| [method of milk processing for detecting the poliomyelitis virus]. | | 1978 | 214962 |
| inhibition of translation by poliovirus: inactivation of a specific initiation factor. | translation of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) mrna, like host mrna translation, is inhibited in cells infected with poliovirus. to study the mechanism of poliovirus-induced inhibition of protein synthesis, we prepared extracts from poliovirus-infected and uninfected hela cells. poliovirus mrna was translated in lysates from both infected and uninfected cells, while vsv mrna was translated only in the lysate from uninfected cells. addition of purified translation initiation factors to the extra ... | 1978 | 208073 |
| endoribonuclease activity associated with animal rna viruses. | a specific endoribonucleolytic activity was detected when detergent-lysed vesicular stomatitis of sendai virus was incubated with the precursor to escherichia coli trna tyr. the cleavage products produced and the characteristics of the reaction were similar to those previously reported for human kb cell rnase nu. like rnase nu, the virus-associated reaction generates 5'-hydroxyl and 3'-phosphate groups at the cleavage sites. at protein concentrations similar to those used to test vesicular stoma ... | 1978 | 202740 |
| the viral etiology of acute respiratory infections in children in uganda. | the role of viruses in respiratory diseases of young children in uganda was studied. a viral etiology was established in 36% of the infections investigated. the most important pathogens were found to be respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza viruses, which were responsible for 26% of infections investigated. they caused both upper and lower respiratory tract diseases. there was little or no seasonal variation in the etiology of these infections. adenoviruses were found to be less importan ... | 1977 | 201391 |
| peptide-chain initiation with lsc poliovirus is intrinsically more resistant to hypertonic environment than is peptide-chain initiation with mahoney virus and deletion mutants of mahoney virus. | peptide-chain initiation with lsc poliovirus was more resistant to hypertonic medium than peptide-chain initiation with mahoney poliovirus. protein synthesis of lsc virus retained its relative resistance to high osmolarity created by the addition of excess nacl to the medium in cells coinfected with mahoney virus. the data indicate that peptide-chain initiation with lsc virus is intrinsically more resistant to high osmolarity than that of mahoney virus rather than reflecting different permeabili ... | 1978 | 215776 |
| poliovirus removal from primary and secondary sewage effluent by soil filtration. | adsorption of poliovirus from primary sewage effluent was similar to that from secondary sewage effluent in both batch soil studies and experiments with soil columns 240 cm long. virus desorption by distilled water was also similar in a soil column that had been flooded with either primary or secondary effluent seeded with virus. these results indicated that absorption of poliovirus from primary effluent and virus movement through the soil were not affected by the higher organic content of prima ... | 1978 | 211936 |
| wescodyne: lack of activity against poliovirus in the presence of organic matter. | the national institute of health guidelines for recombinant dna research recommends 2% aqueous wescodyne, an iodophore that is used in many hospitals and laboratories as a disinfectant, as a decontaminant for biological safety cabinets and 5% for a spill outside a cabinet. a contact time of 10 to 15 minutes was given for the 2% solution and 20 minutes was considered adequate for the 5% concentration. the results indicate: 1. aqueous wescodyne (5%) is ineffective when used for 80 minutes against ... | 1978 | 212387 |
| [several characteristics of new strains of diploid green marmoset fibroblasts]. | two strains of diploid fibroblasts were derived from green monkey fetal lungs and their main properties were studied. these strains were shown not to differ principally from the well studied human diploid fibroblasts. the derived cultures are free from contaminating viruses. the titers of attenuated poliomyelitis virus strains achieved in green monkey diploid cells are comparable to those in primary cultures of green monkey kidneys. the possiblity of using green monkey diploid fibroblasts in vir ... | 1978 | 216152 |
| poliovirus single-stranded rna and double-stranded rna: differential infectivity in enucleate cells. | the ability of poliovirus virion rna and double-stranded rna (replicative form) to replicate in enucleate mouse l cells was investigated. virion rna replicated successfully in the absence of the cell nucleus, whereas replicative form infection did not produce any detectable progeny in enucleate cells. the results provide direct evidence of a nuclear requirement early in the infection initiated by replicative form rna. | 1978 | 212582 |
| two initiation sites for translation of poliovirus rna in vitro: comparison of lsc and mahoney strains. | previous studies in our laboratory provided evidence that the initiation of translation by the mahoney strain of poliovirus type 1 rna in vitro occurs at two unique sites. this study shows that the lsc strain of poliovirus type 1, a multistep, temperature-sensitive mutant of the mahoney strain, also utilizes two sites for the initiation of translation in vitro. incorporation of formyl-[35s]methionine into the amino terminus of newly synthesized polypeptides revealed the production of two labeled ... | 1978 | 212609 |
| inhibition of poliovirus replication by a plant antiviral peptide. | | 1977 | 212985 |
| contact inactivation of rna and dna viruses by n-methyl isatin beta-thiosemicarbazone and cuso4. | | 1977 | 212986 |
| [rational method of obtaining sera with a high titre of virus-neutralizing antibodies. report 2]. | in addition to report i (zhmei, 1977, no. 1) a study was made of 9 more schemes of rabbit immunization with the poliomyelitis virus, type i, for the purpose of obtaining the neutralizing sera of high titre. vitamins a and c were used in the experiments in the capacity of the activators of the organism reaction; freund's adjuvant of different make was tested; different reimmunization periods and different amounts of the adjuvant were administered. titration of rabbit sera in the process of immuni ... | 1978 | 208328 |
| [melting and reassociation of double-stranded rna of the encephalomyocarditis virus]. | the processes of melting and reassociation of double-stranded rna in dimethylsulfoxide were studied. the addition of a small amount of licl results in great results in great reduction of tm (temperature of melting), whereas the nacl produces the opposite effect. it is suggested, that licl coordinates the molecules of h2o, reducing their activity, and consequently destabilises dsrna. mild conditions for melting and reassociation of rna can be created. it was found that under optimal conditions fo ... | 1979 | 217455 |
| the immunological response of nigerian infants to attenuated and inactivated poliovaccines. | a comparison was made of the immunity conferred by injected formalin-killed poliomyelitis vaccine and orally administered attenuated poliomyelitis vaccine in nigerian infants under tropical conditions where interfering enteroviruses have caused poor conversion rates with attenuated poliomyelitis vaccine. two hundred and thirty infants completed the immunization schedules. the levels of antibodies to polioviruses were assessed before immunization and at periodic intervals during the trial. sevent ... | 1978 | 208473 |
| inhibition of a complete replication cycle of human cytomegalovirus in actinomycin pre-treated cells. | the study of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) in cultures of human embryo lung fibroblasts, pre-treated with actinomycin d, has shown that under these conditions the virus infection does not proceed beyond the 'early' events of the virus replication cycle. in the same experimental conditions the growth of poliovirus type i, vaccinia virus and herpes simplex type i virus, was completely unaffected. these results suggest that the complete hcmv replication cycle requires some cellular function(s) betwe ... | 1979 | 217966 |
| the possible role of the equestron as an achilles' heel for chemotherapy of picornavirus infections. | | 1977 | 212991 |
| establishment of a persistent measles virus infection in hep-2 cells. | a productive measles virus persistent infection has been established in hep-2 cells. greater than 90% of the persistently infected hep-2 cells (h2mv) exhibited measles specific immunofluorescence and haemadsorption. although most of the h2mv cells contained measles specific antigens, only a small percentage (less than 1%) actually produced infectious measles virus as determined by infectious centre assays. the measles virus produced by h2mv cells exhibited properties different from the initiatin ... | 1978 | 209291 |
| [observation of circulation of poliomyelitis virus in the groups of children vaccinated against poliomyelitis (author's transl)]. | | 1978 | 213196 |
| [network for the epidemiological survey of the enteroviruses in sewage (author's transl)]. | poliomyelitis still occurs each year in france: 27 cases in 1973, 21 cases in each of 1974 and 1975, 8 cases in 1976. because of the risk, a survey of the spread of poliovirus in healthy populations and in sewage was organized by the ministry of health according to the departmental note dgs/hp/1st/250, 9-2-73. the laboratoire d'epidémiologie virale of the laboratoire national de la santé was in charge of the technical aspects of the survey. a preliminary questionnaire was sent to each d.d.a.s.s. ... | 1978 | 218261 |
| comparative studies on the genomes of some picornaviruses: denaturation mapping of replicative form rna and electron microscopy of heteroduplex rna. | | 1979 | 218342 |
| virus replication, cytopathology, and lysosomal enzyme response in enucleated hep-2 cells infected with poliovirus. | | 1979 | 218347 |
| relations between poliovirus polypeptides as shown by tryptic peptide analysis. | poliovirus proteins were labelled in vivo with [35s]-methionine, and the major products of translation and cleavage were separated by electrophoresis and compared in terms of two-dimensional tryptic peptide maps visualized by autoradiography. the main intermediates p110 and p90 had few or no methionine-labelled sequences in common, but were both contained in, and therefore almost fully account for, the presumed primary translation product p210. the sequences of p79, a major stable product of cle ... | 1975 | 213531 |
| intratypic serodifferentiation of poliomyelitis virus strains by strain-specific antisera. | strain-specific antisera against non-sabin-like and sabin-like poliovirus strains were prepared by cross-absorption of the antisera with the heterologous strain. isolates from different parts of the world were differentiated intratypically as non-sabin-like and sabin-like strains with the aid of these sera in the immunodiffusion test and neutralization test. in comparison with other marker tests, intratypic differentiation can be performed more easily. further, fewer intermediate strains were fo ... | 1979 | 218891 |
| a high density component in several vertebrate enteroviruses. | in addition to the major infective component, which bands at a density of 1:34 g/ml in caesium chloride ("light component"), a component with a density of 1:44 g/ml ("heavy component") has been found in harvests of poliovirus (type i), coxsackie b5 virus, a bovine enterovirus (vg-5-27) and swine vesicular disease virus (svdv). with svdv about 98% of the infectivity equilibrated at 1 . 34 g/ml but approx. 2% was present as a peak at 1 . 44 g/ml. the morphology of the two forms was similar but the ... | 1975 | 213532 |
| differential inhibition of host cell rna synthesis in several picornavirus-infected cell lines. | patterns of cellular rna synthesis during poliovirus (types 1,2 and 3) and mengovirus infections in hela, hep-2, vero and l-cells were investigated by means of high-resolution autoradiography, kinetics of 3h-uridine incorporation, and sucrose gradient centrifugation. only mengovirus-infected l-cells showed an early and exponential inhibition of hnrna and rrna synthesis. the other cell lines tested, whether infected with polio- or mengovirus, exhibited a slowly and linearly decreasing cellular rn ... | 1978 | 210138 |
| inactivation of cytomegalovirus and semliki forest virus by butylated hydroxytoluene. | butylated hydroxytoluene (bht) is an antioxidant that is widely used in foods because it prevents spoilage by delaying degradation of lipid components. this hydrophobic compound inactivated human and murine cytomegalovirus (cmv) and semliki forest virus (sfv). both human and murine cmv were inactivated more than 90% by 40 microgram of bht/ml after incubation for 1 hr at 37 c. under the same conditions, svf was inactivated about 75%, whereas poliovirus, which does not contain lipid membrane as a ... | 1978 | 210237 |
| [vaccine-related paralytic poliomyelitis with severe pareses. report of one case (author's transl)]. | in 11-year-old girl paralytic poliomyelitis developed 18 days after administration of trivalent oral poliomyelitis virus-vaccine. in spite of isolation and identification of vaccine-poliomyelitis-virus type iii, there was only a slight raise of antibodies in the neutralisation-tests. the possibilities of lacking titer-raising is discussed, especially concerning the question of the claim to maintenance. | 1978 | 213638 |
| genetic susceptibility to wild and vaccine polio virus: genotypes and their frequency. | the frequency of proposed genotypes which predispose to poliomyelitis, is tabled. susceptibility is due to a gene or linkage group of genes with a frequency of 2% for the homozygote and 24% for the heterozygote. two subgroups are identified where a second gene might make the persons susceptible to vaccine strains of virus. cutter vaccinees might form a third group with increased susceptibility under special circumstances. the age at which genetic susceptibility changes to phenotypic susceptibili ... | 1978 | 214687 |
| metabolism of myoinositol in avian and mammalian cells infected with naked and enveloped dna and rna viruses. | the uptake of 3h-inositol into the pool of free inositol and its incorporation into the lipid phosphatidylinositol have been studied in various avian and mammalian cells infected by different viruses. in all the virus-cell systems investigated, virus infection results in a drastically reduced amount of free 3h-inositol about 3 to 5 h post-infection, demonstrable in the infected cells as compared to the mock-infected controls. in contrast, the incorporation of 3h-inositol into lipid can be enhanc ... | 1978 | 211191 |
| proteolysis of noncapsid protein 2 of type 3 poliovirus at the restrictive temperature: breakdown of noncapsid protein 2 correlates with loss of rna synthesis. | inhibition of rna synthesis of the lh strain of type 3 poliovirus at the restrictive temperature occurs concurrently with the breakdown of noncapsid virus-specific peptide 2. this finding, along with other reported data (b.d. korant, in proteases and biological control, p. 621-644, 1975), suggests that noncapsid virus-specific peptide 2 is a component of the viral replicase. | 1978 | 211270 |
| csf viral antibodies. evaluation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and late-onset postpoliomyelitis progressive muscular atrophy. | serum and csf from 48 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and six patients with late-onset postpoliomyelitis progressive muscular atrophy were investigated for the presence of antibody to poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3, coxsackie viruses b3 and b4, influenza a, measles, rubella, mumps, herpes simplex types 1 and 2, cytomegalovirus, varicella-zoster, and toxoplasma gondii. these results were compared with those from 53 control patients with neuromuscular disease matched for age, sex, race, ... | 1979 | 220938 |
| viral pollution of surface waters due to chlorinated primary effluents. | the role of chlorinated primary effluents in viral pollution of the ottawa river (ontario) was assessed by examining 282 field samples of wastewaters from two different sewage treatment plants over a 2-year period. the talc-celite technique was used for sample concentration, and bs-c-1 cells were employed for virus detection. viruses were detected in 80% (75/94) of raw sewage, 72% (68/94) of primary effluent, and 56% (53/94) of chlorinated effluent samples. both raw sewage and primary effluent s ... | 1978 | 215085 |
| potential sources of error during virus thermal inactivation. | a review of virus thermal inactivation data published in the literature demonstrated variations in reported virus resistance. examination of the methods used indicated that numerous studies were made by heat processing virus suspensions in test tubes. duplication of some of the methods using milk suspensions of poliovirus 1 showed virus persistence after heating as a result of uneven temperature distribution inside the test tubes. unless the containers (preferably sealed ampoules or capillary tu ... | 1978 | 215086 |
| poliomyelitis in the fetus and the newborn. a comment on the new understanding of the pathogenesis. | a survey of the literature shows that although poliovirus may be recovered from fetuses whose mothers have paralytic poliomyelitis, there is no evidence that the fetuses themselves are affected. it is suggested that if postnatal poliomyelitis results from an autoallergic response not developed in the fetus, then poliovirus cannot enter the cns of the fetus. when a mother has paralytic poliomyelitis at delivery the neonate has a 40 per cent chance of poliomyelitis, with a case fatality rate of ab ... | 1979 | 215371 |
| the encapsulation of picornaviruses by lipid vesicles: physical and biological properties. | | 1978 | 211924 |
| survey of human virus occurrence in wastewater-recharged groundwater on long island. | treated wastewater effluents and groundwater observation wells from three sewage recharge installations located on long island were assayed on a monthly basis for indigenous human enteroviruses and coliform bacteria for a period of 1 year. viruses were detected in groundwater at sites where recharge basins were located less than 35 feet (ca. 10.6 m) above the aquifer. results from one of the sites indicated the horizontal transfer of viable viruses through the groundwater aquifer. | 1978 | 211935 |
| cell-free synthesis and processing of the proteins of poliovirus. | poliovirus rna can be translated completely and accurately in rabbit reticulocyte lysates; the nascent poly-protein is processed to give primary products 1a, x, and 1b indistinguishable from those made in poliovirus-infected hela cells. the capsid precursor protein 1a is processed to form the capsid proteins vp0, vp1, and vp3, while the noncapsid precursor 1b is processed to form protein 2. | 1978 | 215997 |
| assay of human interferon in vero cells by several methods. | four methods for the assay of human interferon in vero cells were compared based on the inhibition of viral cytopathic effect (cpe) in tubes, the inhibition of cpe in microplates, the reduction of plaques, and the inhibition of quantitative hemadsorption. for inhibition of cpe, sindbis virus, vesicular stomatitis virus, poliovirus type 2, and vaccinia virus were used for challenge. in the plaque reduction method, sindbis virus, vesicular stomatitis virus, and poliovirus were employed, and newcas ... | 1979 | 222803 |
| high levels of microbial contamination of vegetables irrigated with wastewater by the drip method. | the public health aspects of the use of wastewater in agriculture and the effects of the drip irrigation method on the contamination of vegetables were studied. the method used was to simulate enteric microorganisms' dissemination by contaminated irrigation water in the field. the vegetables were irrigated with an effluent inoculated with a high titer of traceable microorganisms: poliovirus vaccine and a drug-resistant escherichia coli. the dissemination of the marker organisms in the field was ... | 1978 | 216306 |
| identification of detergents as components of wastewater sludge that modify the thermal stability of reovirus and enteroviruses. | the agent in wastewater sludge previously shown to reduce the heat required to inactivate reovirus (r. l. ward and c. s. ashley, appl. environ. microbiol. 34:681--688, 1977) was "separated" from other sludge components and analyzed by infrared spectroscopy. the infrared spectrum of this material was quite similar to the spectra of commercial anionic detergents, and subsequent analyses of the fractionated sludge samples revealed that anionic detergents in sludge were copurified with the virucidal ... | 1978 | 216308 |
| heat inactivation of enteric viruses in dewatered wastewater sludge. | the effect of moisture content on the rates of heat inactivation of enteric viruses in wastewater sludge was determined. the protective effect of raw sludge on poliovirus previously observed (r. l. ward, c. s. ashley, and r. h. moseley, appl. environ. microbiol. 32:339--346, 1976) was found to be greatly enhanced in sludge dewatered by evaporation. other enteroviruses responded in a similar fashion. this effect did not appear to be due merely to the state of dryness of the sludge samples because ... | 1978 | 216309 |
| isolation of viruses from sewage, with special regard to poliovirus: an evaluation of the sensitivity of three tissue culture methods. | this report concerns experiments to isolate different viruses from sewage. using a special cell-line from utrecht, derived from human amniotic cells, it was possible to isolate poliovirus selectively when antisera against six types of coxsackievirus b were added to the tissue culture. the method was tested in connexion with the epidemiological investigation of a case of poliomyelitis in sweden in 1977. it rapidly demonstrated that the virus implicated was present in all neighbouring sewage plant ... | 1978 | 216501 |
| fatal poliomyelitis with recovery of virus from cerebrospinal fluid. | | 1978 | 216907 |
| large-scale concentration and purification of virus suspension from microcarrier culture for the preparation of inactivated virus vaccines. | because of the presence of bovine serum proteins in poliovirus and rabiesvirus suspensions harvested from microcarrier cultures, a concentration and purification process has been developed in order to remove these proteins. the process comprises clarification by filtration, concentration by ultrafiltration, gel filtration on sepharose 6b and column chromatography on deae-sephadex a50. the serum protein content of the virus suspensions if reduced to a serum dilution of less than 1: 10(6) at a vir ... | 1979 | 223923 |
| purification of poliovirus obtained from human diploid cells by means of deae-sepharose. | mahoney, mef and saukett poliovirus strains were grown on human diploid cells (mrc 5) and concentrated on amicon filter. concentrated viral suspensions containing 3h-uridine labelled virus were mixed with 14c-amino acid labelled cell extracts containing calf serum and passed through a deae-sepharose column. fractions eluted at various ionic strengths were analyzed for infectivity, radio-activity and serum content by counter immunoelectrophoresis in the presence of a rabbit anti-calf serum. a pea ... | 1979 | 223925 |
| enteric viruses in the danube river water and sludge. | a study of the viral pollution of the roumanian course of the danube river was carried out from 1972 to 1974. the presence of enteric viruses was investigated in 123 water samples, taken by the gauze swab method and in 116 sludge samples from the bottom of the river. the samples were collected from 20 sampling points along the river from moldova veche to brăila, in accordance with the water use and the main pollution sources. viruses were recovered from 17.5% of the samples. the frequency of vir ... | 1978 | 217928 |
| growth of poliovirus type 1 in a non-primate cell line (ps cell) after artificial adsorption. | | 1978 | 218082 |
| an electron microscope study of the proteins attached to polio virus rna and its replicative form (rf). | a recently described method (wu, m. and davidson, n. (1978), nucleic acids research 5, in press) for visualizing proteins attached to nucleic acids in the electron microscope has been applied to study proteins attached to poliovirion rna and to the viral double-stranded intracellular rf form. a protein is found at the 5' end of the plus strand virion rna, and protein components are found at both ends of the duplex rf. in the rf as usually extracted, there is frequently a larger or compound prote ... | 1978 | 218168 |
| comparative monkey neurovirulence of sabin type iii poliovirus vaccines. | | 1979 | 225329 |
| inhibition of 80s initiation complex formation by infection with poliovirus. | anisomycin has been shown to stabilize ribosome initiation complexes containing messenger rna and met-trnaf met to high salt conditions. extracts from hela cells treated with 5 x 10(-7) m-anisomycin for 15 min accumulate 80s initiation complexes which can be detected by their absorbance in sucrose gradients. poliovirus-infected cells fail to form the 80s initiation complex early after infection, when inhibition of host cell protein synthesis occurs. these complexes re-form later in infection aft ... | 1979 | 225427 |
| strand-specific attachment of avidin-spheres to double-stranded poliovirus rna. | poliovirus-specific double-stranded rna molecules containing covalently attached protein were coupled with a biotin ester through the protein moiety. subsequent interaction of the rna-biotin with avidin attached to electronopaque plastic spheres led to the formation of complexes that were easily visualized in the electron microscope. avidinspheres were associated only with one end of the rna-biotin molecules, as seen in the electron microscope. avidin-sphere attachment to poliovirus double-stran ... | 1979 | 218216 |
| epidemiological events surrounding a paralytic case of poliomyelitis in sweden. | a case of clinical poliomyelitis occurred in sweden in january 1977; it was the first indigenous case in sweden since 1962. this incident was of particular interest as it provided an opportunity to study the spread of virus in a cluster of unvaccinated persons and in individuals more or less fully vaccinated with inactivated vaccine. the patient excreted wild type 2 virus and the same type was isolated from 25 other individuals, all of whom were close contacts of virus excretors. among the close ... | 1979 | 218746 |
| survival of poliovirus within organic solids during chlorination. | poliovirus in fecal homogenates was used to determine the protection against inactivation by chlorination afforded virus that was occluded within particulates. virus that was closely associated with or occluded within small fecal particulates was protected. a fourfold increase in combined residual chlorine was required to achieve the same degree of inactivation for occluded virus as for free or secondarily adsorbed virus. a combined chlorine residual of 6.6 mg/liter was necessary to achieve 50% ... | 1979 | 225993 |
| mechanisms of persistent infections by cytopathic viruses in tissue culture. brief review. | | 1979 | 226039 |
| restricted fragmentation of poliovirus type 1, 2 and 3 rnas by ribonuclease iii. | | 1979 | 219203 |
| [adaptation of the type i poliomyelitis virus to cotton rats]. | adaptation of poliomyelitis virus type i (mahoney strain) to the cns of cotton rats which at the time of inoculation had been temporarily immunosuppressed with cyclophosphane is described. in the course of passages the virus properties were observed to change. the virus became pathogenic for cotton rats with normal immunologic responsiveness by the intracerebral, intraperitoneal and subcutaneous routes, as well as for white mice intracerebrally. virions pathogenic for cotton rats were predominan ... | 1979 | 219612 |
| [change in the level of immunoglobulins a in the intestines of children after administration of live trivalent poliomyelitis vaccine by different methods]. | it was shown that titers of the neutralizing activity of fecal extracts (coproantibody, ca) to poliomyelitis virus type ii in the course of four administrations of live trivalent poliovaccine in drops directly into the mouth and in capsules were higher than ca titers to poliomyelitis virus types i and iii. particularly low ca titers to poliovirus types i and iii were in children given the vaccine in the capsule, that is directly into the gastro-intestinal tract. accordingly iga levels in fecal e ... | 1978 | 219616 |
| [method of determination of the number of enteroviruses present in natural waters]. | the effectiveness of concentratin of enteroviruses present in water by adsorption on membrane filters, ion-exchange resin ab-17-8 and bentonite was compared with set concentrations of virus in water (0.05-0.1-0.5-2.5 and 12.5 pfu/ml). the effectiveness of concentration was shown to depend upon the initial dose of virus present in water. with virus adsorption on membrane filters and ionexchange resin the effectiveness of concentration was the higher (100 and 74%) the lower the virus dose in water ... | 1978 | 219620 |
| [recommendations for evaluation of interferon inducers of clinical importance]. | | 1978 | 219621 |
| [detection and persistence of human-pathogenic viruses in chemical sludge (author's transl)]. | virological investigations, using poliovirus type i, were carried out on the detection of enterovirus and their persistence in the chemical sludge from a tertiary treatment process, which could be suitable for agricultural and horticultural applications.--a comparison of six eluents showed that tryptose phosphate broth yielded best results allowing approximately 30% overall recovery with the method described. with sludge of low virus content a concentration was possible with alginate filters and ... | 1978 | 219641 |
| [concentration of the poliomyelitis virus from water on fp-brand material]. | a method of filtration through fp cloth (petryanov's cloth) has been suggested for concentration of small virus quantities from large volumes of water. the effectiveness of virus removal from water of different degrees of contamination at virus concentrations of 0.05--0.1--0.5--2.5--12.5 pfu/ml was studied. about 88--100% of the initial virus content was removed from sewage, 80--90% from river water, 10--90% from tap water. when the effect of the eluting solutions for the removal of the virus re ... | 1979 | 228498 |
| [use of the vero transplantable cell line in a color test reaction for the quantitative determination of poliomyelitis virus-neutralizing antibodies]. | | 1979 | 228500 |
| n-alpha-cocoyl-l-arginine ethyl ester, dl-pyroglutamic acid salt, as an inactivator of hepatitis b surface antigen. | n-alpha-cocoyl-l-arginine ethyl ester, dl-pyroglutamic acid salt (cae), exhibited a strong inactivating effect on hepatitis b surface antigen. concentrations of cae required for 50 and 100% inactivation of the antigen were 0.01 to 0.025% and 0.025 to 0.05% respectively. cae completely inactivated hepatitis b surface antigen at the lowest concentration compared with various compounds including about 500 amino acid derivatives, sodium hypochlorite, 2,4,4'-trichloro-2'-hydroxydiphenyl ether, and so ... | 1979 | 228595 |
| enterovirus infection in a semi-closed community. | infection with enteroviruses was studied over a 61-week period (during 1960-61) in a semi-closed child community in the detention home of the allegheny county juvenile court in pittsburgh, pennsylvania. while most of the viruses isolated were known adeno- and enterovirus types, three apparently represent new enterovirus types or 'prime strains'. viruses were isolated in all but 6 weeks of the 61-week study period from the gastro-intestinal tracts of 110 children out of a total population of 514 ... | 1979 | 220514 |
| regulation of glycolipid biosynthesis: effects of virus infection and drug-induced translational inhibition on glycolipid metabolism. | | 1979 | 221008 |
| bioaccumulation and depuration of enteroviruses by the soft-shelled clam, mya arenaria. | low levels of feces-associated natural virus, simulating virus numbers estimated to exist in moderately polluted shellfish-growing waters, were used to evaluate the effectiveness of depuration as a virus depletion procedure in soft-shell clams. depuration effectiveness depended upon the numbers of virus bioaccumulated and whether virus was solids associated. virus uptake was greatest when viruses were solids associated and pollution levels were equivalent or greater than those likely to be found ... | 1979 | 229766 |
| mode of initiation of cell infection with sludge-associated poliovirus. | association with sludge solids did not allow poliovirus to enter cells other than through the normal receptor-mediated route. this implies that the infectivities of sludge-encapsulated virions are masked until their exposure permits binding to cell surface receptors. | 1979 | 229768 |
| [various problems in the molecular biology of picornaviruses]. | | 1977 | 221803 |
| degradation of poliovirus by adsorption on inorganic surfaces. | alteration of the specific infectivity of 3h-labeled ribonucleic acid and 14c-protein labeled poliovirus type 1 by adsorption on inorganic surfaces is investigated by application of kinetic theory to data obtained from sequential extractions of adsorbed virus. some surfaces, e.g., sio2, appear to have no significant effect. on the other hand, cuo substantially decreases the specific infectivity of adsorbed preparations. differences in kinetic plots between 3h-labeled ribonucleic acid and 14c-lab ... | 1979 | 222209 |
| variation in susceptibility of hela cell lines to coxsackievirus a9. | in the course of serial passages for several years a line of uncloned hela cells (a line) showed a gradual decrease in plaquing efficiency by coxsackievirus a9 (ca9 virus), while subcultures prepared from the same line kept frozen at an early passage level (a original line) did not show any change. however, it was observed later that the plaque-forming ability of the a original line (a orig. line) also decreased after serial passages as was observed with the a line. comparing the characteristics ... | 1979 | 222235 |
| [poliomyelitis occuring in a previously vaccinated young woman with isolation of a coxsackie type a virus. report of a case]. | | 1978 | 215970 |
| virus-specified protease in poliovirus-infected hela cells. | previous studies have shown that primary cleavages in nascent picornavirus precursors are accomplished by cellular proteases. this study has characterized the enzyme in infected cells that produces the capsid polypeptides by secondary cleavages of viral precursors. the kinetics of the production of protease activity correlate with the time course of virus protein synthesis, and the new enzyme has characteristic ph and temperature optima. guanidine and cycloheximide, which are inhibitors of virus ... | 1979 | 223165 |
| [development of immunity to the poliomyelitis virus in infants with various methods of administering a live poliomyelitis vaccine]. | the data have been obtained which indicate that the effectiveness of vaccination with live trivalent poliomyelitis vaccine may be increased and 90--100% of the vaccinated infants under 1 year of age may develop marked resistance of the alimentary tract and high antibody titers in the blood serum to the threee types of poliomyelitis virus in the course of 3 vaccinations. some regularities of the formation of immunity to individual poliomyelitis virus types in the course of 4 vaccinations with tri ... | 1979 | 223328 |
| experiences of vaccination with inactivated poliovirus vaccine and epidemiology round a single case of polio in 1977 in sweden. | inactivated poliovaccine manufactured in this country has been used in sweden since 1957. the coverage of the vaccination in children is close to 100%. the majority of adults has also been immunized. no indigenous case occurred between 1962 and 1977. in 1977 a 2-year-old unvaccinated girl caught a mild paralytic disease caused by polio type 2. an epidemiologic investigation revealed excretion of virus in 25 persons, all close contacts to other excretors. no virus excretors were found among vacci ... | 1978 | 223905 |
| possible point mutation sites in lsc, 2ab poliovirus rna and a protein covalently linked to the 5'-terminus. | poliovirus type i, vaccine strain (lsc, 2ab), which is a temperature- and actinomycin d-sensitive mutant derived from type i mahoney strain, was grown in hela cells in the presence of 32p and a low concentration of actinomycin d. seven and a half h p.i., genome 32p-rna was recovered from the purified virion. analysis of rnase ti digests of the rna by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis revealed that three possible point mutation sites exist in the large and unique oligonucleotides in the fingerp ... | 1979 | 230298 |
| poliomyelitis survey in middle-east countries. | the poliomyelitis survey was started in 1976 in bahrain and kuwait. for each paralytic case, diagnosis was done by virus isolation, neutralizing antibody titration and specific igm characterization. more than 90% of the infants who were ill were less than 2 years old. in bahrain, 17 paralytic cases in 1976 and 12 in 1977 occurred between january and july (annual incidence was respectively 7.7 and 5.4/100,000). the first epidemic was due to poliovirus type 2, the second one to poliovirus type1. f ... | 1978 | 223907 |
| antiviral effects of a microbial growth inhibitory factor. | | 1979 | 230676 |
| new approach to the production of concentrated and purified inactivated polio and rabies tissue culture vaccines. | the preparation of inactivated polio and rabies vaccine in tissue culture has been developed into a "unit process" at our laboratory during recent years. the process comprises trypsinization of animal kidney cells by the perfusion method, cell/virus cultivation in microcarrier culture and concentration and purification of the virus suspension followed by inactivation. also, the control tests on the virus suspensions and vaccines are performed, to the greatest possible extent, according to the sa ... | 1978 | 223908 |
| poliovirus-induced suppression of lymphocyte stimulation: a macrophage-mediated effect. | poliovirus was shown to suppress the in vitro response of human mononuclear blood cells stimulated with phytohaemagglutinin (pha), pokeweed mitogen (pwm), tuberculin purified protein derivative (ppd) or allogeneic cells. the suppression required infectious virus and the presence of macrophages. experiments with combined cultures of human lymphocytes stimulated with pha, pwm, ppd or allogeneic cells, and different numbers of autologous macrophages indicated that both lymphocyte stimulation and th ... | 1979 | 223973 |
| virus detection in soils: a comparison of four recovery methods. | among nine eluents tested, 0.5% (w/v) isoelectric casein at ph 9.0 and 0.5% (w/v) non-fat dry milk (ph 9.0) were the most efficient in eluting poliovirus type 1 (sabin) from eustis fine sand. however, no significant difference was found between the overall (elution followed by concentration) virus recoveries by non-fat dry milk, isoelectric casein, beef extract, and glycine-edta methods. high overall recovery (75%) of low input (200 pfu) of viruses from 100 g of soil was achieved by the isoelect ... | 1979 | 230890 |
| capsid protein precursor is one of two initiated products of translation of poliovirus rna in vitro. | previous studies in our laboratory have demonstrated that cell-free systems translating the mahoney strain of poliovirus type i rna utilize two unique initiation sites. in this study, defective-interfering particles of poliovirus, which contain deletions in the region encoding the capsid proteins, are shown to initiate translation of proteins in vitro at these same two sites. both the standard virus and the defective-interfering virus rna direct the synthesis of two polypeptides labeled with n-f ... | 1979 | 224212 |
| translation of poliovirus rna in vitro: changes in cleavage pattern and initiation sites by ribosomal salt wash. | | 1979 | 224589 |
| modified procedure for the recovery of naturally accumulated poliovirus from oysters. | methods were compared for their ability to recover poliovirus from oysters (crassostrea gigas) which had been allowed to accumulate virus via normal filtration activities. clarification procedures included glycine-nacl and polyelectrolyte extraction methods followed by a variety of acid precipitation concentration methods. polyelectrolyte flocculation followed by a beef extract-supplemented acid precipitation carried out at ph 3.5 yielded the most efficient recoveries. direct assay of homogenate ... | 1979 | 231934 |
| viral heat resistance and infectious ribonucleic acid. | high-titer suspensions of poliovirus 1 and coxsackievirus b-2 were shown to contain a heat-resistant fraction when heated for 65 min at temperature ranging from 56 to 70 degrees c. the addition of ribonuclease to the heated suspensions eliminated plaque production in the cell cultures, indicating that the resistant fraction was infectious ribonucleic acid that had been liberated from ruptured viruses during the heating process. | 1979 | 231935 |
| adsorption of enteroviruses to soil cores and their subsequent elution by artificial rainwater. | the adsorption and elution of a variety of human enteroviruses in a highly permeable, sandy soil was studied by using cores (43 by 125 mm) collected from an operating recharge basin on long island. viruses studied included field and reference strains of polioviruses types 1 and 3 and reference strains of coxsackie virus b3 and echovirus types 1 and 6. viruses suspended in treated sewage effluent were allowed to percolate through soil cores, and the filtrate was assayed for unadsorbed viruses. to ... | 1979 | 231936 |
| lymphoblastic transformation in response to viral antigens in multiple sclerosis. | the blastogenic response of lymphocytes to pokeweed mitogen and a battery of viral antigens was studied in healthy individuals, patients with multiple sclerosis (ms), and patients with other neurologic disorders. the multiple sclerosis patients exhibited a diminished response to pokeweed mitogen and to mumps, parainfluenza, and poliomyelitis i antigens when compared with healthy individuals. however, there was no significant difference between the multiple sclerosis patients and the neurologic c ... | 1979 | 225695 |
| fluorescence polarization of dph-labeled cells adsorbing viruses and its diagnostic potential. | mammalian or avian cells were labeled with a fluorescent probe dph (1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene). within a few minutes after adsorption of various naked and enveloped viruses, the degree of fluorescence polarization (p) of the dph embedded in the adsorbing cells as measured at 37 degrees c, was reduced, a finding indicating a decrease in the microviscosity of the lipids in the cell membrane. this change of fluidity was proportional to the concentration of the adsorbing virus and could be aboli ... | 1979 | 222236 |
| the cytoskeletal framework and poliovirus metabolism. | the cytoskeletal framework prepared by detergent lysis of suspension-grown hela cells is compared to the structure obtained from poliovirus-infected cells. this framework, which retains major features of cell morphology and carries the cellular polyribosomes as well as the major structural filaments, is profoundly reorganized following virus infection. this reorganization underlies, at least in part, the morphological changes termed the "cytoplasmic effect." these cytoskeletal changes appear rel ... | 1979 | 222454 |
| [studies on the incidence and genetic characteristics of polioviruses during vaccination with polyvalent vaccines]. | | 1979 | 225761 |
| virucidal activity of some quaternary ammonium compounds. | four different quaternary ammonium compounds were tested by microtechniques for evaluating their activity against the type species of six viral groups very frequently involved in human and animal pathology. three disinfectants showed good activity against five of the representative viruses under test, while the fourth proved less effective. poliovirus type 1 was found to be completely resistant. | 1978 | 226100 |
| choice of cell substrate for biological products. | | 1979 | 227238 |
| genetical analysis on the stability of poliovirus type 3 leon 12a1b. | | 1979 | 227906 |
| pattern of plaquing efficiency at different temperatures (ppet) as a differentiation tool among poliovirus type 3 leon 12a1b progenies and its possible use as a genetic marker. | | 1979 | 227907 |
| guanidine-sensitive na+ accumulation by poliovirus-infected hela cells. | the na+ content of poliovirus-infected hela s3 cells increased during the late phase of virus replication, after virus inhibition of host cell protein synthesis and in coincidence with late viral functions. guanidine hydrochloride blocked the rise in na+ content, whereas the antiguanidine agent choline fully reversed the guanidine block. expression of one or more late viral functions was essential for na+ accumulation to occur because accumulation was inhibited by cycloheximide or guanidine adde ... | 1979 | 228053 |
| reactivity of neutralizing antibodies with different specificities to h particles of poliovirus. | in order to elucidate the antigenic structure of poliovirus, the reactivity of antibody produced with h antigenic particles of mahoney strain (polio type 1) was investigated. injection of h particles of mahoney strain into rabbits yielded neutralizing antibody as well as cf-n and cf-h antibodies. this result coincided with the report by hinuma and coworkers. neutralization tests with inhibitor resistant mahoney mutants revealed that the neutralizing antibody produced with h particles was of hn31 ... | 1979 | 228166 |
| factors involved in enzyme-linked immunoassay of viruses and evaluation of the method for identification of enteroviruses. | a quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used for identification of selected enteroviruses: poliovirus type 1, echovirus type 6, coxsackievirus a type 9, and coxsackievirus b types 1 through 6. partially purified viral antigens or virus-specific antibodies were adsorbed to polystyrene spectrophotometer cuvettes, which permitted the assays to be reported and compared in terms of enzyme units specifically reacting. both the adsorbed antigen and the adsorbed antibody methods were approx ... | 1979 | 229122 |
| determination of the length distribution of poly(a) at the 3' terminus of the virion rnas of emc virus, poliovirus, rhinovirus, rav-61 and cpmv and of mouse globin mrna. | rapid, detailed, and accurate analysis of the length spectrum of 3' terminal poly(a) in an rna population can be obtained by 3'-terminal 32p-labelling of rna with t4 rna ligase, digestion with ribonucleases t1 and a, and use of gel sequencing methods. length distributions of 3'-terminal poly(a) of emc virus, poliovirus, rhinovirus, rav-61, and cpmv virion rnas as well as mouse globin mrna are presented. | 1979 | 229465 |
| rhinoviruses: kinetics of ultraviolet inactivation and effects of uv and heat on immunogenicity. | the kinetics of ultraviolet inactivation for two human rhinoviruses and poliovirus were compared. no major differences in the rates of ultraviolet inactivation were detectable. all viral preparations inactivated by ultraviolet irradiation induced neutralizing antibody in guinea pigs. in contrast, when guinea pigs were immunized with a heat inactivated rhinovirus preparation, little or no neutralizing antibody was elicited. immune electron microscopy of the heated rhinovirus preparations revealed ... | 1979 | 229797 |
| [levels of specific antibodies against poliomyelitis virus and degree of immune protection in umbria population]. | the authors studied neutralizing antibodies against poliomyelitis wild viruses in a sample of umbria population. the number of seronegative results for each virus strain was very low (less than 1%). the geometric mean titres were 21.07, 26.72, 19.13 for poliovirus types 1, 2, 3, respectively. the results of this seroepidemiological study shows that the umbria population is satisfactory protected against the poliomyelitis. | 1979 | 229884 |