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studies on the in vitro uncoating of poliovirus. ii. characteristics of the membrane-modified particle. 1977194397
physical and metabolic requirements for early interaction of poliovirus and human rhinovirus with hela cells.attachment, ""tight binding'' and eclipse of radioactive poliovirus 2 (p2) and human rhinovirus 2 (hrv 2) were investigated. the activation energy for attachment of both hrv2 and p2 was about 13 kcal/mol. hrv2 differed from p2 in two respects: the arrhenius plot for attachment of hrv2 showed a break at 15 to 19 degrees c when the cells were first treated several hours at 0 degrees c, and attachment of hrv2 was inhibited by treatment of cells with metabolic poisons able to reduce cellular atp by ...1976184301
seroimmunity of adult ghanian hospital staff and their wards to poliomyelitis.the antibody content of sera collected from 104 adult staff of the korle bu teaching hospital and 16 of their wards were studied by microtitre neutralization test to poliovirus types 1, 2 and 3. the immune status of the study population was highly satisfactory; there was only one (0.83%) out of the 120 persons studied without antibodies to all three poliovirus types. the percentage of sero-positive subjects to the individual poliovirus types, that is 1, 2 and 3 were 75.83%, 70.00% and 86.16% of ...1975184602
stability of human enteroviruses in estuarine and marine waters.studies of the effects of temperature and salinity on the survival of three enteric viruses (poliomyelitis type 1, echovirus-6, and coxsackievirus b-5) under controlled laboratory conditions and in situ indicate that temperature rather than salinity is the critical factor affecting their stability, in that the higher the temperature the more rapid was the loss of viral infectivity. in the laboratory studies, all three viruses were quite stable at 4 degrees c, with infectious virus still detectab ...1976184736
distribution of poliovirus in a small community. 1977195253
comparison of primary rhesus and cynomolgus monkey kidney cell cultures for viral isolation from clinical specimens.rhesus monkey kidney and cynomolgus monkey kidney cell cultures were compared for viral isolation by using clinical specimens that yielded 203 viral isolates. cynomolgus and rhesus monkey kidney cells were comparable for the isolation of 22 adenoviruses, 12 coxsackieviruses, and one poliovirus. four of 50 echoviruses and seven of ten herpesviruses were detected only in cynomolgus monkey kidney cells. influenza virus was isolated in 84 instances, of which eight were detected only in rhesus and fo ...1977195459
polyadenylate sequences of human rhinovirus and poliovirus rna and cordycepin sensitivity of virus replication.the polyadenylate [poly(a)] content of the genome rna of human rhinovirus type 14 (hrv-14) is nearly twice as large as that of the genome rna of poliovirus type 2. the poly(a) content of viral rna was determined to be the rnase-resistant fraction of 32p-labeled viral rna extracted from purified virions. polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that the poly(a) sequences of hrv-14 are more heterogenous and on an average larger than those of poliovirus rna. on the basis of susceptibility to mi ...1976185411
the location of the polio genome protein in viral rnas and its implication for rna synthesis.evidence is presented that a small protein (vpg) is covalently attached to the 5'-terminal oligonucleotide vpg-pu-u-a-a-a-a-c-a-gp of the polio genome, to nascent strands of the polio replicative intermediate and to poly(u) of minus strands. a model of polio rna replication is proposed implicating vpg in initiation of rna symthesis, possibly as primer.1977196204
5'-terminal nucleotide sequences of polio virus polyribosomal rna and virion rna are identical. 1977196211
the morphology of tumors of the human gastrointestinal tract in short-term organ culture and the reaction of these tumors to infection with poliovirus.a morphologic study of 57 cancers of the human gastrointestinal tract maintained in short-term organ culture was carried out, and the response of part of these tumors to infection with poliovirus was studied. the tumors, grown in vitro, mainly retained their original characteristics and histologic types. a certain correlation between the histologic type and its viability in short-term organ culture was revealed: the more differentiated forms were maintained better than the poorly differentiated ...1976186175
potency of field samples of oral poliovirus vaccine.the transport and storage facilities and the potency of oral poliovirus vaccines currently administered in 108 centres in india were investigated. storage and distribution practices in many of the centres were far from ideal. there was no significant loss of potency in the vaccine samples collected from a few centres, while samples from other centres showed a 60-99% loss of virus particles per dose. a national monitoring system has since been established to check the potency of every batch of or ...1976186207
simple mathematical deductions in the seroepidemiology of viral infections. ii. (para) myxoviruses (measles, mumps, influenza b), rubella, enteroviruses (polio, coxsackie b), adenoviruses, and mycoplasma pneumoniae.large samples of nonselected persons collected in south-west germany were investigated for the prevalence of serum antibodies to poliovirus 1-3 and coxsackievirus b 1-5 (neutralisation test), to measles, rubella, and mumps (hemagglutination inhibition test), mumps, influenza b, adenovirus, and mycoplasma pneumoniae (complement-fixation test). according to "catalytic models", which compare the infection spread to simple chemical reactions of molecules as self-limiting procedures, a mathematical a ...1977196454
[experiments on poliomyelitis surveillance in an urban population of the ruhr valley (essen) by means of virological investigations of the sewage water (author's transl)]. 1977196458
differences in multiplication of virulent and vaccine strains of poliovirus type i, ii, and iii in laboratory animals.multiplication of virulent and vaccine strains of poliovirus type i, ii and iii in laboratory animals of different species was studied comparatively. the main criterion of virus reproduction was the production of the photoresistant virus progeny after inoculation of the animals with proflavin-photosensitized virus strains. on the whole, virulent poliovirus strains were characterized by replication in a wide range of hosts (monkeys, cotton rats, white mice, guinea pigs, rabbits, chickens, chick e ...1977196575
enhancement of virus growth produced by thiols and disulphides.several thiols and disulphides have been found able both to shorten the latency phase and to increase the growth of several virus strains in cell cultures.1977196894
effect of hypertonic medium on protein synthesis of mahoney and lsc poliovirus.the initiation of synthesis of mahoney virus protein is more sensitive to high osmolarity than initiation of synthesis of lsc virus protein. production of mahoney virus protein appears to be only slightly more resistant to high osmolarity than synthesis of hela-rhino cell protein.1976186637
concentration of viruses from large volumes of tap water using pleated membrane filters.a method is described for the efficient concentration of viruses from large volumes of tap water in relatively short time periods. virus in acidified tap water in the presence of aluminum chloride is adsorbed to a 10-inch (ca. 25.4 cm) fiberglass depth cartridge and a 10-inch pleated epoxy-fiberglass filter in series at flow rates of up to 37.8 liters/min (10 gallons/min). this filter series is capable of efficiently adsorbing virus from greater than 19,000 liters (5,000 gallons) of treated tap ...1976187115
control of peptide chain initiation in uninfected and virus infected cells by membrane mediated events.initiation of protein synthesis in tissue culture cells is rapidly inhibited or blocked by addition of either dmso, ethanol, tpck, cytochalasin b, or sucrose to the growth medium. in contrast, these agents do not interfere with the initiation of protein synthesis in cell-free extracts to a comparable extent. these results support the hypothesis that protein synthesis in tissue culture cells can be influenced by membrane mediated events. translation of viral mrna in rna virus infected cells is re ...1976188735
radiation enhanced reactivation of nuclear replicating mammalian viruses. 1977197551
[cytochalasins in virologic research]. 1977197711
a note on single - and two - dose immunogenicity tests of inactive virus vaccine in chicks.single dose extinction limit test of inactive polio vaccine in chicks lasts 4 days and offers the same results as the two-dose test which requires 14 days. when "long-term" incubation instead of "conventional" 2 hours-incubation of the serum/virus mixtures in the neutralization reaction was used, extinction limit values higher by 0,6-0,7 log 10 were regularly obtained.1976188947
survival of some viruses in the sea-water samples collected from the gulf of gdaƄsk. preliminary studies. 1976189869
possible in vitro repair of viral rna by ligase-like enzyme(s) in poliovirus-infected cells.a soluble polymerase-template complex prepared from poliovirus-infected cells was found to incorporate radioactive utp into trichloroacetic acid-insoluble rna linearly for 8 h in the presence of atp and mg2+. radioactive ctp or gtp was not incorporated under identical conditions. nearest-neighbor analysis of the in vitro product demonstrated that atp was added to the viral rna in the form of polyadenylic acid; utp was added internally to the 3'-oh group of all four nucelotides. the data can best ...1977189080
a rapid microassay for detecting antibodies against poliovirus based on [14c]thymidine uptake of treated cell cultures.dna synthesis of mammalian cells propagated in microplates can easily be measured if cell cultures incubated with [14c]thymidine are harvested on the glass fibre filters by a semiautomatic harvesting technique. soon after infection with poliovirus, [14c]thymidine uptake of u cells (established, human amniotic cell line) is inhibited. this inhibition can be prevented by previous virus neutralization with antibody. based on this effect a rapid, precise assay method was set up to determine neutrali ...1977198477
antigenic variation of poliovirus caused by antibody components with different specificities.the possible role of antibody as a selective pressure on antigenic mutants of poliovirus in nature was investigated in vitro. a mutant resistant to a monospecific antibody with a definite specificity was readily obtained by several cycles of neutralization of mahoney strain with a monospecific antibody and multiplication in monkey kidney (ms) cells. mutants resistant to more than two different monospecific antibodies were also readily obtained in a similar manner. studies on the antigenicity of ...1977198635
the size and location of the poly(a) tract in emc virus rna.encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus rna, selected by its affinity for oligo(dt)-cellulose, contains poly(a) of size : (i) about 14 nucleotide residues long, based on the percentage of radioactivity in the rna resistant to digestion by a mixture of pancreatic and t1 rnases; (ii) about 15 residues long, as measured by the ratio of the amount of terminal adenosine to internal adenylic acid in isolated poly(a); and (iii) in the range 12 to 45 residues, the majority of tracts being about 16 to 18 residu ...1977190347
medical research in kenya. i. virology. 1977198920
dissociation and reassociation of poliovirus. ii. protein components obtained by urea treatment of the virus particle.dissociation of poliovirus by 9 m urea in 0.015 m nacl at 25 degrees c resulted in the liberation of 35s rna and of polypeptides sedimenting at 2s in sucrose gradients containing 9 m urea. however, a ribonucleopolypeptide (rnpp) complex sedimenting at 45s and oligomers of the viral polypeptides sedimenting at 7--8s were found in addition to the monomers sedimenting at 2s when the urea concentration was lowered to 5 m after the dissociation procedure. ribonuclease treatment prevents the appearanc ...1977198990
the genome of poliovirus is an exceptional eukaryotic mrna. 1976190646
[viral flora (coliphages and human enteroviruses) found in river water after an urban district (saint-etienne). ii. a virological and epidemiological survey (author's transl)].a survey was carried out from march 1972 to february 1973 to identify viral flora found in the river furan ater st. etienne. the 54 samples examined revealed the following data: 1) more accurate results are obtained when viral concentration values are expressed in terms of m3/sec., taking into account the flow of the river and eliminating the seasonal dilution factor; 2) rates of enteroviruses remain constant throughout the year, in spite of a relatively rapid spontaneous inactivation of the vir ...1976190654
review of enterovirus studies in east africa. 1977199414
involvement of viral procapsid in the rna synthesis and maturation of poliovirus. 1977199991
the behaviour of sabin attenuated poliovirus strains in the central nervous system of rhesus monkeys. 1977200628
[importance of the results of a virological examination of sewage. a quantitative evaluation of the finding of enteroviruses in sewage].in order to evaluate quantitatively the effectiveness of virological examinations of sewage, a labeled virus in a dose of 7.5x10(9) pfu was introduced into the canalization system of a community. such an amount of virus could be found in the canalization system if 5--10% of the residents would excrete it simultaneously. the labeled virus was selectively detected in the community sewage. this procedure has demonstrated that the routine methods for sewage collection, specimen treatment, and virus ...1977201104
inactivation of enteric viruses in wastewater sludge through dewatering by evaporation.the effect of dewatering on the inactivation rates of enteric viruses in sludge was determined. for this study, water was evaporated from seeded raw sludge at 21 degrees c, and the loss of viral plaque-forming units was measured. initial results with poliovirus showed that recoverable infectivity gradually decreased with the loss of water until the solids content reached about 65%. when the solids content was increased from 65 to 83%, a further, more dramatic decrease in virus titer of greater t ...1977201215
the viral etiology of acute respiratory infections in children in uganda.the role of viruses in respiratory diseases of young children in uganda was studied. a viral etiology was established in 36% of the infections investigated. the most important pathogens were found to be respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza viruses, which were responsible for 26% of infections investigated. they caused both upper and lower respiratory tract diseases. there was little or no seasonal variation in the etiology of these infections. adenoviruses were found to be less importan ...1977201391
[rational method of producing sera with high titers of virus neutralizing antibodies].a possibility of obtaining the diagnostic specific sera with a high titre against the poliovirus, type i, was studied experimentally. five different immunization schemes by the same antigen were tested in parallel experiments. a method of the viral antigen (both of the concentrated and of the unconcentrated) mixed with complete freund's adjuvant injection into the popliteal lymph nodes with the subsequent single reimmunization proved to be most effective. in this way it was possible to obtain ty ...1977190829
[ultrastructural changes in the central nervous system of monkeys in poliomyelitis].the ultrastructure of cells of the central nervous system of rhesus monkeys in experimental poliomyelitis caused by virus of poliomyelitis type 3 was studied. it was found out that the virus of poliomyelitis was localized in nerve cells, astocytes, oligodendrocytes, the endothelium of capillaries and macrophages. this justifies the conclusion that pathological changes in the cells referred to the above result from reproduction of the virus therein. ultrastructural changes in infected cells are d ...1976190980
photochemical inhibition of poliovirus replication by 4,5',8-trimethylpsoralen plus light.poliovirus replication in hela cells is significantly inhibited by a 30-min pulse of infected cells with 4,5',8-trimethylpsoralen plus long wavelength ultraviolet light. when infected cells are exposed to psoralen plus light during peak viral rna synthesis, formation of virus-specific rnas is inhibited. viral rna species, formed in vivo in the presence of, or treated in vitro with, psoralen plus light, appear to have become degraded when analyzed by sedimentation in sucrose-dimethyl sulfoxide gr ...1978201583
[action of emetine hydrochloride in some experimental viral infections].the authors tested the virulicidal effect of emetine hydrochloride (eh) observed by fusillo in clinical practice. by adding eh to he p-2 cellular system, in a concentration such as to cause some inhibition of cellular growth, there is no meaningfull virostatic or virulicidal action against poliovirus, mahoney's strain. eh, in the same proportion as that employed by fusillo in human therapy, damages in the albino mouse liver. by halving the concentration of eh such a damage is not evident but no ...1976191045
poliomyelitis: epidemiology and prophylaxis. 4. serological and virological surveys conducted after a mass vaccination campaign for the control of a threatening poliomyelitis epidemic.in 1973, a type 1 poliomyelitis epidemic in kenya was curtailed at an early stage by two mass distributions of trivalent oral vaccine. it was considered useful to know the immunity status of the child population that had resulted from the vaccine distributions and that had presumably contributed to its control. we also wished to know to what extent wild and vaccine virus strains were in circulation after the mass vaccination campaign. anal swabs and blood were collected from a sample of the chil ...1977202417
jc virus, a human polyomavirus associated with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: additional biological characteristics and antigenic relationships.jc virus, a human polyomavirus, failed to grow or produce cytopathic effects in any of a variety of cells tested other than primary human fetal glial (phfg) cells. cells tested included other primary human cells and glial cells from other animals. only a rare cell in inoculated insusceptible human cell cultures produced t or virion antigen. in phfg cell cultures jc virus produced subtle cytopathic effects, and the majority of progeny remained cell associated. only a few cells in the heterogenous ...1977191404
virological studies of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: an overview. 1976191964
the influence of bacillary dysentery on the efficiency of oral poliovaccine in egypt.the rate of poliovirus excretion was found to be 64.6% in a group of 108 normal children and 11.95% in 184 diarrheal children. diarrhea was due to shigella in 70% of cases. this drew our attention to the presence of an etiologic relationship between the two findings, which may have a direct effect on the low efficiency of oral poliovaccine in our country. effect of shigella infection on the take of oral poliovaccine was investigated in 14 normal and 10 children having acute diarrhea due to shige ...1976192625
use of elution marker for the intratypic characterization of poliovirus strains.elution marker was used for intratypic characterization of poliovirus strains with al(oh)3 gel as adsorbent. the virion suspensions to be tested were partially purified by chromatography and labelled with 32p. in the labelled preparations of wild virus strains practically all radioactivity was found in virus-specific bond, whereas in those of the vaccine strains and isolates of vaccine origin a considerable, but variable, proportion of the activity was bound to residual cell components. for this ...1976193364
[stimulation of mouse encephalomyocarditis virus reproduction by non-multiplying poliomyelitis virus in several transplantable tissue culture lines].reproduction of mouse encephalomyocarditis virus (emc) was studied in 5 continuous primate cell lines: hela, fl, detroit-6, p/7, and mio inoculated with guanidine-dependent variant of poliomyelitis virus in the absence of guanidine. poliomyelitis virus stimulated emc virus reproduction in all cell lines under study. this stimulation effect was studied at length in hela and mio cells. in hela cells, stimulation was observed at a low and moderate multiplicity of infection of emc virus but not at a ...1977203116
[virus elimination through purification of drinking water]. 1977194424
[indicators of immunity in children vaccinated with live poliomyelitis vaccine].serological examination of 1057 children, residents of leningrad, vaccinated with poliomyelitis vaccine at the appropriate calendar dates according to the scheme, showed the presence of antibodies to the polioviruses in 81.5-99.1% of the cases. there were more serologically negative children against the virus type iii, and much less--against the virus type ii. the value of the mean geometrical titres somewhat decreased with the advance of the children's age and the time lapse after the vaccinati ...1978204133
[antiviral effect of aqueous plant extracts in tissue culture].the aqueous extracts from 178 kinds of medicinal plants belonging to 69 families were examined from the point of their virustatic activity against herpes-, influenza-, vaccine- and poliovirus. 75 kinds proved to be virustatic against one or more kinds of virus. nearly one-third of the active plants belong to families that are known as especially rich in tannin. besides the virustatic activity a great number of extracts showed also a cytostatic activity.1978204315
aggregation of enterovirus small plaque variants and polioviruses under low ionic strength conditions.virion aggregation in low ionic conditions was observed with small plaque variants of coxsackievirus type b3 and echovirus types 4 and 11 by sedimentation and filtration methods. inclusion of salts or deae-dextran into the media prevented or reversed virion aggregation. the effect of ph on aggregate formation in low ionic strength solutions was also investigated with various strains of poliovirus. type i sabin strain formed aggregates even at high ph, while mahoney strains did so only below ph 6 ...1978204734
involvement of microtubules in cytopathic effects of animal viruses: early proteins of adenovirus and herpesvirus inhibit formation of microtubular paracrystals in hela-s3 cells.in order to examine the involvement of microtubules in the virus-induced cytopathic effect (c.p.e.), the effect of virus infection on the formation of microtubular paracrystals (pc) induced by 10 microgram/ml of vinblastine sulphate in hela-s3 cells was examined by phase-contrast microscopy. in poliovirus-infected cells, c.p.e. (cell rounding) and the inhibition of pc formation proceeded in parallel, starting 4 h post-infection. in sendai virus-infected cells, however, pc formation was not inhib ...1978204735
isoelectric points of polypeptides of standard poliovirus particles of different serological types and of empty capsids and dense particles of poliovirus type 1.the isoelectric points of polypeptides of standard and dense poliovirus particles and of empty capsids have been determined by isoelectric focusing in urea and by two-dimensional analysis. comparing virus strains belonging to the three serological types of poliovirus, differences in the pi of some, but not all of the structural polypeptides are found. the pi of polypeptides of dense particles and of empty capsids are identical with those of standard particles. polypeptide vpo present in empty ca ...1978204736
picorna- and togavirus infection of cells detected by gas chromatography.viral infection of cells causes chemical and metabolic changes, which can be detected by gas chromatography (gc) of ether extracts of supernatant fluids and cell homogenates before any significant damage to the cells is observable microscopically. the characteristic and specific gc patterns obtained from bhk-21 and vero cell cultures infected with encephalomyocarditis, polio, echoviruses, and a togavirus make it possible to distinguish between these infecting viruses. the appearance of 1 or 2 co ...1977204744
chronic progressive poliomyelitis secondary to vaccination of an immunodeficient child.we investigated an immunodeficient child in whom chronic progressive poliomyelitis developed after she had received live oral poliovirus vaccine. poliovirus, type ii, was isolated from throat and stool during life and from several sites within the brain at autopsy. the brain isolate was classified as vaccine-like on the basis of temperature sensitivity and antigenic markers. however, in the monkey neurovirulence test, the brain isolate produced moderately severe lesions throughout the spinal cor ...1977195206
recommendations for a national policy on poliomyelitis vaccination.declining numbers of adequately vaccinated persons, new data about the comparative safety and effectiveness of live, attenuated and killed poliomyelitis-virus vaccines, increased consumer awareness of adverse reactions and pressure from manufacturers seeking protection from liability were factors leading the institute of medicine to re-examine poliomyelitis vaccination programs. the relative merits of live and killed virus vaccines as immunizing agents were reviewed within the context of the 60 ...1977195207
stimulation of synthesis of the proteins of 30-s nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles in human amnion u cells by viral infection.early increase in rna synthesis induced in human amnion u cells by infection with poliovirus is accompanied by an increased incorporation of amino acids into non-histone nuclear proteins with an approximate molecular weight of 40 000. these proteins are the main polypeptides of the 30-s nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles. after fractionation of nuclear proteins by extraction with solutions of different ionic strength, these polypeptides are present in the fraction of nuclear sap proteins solubl ...1977195613
comparison between adsorption of poliovirus and rotavirus by aluminum hydroxide and activated sludge flocs.adsorption of poliovirus and rotavirus by aluminum hydroxide and activated sludge flocs was studied. both aluminum hydroxide and activated sludge flocs adsorbed greater amounts of poliovirus than rotavirus. aluminum hydroxide flocs reduced the titer of poliovirus in tap water by 3 log10, but they only reduced the titer of a simian rotovirus (sa-11) in tap water by 1 log10 or less and did not noticeably reduce the number of human rotavirus particles present in a dilute stool suspension. activated ...1978205173
untranslated vesicular stomatitis virus messenger rna after poliovirus infection. 1977196392
role of sediment in the persistence of enteroviruses in the estuarine environment.the survival of four enteroviruses commonly found in sewage effluents was examined when the viruses were adsorped to marine sediments in estuarine water and compared with virus survival in estuarine water alone. echovirus 1, coxsackieviruses b3 and a9, and poliovirus 1 survived longer when associated with marine sediment. when the estuarine water was polluted with secondarily treated sewage effluent, virus survived for prolonged periods in sediments, but not in the overlaying estuarine water.1978206204
isolation of apparently wild strains of poliovirus type 1 from sewage in the ottawa area.in the first 4 months of 1974, 140 gauze pad samples of sewage collected in the ottawa area were analysed by the bs-c-1 cell system for the presence of viruses pathogenic for humans. viruses were isolated from 111 (79%) of the samples. of the 72 (65%) isolates identified by serology and electron microscopic examination, 56 (78%) were reoviruses and 16 (22%), enteroviruses. the enterovirus isolates included one coxsackievirus b4, one vaccine strain of poliovirus type 3, nine vaccine strains of po ...1977188533
characterization and classification of virus particles associated with hepatitis a. ii. type and configuration of nucleic acid.virus particles banding at 1.34 g/ml in cscl and sedimenting at 160s in sucrose gradients were isolated from fecal specimens of patients suffering from hepatitis. in the presence of 4 m urea and about 90% formamide, these particles released linear nucleic acid molecules of the kinked appearance characteristic of single-stranded rna or single-stranded dna. they could be distinguished from the nucleic acid of phage lambda added to the preparation as a marker for double-stranded configuration. expe ...1978206731
[studies on virus inactivation by chlorine during water disinfection (author's transl)].the studies described indicate a potential for water-borne transmission of viral diseases and the problems involved in virus inactivation by means of water chlorination. in contrast to the amount of free chlorine, the value of the oxidation-reduction potential (orp) was found to be a criterion of virus inactivation. for virus inactivation, higher orp values and longer periods of contact than for the killing of bacteria, respectively, were found to be necessary. to ensure the inactivation of poli ...1976185851
structural studies of the rna component of the poliovirus replication complex. i. purification and biochemical characterization. 1978208234
structural studies of the rna component of the poliovirus replication complex. ii. characterization by electron microscopy and autoradiography. 1978208235
enhanced poliovirus replication in cytomegalovirus-infected human fibroblasts. 1978208243
increased resistance of trisomic-21 cells to virus replication: role of interferon. 1978208250
poliovirus coat protein as the site of guanidine action. 1977196400
chromosomal site(s) of integration of herpes simplex virus type 2 thymidine kinase gene in biochemically transformed human cells. 1977197027
intranuclear crystal formation in picornavirus-infected cells.cells infected with echovirus or poliovirus were incubated at a suboptimal temperature (28 degrees c). when the cells were examined by electron microscopy, not only were crystalline arrays of mature virus particles observed in the cytoplasm but crystals composed of immature virus-like particles were also evident in the less electron-dense central region of the nucleus. immunofluorescent and autoradiographic studies revealed the presence of viral proteins and rna in the nucleus. these findings st ...1978208486
analysis of poliovirus antibody complexes by density gradient centrifugation.analysis of poliovirus antibody complexes by sucrose density gradient centrifugation demonstrated differences in behavior of sensitized virus between early and late serum, particularly with regard to neutralizing capacity of different concentrations of antiserum.1978208491
the role of membrane association of antigens in induction of cell-mediated immunity to viruses. 1978208808
the use of cytochalasins in studies on the molecular biology of virus--host cell interactions.in conclusion, one can say that the cytochalasins--in their brief history of application in virology--have proven to be valuable tools in studies on the molecular biology of virus--host cell interactions. on the other hand, viral systems can be useful in defining the primary sites of action of cytochalasins in certain cells. in interpreting the effects of cytochalasins on virus replication, however, one must take into consideration that the cytochalasins exert a wide variety of alterations in ce ...1978208877
establishment of a persistent measles virus infection in hep-2 cells.a productive measles virus persistent infection has been established in hep-2 cells. greater than 90% of the persistently infected hep-2 cells (h2mv) exhibited measles specific immunofluorescence and haemadsorption. although most of the h2mv cells contained measles specific antigens, only a small percentage (less than 1%) actually produced infectious measles virus as determined by infectious centre assays. the measles virus produced by h2mv cells exhibited properties different from the initiatin ...1978209291
differential inhibition of host cell rna synthesis in several picornavirus-infected cell lines.patterns of cellular rna synthesis during poliovirus (types 1,2 and 3) and mengovirus infections in hela, hep-2, vero and l-cells were investigated by means of high-resolution autoradiography, kinetics of 3h-uridine incorporation, and sucrose gradient centrifugation. only mengovirus-infected l-cells showed an early and exponential inhibition of hnrna and rrna synthesis. the other cell lines tested, whether infected with polio- or mengovirus, exhibited a slowly and linearly decreasing cellular rn ...1978210138
comparison of poliovirus detection in sewage and stool samples; a study in a crèche in the third week after vaccination.in a model experiment conducted in a prague crèche, the detection rate for polioviruses in partially purified, non-concentrated sewage as sampled by means of gauze pads (moore's method) was compared with that for individual stool samples. in the third week after the vaccination of children with live attenuated type 1 poliovirus (march 1975) and at an equal interval after their vaccination with a combination of types 2 and 3 (may 1975), corresponding poliovirus types were detected both in individ ...1977197033
the genome-linked protein of picornaviruses. iv. difference in the vpg's of encephalomyocarditis virus and poliovirus as evidence that the genome-linked proteins are virus-coded. 1978210567
viruses in sewage: effect of phosphate removal with calcium hydroxide (lime).during calcium hydroxide (lime) treatment (ph 9.6 to 10.5) of wastewaters for phosphate removal there was also a two-log removal of added poliovirus (type i, sabin) from effluents. a similar virus reduction was seen in the sludge generated in these experiments. however, in view of the limitations of techniques for virus recovery from sludge, only a small portion of the infectious virus present in lime sludge may have been detected. storage of lime sludge at 28 degrees c for up to 48 h produced n ...1978210918
correlation of virus polypeptide structure with attenuation of poliovirus type 1.several avirulent samples of poliovirus type 1 derived in the process attenuating the neurovirulent mahoney strain show an altered virus capsid polypeptide, vp-1, on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of sodium dodecyl sulfate-disrupted virions.1977197272
proteolysis of noncapsid protein 2 of type 3 poliovirus at the restrictive temperature: breakdown of noncapsid protein 2 correlates with loss of rna synthesis.inhibition of rna synthesis of the lh strain of type 3 poliovirus at the restrictive temperature occurs concurrently with the breakdown of noncapsid virus-specific peptide 2. this finding, along with other reported data (b.d. korant, in proteases and biological control, p. 621-644, 1975), suggests that noncapsid virus-specific peptide 2 is a component of the viral replicase.1978211270
investigations on the presence of enteroviruses in drinking water.out of 220 tap-water samples examined, 3.64% were found to contain enteroviruses. the 11 isolates included 3 attenuated poliovirus, 2 coxsackie a4 and 6 untyped strains. the necessity of improving the treatment of drinking water, especially by disinfection, is outlined.1978211707
[inactivation of viruses in water by anodic oxidation (author's transl)].the inactivating effect of anodic oxidation on viruses performed in an experimental electrolytic polarization unit was investigated with 11 different viruses suspended in tap and superficial water. furthermore attempts were made to define the influence of factors important in experimental and water respect. using concentrations up to 10(4) infectious units per ml representing a multiple quantity of the virus demonstrable in contaminated environmental waters all the viruses investigated could be ...1978211753
jejunal viral antigen in multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. 1978211830
[rapid virus diagnosis by electrosyneresis (author's transl)].electrosyneresis (counter-current immunoelectrophoresis) detected the presence of 7 coxsackieviruses and 1 poliovirus in 70 specimens of stools. identical results were obtained by inoculation of mice and tissue cultures. first screening of specimens was undertaken with a human "standard" gammaglobulin; only specimens precipitating with this reagent contained viral antigens. hence, especially in children, all negative stools could be excluded from subsequent tests with antiserum pools and monospe ...1978211893
virus detection on grapes.grapes inoculated with poliovirus 1 and coxsackievirus b5 were washed with water, 0.5% polyehtylene glycol, or phosphate-buffered saline with 1% serum. these washes were equally efficient at removing virus but much of the virus in the water was noninfectious until treated with 0.5% polyethylene glycol.1977198080
biological properties of poliovirus encapsulated in lipid vesicles: antibody resistance and infectivity in virus-resistant cells.we present evidence that poliovirus can be encapsulated in synthetic large phospholipid vesicles. the virus associated with the vesicles is found to be (i) resistant to antiserum against poliovirus and (ii) infectious for cells that are normally resistant to virus infection because of a membrane restriction. our interpretation of these results is that the virus is entrapped in the interior aqueous space of the vesicles and that this vesicle-associated virus is introduced directly into the cytopl ...1977198787
[precipitation antibodies against poliovirus in patients with poliomyelitis].sera from 26 children bearing poliomyelitis caused by virus tipe i and from 47 cases with paralysis of different etiology (non-poliomyelitic) were tested against antigen of poliovirus types i, ii and iii with an agar-immunoprecipitation reaction. all sera with neutralizing antibodies with titres of 1:1250 gave positive results in immunodifusion tests. the percentage of positiveness decrease with lower titres. no false positive reactions were found. immunodiffusion test with antigens of polioviru ...1977199122
wescodyne: lack of activity against poliovirus in the presence of organic matter.the national institute of health guidelines for recombinant dna research recommends 2% aqueous wescodyne, an iodophore that is used in many hospitals and laboratories as a disinfectant, as a decontaminant for biological safety cabinets and 5% for a spill outside a cabinet. a contact time of 10 to 15 minutes was given for the 2% solution and 20 minutes was considered adequate for the 5% concentration. the results indicate: 1. aqueous wescodyne (5%) is ineffective when used for 80 minutes against ...1978212387
[early effect of poliomyelitis virus on 5'-nucleotidase activity in hela cells].one of the earlier effects of poliovirus was the maintaining of a high level of hela cells 5'-nucleotidase activity (maximal efficiency for a virus/cell ratio = 500 id 50/cell) (id50:50% infections dose). the activity decreased when cells were suspended in the presence of edta(edta:ethylene diamine tetracetic acid) and was partially restored by adding 10 mm mg++ interactions are discussed.1977199374
two initiation sites for translation of poliovirus rna in vitro: comparison of lsc and mahoney strains.previous studies in our laboratory provided evidence that the initiation of translation by the mahoney strain of poliovirus type 1 rna in vitro occurs at two unique sites. this study shows that the lsc strain of poliovirus type 1, a multistep, temperature-sensitive mutant of the mahoney strain, also utilizes two sites for the initiation of translation in vitro. incorporation of formyl-[35s]methionine into the amino terminus of newly synthesized polypeptides revealed the production of two labeled ...1978212609
replication of poliovirus (lsc 2 ab) in perfused cultures of mrc-5 diploid cells.application of a new perfusion culture system to the propagation of poliovirus type 1 (lsc 2 ab) in mrc-5 cells is described. virus production was compared in perfused and stationary cultures of cells at the 26th to 30th population doubling. yield of virus per cell and unit growth surface area were found to be consistently higher in the perfused system by factors of three to five fold respectively. the influence of experimental conditions on these results and the potential of perfusion for large ...1976201522
relative sensitivity of three cell substrates to the sabin poliovirus strains.poliovirus types 1, 2 and 3 (sabin strains) were titrated using microtissue culture plates in three different cell substrates: hep 2c, vero and mrc-5 human diploid cells. each type of poliovirus was titrated 60 times. the virus dilutions were inoculated in the three cell substrates and the titres (tcid50/ml) calculated by the spearman-kärber method. the results were analyzed by the u-test (mann and whitney procedure) in a wang 600 computer. for poliovirus type 1 the differences in titres observe ...1976201523
the possible role of the equestron as an achilles' heel for chemotherapy of picornavirus infections. 1977212991
virus production with a newly developed microcarrier system.primary cell cultures as well as established lines have been grown on a recently developed microcarrier configuration that overcomes the problem of toxicity attendant on earlier developments in this technology. virus yields from these cells propagated on the new microcarriers have been measured. microcarrier-grown cells, when compared to roller-bottle-grown cells, gave virus yields on a per-cell basis that varied from slightly greater with the sindbis virus-chinese hamster ovary cells and polio- ...1977202193
the effect of cesium salts on dense poliovirus particles.the buoyant density of dense poliovirus particles has been examined in density gradients other than cesium chloride in order to determine the dependence of this property on the nature of the solvent. in urografin (sodium and methylglucamine amidotrizoate), dense poliovirus particles banded at two densities--1.33 and 1.39 g/cm(3)--whereas in cesium metrizoate they banded only at 1.39 g/cm(3) and in cesium sulfate at 1.38 g/cm(3). the presence of cesium ions gives rise to the occurrence of dense p ...1978213398
relations between poliovirus polypeptides as shown by tryptic peptide analysis.poliovirus proteins were labelled in vivo with [35s]-methionine, and the major products of translation and cleavage were separated by electrophoresis and compared in terms of two-dimensional tryptic peptide maps visualized by autoradiography. the main intermediates p110 and p90 had few or no methionine-labelled sequences in common, but were both contained in, and therefore almost fully account for, the presumed primary translation product p210. the sequences of p79, a major stable product of cle ...1975213531
a high density component in several vertebrate enteroviruses.in addition to the major infective component, which bands at a density of 1:34 g/ml in caesium chloride ("light component"), a component with a density of 1:44 g/ml ("heavy component") has been found in harvests of poliovirus (type i), coxsackie b5 virus, a bovine enterovirus (vg-5-27) and swine vesicular disease virus (svdv). with svdv about 98% of the infectivity equilibrated at 1 . 34 g/ml but approx. 2% was present as a peak at 1 . 44 g/ml. the morphology of the two forms was similar but the ...1975213532
a simple method for concentration of enteroviruses and rotaviruses from cell culture harvests using membrane filters.organic compounds in cell culture harvests known as membrane-coating components (mcc) prevent virus adsorption to membrane filters. blending cell culture harvests with fluorocarbon removed the mcc and permitted adsorption of virus in acidified harvests to epoxy-fiberglass filters. subsequent elution with high ph buffer resulted in recovery of greater than 90% of the virus with concentrations of up to 100-fold.1978202572
in vivo regulation of the poliovirus rna polymerase. 1978213878
properties of poliovirus propagated in medium containing cesium chloride: implications for picornaviral structure. 1978213888
isoelectric focusing of viral polypeptides in urea. a methodological study on poliovirus.the applicability of isoelectric focusing in urea to the analysis of viral polypeptides is reported, using poliovirus as a model. experimental techniques for the dissociation of virus particles, for isoelectric focusing in urea-containing polyacrylamide gels (rods, flat bed and slab gels) and for ph measurement and two-dimensional analysis are described and their results, as applied to poliovirus polypeptides, discussed. special attention is given to problems of recovery of all of the proteins a ...1978202609
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