medium. 60 ml/l coconut milk were added to all of me ...200112549111
[the molecular biology of cytoplasmic male sterility in chinese cabbage (brassica campestris ssp.pekinensis)]. 200215901566
a protein kinase activated by darkness phosphorylates nitrate reductase in komatsuna (brassica campestris) leaves.although it has been shown that leaf nitrate reductase (nr: ec 1.6.6.1) is phosphorylated by subjecting plants to darkness, there is no evidence for the existence of dark-activated or dark-induced nr kinase. this study was undertaken to investigate the occurrence of a protein kinase phosphorylating nr in response to dark treatments. immediately after transferring komatsuna (brassica campestris l.) plants to darkness, we observed rapid increases in the phosphorylating activity of the synthetic pe ...200212121455
isolation of a cdna for a nucleoside diphosphate kinase capable of phosphorylating the kinase domain of the self-incompatibility factor srk of brassica campestris.srk is a plant receptor kinase involved in the self-incompatibility system of brassica species. during a cdna screening for the phosphoproteins from a stigma expression library, a clone encoding the nucleoside diphosphate kinase iii (bc-ndpk iii) was obtained. after in vitro phosphorylation assays with recombinant proteins, bc-ndpk iii contained mostly phosphoserine. by contrast, the kinase domain of srk contained phosphoserine and phosphothreonine, both of which were significantly increased by ...200211886897
levels and tissue-dependent distribution of dioxin in japanese domestic leafy vegetables--from the 1999 national investigation.in 1999, japanese domestic leafy vegetables were successively investigated for levels of dioxins, including 17 dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (pcdd/fs), four non-ortho co-planar pcbs (co-pcbs) and eight mono-ortho co-pcbs, all of which had been assigned toxic equivalency factors (tefs) by who in 1997. the mean levels of dioxins in the edible portions were 0.07 (0.09) pg teq/g in spinach, 0.13 (0.14) pgteq/g in garland chrysanthemum, 0.01 (0.04) pg teq/g in mitsuba (marsh parsley) and 0.01 (0.03 ...200212117060
genomic cloning and characterization of glutathione reductase gene from brassica campestris var. pekinensis.we have isolated and characterized a gene encoding cytosolic glutathione reductase from brassica campestris (b. campestris). the gene (bcggr1) is presented as a single copy in the b. campestris genome and is composed of 17 exons and 16 introns in the trancribed region with coding sequence beginning in the 2nd exon and ending in the 17th exon. bcggr1 is expressed strongly in roots and calli, and moderately in stems and leaves. the transcription is strongly induced by various stress treatments inc ...200212018846
potential of a novel antibiotic, 2-methylheptyl isonicotinate, as a biocontrol agent against fusarial wilt of crucifers.screening for newer bioactive compounds from microbial metabolites resulted in the isolation of a novel antibiotic from the culture filtrate, streptomyces sp 201, of a soil. the bioactive compound, with antifungal and antibacterial activity, was identified as 2-methylheptyl isonicotinate. the antifungal activity of live culture, culture broth and the isolated bioactive compound showed marked inhibition against dominant soil-borne phytopathogens such as fusarium oxysporum schlect, f moniliforme s ...200211975177
use of waste chinese cabbage as a substrate for yeast biomass production.the possibility of using waste chinese cabbage (brassica campestris) as a substrate for microbial biomass production was investigated. the juice from waste chinese cabbage contains relatively high amounts of reducing sugars suitable for yeast culture. the cell mass and protein content of four species of yeast, candida utilis, pichia stipitis, kluyveromyces marxianus, and saccharomyces cerevisiae, were determined when cultured in juice extracted from cabbage waste. compared to ym broth containing ...200212094802
characterization of a stamen-specific cdna encoding a novel plant defensin in chinese cabbage.we isolated a stamen-specific cdna, bsd1 (brassica stamen specific plant defensin 1) that encodes a novel plant defensin peptide in chinese cabbage (brassica campestris l. ssp. pekinensis). plant defensins are antimicrobial peptides containing eight highly conserved cysteine residues linked by disulfide bridges. in bsd1, the eight cysteine residues and a glutamate residue at position 29 are conserved whereas other amino acid residues of the plant defensins consensus sequence are substituted. bsd ...200212139009
effect of alternaria pathotoxin(s) on expression of p53-like apoptotic protein in calli and leaves of brassica campestris.possible involvement of apoptosis was investigated in pathotoxin-treated and nutritionally-depleted in vitro cultured calli by comparing levels of p53-like protein. antibodies raised against human p53 were used to detect and quantify p53 in b. campestris. expression of p53-like protein increased from proliferating to static growth stage and reached to constant level at decaying stage. both elisa and dot immuno-binding assay showed that p53-like protein was over expressed in toxin treated and nut ...200212561976
linkage mapping of genes controlling resistance to white rust (albugo candida) in brassica rapa (syn. campestris) and comparative mapping to brassica napus and arabidopsis thaliana.genes for resistance to white rust (albugo candida) in oilseed brassica rapa were mapped using a recombinant inbred (ri) population and a genetic linkage map consisting of 144 restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) markers and 3 phenotypic markers. young seedlings were evaluated by inoculating cotyledons with a. candida race 2 (ac2) and race 7 (ac7) and scoring the interaction phenotype (ip) on a 0-9 scale. the ip of each line was nearly identical for the two races and the population sh ...200211908664
identification and classification of s haplotypes in raphanus sativus by pcr-rflp of the s locus glycoprotein (slg) gene and the s locus receptor kinase (srk) gene.polymorphism of the s-locus glycoprotein (slg) and s-locus receptor kinase (srk) genes in raphanus sativus was analyzed by pcr-rflp using slg- and srk-specific primers. twenty four inbred lines of r. sativus could be grouped into nine s haplotypes. dna fragments of slg alleles specifically amplified from five s haplotypes by pcr with class-i slg-specific primers showed different profiles upon polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis after digestion with restriction endonucleases. the five r. sativus s ...200212582578
[production and cytogenetics of hybrids of ogura cms brassica campestris var. purpuraria x raphanus sativus x brassica napus].crosses of ogura cms brassica campestris var. purpuraria x raphanus sativus x brassica napus were made and four hybrids were produced. one plant (prn-1) was mosaic with yellow and milk white flowers and some flowers had both yellow and white petals. the others (prn-2, -3, -4) had white flowers. prn-4 had degenerated anthers, the other three had three to six anthers and could produce some pollens, but the pollens of prn-2 were unstainable by i2-ki solution. prn-2 had four normal honey glands, prn ...200212043578
simple physical treatment as an effective tool to improve the functional properties of rapeseed (brassica campestris var. toria) and sesame seed (sesamum indicum) meals.dry and 24-h imbibed rapeseeds and sesame seeds were defatted with hexane, and freeze-dried powder was analysed for the functional properties of the meals. the water absorption capacity of the imbibed rapeseed meal and the fat absorption capacity of both the imbibed meals were higher than dry meals. protein solubility of the rapeseed meal was improved by imbibition and both the imbibed meals exhibited maximum protein solubility at ph 12. the rapeseed meal possessed better foaming properties and ...200212590740
simple physical treatment as an effective tool to improve the functional properties or rapeseed (brassica campestris var. toria) and sesame seed (sesamum indicum) meals.dry and 24 h imbibed rapeseeds and sesame seeds were defatted with hexane and the resulting freeze-dried powder was analysed for the functional properties of the meals. water absorption capacity (wac) of imbibed rapeseed meal and fat absorption capacity (fac) of both the imbeded meals were higher than those for dry meals. protein solubility of rapeseed meals was improved by imbibition and both the imbibed meals exhibited maximum protein solubility at ph 12. rapeseed meal possessed better foaming ...200211939112
association of rflp markers and biomass heterosis in trigenomic hybrids of oilseed rape ( brassica napus x b. campestris).laboratory screening with dna-based markers and field measurements of biomass production were carried out on each of the 120 trigenomic hybrids, obtained by interspecific hybridization between brassica napus (aacc) and brassica campestris (a'a'). the objective of this study was to elucidate the relationship between molecular markers and biomass heterosis of the interspecific hybrid between b. napus and b. campestris, which has been explored practically in rapeseed production for many years. the ...200212582933
damage potential of grasshoppers (orthoptera: acrididae) on early growth stages of small-grains and canola under subarctic conditions.we characterized the type and extent of grasshopper injury to above- and below-ground plant parts for four crops [barley (hordeum vulgare l.), oats (avena sativa l.), wheat (triticum aestivum l.), and canola (brassica campestris l.)] commonly grown, or with potential to grow, in central alaska. cages were placed on 48 pots containing plants in second to third leaf stages and stocked with 0, 2, 4, and 6 first-instar melanoplus sanguinipes f. pot(-1). plants were harvested 22 d after planting. ste ...200314503591
host-associated genetic structure of mexican populations of the cabbage aphid brevicoryne brassicae l. (homoptera: aphididae).phytophagous insects can use different host plant species across their geographic distribution. within a locality, however, their feeding can be restricted to one or two plant species. if host species constitute different selective regimes to herbivorous insects, genetic differentiation and host-associated local adaptation may occur. in this study, we describe the genetic structure of the aphid brevicoryne brassicae l. associated to brassica campestris l. and b. oleraceae var. capitata l., two p ...200314512958
differential parasitism of plutella xylostella (lepidoptera: plutellidae) larvae by the parasitoid cotesia plutellae (hymenoptera: braconidae) on two host plant species.laboratory experiments were conducted to examine host selection by cotesia plutellae kurdjumov when larvae of its host, plutella xylostella (linnaeus), fed on chinese cabbage, brassica campestris l. ssp. pekinensis and those fed on common cabbage, brassica oleracea l. var. capitata were provided simultaneously, and to investigate the roles of plant and host volatiles in mediating host selection. when c. plutellae were provided with equal numbers of host larvae on plants of the two species in one ...200312593684
the function of the flowering time gene agl20 is conserved in crucifers.the mads box gene, agamous-like 20 (agl20), integrates environmental and endogenous flowering signals in arabidopsis thaliana. in order to determine if its role is conserved in other plants, we isolated agl20 orthologs from brassica campestris, cardamine flexuosa and draba nemorosa. the putative amino acid sequences of the orthologs were 94 to 97% identical. we analyzed the flowering phenotype and expression level of the agl20 ortholog in c. flexuosa, a long day plant that does not respond to ve ...200314503858
induction of male sterile cabbage using a tapetum-specific promoter from brassica campestris l. ssp. pekinensis.the anther (tapetum)-specific gene bca9 was isolated from chinese cabbage, brassica campestris l. ssp. pekinensis cv. jangwon, using the arabidopsis tapetum-specific a9 gene as a probe. the dna and amino acid sequences of the coding region of the bca9 gene showed high homology with a9 genes from arabidopsis and b. napus. however, the dna sequences of the 5' noncoding (promoter) region were different, except for the sequence from -281 to -89. to test the specific activity of this promoter, a plan ...200312920565
chronic effects of vapour phase di-n-butyl phthalate (dbp) on six plant species.a fumigation experiment was performed in which six plant species representing the european flora were exposed to a range of dbp concentrations. controlled amounts of dbp-saturated air were injected into the ingoing air-streams of plant fumigation chambers, maintaining constant concentrations there for a period of up to 76 days. the target concentrations were a control, 0.8, 1.5, 3.5, and 10.0 microg m(-3). the variation in sensitivity between plant species to atmospheric dbp was quantified on th ...200314505713
evaluation of the phytotoxicity of contaminated sediments deposited "on soil". i. impact of water draining from the deposit on the germination of neighbouring plants.as part of a study of the phytotoxic risk of spreading of contaminated sediments "on soil", we carried out a laboratory experiment assessing the impact of water draining from sediments in a deposit scenario on the peripheral vegetation. the plant tested were the chinese cabbage (brassica campestris l. var. chinensis), maize (zea mays l.) and ryegrass (lolium perenne l.). the draining water samples (a1, b1 and c1) were obtained after decantation in laboratory of the sediments. the classification ...200312656260
linear dominance relationship among four class-ii s haplotypes in pollen is determined by the expression of sp11 in brassica self-incompatibility.self-incompatibility (si) prevents self-fertilization by rejecting pollen from plants with the same s phenotype. the brassica si system is controlled sporophytically by multiple alleles at the single locus, s, and dominance relationships among s haplotypes are observed in both stigma and pollen. we have identified previously five different class-ii s haplotypes in brassica campestris. here, we performed test-crosses between s heterozygotes and their respective parental s homozygotes for four of ...200312552149
[mapping and analysis qtl controlling some morphological traits in chinese cabbage (brassica campestris l. ssp. pekinensis)].an aflp and rapd genetic map with 352 markers and a ril (recombinant inbred lines) population from the cross of two cultivated chinese cabbage lines were employed in mapping and analysis quantitative trait loci (qtl). the number, location, variation explained and additive effect of qtl underlying nine morphological traits were determined by using composite interval mapping method. fifty putative qtl, including five for plant growth habit, six for plant height, five for plant diameter, seven for ...200314986434
experiment of seed germination with low pressure environment simulator.seeds of brassica campestris germinated in low pressure environment at the pressures of 100, 50, 30, 20 kpa. the germination rates of 7 days after seeding were more than 90% without the rate at the pressures of 20 kpa. as the pressure was less, the germination was slower. the results showed that seeds of brassica campestris normally germinated at the pressure of more than 30 kpa. the germination rate at the pressures of 20 kpa was about 60%. the germination rate was not normal. however, it was p ...200314676378
molecular cloning of the monodehydroascorbate reductase gene from brassica campestris and analysis of its mrna level in response to oxidative stress.in a majority of living organisms, a fundamental protection mechanism from reactive oxygen species is by the ascorbate-glutathione cycle in which an important antioxidant, ascorbate (vitamin c), is utilized to convert harmful h2o2 to h2o. monodehydroascorbate reductase (mdhar) maintains reduced pools of ascorbate by recycling the oxidized form of ascorbate. by screening a brassica campestris cdna library, we identified a b. campestris mdhar cdna (bcmdhar) which encodes a polypeptide of 434 amino ...200415450955
expression analysis of the pistil genes in controlling self-incompatibility of brassica campestris by co2 gas using microarray.in brassica campestris, self-incompatibility (si) can be overcome by co2 gas treatment. previously, we reported inhibition of the si in the brassica campestris line, 734, by co2 gas. in this study, we used a cdna microarray comprising 1,184 unique cdna ests from a pistil-specific cdna library of the brassica line to examine the expression of the pistil genes in response to co2. microarray analysis revealed that expression of 2% of the pistil genes was altered by exposure to co2 gas. surprisingly ...200415359129
the recognition of glycolate oxidase apoprotein with flavin analogs in higher plants.the dependence of glycolate oxidase apoprotein (apogo) activity on flavin analogs was surveyed in 9 higher plants from 7 families. activities of all apogos depended not only on flavin mononucleotide (fmn) but also on flavin adenine dinucleotide (fad), but not on riboflavin. the kinetic analysis showed that fmn was the optimum cofactor for apogo from leaves of brassica campestris. in plant kingdom, fmn, fad and riboflavin are three flavin analogs with very similar structure, and they could coexis ...200415253155
[component and content changes of volatiles from chinese cabbage damaged by plutella xylostella].the study showed that chinese cabbage, brassica campestris could release a variety of volatiles, especially when infested by plutella xylostella larvae. among these volatiles, saturated hydrocarbon was dominant, aromatic hydrocarbon was the second, and unsaturated hydrocarbon, aldehyde, alcohol, ketone, acid and heteroaromatic compounds were existed with a small amount. chinese cabbage damaged by plutella xylostella larvae produced 3 times of volatiles in amount with more species than the contro ...200415707333
antioxidants from rape (brassica campestris vir. japonica hara) oil cake.a simple but novel compound, s-1-methoxy-1-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane, was isolated as a moderately antioxidative compound from rape (brassica campestris l. subsp. napus) oil cake together with 5 known compounds. three of these compounds, indolacetonitrile, 4-hydroxyindolacetonitrile, and 4-hydroxyphenylacetonitrile, showed strong antioxidative activity evaluated by the ferric thiocyanate method.200415143833
molecular cloning and characterization of nucleoside diphosphate (ndp) kinases from chinese cabbage (brassica campestris).nucleoside diphosphate kinases (ndpks) are key metabolic enzymes that catalyze the synthesis of non-adenosine nucleoside triphosphates (ntp) by transfer of the terminal phosphate between ndp and ntp. recently we isolated three ndpk cdnas from chinese cabbage cdna library. bcndk1 has 636 bp and encodes a putative 17.4 kda protein, bcndk2 has 854 bp and encodes a putative 25.5 kda protein, and bcndk3 is 986 bp long and encodes a putative 25.7 kda protein. the precursor proteins of bcndk2 and bcndk ...200415055533
plant wounding affects the oviposition of hellula undalis(f.). the impact of leaf chemistry.crucifer specialists, such as the tropical pest hellula undalis (f.), developed a close association to their hosts and depend on characteristic secondary plant compounds, the glucosinolates (gs), in many cases. following tissue damage, gs undergo hydrolysis catalyzed by the enzyme myrosinase to produce a complex array of products which include isothiocyantes, cyanides, and thiocyanates depending on reaction condition and the chemical nature of the side chain. we found that mechanical plant damag ...200415759429
[establishment of an efficient regeneration system for chinese cabbage cultured in vitro and histological observation of shoot development].an efficient plant regeneration system from explants of petiole with cotyledon was developed for chinese cabbage (brassica campestris ssp. chinensis makino) in our study. high frequency of shoot regeneration was obtained in the medium containing bap 2 mg/l, naa 0.45 mg/l and 5-7.5 mg/l agno3 solution to the half of nh4+ concentration's ms basic medium, with 84.3 percent being the highest frequency of shoot regeneration in seven chinese cabbage cultivars and one parentage, and the new formed shoo ...200415259989
effects of the fermentation product of herbs by lactic acid bacteria against phytopathogenic filamentous fungi and on the growth of host plants.the fermentation product of herbs by lactic acid bacteria (fhl) was assayed for antifungal activities against rosellinia necatrix, helicobasidium mompa, fusarium oxysporum, pythium graminicola and pyricularia oryzae. fhl completely inhibited the growth of r. necatrix, h. mompa, p. graminicola and p. oryzae, and reduced the growth of f. oxysporum by 35%. when the seeds of medicago sativa l. (alfalfa), asparagus officinalis l. (asparagus), brassica campestris l. (komatsuna), oryza sativa l. (rice) ...200416233688
a novel arabidopsis-colletotrichum pathosystem for the molecular dissection of plant-fungal interactions.the ability of a colletotrichum sp., originally isolated from brassica campestris, to infect arabidopsis thaliana was examined. sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (its)1, 5.8s rna gene and its2 regions of ribosomal (r)dna showed the pathogen to be colletotrichum destructivum. the host range was broad, including many cruciferous plants and some legumes. at 25 degrees c, all a. thaliana accessions tested were susceptible to the brassica isolates of c. destructivum; however, at 15 ...200415000394
cdna cloning and characterization of enolase from chinese cabbage, brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis.an enolase-encoding cdna clone from chinese cabbage, brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis, was isolated. this gene (accession number: ay307448) had a total length of 1580bp with an open reading frame of 1335bp, and encoded a predicted polypeptide of 444 amino acids with a molecular weight of 47.38 kda. the deduced amino acid (aa) sequence shared identity with a number of enolases ranging from bacillus subtilis to human beings and had much higher identity with other plant enolases than with enolas ...200415354355
laboratory evaluations of a wild crucifer barbarea vulgaris as a management tool for the diamondback moth plutella xylostella (lepidoptera: plutellidae).the term 'dead-end trap cropping' has recently been proposed to identify a plant that is highly attractive for oviposition by an insect pest, but on which offspring of the pest cannot survive. the potential of the wild crucifer barbarea vulgaris r. br. to allure and serve as a dead-end trap crop for the diamondback moth plutella xylostella (l.), an important pest of cruciferous crops worldwide, was examined in laboratory experiments. when p. xylostella adults were provided with a dual-choice of ...200415541190
a rac-like small g-protein from brassica campestris activates a pkc-dependent phospholipase d.a cdna clone encoding a rac-like small gtp binding protein was isolated from a cdna library of chinese cabbage (brassica campestris l. ssp. pekinensis) flower buds and named brac1. the brac1 cdna contains an open reading frame encoding 198 amino acid residues with an estimated molecular mass of 21,690 da and this coding region has conserved residues and motifs unique to the rho subfamily of proteins. the deduced amino acid sequence of the brac1 protein is closely related to that of arabidopsis t ...200414697272
[isolation and characterization of bcmf3, a gene expressed only in maintainer line in chinese cabbage-pak-choi (brassica campestris l. ssp. chinensis makino var. communis tsen et lee)].expression profiling was performed using cdna-aflp technology on floral buds of a genic male sterile line (a line) and a maintainer line (b line) in chinese cabbage pak-choi (brassica campestris l. ssp. chinensis makino var. communis tsen et lee cv. aijiaohuang). a differentially expressed cdna fragment, ba18-t16, was obtained via selective amplification with a18/t16 primer pair. ba18-t16 was specifically associated with the maintainer line, and was expressed only in floral buds revealed by half ...200415651684
chemical changes induced by methyl jasmonate in oilseed rape grown in the laboratory and in the field.the effect of methyl jasmonate (mj) spraying on the chemistry of brassica plants was investigated. glucosinolates (gls) in the leaves, stems, and roots of laboratory-grown oilseed rape (brassica rapa subsp. oleifera cv. tuli and valo) 3 and 7 days after mj treatment were analyzed. volatile organic compounds (vocs) from whole oilseed rape plants were collected 3 days after mj treatment. gls were also analyzed from field-grown oilseed rape (cv. valo) treated with mj. the production of indolyl gls ...200415675811
elevated atmospheric co(2) affects the chemical quality of brassica plants and the growth rate of the specialist, plutella xylostella, but not the generalist, spodoptera littoralis.cabbage, brassica oleracea subsp. capitata (cv. lennox and rinda), and oilseed rape, brassica rapa subsp. oleifera (cv. valo and tuli), plants were grown under ambient co(2) (360 ppm) or elevated co(2) (720 ppm) at 23/18 degrees c and under a photoperiod of 22/2 h light (250 micromol m(-)(2) s(-)(1))/dark regime for up to 5 weeks. afterward, the performance of the crucifer specialist plutella xylostella (lepidoptera: plutellidae) and the generalist spodoptera littoralis (lepidoptera: noctuidae) ...200415212467
genotypic differences in effects of cadmium exposure on plant growth and contents of cadmium and elements in 14 cultivars of bai cai.fourteen cultivars of bai cai (brassica campestris l. ssp. chinensis var. communis) were grown in the nutrient solutions containing 0-0.5 microg ml(-1) of cadmium (cd) to investigate genotypic differences in the effects of cd exposure on the plant growth and uptake and distribution of cd in bai cai plants. the cd exposure significantly reduced the dry and fresh weights of roots and shoots, the dry weight ratio of shoot/root (s/r), total biomass, and chlorophyll content (spad value). cd concentra ...200415473646
[the cytochemical observation of anthers of chinese cabbage's male-sterile].a chinese cabbage (brassica campestris l. ssp. chinensis makino) produces 1/4 male sterile and 3/4 fertility in offspring. the sterile plant can be identified from the color of corolla that is some white when it grows out. the fertile and sterile anthers were researched using cytological and cytochemical methods. thick sections of both anthers of different developmental stages were stained with toluidine blue for general cytological observation and stained with the periodic-acid-schiff's (pas) t ...200415511072
[calcium distribution in fertile and sterile anthers of a genic male sterile chinese cabbage].potassium antimonite was used to locate calcium in the fertile and sterile anthers of a genic male sterile chinese cabbage (brassica campestris l. ssp. chinensis makino) to probe the relation between ca(2+) and fertility and sterility of anthers of the cabbage. during fertile anther development, calcium granules increase in number in anther wall cells after meiosis, and then appeared also in locule, suggesting a calcium influx into locule from anther wall cells (plate i-4). then the number of ca ...200516361789
role of nitrification inhibitor dmpp (3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate) in no(3-)-n accumulation in greengrocery( brassica campestris l. ssp. chinensis) and vegetable soil.the influence of nitrification inhibitor (ni) 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (dmpp) on nitrate accumulation in greengrocery (brassica campestris l. ssp. chinensis) and vegetable soil at surface layer were investigated in field experiments in 2002 and 2003. results showed that ni dmpp took no significant effect on yields of edible parts of greengrocery, but it could significantly decrease no(3-)-n concentration in greengrocery and in vegetable soil at surface layer. in addition, ni dmpp could re ...200515900763
[the ultrastructural observation of anthers of chinese cabbage's mail-sterility].the fertile and sterile anthers of a chinese cabbage (brassica campestris l. ssp. chinensis makino) were observed using electron microscope to find the ultrastructural feature of sterile anthers. the earliest abnormal phenomenon in sterile anther was nucleolus of sporogenous cells locating in the edge of nucleus. during microspore mother cell development, callus wall surrounding the cell displayed uneven in the thick ness and was discontinuous,and the some cytoplasm leaked out of the cell from s ...200516416967
overexpression of a eukaryotic glutathione reductase gene from brassica campestris improved resistance to oxidative stress in escherichia coli.glutathione reductase (gr) plays an essential role in a cell's defense against reactive oxygen metabolites by sustaining the reduced status of an important antioxidant glutathione. we constructed a recombinant plasmid based on the expression vector pet-18a that overexpresses a eukaryotic gr from brassica campestris (bcgr) in escherichia coli. for comparative analyses, e. coli gr (ecgr) was also subcloned in the same manner. the transformed e. coli with the recombinant constructs accumulated a hi ...200515596144
microbial succession associated with organic matter decomposition during thermophilic composting of organic waste.using dog food as a model of the organic waste, thermophilic composting was carried out for 14 days at a fixed temperature of 60 degrees c. the relationship between organic matter decomposition measured by co2 evolution during the bio-stabilization process and microbial succession expressed as the changes over time in the restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) patterns of 16s rdna sequences, of micro-organisms associated with the composting material was also examined. the co2 evolution ...200515751395
rhizosphere competent pseudomonas aeruginosa grc1 produces characteristic siderophore and enhances growth of indian mustard (brassica campestris).pseudomonas aeruginosa grc1, an isolate of potato rhizosphere, was known to have several plant growth-promoting activities, including production of phytohormone and antibiotic substance. the isolate was found to have prolific production ability of hydroxamate siderophore in iron-deficient conditions. the siderophore of grc1 was purified and characterized. the purified siderophore appeared to be of pyoverdin type with typical amino acid composition. in field trials, p. aeruginosa grc1 enhanced th ...200516211433
municipal sludge-induced phytotoxicity.municipal sludge (ms), containing various types of environmental pollutants, can exert phytotoxic effects in plants. seed germination, chlorophyll content, plant weight, root and shoot growth, and metal levels, were measured as endpoints to assess the phytotoxic effects of leachates of ms from lucknow city in three plants, triticum aestivum, brassica campestris and phaseolus aureus. among the five metals analysed, lead was found to be present at the highest concentration, and chromium at the low ...200516268761
allelopathic effects of volatile monoterpenoids produced by salvia leucophylla: inhibition of cell proliferation and dna synthesis in the root apical meristem of brassica campestris seedlings.salvia leucophylla, a shrub observed in coastal south california, produces several volatile monoterpenoids (camphor, 1,8-cineole, beta-pinene, alpha-pinene, and camphene) that potentially act as allelochemicals. the effects of these were examined using brassica campestris as the test plant. camphor, 1,8-cineole, and beta-pinene inhibited germination of b. campestris seeds at high concentrations, whereas alpha-pinene and camphene did not. root growth was inhibited by all five monoterpenoids in a ...200516124241
selective separation of peptides contained in a rapeseed (brassica campestris l.) protein hydrolysate using uf/nf membranes.the ability of a charged uf membrane to fractionate the small peptides found in a rapeseed protein enzymatic hydrolysate, according to their charge characteristics, was investigated. the complexity of such a hydrolysate has required the setting up of technological alternatives to isolate the small peptides, to obtain a more efficient separation among the numerous peptide species. a preliminary step consisted of precipitation followed by filtration with a 3000 g/mol molecular weight cutoff (mwco) ...200619127728
[rna fingerprinting of the differential expression fragments related to cytoplasmic male sterility in chinese cabbage].in order to investigate the differential expression of the genes related to cytoplasmic male sterility in chinese cabbage (brassica campestris l. ssp. penkinsis), a modified rna fingerprinting technique was developed to compare the difference in the total rna from flower bud of chinese cabbage among cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) lines, maintainer lines and f1 hybrids. four stably differential fragments s47-412, s93-622, s176-343 and s199-904 were amplified, cloned and sequenced with primers s ...200617035188
[expression of the genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis of 'tsuda' turnip].'tsuda' turnip (brassica campestris l. ssp. rapa), in which roots anthocyanin pigmentation is light-sensitive, was used as the material. 'tsuda' plants were held in darkness or irradiated with sun light and constant light for different time. anthocyanins in root peel of 'tsuda' turnip exposed to constant light were identified and quantified with a uv-visual spectrophotometer. the results demonstrated that the anthocyanins accumulation in 'tsuda' was related with light-exposure time (fig.1 and ta ...200617075183
bcxth1, a brassica campestris homologue of arabidopsis xth9, is associated with cell expansion.xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolases (xths) are a group of the enzymes that are responsible for reorganization of the cellulose-xyloglucan framework by catalyzing cleavage and religation of the xyloglucan chains in the plant cell wall. in this study, we report the isolation and characterization of a xth gene from a pistil cdna library of brassica campestris. sequence analysis of the gene, designated bcxth1, revealed that it is homologous to the xth9 gene of arabidopsis. the highly conserve ...200616322981
[atpase distribution in fertile and sterile anther of a genic male sterile chinese cabbage].lead precipitation technique was used to locate adenosine triphosphatase (atpase) in the fertile and sterile anthers of a genic male sterile chinese cabbage (brassica campestris l. ssp. chinensis makino var. communis tsen et lee),which would help us to understand the relationship between atpase and sterility of anthers of the cabbage. at megaspore mother cell (mmc) of fertile anther many atpase reactive precipitates were located in nucleus but few of the precipitates in cytoplasm of the cell. me ...200616955789
non-host plant extracts reduce oviposition of plutella xylostella (lepidoptera: plutellidae) and enhance parasitism by its parasitoid cotesia plutellae (hymenoptera: braconidae).botanical preparations, usually from non-host plants, can be used to manipulate the behaviour of insect pests and their natural enemies. in this study, the effects of extracts of chrysanthemum morifolium, a non-host plant of the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella (linnaeus), on the olfactory and oviposition responses of this phytophagous insect and on levels of parasitism by its specialist parasitoid cotesia plutellae (kurdjumov) were examined, using chinese cabbage brassica campestris l. ssp ...200616923205
[bcmf4 gene, encoding a leucine-rich repeat protein, plays a role in male fertility in chinese cabbage-pak-choi].the bcmf4 (brassica campestris male fertility 4) gene was previously isolated from the fertile b line of chinese cabbage-pak-choi (brassica campestris ssp. chinensis var. communis, syn. b. rapa ssp. chinensis var. communis). in the present paper, based on the cdna sequence of bcmf4, primers were designed and used to amplify two fragments from the cdna of flower buds of chinese cabbage-pak-choi. two produced fragments were introduced separately into binary vector pbi121 in antisense and sense ori ...200617098713
a ceramide and cerebroside from the starfish asterias amurensis lütken and their plant-growth promotion activities.the new phytosphingosine-type ceramide asteriaceramide a (1) and glucocerebroside asteriacerebroside g (2), together with two known cerebrosides, asteriacerebrosides a and b, were isolated from lipophilic fractions of the whole bodies of the northern pacific starfish asterias amurensis lütken. the water-soluble fraction afforded two known asterosaponins, glycoside b(2) and asterosaponin-1. the structures of 1 and 2 were determined on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence as (2s,3s,4r, ...200616872149
cadmium phytotoxicity: quantitative sensitivity relationships between classical endpoints and antioxidative enzyme biomarkers.in this work, cadmium phytotoxicity and quantitative sensitivity relationships between different hierarchical endpoints in plants cultivated in a contaminated soil were studied. thus, germination rate, biomass growth and antioxidative enzyme activity (i.e. superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase and glutathione reductase) in three terrestrial plants (avena sativa l., brassica campestris l. cv. chinensis, lactuca sativa l. cv. hanson) were analyzed. plant growth tests were carried out accordin ...200615982719
use of the polymerase chain reaction to isolate an s-locus glycoprotein cdna introgressed from brassica campestris into b. napus ssp. oleifera.a self-incompatible canola-quality brassica napus ssp. oleifera line (w1) was generated by introgressing the s-locus from a self-incompatible b. campestris plant into the westar cultivar. using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) with primers derived from conserved regions in s-locus glycoprotein (slg) alleles, the central region of the active slg gene (910) was obtained. the remaining portions of the cdna for this 910 gene were subsequently cloned using the pcr-rapid amplification of cdna ends ...20061508146
dna sequences of self-incompatibility genes from brassica campestris and b. oleracea: polymorphism predating speciation. 20061893115
regulation of ethylene levels in canola (brassica campestris) by 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase-containing methylobacterium fujisawaense.we report the presence of acc deaminase in methylobacterium fujisawaense and its lowering of ethylene levels and promotion of root elongation in canola seedlings under gnotobiotic conditions. to test a part of the previous model proposed for acc deaminase producing bacteria with methylobacterium, acc levels and various enzyme activities were monitored in canola. lower amounts of acc were present in the tissues of seeds treated with m. fujisawaense strains than in control seeds treated with mgso( ...200616416316
functional analysis of a novel male fertility cyp86mf gene in chinese cabbage (brassica campestris l. ssp. chinensis makino).in our earlier work, a cytochrome p450 cyp86mf gene was isolated from floral bud of chinese cabbage (brassica campestris l. ssp. chinensis makino, syn. b. rapa l.) by mrna differential display pcr (dd-pcr) and rapid amplification of cdna ends (race). to unravel the biological function of cyp86mf gene, the antisense fragment from the cyp86mf gene was transferred into chinese cabbage pak-choi (b. campestris ssp. chinensis var. communis tsen et lee). out of 22 plants transformed with the antisense ...200616075226
[feeding preference of plutella xylostella (lepidoptera: plutellidae) larva to its hosts].the feeding experiment with different sorts of brassica vegetable crops showed that plutella xylostella larva preferred the seedlings of chinese cabbage (brassica campestris l.), radish (raphanus sativus l.) and caixin (brassica campestris l.) to those of rape (brassica napus l.) and cabbage (brassica olereacea l.), with a selection proportion of 93.33% and 6.67% between chinese cabbage and rape, and of 16.67% and 83.33% between cabbage and caixin. on the whole, the feeding preference of p. xylo ...200616964942
synthesis and herbicidal activity of novel 3-aminocarbonyl-2-oxazolidinethione derivatives containing a substituted pyridine ring.a series of 3-aminocarbonyl-2-oxazolidinethione derivatives containing a substituted pyridine ring were designed and synthesized. the structures of all of the title compounds were characterized by 1h nmr, 13c nmr, ir, and hrms. their agricultural bioactivities were evaluated, and some of these compounds exhibited good herbicidal activities against echinochloa crusgalli, sorghum vulgare, digitaria sanguinalis, eclipta prostrasta, cucumis sativus, and brassica campestris, which were associated mai ...200616390188
design, synthesis, and quantitative structure-activity relationship study of herbicidal analogues of pyrazolo[5,1-d][1,2,3,5]tetrazin-4(3h)ones.a series of pyrazolo[5,1-d][1,2,3,5]tetrazin-4(3h)one derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their herbicidal activities where some of these compounds provided >80% control of brassica campestris at 10 microg/ml. quantitative structure-activity relationship studies were performed on these compounds using physicochemical parameters (electronic, verloop, or hydrophobic) as independent parameters and herbicidal activity as a dependent parameter, where herbicidal activity correlat ...200717300154
identification of flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids in pak choi varieties (brassica campestris l. ssp. chinensis var. communis) by hplc-esi-msn and nmr and their quantification by hplc-dad.twenty-eight polyphenols (11 flavonoid derivatives and 17 hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives) were detected in different cultivars of the chinese cabbage pak choi ( brassica campestris l. ssp. chinensis var. communis) by hplc-dad-esi-ms(n). kaempferol was found to be the major flavonoid in pak choi, glycosylated and acylated with different compounds. smaller amounts of isorhamnetin were also detected. a structural determination was carried out by (1)h and (13)c nmr spectroscopy for the main compou ...200717848079
effects of soil properties on heavy metal accumulation in flowering chinese cabbage (brassica campestris l. ssp. chinensis var. utilis tsen et lee) in pearl river delta, china.this study was conducted to investigate the effects of soil properties on the heavy metal accumulation in flowering chinese cabbage (brassica campestris l. ssp. chinensis var. utilis tsen et lee) at the field scale. the concentrations of cadmium (cd), mercury (hg), and chromium (cr) in topsoil and vegetable samples from nanhai district of foshan city in the pearl river delta (prd) were analyzed. the results showed that 56.5% of the soil samples exceeded the grade ii of the chinese soil environme ...200717365337
bcmf11, a putative pollen-specific non-coding rna from brassica campestris ssp. chinensis.a full-length cdna, bcmf11, has been cloned from chinese cabbage (brassica campestris l. ssp. chinensis makino) using rapid amplification of the cdna ends (race) based on a pollen-specific cdna fragment (dn237921). the bcmf11 cdna has a total length of 828bp with poly (a) tail. analysis of the sequence demonstrated that bcmf11 is a novel non-coding rna which has no prominent open reading frame (orf) or coding capacity. no significant similarities were observed between bcmf11 and previously publi ...200717207554
[genetic model analysis of leaf-weight traits in non-heading chinese cabbage (brassica campestris ssp. chinensis makino)].the mixed major-gene plus polygene inheritance model was used to analyze the genetics of leafblade-weight and petiole-weight trait in sixqiu017 of non-heading chinese cabbage. the results showed that the leafblade-weight trait was controlled by one pair of negative complete dominant major genes plus additive-dominant polygene (d-4). the additive effect in the major gene was 1.8991, the dominant effect was -1.8991; the additive effect in the polygene was -1.2934, and the dominant effect was 1.793 ...200717855268
characterization of a novel gene, bcmf7, that is expressed preferentially in pollen of brassica campestris l. ssp. chinensis makino.pollen formation is important for plant sexual reproduction. to identify the genes that are involved in pollen formation, we performed the genome-wide transcriptional profiling in the flower buds of both male meiotic cytokinesis (mmc) mutant and its wild-type plants of brassica campestris l. ssp. chinensis, syn. b. rapa l. ssp. chinensis. cdna-amplified fragment length polymorphism (cdna-aflp) analysis showed that the mmc mutation resulted in changes in expression of a variety of genes. bcmf7, a ...200717653671
effect of inclusion of tree leaves in feed on nutrient utilization and rumen fermentation in sheep.the effect of inclusion of tree leaves in mustard (brassica campestris) straw (ms) based complete feed blocks (cfb) on nutrient utilization and rumen fermentation was studied in adult male sheep. four types of cfb diets (roughage:concentrate:molasses, 70:25:5) were prepared. the compaction process increased bulk density (g/cm(3)) of msb, msnl, mssl and msal by 2.9, 1.79, 2.40 and 2.26 times, respectively. the dry matter intake (g/day) was higher (p<0.05) in mssl and msal than in msb. digestibili ...200716563748
pedobacter suwonensis sp. nov., isolated from the rhizosphere of chinese cabbage (brassica campestris).a mesophilic bacterium, strain 15-52(t), was isolated from the rhizosphere of chinese cabbage (brassica campestris). on the basis of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, the bacterium was identified as representing a novel species belonging to the genus pedobacter. the strain is non-flagellated, non-spore-forming and grows at temperatures in the range 1-37 degrees c. physiological tests of the strain showed the presence of oxidase, catalase, protease (gelatin and casein hydrolysis), beta-gl ...200717329772
point mutations in cauliflower mosaic virus gene vi confer host-specific symptom changes.mutants of cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) strain d4 have been characterized with regard to host-specific phenotypes that resulted from specific changes in the viral dna sequence. both the mutant and the wild-type viruses infect a brassicaceous host, brassica campestris, systemically, giving indistinguishable symptoms. however, in the solanaceous host datura stramonium, which was systemically infectible by the wild-type virus, mutants induced necrotic local lesions at 21 degrees c and above, and ...20072134858
[molecular cloning and characterization of bcmybogu, a novel member of the myb family involved in ogucms in brassica campestris ssp. chinensis].in the attempt to elucidate the molecular mechanism of cms. ogura cytoplasmic male sterile (ogucms) lines were obtained in chinese cabbage after interspecific hybridization between brassica. napus l. ogucms and b. campestris ssp. chinensis followed by recurrent backcross with b. campestris ssp. chinensis as the pollen donor. the cms lines were significantly characterized by the whitish anther and indehiscence of anther. the tapetal hypertrophy with excess vacuola-tion was the first observed defe ...200717548334
enhanced tolerance to sulfur dioxide and salt stress of transgenic chinese cabbage plants expressing both superoxide dismutase and catalase in chloroplasts.to explore the possibility of overcoming the highly phytotoxic effect of so(2) and salt stress, we introduced the maize cu/znsod and/or cat genes into chloroplasts of chinese cabbage (brassica campestris l. ssp. pekinensis cv. tropical pride) (referred to as sod, cat and sod+cat plants). sod+cat plants showed enhanced tolerance to 400 ppb so(2), and visible damage was one-sixth that of wild-type (ck) plants. in addition, when sod+cat plants were exposed to a high salt treatment of 200 mm nacl fo ...200717851086
decreased toxicity to terrestrial plants associated with a mixture of methyl tert-butyl ether and its metabolite tert-butyl alcohol.the influence of the main fuel oxygenate methyl tert-butyl ether (mtbe) and its key metabolite, tert-butyl alcohol (tba), on the growth of a plant seedling was studied separately and in combination. the test plants were mung bean (phaseolus radiatus), cucumber (cucumis sativus), wheat (triticum aestivum), sorghum (sorghum bicolor), kale (brassica alboglabra), chinese cabbage (brassica campestris), and sweet corn (zea mays). the growth of all the plants was adversely affected by tba and mtbe. the ...200717702346
molecular and functional characterization of a cyclophilin with antifungal activity from chinese cabbage.an antifungal protein that inhibits the growth of filamentous fungal pathogens was isolated from chinese cabbage (brassica campestris l. ssp. pekinensis) by affinity chromatography on affi-gel blue gel and ion exchange chromatography on cm-sepharose. the n-terminal amino acid sequence of the protein was highly homologous to that of plant cyclophilins and consequently the protein was denoted as c-cyp. to understand the antifungal activity of c-cyp, we isolated a cdna encoding its gene from a chin ...200717194440
characterization of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (acc) deaminase containing methylobacterium oryzae and interactions with auxins and acc regulation of ethylene in canola (brassica campestris).the possible interaction of the plant hormones auxin and ethylene and the role of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (acc) deaminase containing bacteria on ethylene production in canola (brassica campestris) in the presence of inhibitory concentrations of growth regulators were investigated. the effects of auxin (indole-3-acetic acid and 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid), auxin transport inhibitor 2-(p-chlorophenoxy)-2-methylpropionic acid, ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate and ...200717541630
purification and characterization of an antifungal protein, c-fkbp, from chinese cabbage.an antifungal protein was isolated from chinese cabbage (brassica campestris l. ssp. pekinensis) by buffer-soluble extraction and two chromatographic procedures. the results of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (maldi-tof) mass spectrometry revealed that the isolated chinese cabbage protein was identical to human fk506-binding protein (fkbp). a cdna encoding fkbp was isolated from a chinese cabbage leaf cdna library and named c-fkbp. the open reading frame of the gene en ...200717550265
effectiveness and stability of heterologous proteins expressed in plants by turnip mosaic virus vector at five different insertion sites.the n-terminal (nt) regions of particular protein-coding sequences are generally used for in-frame insertion of heterologous open reading frames (orfs) in potyviral vectors for protein expression in plants. an infectious cdna clone of turnip mosaic virus (tumv) isolate yc5 was engineered at the generally used nt regions of hc-pro and cp, and other possibly permissive sites to investigate their effectiveness to express the gfp (jellyfish green fluorescent protein) and der p 5 (allergen from the d ...200717689817
a steroid fraction of chloroform extract from bee pollen of brassica campestris induces apoptosis in human prostate cancer pc-3 cells.bee pollen of brassica campestris l. is widely used in china as a natural food supplement and an herbal medicine in strengthening the body's resistance against diseases including cancer. the present study was carried out to investigate the effect of a steroid fraction of chloroform extract from bee pollen of brassica campestris l. on human cancer cell viability. our studies show that among nine cancer cell lines of different origin (pc-3, lncap, mcf-7, hela, bel-7402, bcg-823, kb, a549 and ho891 ...200717639562
first isolation of an antifungal lipid transfer peptide from seeds of a brassica species.an antifungal peptide with a molecular mass of 9412 and an n-terminal sequence exhibiting notable homology to those of lipid transfer proteins was isolated from seeds of the vegetable brassica campestris. the purification protocol entailed ion exchange chromatography on q-sepharose, affinity chromatography on affi-gel blue gel, ion exchange chromatography by fast protein liquid chromatography (fplc) on mono s, and gel filtration by fplc on a superdex peptide column. the antifungal peptide was ad ...200717692430
lipid transfer proteins from brassica campestris and mung bean surpass mung bean chitinase in exploitability.antifungal peptides with a molecular mass of 9 kda and an n-terminal sequence demonstrating remarkable similarity to those of nonspecific lipid transfer proteins (nsltps) were isolated from seeds of the vegetable brassica campestris and the mung bean. the purified peptides exerted an inhibitory action on mycelial growth in various fungal species. the antifungal activity of brassica and mung bean nsltps were thermostable, ph-stable, and stable after treatment with pepsin and trypsin. in contrast, ...200717726719
coprinellus curtus (hitoyo-take) prevents diseases of vegetables caused by pathogenic fungi.a strain of coprinellus curtus (designated gm-21), a basidiomycete that suppressed bottom-rot disease of chinese cabbage, 'pak-choi' (brassica campestris), caused by the pathogen rhizoctonia solani pak-choi 2 was isolated. the mechanism of plant disease suppression was discovered to be hyphal interference, a combative fungal interaction between strain gm-21 and the pathogen. the antifungal spectrum of strain gm-21 was shown to include r. solani and fusarium sp., i.e. strain gm-21 showed disease- ...200717850327
ozone affects gas exchange, growth and reproductive development in brassica campestris (wisconsin fast plants).exposure to ozone (o(3)) may affect vegetative and reproductive development, although the consequences for yield depend on the effectiveness of the compensatory processes induced. this study examined the impact on reproductive development of exposing brassica campestris (wisconsin fast plants) to ozone during vegetative growth. plants were exposed to 70 ppb ozone for 2 d during late vegetative growth or 10 d spanning most of the vegetative phase. effects on gas exchange, vegetative growth, repro ...200717803646
[study on the spectrum response of brassica campestris l leaf to the zinc pollution].in the present paper, the spectrum response of brassica campestris l leaf to the stress of heavy metal zinc pollution was studied in three spectral rangess of the red edge position (680-740 nm), the visible spectrum (460-680 nm) and the near infrared spectrum (750-1000 nm). the results indicate that the zn content in cabbage leaves increases and the chlorophyll level reduces with the increase in zn concentration in soil. with the zn content of brassica campestris l leaves increasing, the leaf sp ...200718051532
evaluation of different phosphate amendments on availability of metals in contaminated soil.a pot trial was conducted to assess the efficiency of p-induced metal immobilization in soils. natural hydroxyapatite (ha), phosphate rock (pr), triple-superphosphate (tsp), and diammonium phosphate (dap) were evaluated for their ability to reduce cadmium (cd), lead (pb), and zinc (zn) bioavailability in an artificially metal-contaminated soil with three addition levels: t0 (without metals added), t1 (cd/pb/zn:0.6/100/66 mgkg(-1)), and t2 (cd/pb/zn: 1.5/300/200 mgkg(-1)). phosphate compounds wer ...200716887186
combined effect of ultraviolet-b radiation and cadmium contamination on nutrient uptake and photosynthetic pigments in brassica campestris l. seedlings.environmental and industrial pollution along with increase in ground level uv-b radiation, because of stratospheric ozone depletion, present multiple stresses, which may affect crop photosynthesis and productivity. the present study was undertaken to see interactive effects of heavy metal contamination (cd(2+)) and uv-b exposure on essential nutrient (ca(2+), mg(2+), k(+)) uptake, biomass, and chlorophyll content in mustard (brassica campestris l.) seedlings. plants grown in 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, and 5 ...200818348293
sequence variation of chalcone synthase gene in a spontaneous white-flower mutant of chinese cabbage-pak-choi.a spontaneous white-flower mutant of chinese cabbage-pak-choi (brassica campestris ssp. chinenesis, syn. b. rapa ssp. chinenesis) was found in our test fields, and all the plant characters except flower color were identical with wild type ones. we hypothesized that a mutational event had occurred in the gene coding for chalcone synthase (chs), the key enzyme of flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. two genes, later designated bcchs and bcchs-wf, were isolated from wild type and mutant chinese cabbage- ...200817605003
effects of oyster shell on soil chemical and biological properties and cabbage productivity as a liming materials.oyster shell, a byproduct of shellfish-farming in korea and containing a high amount of caco(3), has a high potential to be used as a liming material in agriculture. however, the agricultural utilization of oyster shell is limited due to its high concentration nacl. the oyster-shell meal collected had a low concentration of water soluble nacl (mean 2.7 g kg(-1)), which might be a result of stacking the material for 6 months in the open field. it has a very similar liming potential with calcium c ...200818294833
an account of the botanical anthelmintics used in traditional veterinary practices in sahiwal district of punjab, pakistan.the present study was aimed at documentation of botanical anthelmintics used in the traditional veterinary practices in sahiwal district of punjab, pakistan.200818657602
[toxicological effects of omethoate on leaf photosystem ii of cole].after spraying different concentrations of two brands pesticide omethoate on cole (brassica campestris l.) leaves, the leaf chlorophyll a fluorescence transients were measured by a plant efficiency analyzer (pea), and the toxicological effects and rudimental dynamic courses of omethoate on the leaf photosystem ii (ps ii) were investigated by jip-test. the results showed that after spraying omethoate except at the concentration of 0.50% , the maximal efficiency of photochemistry (f(v)/f(m)) did n ...200819123372
removal of carotene-like colored compounds by liquid-liquid extraction during polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons analysis of plant tissue.plants contain a wide variety of chemicals, some of which may have similar chromatographic behavior to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs). during solid phase extraction (spe) with si-gel for instance, the co-elution of carotene-like colored compounds with pahs has been observed. in this paper, liquid-liquid extraction was applied for the separation and subsequent analysis of pahs from plant extracts. pahs containing 2-6 rings, which include naphthalene, phenanthrene, pyrene, benzo[a]pyrene ...200818001818
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