| inhibitory effects of 3-imino-5-phenyl-3h-1,2-dithiole on poliovirus type 1 replication in vitro. | the effect of 3-imino-5-phenyl-3h-1,2-dithiole (pdti) on different steps of the replicative cycle of poliovirus type 1 in hep-2 cells was studied. this compound inhibited the replication of poliovirus type 1 as shown by cytopathic effect and virus yield reduction. this inhibitory action was not due to a virucidal effect, nor did the cells to have been pretreated. under one-step growth conditions 3-imino-5-phenyl-3h-1,2-dithiole caused the greatest inhibition if added within 1 h after poliovirus ... | 1990 | 1965112 |
| functional aspects of the capsid structure of mengo virus. | the three-dimensional structure of the mengo virus capsid has been determined at a resolution of 3.0 a. this achievement is discussed in an historical context, and the general features of picornavirus capsid design are presented. the dynamic functional aspects of the mengo virus capsid--namely its ability to interact with specific receptors on host cells, to dissociate and release the viral genomic rna into the cellular cytoplasm, to assemble with progeny rna molecules and form new virions, and ... | 1990 | 1965133 |
| notes on the pathogenesis of enterovirus infections. observations, experiments, and speculations. | despite extensive investigations over the last decades, several aspects of the pathogenesis of enterovirus infections in humans and animals are only poorly understood, such as the molecular basis of virulence (in particular of neurovirulence), tissue tropisms (e.g. the precise site of initial virus replication in the human intestinal tract), and precipitating factors of paralytic disease ("disposition"). studies on poliovirus myocarditis in man are reviewed. unequivocal evidence on replication o ... | 1990 | 1965548 |
| seroepidemiological evidence of widespread enteroviral infection in anambra state, nigeria. | serum samples from 339 apparently healthy subjects, 298 adult blood donors and 41 infants aged 21 months and below, were screened for neutralising activity against poliovirus 1 and coxsackieviruses a7 and b4. among the adult serum samples 85% showed high activity (greater than or equal to 320) against poliovirus 1 while frequencies of similar activities were 65% and 64% for coxsackieviruses a7 and b4 respectively. about 60% showed multiple activity against all three viruses; 15% against both cox ... | 1990 | 1966236 |
| translation of poliovirus mrna. | ribosome binding to cellular eukaryotic mrnas is proposed to occur by initial attachment at or near the mrna 5' cap structure (m7 gppn, where n is any nucleotide) followed by scanning till the appropriate initiator aug is encountered. a pivotal aspect of this model is the obligatory entry of the ribosomes at the 5' end of the mrna (regardless if it contains a cap structure). recent experiments, however, demonstrated that ribosomes can access certain mrnas by internal binding to the 5'-untranslat ... | 1990 | 1966842 |
| synthesis of 1-substitutes-5(6)-nitrobenzimidazoles as potential antiviral compounds. | the synthesis of 1-substituted, acyclic nucleoside derivatives of 5(6)-nitrobenzimidazoles and their pharmacological evaluation as antiviral compounds is described. the compounds were synthesized using 5(6)-benzimidazole as starting material with the appropriate chloromethylated substituted alcohols to obtain analogues of the known antiviral compounds, acyclovir and ganciclovir. the antiviral activity of these compounds was evaluated using strains of herpes simplex 1 and poliovirus 1 and were fo ... | 1990 | 1966927 |
| impairment of in vitro immune responses occurs within 3 months after hiv-1 seroconversion. | in a previous study we have shown that peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) from asymptomatic hiv-seropositive male homosexuals, who had seroconverted more than 2 years before, were unable to mount a secondary immune response in vitro to certain viral and bacterial antigens. we have extended this study by investigating the secondary immune responses of five male homosexuals, who, by regular screening, were found to have seroconverted for hiv-1 during the preceding 3 months and were subseque ... | 1990 | 1969282 |
| poliovirus vaccination responses in hiv-infected patients: correlation with t4 cell counts. | hiv infection is known to impair both cellular and humoral immunity. the antibody levels to poliovirus were measured in 17 hiv-infected and 3 hiv-seronegative homosexual men before and after vaccination with enhanced inactivated poliovirus vaccine (eipv). the subjects were tested for neutralizing antibodies to poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3; the number of peripheral blood t4 cells and lymphocyte responses after stimulation with phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin a, and pokeweed mitogen were measured ... | 1990 | 1972382 |
| virucidal activity of disinfectants: studies with the poliovirus. | the activity of various disinfectants against poliovirus (sabin 1 an) was assessed using surface and suspension tests. the surface test showed that 2% glutaraldehyde and high concentrations of hypochlorites (9200 ppm avcl2) were effective (i.e. greater than or equal to 4 log10 reduction) against a dried virus suspension in 1 min. diluted aldehydes ('sporicidin' and 'gigasept'), lower hypochlorite concentrations (1000 ppm avcl2) and peroxides (3%) were less effective while 70% ethanol showed vari ... | 1990 | 1972949 |
| evidence for a group-specific enteroviral antigen(s) recognized by human t cells. | human peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 15 normal, healthy adult volunteers proliferated in vitro against a panel of enteroviral antigens, including coxsackievirus b3, coxsackievirus b2, coxsackievirus b6, coxsackievirus a16, and poliovirus 1. no proliferation against the cardiovirus encephalomyocarditis virus occurred. lymphocytes obtained from cord blood drawn from seven neonates were uniformly nonresponsive to enteroviral antigens. although serum neutralization antibody titers indicated ... | 1990 | 1975596 |
| inhibition of hiv replication by pokeweed antiviral protein targeted to cd4+ cells by monoclonal antibodies. | functional impairment and selective depletion of cd4+ t cells, the hallmark of aids, are at least partly caused by human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1) type 1 binding to the cd4 molecule and infecting cd4+ cells. it may, therefore, be of therapeutic value to target an antiviral agent to cd4+ cells to prevent infection and to inhibit hiv-1 production in patients' cd4+ cells which contain proviral dna. we report here that hiv-1 replication in normal primary cd4+ t cells can be inhibited by pokewee ... | 1990 | 1975641 |
| mammalian reoviruses contain a myristoylated structural protein. | the structural protein mu 1 of mammalian reoviruses was noted to have a potential n-myristoylation sequence at the amino terminus of its deduced amino acid sequence. virions labeled with [3h]myristic acid were used to demonstrate that mu 1 is modified by an amide-linked myristoyl group. a myristoylated peptide having a relative molecular weight (mr) of approximately 4,000 was also shown to be a structural component of virions and was concluded to represent the 4.2-kda amino-terminal fragment of ... | 1991 | 2002551 |
| [poliomyelitis in landsteiner's time and today]. | at a meeting of the royal and imperial association of physicians in vienna on december 18, 1908 dr. karl landsteiner reported on the successful experimental transmission of poliomyelitis from man to ape in a study which he undertook together with erwin popper. in a scientific article that was published shortly after the meeting, landsteiner wrote that "the poliomyelitis virus belongs to the group of filterable micro-organisms". soon, landsteiner's results were confirmed by other colleagues. duri ... | 1991 | 2031349 |
| eradication of poliomyelitis: progress in the americas. | in the span of 5 years since the eradication initiative was launched and only 3 years since external funds were made available, paho has been able to develop and implement a comprehensive program strategy for polio eradication that includes the following components: achievement and maintenance of high immunization levels (which include the supplemental strategies of national immunization days and mop-up operations); effective surveillance to detect all new cases; and a rapid response to the occu ... | 1991 | 2041671 |
| analysis of historical epidemiological data to guide intervention policy in the face of an infectious disease outbreak: poliomyelitis in israel in 1988. | during the 1988 outbreak of 15 cases of type 1 poliomyelitis mainly among previously vaccinated young adults in israel, there were conflicting views on the need for and timing of mass vaccination. since there was a possibility that the initially localized outbreak may spread more widely, it was felt that an early decision on vaccination policy should be made. public health officials were faced with varied interpretations of the existing data on the extent of the immune status of the population; ... | 1991 | 2066236 |
| nucleotide sequence of a region of the feline calicivirus genome which encodes picornavirus-like rna-dependent rna polymerase, cysteine protease and 2c polypeptides. | a region of the feline calicivirus (fcv) genome was sequenced which encodes polypeptides that are similar by amino acid alignment analysis to several picornavirus polypeptides. these polypeptides include the 2c polypeptide, the 3c cysteine protease and the 3d rna-dependent rna polymerase. the 2c-like region of the fcv genome encodes a gxxgxgkt nucleotide binding motif as well as amino acids which have been shown to be conserved in the picornavirus 2c polypeptides. the fcv rna-dependent rna polym ... | 1990 | 2077782 |
| [evaluation of the prevalence of the main enteropathogenic agents in the west imerina region: manarintsoa]. | for a 288 children's population aged from 5 to 14 years old and being school attendents in the village of manarintsoa, we have systematically investigated 60% of them in may 1988 and january 1989. bacterial, parasitical and viral study of these stools showed off an important number of a. dispar and e. coli strains which have special phenotypes characters. the prevalence of campylobacter and ascaris lumbricoïdes is higher in this rural zone than in tananarive. two poliovirus of type 2 have been i ... | 1990 | 2078083 |
| safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of concurrent administration of haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine (meningococcal protein conjugate) with either measles-mumps-rubella vaccine or diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis and oral poliovirus vaccines in 14- to 23-month-old infants. | in 1985, the first capsular polysaccharide (polyribosylribitol-phosphate [prp]) vaccine for haemophilus influenzae type b was licensed and recommended for routine use in children between 24 and 60 months of age. in the united states, approximately 75% to 90% of invasive disease due to h influenzae type b occurs in infants younger than 24 months, a population for whom h influenzae type b polysaccharide vaccine is inadequately immunogenic and protective. in an effort to enhance the immunogenicity ... | 1990 | 2107519 |
| good seroresponse to enhanced-potency inactivated poliovirus vaccine in patients on chronic dialysis. | the outbreak of paralytic poliomyelitis in finland in 1984 was halted by nationwide oral poliovirus vaccination campaign. immunocompromised patients, including those with chronic uraemia and on continuous dialysis, were excluded from the oral vaccination group and instead were given a dose of the new enhanced-potency inactivated poliovirus vaccine before the campaign. we studied the antibody response to this vaccine in 49 patients on chronic dialysis, using conventional antigen of all three sero ... | 1990 | 2115627 |
| immunization practices in children. | the resurgence of measles has highlighted concerns about u.s. programs for immunization in infants and children. in order to put the problems into perspective, this review will address such issues as the safety of pertussis vaccines; oral vs inactivated poliovirus vaccine; vaccines for measles-mumps-rubella, hemophilus influenzae type b, and hepatitis b; and varicella vaccine. | 1990 | 2118922 |
| poliovirus type 1 enters the human host through intestinal m cells. | it was demonstrated by electron microscopy that after in vitro incubation of human peyer's patches with poliovirus type 1, either sabin or mahoney strain, poliovirus particles adhere specifically to and are endocytosed by intestinal epithelial m cells. these findings suggest that m cells in humans are the site of poliovirus penetration of the intestinal epithelial barrier. | 1990 | 2152776 |
| conditional poliovirus mutants made by random deletion mutagenesis of infectious cdna. | small deletions were introduced into dna plasmids bearing cdna copies of mahoney type 1 poliovirus rna. the procedure used was similar to that of p. hearing and t. shenk (j. mol. biol. 167:809-822, 1983), with modifications designed to introduce only one lesion randomly into each dna molecule. methods to map small deletions in either large dna or rna molecules were employed. two poliovirus mutants, vp1-101 and vp1-102, were selected from mutagenized populations on the basis of their host range p ... | 1990 | 2152811 |
| mutations in vp1 of poliovirus specifically affect both encapsidation and release of viral rna. | the phenotypic defects of two type 1 mahoney poliovirus mutants, termed vp1-101 and vp1-102, were caused by two different small deletions in the region of the rna genome encoding the amino terminus of the capsid protein vp1. this portion of vp1 was unresolved in the three-dimensional structure of the poliovirion, buried within the virion, and likely to interact with the viral rna. both vp1-101 and vp1-102 showed a diminished ability to enter cv1 but not hela cells; both mutants formed plaques on ... | 1990 | 2152812 |
| poliovirus permissivity and specific receptor expression on human endothelial cells. | to test the role of the endothelial cells (ec) in the poliomyelitis pathogenesis, their sensitivity to poliovirus infection was determined at different times after isolation from the human umbilical vein. while 80% of ec were permissive for poliovirus after 4 days of in vitro primary cultures, only 6% of freshly isolated ec were susceptible to poliovirus infection. a progressive development of this susceptibility was observed during the first 3 days of culture. in an attempt to explain the mecha ... | 1990 | 2152997 |
| foot-and-mouth disease virus protease 3c induces specific proteolytic cleavage of host cell histone h3. | in foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv)-infected cells, the disappearance of nuclear protein histone h3 and the simultaneous appearance of a new chromatin-associated protein termed pi can be observed (p. r. grigera and s. g. tisminetzky, virology 136:10-19, 1984). we sequenced the amino terminus of protein pi and showed that pi derives from histone h3 by proteolytic cleavage. the 20 n-terminal amino acid residues of histone h3 are specifically cleaved off early during infection. truncated histone ... | 1990 | 2153239 |
| cystatin c, a human proteinase inhibitor, blocks replication of herpes simplex virus. | cystatin c is a human cysteine proteinase inhibitor present in extracellular fluids. cystatin c and a tripeptide derivative (z-lvg-chn2) that mimics its proteinase-binding center, were tested for possible antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv) and poliovirus type 1. both recombinant cystatin c and z-lvg-chn2 displayed strong inhibitory effects on hsv replication, whereas no significant effect on poliovirus replication was seen. the molar concentration of cystatin c that gav ... | 1990 | 2153254 |
| localization of genomic regions specific for the attenuated, mouse-adapted poliovirus type 2 strain w-2. | in order to begin to elucidate the genomic basis of the attenuation of mouse-adapted, poliovirus type 2 strain w-2 (pv2/w-2), we have cloned and sequenced the virus and compared it with the virulent, mouse-adapted pv2/lansing strain. in addition, we have performed computer-generated comparisons of pv2/w-2 to the non-mouse-adapted, attenuated pv2/sabin strain to determine whether mutational patterns occur that result in attenuation. the pv2/w-2 genome is 7434 nucleotides in length, which is three ... | 1990 | 2154539 |
| antibodies to polioviruses in an israeli population and overseas volunteers. | a seroepidemiological survey of prevalence of antibodies to poliovirus types 1-3 was carried out in 1,800 residents of 30 agricultural settlements (kibbutzim) in israel during 1980 and 1981. the survey showed that in 1980 84%, 90%, and 79% of the kibbutz residents exhibited antibodies to poliovirus types 1-3, respectively. in 1981 the figures were 81%, 91%, and 73%. significantly lower levels of antibodies for poliovirus type 3 in 1980/1981, and for poliovirus type 1 in 1981, were noticed in the ... | 1990 | 2154545 |
| structural organization of poliovirus rna replication is mediated by viral proteins of the p2 genomic region. | transcriptionally active replication complexes bound to smooth membrane vesicles were isolated from poliovirus-infected cells. in electron microscopic, negatively stained preparations, the replication complex appeared as an irregularly shaped, oblong structure attached to several virus-induced vesicles of a rosettelike arrangement. electron microscopic immunocytochemistry of such preparations demonstrated that the poliovirus replication complex contains the proteins coded by the p2 genomic regio ... | 1990 | 2154600 |
| an antigen chimera of poliovirus induces antibodies against human papillomavirus type 16. | it has been established that the surface of poliovirus type 1 can be extensively modified to incorporate antigenic domains from other poliovirus serotypes and from unrelated viruses. the fact that the modified (chimeric) viruses exhibit dual antigenicity and immunogenicity led us to explore the possibility of using the sabin vaccine strain of poliovirus type 1 as a vector for the presentation of antigenic domains from human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv-16), a virus associated with the development ... | 1990 | 2154604 |
| limited expression of poliovirus by vaccinia virus recombinants due to inhibition of the vector by proteinase 2a. | a recombinant vaccinia virus was constructed that expressed poliovirus coat precursor protein p1 fused to about two-thirds of the 2a proteinase. the truncated 2a segment could be cleaved away from the p1 region by coinfecting with poliovirus type 1, 2, or 3 or with human rhinovirus 14 but not with encephalomyocarditis virus. further cleavage of the vector-derived p1 to yield mature poliovirus capsid proteins was not observed. attempts to isolate vaccinia virus recombinants containing portions of ... | 1990 | 2154618 |
| identification of rhinoviruses by cdna probes. | we have used nucleic acid hybridization for the detection and grouping of human rhinoviruses (hrv) according to their genetic relationships. fifteen rhinovirus reference strains, seventy-one clinical isolates and four enteroviruses were propagated in cell cultures, spotted onto membrane filters and hybridized with radioactively labelled cdna probes covering different parts of the genomes of hrv-1b, hrv-2, hrv-14, hrv-85 and hrv-89. when the rhinovirus and enterovirus reference strains were teste ... | 1990 | 2155249 |
| rapid molecular evolution of wild type 3 poliovirus during infection in individual hosts. | a panel of nine neutralizing monoclonal antibodies was used to analyse the antigenic properties of 188 plaque-purified type 3 poliovirus strains from 17 faecal specimens, derived from eight people during a 2 month observation period. most poliovirus specimens consisted of a mixture of antigenically distinct variants and the composition of the mixture was found to change between sequential specimens in many individuals, indicating antigenic evolution. thirty-five strains representing different an ... | 1990 | 2155286 |
| translation deficiency of the sabin type 3 poliovirus genome: association with an attenuating mutation c472----u. | previous studies have shown that the genome of sabin type 3 poliovaccine strain (p3/leon 12a1b) possesses a diminished translation efficiency as compared to genomes of closely related neurovirulent strains, the neurovirulent progenitor (p3/leon/37), or a revertant (p3/119/70) of the vaccine (y.v. svitkin, s.v. maslova, and v.i. agol, 1985, virology 147, 243-252). here we attempted to evaluate the contribution of each mutation in the genome of the vaccine to this translation deficiency. recombina ... | 1990 | 2155504 |
| enhancement of enterovirus infectivity in vitro by pretreating host cell monolayers with the cationic polymer polyethyleneimine. | laboratory strains of enteroviruses, as well as viruses isolated from raw wastewater, were found to exhibit enhanced infectivity in vitro when bgm cell monolayers were pretreated with the cationic polymer polyethyleneimine (pei). viruses were assayed by the cytopathic effect technique and as pfu under methylcellulose and agar overlays with monolayers treated with 0 to 5.0 x 10(-3)% (wt/vol) pei in phosphate-buffered saline supplemented with 2% fetal bovine serum. poliovirus type 1 cytopathic eff ... | 1990 | 2155576 |
| evidence for poliovirus-induced cytoplasmic alkalinization in hela cells. | during the early period after poliovirus infection of hela cells, cellular na+/k+ atpase activity is transiently activated. we investigated the possibility that na+/k+ atpase activation is a consequence of na+/h+ antiporter activation. increased uptake of the weak organic acid 5,5-dimethyloxazolidine-2,4-dione by infected cells around 2 h after infection suggested cytoplasmic alkalinization equivalent to ph 7.7 during the biosynthetic phase of viral replication. consistent with the involvement o ... | 1990 | 2155910 |
| specific detection of enteroviruses in clinical samples by molecular hybridization using poliovirus subgenomic riboprobes. | enteroviruses were specifically detected in crude clinical specimens or in cell cultures in which the viruses were amplified by dot hybridization by using poliovirus type 1-derived, subgenomic radiolabeled crna probes (riboprobes). the sensitivity of this test varied from 2.5 to 33%, when clinical specimens without cell culture were examined, and was about 85% in cell culture lysates. the specificity of the test was 90 to 100%. the riboprobe corresponding to the 5'-noncoding sequence specificall ... | 1990 | 2155917 |
| construction of recombinant dna molecules by the use of a single stranded dna generated by the polymerase chain reaction: its application to chimeric hepatitis a virus/poliovirus subgenomic cdna. | in order to study the importance of vp4 in picornavirus replication and translation, we replaced the hepatitis a virus (hav) vp4 with the poliovirus (pv1) vp4. using a modification of oligonucleotide site directed mutagenesis and the polymerase chain reaction (pcr), we created a subgenomic cdna chimera of hepatitis a virus in which the precise sequences coding for hav vp4 capsid protein were replaced by the sequences coding for the poliovirus vp4 capsid protein. the method involved the use of pc ... | 1990 | 2156236 |
| effect of enteroviruses on adherence to and invasion of hep-2 cells by campylobacter isolates. | coinfection of hep-2 epithelial cells with coxsackievirus b3, echovirus 7, poliovirus (lsc type 1), porcine enterovirus, and campylobacter isolates was performed to determine if a synergistic effect could be obtained. the invasiveness of campylobacter jejuni atcc 33560 was significantly increased for hep-2 cells preinfected with echovirus 7, coxsackievirus b3, and uv-inactivated (noninfectious) coxsackievirus b3 particles. additionally, the invasiveness of c. jejuni m96, a clinical isolate, was ... | 1990 | 2156779 |
| complete nucleotide sequence of infectious coxsackievirus b3 cdna: two initial 5' uridine residues are regained during plus-strand rna synthesis. | a full-length reverse-transcribed, infectious cdna copy of coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3) was used to determine the nucleotide sequence of this cardiotropic enterovirus. comparison of the nucleotide sequence and the deduced amino acid sequence of the viral precursor polyprotein with the sequences of other group b coxsackieviruses (cvb1 and cvb4) demonstrates a high degree of genetic identity. they share about 80% homology at the nucleotide level and about 90% when the amino acid sequences of the polyp ... | 1990 | 2157045 |
| a mutant poliovirus containing a novel proteolytic cleavage site in vp3 is altered in viral maturation. | a six-amino-acid insertion containing a q-g amino acid pair was introduced into the carboxy terminus of the capsid protein vp3 (between residues 236 and 237). transfection of monkey cells with full-length poliovirus cdna containing the insertion described above yields a mutant virus (sel-1c-02) in which cleavage occurs almost entirely at the inserted q-g amino acid pair instead of at the wild-type vp3-vp1 cleavage site. mutant sel-1c-02 is delayed in the kinetics of virus production at 39 degree ... | 1990 | 2157059 |
| induction of virus-neutralizing antibodies by bacteria expressing the c3 poliovirus epitope in the periplasm. the route of immunization influences the isotypic distribution and the biologic activity of the antipoliovirus antibodies. | two viral epitopes (c3 neutralization epitope from poliovirus type 1 and the 132-145 peptide from the pres2 region from hepatitis b virus) have been expressed in the escherichia coli periplasm as protein fusion with the maltose binding protein (male protein). immunization of mice with live bacteria expressing the foreign viral epitopes in their periplasm elicited high antibody titers against the viral peptide as well as against the corresponding virus. this demonstrates for the first time in the ... | 1990 | 2157762 |
| cell-induced conformational change in poliovirus: externalization of the amino terminus of vp1 is responsible for liposome binding. | upon attachment to susceptible cells, poliovirus and a number of other picornaviruses undergo conformational transitions which result in changes in antigenicity, increased protease sensitivity, the loss of the internal capsid protein vp4, and a loss of the ability to attach to cells. these conformationally altered particles have been characterized by using a number of sequence-specific probes, including two proteases, a panel of antiviral monoclonal antibodies, and a panel of antisera against sy ... | 1990 | 2157861 |
| myristoylation of the poliovirus polyprotein is required for proteolytic processing of the capsid and for viral infectivity. | the poliovirus polyprotein is cotranslationally linked to myristic acid at its amino-terminal glycine residue. we investigated the role of myristoylation in the viral replication cycle by site-directed mutagenesis of this glycine codon. synthetic full-length rna transcripts carrying a gly-to-ala mutation (g4002a) gave no infectious virus on transfection into permissive cells (hela). however, mutant viral rna was replicated in the transfected cells, albeit at a reduced level. the virus-specific p ... | 1990 | 2157900 |
| variations in cap-binding complexes from uninfected and poliovirus-infected hela cells. | poliovirus infection of hela cells results in cleavage of the p220 subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor eif-4f and inhibits cap-dependent initiation of protein synthesis. to examine the effect of virus-induced inhibition on the structure of initiation factor complexes involved in cap binding, the polypeptide compositions of cap affinity-purified complexes from uninfected and poliovirus-infected hela cells were analyzed. monoclonal antibodies directed against p220 and an eif-3 subunit, p170, w ... | 1990 | 2159001 |
| activities and mechanisms of action of halogen-substituted flavanoids against poliovirus type 2 infection in vitro. | the effects of some halogen-substituted flavanoids (dichloroflavan, halogenated isoflavans, and isoflavenes) on poliovirus type 2 infection was examined. only two isoflavenes exhibited a significant inhibitory activity on the virus-induced cytopathic effect and plaque formation. in a single cycle of viral replication, both compounds reduced the viral yield by approximately 90%. the presence of the isoflavenes from the beginning of infection or during the adsorption period only prevented the shut ... | 1990 | 2159258 |
| echovirus 22 is an atypical enterovirus. | although echovirus 22 (ev22) is classified as an enterovirus in the family picornaviridae, it is atypical of the enterovirus paradigm, typified by the polioviruses and the coxsackie b viruses. cdna reverse transcribed from coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3) rna does not hybridize to genomic rna of ev22, and conversely, cdna made to ev22 does not hybridize to cvb3 genomic rna or to molecular clones of cvb3 or poliovirus type 1. ev22 cdna does not hybridize to viral rna of encephalomyocarditis virus or to a ... | 1990 | 2159539 |
| characterization of poliovirus clones containing lethal and nonlethal mutations in the genome-linked protein vpg. | viral rna synthesis was assayed in hela cells transfected with nonviable poliovirus rna mutated in the genome-linked protein vpg-coding region. the transfecting rna was transcribed in vitro from full-length poliovirus type 1 (mahoney) cdna containing a vpg mutagenesis cartridge. hybridization experiments using ribonucleotide probes specific for the 3' end of positive- and negative-sense poliovirus rna indicated that all mutant rnas encoding a linking tyrosine in position 3 or 4 of vpg were repli ... | 1990 | 2159557 |
| papular and papulovesicular acrolocated eruptions and viral infections. | twenty-six children with a symmetric papular or papulovesicular acrolocated eruption were studied to evaluate a possible link with viral infection. a history of a recent immunization was present in four patients, two of whom had a polio vaccine virus isolated from their stool samples. there was serologic evidence of a recent epstein-barr virus infection in one patient, adenovirus infection in another, a concurrent epstein-barr virus and adenovirus infection in a third, and cytomegalovirus infect ... | 1990 | 2160656 |
| substrate requirements of human rhinovirus 3c protease for peptide cleavage in vitro. | a series of synthetic peptides representing authentic proteolytic cleavage sites of human rhinovirus type 14 were assayed as substrates for purified 3c protease. competition cleavage assays were employed to determine the relative specificity constants (kcat/km) for substrates with sequences related to the viral 2c-3a cleavage site. variable length peptides representing the 2c-3a cleavage site were cleaved with comparable efficiency. these studies defined a minimum substrate of 6 amino acids (tlf ... | 1990 | 2160953 |
| phospholipid biosynthesis and poliovirus genome replication, two coupled phenomena. | poliovirus infection leads to an increase of phospholipid synthesis and the proliferation of new membranes, giving rise to a great number of cytoplasmic vesicles in the infected cells. viral rna replication is physically associated with these newly-synthesized membranes. cerulenin, an inhibitor of lipid biosynthesis, effectively blocks the growth of poliovirus in hela cells. the presence of cerulenin after virus entry prevents the synthesis of poliovirus proteins. however, if this antibiotic is ... | 1990 | 2161336 |
| the 15 amino acid residues preceding the amino terminus of the envelope protein in the yellow fever virus polyprotein precursor act as a signal peptide. | the 15 amino acids which precede the sequence of the envelope (e) protein in the yellow fever virus (yfv) polyprotein precursor have been proposed to function as a signal peptide for the e protein (p. desprès a. cahour, c. wychowski, m. girard and m. bouloy; ann. inst. pasteur/virol., 139, 59-67, 1988). to confirm this hypothesis, recombinant sv40 genomes were constructed in which the sequence of the e protein, or that of the poliovirus vp0 capsid polypeptide were placed immediately downstream o ... | 1990 | 2161594 |
| how to predict the immune status of poliovirus vaccinees? a comparison of virus neutralization at a very low serum dilution versus elisa in a cohort of infants. | a cohort of children from gaza was observed from birth to the age of one year. blood specimens were collected at birth, before and after poliovirus vaccination and at one year of age. poliovirus immunity before and after vaccination was assessed by elisa and virus neutralization (nt). positive predictive values for elisa were between 81.5% and 90.8%. however, elisa revealed a high frequency of false negatives, and unacceptably low negative predictive values between 28.6% and 55.4%. the history o ... | 1990 | 2161806 |
| presumptive identification of enteroviruses with rd, hep-2, and rmk cell lines. | the limited supply of the lim benyesh-melnick antiserum pools for the typing of enteroviruses has made this test inappropriate for routine use in most clinical laboratories. we studied the correlation between the enterovirus groups and the cell lines on which they displayed cytopathic effect in order to make identifications without using the neutralization test. this study indicated that a presumptive identification of the enterovirus group could be made on the basis of characteristic cytopathic ... | 1990 | 2161864 |
| molecular detection and identification of enteroviruses using enzymatic amplification and nucleic acid hybridization. | analysis of enteroviral genomes has revealed that the 5' nontranslated region is highly conserved, providing consensus sequences for the design of oligonucleotides which should anneal to most, if not all, human enteroviral rnas. we designed and used a pair of such generic primers to enzymatically amplify cdna from coxsackievirus group b types 1 through 6, poliovirus types 1 through 3, 4 coxsackievirus a types, and 29 echoviruses. the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) products generated with these ... | 1990 | 2161866 |
| gross rearrangements within the 5'-untranslated region of the picornaviral genomes. | an analysis of reported nucleotide sequences revealed several cases of gross rearrangements in the 5'-untranslated region (5-utr) of picornaviral genomes. a large (greater than 100 nt) duplication was discovered in a downstream region of poliovirus 5-utr involved in the translational control. properties of the poliovirus mutants with large deletions [kuge and nomoto (1987) j. virol. 61, 1478-1487] show that a single copy of the appropriate repeating unit is compatible with a wild type phenotype ... | 1990 | 2162521 |
| search for "in vitro" antiviral activity of a new isoflavonic glycoside from ulex europaeus. | extracts from ulex europaeus l. (fabaceae) were tested for antiviral activity against hsv-1 and poliovirus. it was found that the n-butanolic extract significantly inhibited the replication of these viruses, as shown by inhibition of cytophathic effects and reduction of plaques; the extract has neither a prophylactic nor a virucidal activity. from this extract has been isolated and identified by chromatographic, chemical, and spectroscopic methods, the 5-o-methylgenistein 7-o-beta d-glucopyranos ... | 1990 | 2162546 |
| incubation of poliomyelitis as calculated from the time of entry into the central nervous system via the peripheral nerve pathways. | a new theory of how poliovirus reaches the central nervous system (cns)--that it enters at many peripheral nerve endings with passage along nerve pathways to the cns, with limited dispersal in the cns--is used in making predictions of incubation periods, and these are compared with data from the literature and with predictions from other theories. the virus transit speed along the nerve of 2.4 mm/h has been used in calculating the incubation time. the calculated incubation time for cutter vaccin ... | 1990 | 2163095 |
| cell-mediated immune responses to poliovirus ii. survey of delayed hypersensitivity and t-cell proliferative responses in inbred mouse strains. | some epidemiological reports suggest a human genetic predisposition for susceptibility to the development of paralytic poliomyelitis. in a previous study of cell-mediated immune responses by mice to poliovirus (pv), we showed differences in the responses by balb/c and c57bl/6 (b6) mice. the present study is a further analysis of the delayed hypersensitivity (dth) and t cell proliferative (tprlf) responses to pv in 17 different inbred strains of mice, to determine if these responses were under ma ... | 1990 | 2163256 |
| variation in intracellular p1p4-bis(5'-adenosyl) tetraphosphate (ap4a) in virus-infected cells. | the effect of virus infection on the intracellular concentration of the proposed stress alarmone p1p4-bis(5'-adenosyl) tetraphosphate (ap4a) has been examined in vero cells. compared with exposure to 0.8 mm-cd2+, which causes a 30-fold increase in ap4a, infection with simian virus 40 and poliovirus causes only a 2-fold increase, whereas herpes simplex virus type 1 results in a decrease in ap4a during the course of the infection. | 1990 | 2163623 |
| experiments on antiviral activity of hand disinfectants. some theoretical and practical considerations. | various members of the picornavirus family, adenovirus 2, papovavirus sv40, as well as rotaviruses were tested for inactivation of infectivity by hand disinfectants formulated on the basis of ethanol. the inactivating effect of povidine-iodine (betaisodona) on enteroviruses and rotaviruses was also investigated. the degree of inactivation by these disinfectants on the various non-enveloped viruses studied, however, was found unpredictable. in fact, striking differences with the very same disinfe ... | 1990 | 2163645 |
| kinetics of poliovirus uncoating in hela cells in a nonacidic environment. | lysis of hela cells infected with poliovirus revealed intact virus; 135s particles, devoid of vp4 but containing the viral rna; and 80s empty capsids. during infection the kinetics of poliovirus uncoating showed a continuous decrease of intact virus, while the number of 135s particles and empty shells increased. after 1.5 h of infection conformational transition to altered particles resulted in complete disappearance of intact virions. to investigate the mechanism of poliovirus uncoating, which ... | 1990 | 2164587 |
| creation of targets for proteolytic cleavage in the lamb protein of e coli k12 by genetic insertion of foreign sequences: implications for topological studies. | lamb, an integral outer membrane protein of e coli k12, is highly resistant to protease digestion. we had previously genetically inserted a foreign sequence corresponding to an epitope from the poliovirus next to amino acids 146, 153, 189, and 374 of lamb. in 3 cases (sites 146, 153, 374), insertion of the foreign peptide did not extensively affect the functions of lamb (and therefore folding). in 2 cases (sites 146 and 374) the polio virus epitope was detectable on the bacterial surface with a ... | 1990 | 2165820 |
| [poliovirus separation by centrifugation in percoll isopycnic gradients]. | centrifugation in percoll isopycnic gradients is reported as effective and simple method for separation and purification of polioviruses. by this method, not only may one separate poliovirus from simian virus 40 (sv40), but also may separate empty virions from solid virions of poliovirus. the bouyant density in percoll of solid virion of poliovirus, empty virion of poliovirus and sv40 are 1.084, 1.051 and 1.13, respectively. the recovery rate of virus is about 65%. | 1990 | 2165876 |
| kcl potentiation of the virucidal effectiveness of free chlorine at ph 9.0. | in studies at 5 degrees c and ph 9.0, poliovirus 1 was inactivated about 15 times more rapidly by free chlorine (fc) in purified water in the presence of 1,262 mg of kcl per liter (approximately 0.0169 m) than in the absence of kcl. in the presence of 526 mg of kcl per liter, the virus was inactivated about seven times more rapidly by fc than in the absence of kcl. at a level of 21 mg/liter, kcl did not significantly potentiate the virucidal activity of fc in purified water. although poliovirus ... | 1990 | 2166468 |
| latex and vinyl nonsterile examination gloves: status report on laboratory evaluation of defects by physical and biological methods. | we have reported previously (h. r. kotilainen, j. p. brinker, j. l. avato, and n. m. gantz, arch. intern. med. 149:2749-2753, 1989) that the quality of nonsterile examination gloves available for clinical use may be extremely variable. in view of the concern over human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis b virus transmission to health care workers, the continuing variability of gloves available for use, and the need for a simple and safe test, we have evaluated 2,500 vinyl (five brands) and 2,0 ... | 1990 | 2166469 |
| guidelines of bundesgesundheitsamt (bga; german federal health office) and deutsche vereinigung zur bekämpfung der viruskrankheiten e.v. (dvv; german association for the control of virus diseases) for testing the effectiveness of chemical disinfectants against viruses. | | 1990 | 2166529 |
| lack of myristoylation of poliovirus capsid polypeptide vp0 prevents the formation of virions or results in the assembly of noninfectious virus particles. | we previously described the generation of a set of mutations into a cdna of poliovirus type 1 in the myristoylation signal of the capsid polypeptide vp4 (d. marc, g. drugeon, a.-l. haenni, m. girard, and s. van der werf, embo j. 8:2661, 1989). genomic transcripts synthesized in vitro from the mutated cdnas were found to be noninfectious upon transfection of permissive cells, and this property correlated with the lack of vp0 myristoylation in vivo. in the study presented here, we analyzed the ass ... | 1990 | 2166807 |
| role of soluble cytokines on the restricted replication of poliovirus in the monocytic u937 cell line. | poliovirus infection of monocytic u937 cells is characterized by an incomplete shut-off of host protein synthesis occurring at late times postinfection and by a slow accumulation of viral mrna which is not efficiently translated. by using exogenous cytokines, neutralizing antibodies to different cytokines and specific cdna probes, we have studied the involvement of soluble factors on the restricted replication of poliovirus in u937 cells. our results show that both ifn-gamma and tnf-alpha mrna l ... | 1990 | 2166982 |
| synthesis of functional mrna in mammalian cells by bacteriophage t3 rna polymerase. | we found that the 5' nontranslated leader sequence from encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) allowed transcripts that were synthesized by the t3 rna polymerase in mammalian cells to be translated in a cap-independent fashion. stable mouse cell lines that carry the t3 rna polymerase gene expressed the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) gene under the control of a phage promoter when the cat gene was fused to the emcv leader and introduced into the cells by transient dna uptake. the level of gen ... | 1990 | 2167433 |
| synthesis of foot-and-mouth disease virus capsid proteins in insect cells using baculovirus expression vectors. | foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) cdna cassettes containing sequences encoding the capsid precursor p1-2a with and without those encoding the proteases l and 3c were introduced into autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv) expression vectors. procapsid proteins 1ab, 1c and 1d were produced in cells infected with recombinant baculoviruses, when l and 3c were present in the constructs, indicating that these fmdv proteases were active in insect cells. unlike p1 processing in pol ... | 1990 | 2167924 |
| 6-(3,4-dichlorophenoxy)-3-(ethylthio)-2-pyridincarbonitrile inhibits poliovirus uncoating. | we investigated the mode of action of 6-(3,4-dichlorophenoxy-3-(ethylthio)-2-pyridincarbonitrile against poliovirus. this agent effectively blocked the synthesis of poliovirus proteins and rna when it was added at the beginning of infection. poliovirus attachment and internalization into hela cells were not inhibited in the presence of the compound; poliovirus uncoating was the target of its activity. | 1990 | 2168147 |
| species-specific substrate interaction of picornavirus 3c proteinase suballelic exchange mutants. | the substrate recognition properties of the polio-virus type 1 and coxsackievirus b3 3c proteinases have been examined in vitro by allelic and suballelic exchange of 3c between the cloned virus genomes. the activity of the altered 3c proteinases was examined by translation of synthetic rna in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate/hela cell extract translation system. analysis of the subsequent processing of virus polyproteins by the altered 3c proteinases showed that all of the mutant proteinases maintai ... | 1990 | 2168426 |
| neutralization of poliovirus by cell receptors expressed in insect cells. | to examine the interaction of the poliovirus receptor (pvr) with virus and the role of the pvr in virus entry, the pvr was expressed in insect cells. poliovirus bound to insect cells infected with a recombinant baculovirus (acpvr) carrying cdna encoding the pvr. antibodies raised against pvr expressed in bacteria immunoprecipitated a 67-kilodalton polypeptide from cytoplasmic extracts of acpvr-infected cells. treatment of acpvr-infected cells with tunicamycin revealed that the pvr is a glycoprot ... | 1990 | 2168959 |
| mapping of mutations associated with neurovirulence in monkeys infected with sabin 1 poliovirus revertants selected at high temperature. | poliovirus type 1 neurovirulence is difficult to analyze because of the 56 mutations which differentiate the neurovirulent mahoney strain from the attenuated sabin strain. we have isolated four neurovirulent mutants which differ from the temperature-sensitive parental sabin 1 strain by only a few mutations, using selection for temperature resistance: mutant s(1)37c1 was isolated at 37.5 degrees c, s(1)38c5 was isolated at 38.5 degrees c, and s(1)39c6 and s(1)39c10 were isolated at 39.5 degrees c ... | 1990 | 2168976 |
| sociodemographic correlates of neutralizing poliovirus and hepatitis a virus antibodies as markers of different modes of acquiring immunity. | the prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of antibodies against poliovirus and hepatitis a virus (hav) were compared in a random sample of 457 military recruits in israel inducted during 1987. lower socioeconomic status (ses) was associated with a higher prevalence of anti-hav antibodies (67.3 vs 32.5 percent), whereas the reverse was true for type 1 poliovirus (78.4 vs 89.5 percent). while the high prevalence of anti-hav antibodies observed in the lower ses groups reflects considerable nat ... | 1990 | 2169209 |
| cell receptors for picornaviruses. | | 1990 | 2169381 |
| poliovirus rna replication. | | 1990 | 2169386 |
| response to trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine with and without immune serum globulin in young adults in israel in 1988. | fifteen cases of type 1 paralytic poliomyelitis occurred in august 1988, mainly among young adults in the jewish population of israel, where vaccine coverage exceeds 90%. the military forces, as a precaution against further spread of the virus, vaccinated all recruits in late september. they received oral poliovirus vaccine (opv) simultaneously with prophylactic immune serum globulin (isg) to protect against hepatitis a virus infection. since it is generally not recommended to administer live va ... | 1990 | 2169502 |
| [susceptibility of immunocompetent cells to animal viruses]. | the infection of several cell lines of the immune system by animal viruses has been studied. in general, those cell lines derived either from the myeloid or from the lymphoid differentiation pathways were poorly affected by these viruses. only semliki forest virus (sfv) and poliovirus were able to replicate in most of the cell lines assayed, inhibiting the cellular protein synthesis. however, this inhibition was not accompanied by a significant expression of viral proteins. these effects were no ... | 1990 | 2169767 |
| translation initiation factor-dependent extracts from saccharomyces cerevisiae. | translation initiation factor 4a- and 4e-dependent extracts were developed from saccharomyces cerevisiae and used to study factor requirements for translation of individual mrnas in vitro. whereas all mrnas tested required eif-4a, mrnas devoid of secondary structure in their 5' untranslated region did not require exogenous eif-4e for translation. the latter included alfalfa mosaic virus rna4, mrna containing the untranslated region of tobacco mosaic virus rna and mrna containing part of the untr ... | 1990 | 2169890 |
| transgenic mice expressing a human poliovirus receptor: a new model for poliomyelitis. | a human poliovirus receptor (pvr) gene was used to generate transgenic mice that express pvr transcripts and poliovirus binding sites in a wide range of tissues. intracerebral inoculation of pvr transgenic mice with poliovirus type 1, mahoney strain, resulted in viral replication in the brain and spinal cord and development of paralytic poliomyelitis. p1/mahoney did not replicate or cause paralysis in nontransgenic mice. pvr transgenic mice failed to develop clinical disease when inoculated intr ... | 1990 | 2170026 |
| a functional ribonucleoprotein complex forms around the 5' end of poliovirus rna. | the existence of a computer-predicted cloverleaf structure for the first 100 nucleotides at the 5' end of poliovirus rna was verified by site-directed mutagenesis and by chemical and rnaase probing. mutations that modified the cloverleaf in the positive strand but not the negative strand were lethal to the virus. this rna cloverleaf structure binds a cellular protein and the viral proteins 3cpro and 3dpol. mutations in specific regions of the rna cloverleaf prevented this binding. mutations in e ... | 1990 | 2170027 |
| the poliovirus receptor protein is produced both as membrane-bound and secreted forms. | both genomic and complementary dna clones encoding poliovirus receptors were isolated from genomic and complementary dna libraries prepared from hela s3 cells, respectively. nucleotide sequence analysis of these cloned dnas revealed that the poliovirus receptor gene is approximately 20 kb long and contains seven introns in the coding region, and that at least four mrna isoforms referring to the coding sequence are generated by alternative splicing and appear to encode four different molecules, t ... | 1990 | 2170108 |
| apolipoprotein a-i and its amphipathic helix peptide analogues inhibit human immunodeficiency virus-induced syncytium formation. | the envelope (membrane) glycoprotein of hiv is essential for virus attachment and entry into host cells. additionally, when expressed on the plasma membrane of infected cells, the envelope protein is responsible for mediating cell-cell fusion which leads to the formation of multinucleated giant cells, one of the major cytopathic effects of hiv infections. the envelope glycoproteins of hiv contain regions that can fold into amphipathic alpha-helixes, and these regions have been suggested to play ... | 1990 | 2170446 |
| using different sorbents for the concentration of enteroviruses. | comparative investigations were carried out to evaluate the efficiency of concentration (ec) of enteroviruses (poliovirus type 1 and simian rotavirus sa-11) using macroporous glass (brands mpg-1000 vgkh, ussr, and so1, czechoslovakia) and membrane filters (mf): (nitrocellulose pnts 0.45, ussr, millipore hawp 0.45, usa, synpor 0.45, czechoslovakia as well as polycapromide mf pall 0.2, frg, and fmpa 0.55, ussr). to assess the sorption properties of filters, poliovirus preparations and rabbit serum ... | 1990 | 2170506 |
| detection and differentiation of picornaviruses in clinical samples following genomic amplification. | a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay was used to detect and differentiate picornaviruses (pvs), using primers homologous to the 5' non-coding and vp2 regions of the pv genome. the pcr resulted in a 530 bp pcr product for human rhinoviruses (hrvs) and a 650 bp product for polioviruses, coxsackieviruses (cv) or echoviruses. the pcr assay could detect as little as 1 p.f.u. of virus in either cerebrospinal fluid (csf) or stool, using ethidium bromide-stained gels. standard strains of poliovirus, ... | 1990 | 2170576 |
| mumps, enteroviruses, and human acute pancreatitis. | the presence of mumps virus and enterovirus rna was studied by in situ hybridization in 15 surgical biopsy specimens from patients with acute pancreatitis. 35s-labeled crna probes, detecting the 5' end of the poliovirus type 3, a 1.1-kb fragment of the polymerase gene region of coxsackievirus b3, and mumps virus mrna, encoding the nucleocapsid protein, were used. the controls consisted of mumps virus-infected and uninfected cultured cells, normal human and mouse pancreatic tissue, and mouse tiss ... | 1990 | 2171134 |
| a new antigenic site of poliovirus recognized by an intertypic cross-neutralizing monoclonal antibody. | a monoclonal antibody (mab 7j6) neutralizing poliovirus type 2 (pv2) and poliovirus type 1 (pv1) was obtained after immunization of balb/c mice with infectious pv2, strain mef-1. preincubation of mab 7j6 with pv1 inhibited its binding to pv2 and vice versa. neutralization-resistant variants of pv2 and pv1 were selected. nucleotide sequencing of the rnas of some variants revealed mutations in the loop of amino acid residues 239 to 245 in vp2 and in the loop of amino acid residues 195 to 207 in vp ... | 1990 | 2171198 |
| [the molecular epidemiology of poliomyelitis: the characteristics of the strains isolated from patients in moscow in 1973-1986]. | eleven virus strains isolated from poliomyelitis patients in moscow in 1973-1986 were analyzed by the method of oligonucleotide mapping of rna. the genome of the isolates showed considerable similarity to the genomes of sabin's vaccine strains and mainly to the vaccine strain of antigenic type 2. the conclusion was made that the sporadic cases of poliomyelitis registered in this region were etiologically linked with the vaccine strains of poliomyelitis virus. only in one case the disease appeare ... | 1990 | 2171252 |
| successful competition in translation by the flavivirus kunjin with poliovirus during co-infections in vero cells. | infection with poliovirus effectively inhibited the translation of vero cell messengers (carrying type 1 or type 2 caps at the 5' end) and of influenza virus messengers (type 1 caps) in co-infections. in contrast, kunjin virus rna (type 1 caps) and semliki forest virus rna (a togavirus, with type 0 caps) continued to be translated in the presence of co-infecting poliovirus. translation of kunjin virus rna was also unaffected during co-infections with either influenza virus or semliki forest viru ... | 1990 | 2171465 |
| [the presence of enterovirus in species of shellfish and fish]. | enteroviruses were isolated from 12% of the digestive tract samples collected from anodonta cygnea (9.4%) and dreysena polymorpha (13.2%) shell species and from 8.4% of the branchiae sample from fish species rutilus rutilus, perca fluviatilis and silurus glanis. the isolated belonged to the following antigenic types: echo 2 and 7, coxsackie b 2, 4 and 6, and poliovirus 1 and 2. | 1990 | 2171625 |
| inhibition of the uncoating of bovine enterovirus by short chain fatty acids. | short chain fatty acids inhibit the replication of bovine enterovirus but are almost ineffective against poliovirus type 1, coxsackievirus b5, encephalomyocarditis virus and human rhinovirus 1b. lauric acid binds to bovine enterovirus, thereby stabilizing the virus particle to heat degradation. fatty acid-bound virions attach to susceptible cells but fail to undergo cell-mediated uncoating. the inhibitory effect is reversible with chloroform and may result from a hydrophobic interaction between ... | 1990 | 2172446 |
| in situ detection of enterovirus genomes in mouse myocardial tissue by ribonucleic acid probes. | we have applied a sensitive in situ hybridization method for the detection of coxsackievirus rna in myocardial tissue. two radioactive crna probes were used: an rna transcript representing the 5' end of poliovirus 3 which recognizes a highly conserved region among enteroviruses and an rna transcript of a 1.1 kb fragment from the polymerase gene region of coxsackievirus b3. the reactivity of these probes was tested by dot-blot hybridization against a panel of enteroviruses. formaldehyde-fixed and ... | 1990 | 2172652 |
| heterogeneous expression of poliovirus receptor-related proteins in human cells and tissues. | portions of the cellular receptor for poliovirus were expressed in escherichia coli as fusion proteins with the product of the trpe gene. one of two antireceptor antisera obtained by immunizing rabbits with the fusion proteins blocked poliovirus infection. western immunoblot analyses demonstrated that poliovirus receptor-related proteins were expressed in hela cells and a variety of human tissues, including those that are not sites of poliovirus replication. tissue-specific variation in electrop ... | 1990 | 2172783 |
| removal of pathogenic human viruses by insoluble pyridinium-type resin. | cross-linked poly(n-benzyl-4-vinylpyridinium bromide) (bvp resin) was found to be very efficient in removing pathogenic human viruses from aqueous solution. in batch removal experiments using 50 g/l of bvp resin at 35 degrees c, the level of infectivity in suspensions of enterovirus, herpes simplex virus, poliovirus, and human immunodeficiency virus was reduced 1000-100,000 fold during a 2 h period. those of coxsackievirus and echovirus were reduced 60-600 fold during 1 h contact. the haemagglut ... | 1990 | 2174373 |
| vaccination status and seroprevalence of measles and polio antibodies in 1-6-year-old children in the elim health ward of gazankulu. | seroprevalence was used to evaluate the vaccination programme in the elim health ward of gazankulu. antibodies to measles and polio were measured in 1-6-year-old children together with vaccination status. in 224 children studied using a cluster sampling technique, vaccine coverage was found to be 86% for measles and over 90% for polio and diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus. it was difficult to determine vaccine failure rates accurately; 21% of children were seronegative after having received meas ... | 1990 | 2174579 |
| cleavage specificity of the poliovirus 3c protease is not restricted to gln-gly at the 3c/3d junction. | the 3c protease of poliovirus is distinguished from that of all other picornaviruses in that it only cleaves at gln-gly amino acid pairs within the viral polyprotein. to determine whether this strict cleavage specificity is an intrinsic property of the poliovirus 3c protease, amino acid substitutions were introduced at one of the gln-gly cleavage sites. oligonucleotide-directed site-specific mutagenesis of an infectious poliovirus type 1 (mahoney strain) cdna was used to change the gln-gly site ... | 1990 | 2174954 |
| immunoelectron microscopy on the topographical distribution of the poliovirus receptor. | the topographical distribution of the poliovirus receptor on the cell surface was demonstrated by immunoelectron microscopy using monoclonal antibodies and immunogold markers. the receptor appeared in small clusters, which were randomly distributed over the cell surface and along cellular processes. the distribution pattern of the clusters corresponded to that of absorbed and immunogold-labelled poliovirus particles and suggests a multivalent organization of poliovirus binding sites. freeze-frac ... | 1990 | 2174964 |
| common structures of the 5' non-coding rna in enteroviruses and rhinoviruses. thermodynamical stability and statistical significance. | a total of 4051 suboptimal secondary structures are predicted by folding the 5' non-coding region of ten polioviruses, five human rhinoviruses and three coxsackieviruses using our new suboptimal folding algorithm for the prediction of both optimal and suboptimal rna secondary structures. a comparative analysis of these rna secondary structures reveals the conservation of common secondary structure that can be supported by phylogenetic data. the thermodynamic stability and statistical significanc ... | 1990 | 2175364 |