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modulation of human multidrug-resistance mdr-1 gene by natural curcuminoids.multidrug resistance (mdr) is a phenomenon that is often associated with decreased intracellular drug accumulation in patient's tumor cells resulting from enhanced drug efflux. it is related to the overexpression of a membrane protein, p-glycoprotein (pgp-170), thereby reducing drug cytotoxicity. a variety of studies have tried to find mdr modulators which increase drug accumulation in cancer cells.200415090070
anti-apoptotic effects of curcumin on photosensitized human epidermal carcinoma a431 cells.photodynamic treatment (pdt) can elicit a diverse range of cellular responses, including apoptotic cell death. previously, we showed that pdt stimulates caspase-3 activation and subsequent cleavage and activation of p21-activated kinase 2 (pak2) in human epidermal carcinoma a431 cells. curcumin, the yellow pigment of curcuma longa, is known to have anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. in the present study, using rose bengal (rb) as the photosensitizer, we investigated the effect of cur ...200415095415
curcumin, a major constituent of turmeric, corrects cystic fibrosis defects.cystic fibrosis is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (cftr). the most common mutation, deltaf508, results in the production of a misfolded cftr protein that is retained in the endoplasmic reticulum and targeted for degradation. curcumin is a nontoxic ca-adenosine triphosphatase pump inhibitor that can be administered to humans safely. oral administration of curcumin to homozygous deltaf508 cftr mice in doses comparable, on a weight-p ...200415105504
induction of apoptosis in human lung cancer cells by curcumin.curcumin, a phenolic compound from the rhizome of the plant curcuma longa has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-cancer activities. although the precise mode of action of this compound is not yet elucidated, studies have shown that chemo-preventive action of curcumin might be due to its ability to induce apoptosis and to arrest cell cycle. this study investigated the cellular and molecular changes induced by curcumin leading to the induction of apoptosis in human lung cancer cell lines-a549 ...200415142674
ectopic expression of bcl-xl or ku70 protects human colon cancer cells (sw480) against curcumin-induced apoptosis while their down-regulation potentiates it.curcumin, the yellow pigment derived from curcuma longa, is known to induce apoptosis of several cancer cells. however, many cancer cells protect themselves by over-expressing antiapoptotic proteins such as bcl-xl or ku70. to study their role in curcumin-induced apoptosis, human colon cancer cells (sw480) were made to over-express or under-express bcl-xl (by stable transfection) and ku70 (by transient transfection) using plasmid constructs that express their genes in sense or antisense orientati ...200415205359
inhibitory activity of diarylheptanoids on farnesyl protein transferase.diarylheptanoids [curcumin (1), demethoxycurcumin (2), bisdemethoxycurcumin (3), bisdimethoxymethylcurcumin (4), and 1,2-dihydrobis(de-o-methyl)curcumin (5)] were isolated from the methanolic extract of curcuma longa l. and a new cyclic diarylheptanoid (6) and a known compound 7 were isolated from fruits of alnus japonica steud. diarylheptanoids (1-3) inhibited farnesyl protein transferase (fptase) with an ic50 of 29-50 microm. the other compounds very mildly inhibited fptase, therefore, the inh ...200415214479
modulatory properties of various natural chemopreventive agents on the activation of nf-kappab signaling pathway.to study and compare effects of selected natural chemopreventive agents on the transcription activation of nuclear factor-kappa b (nf-kappab) in human ht-29 colon cancer cells.200415139523
indian food ingredients and cancer prevention - an experimental evaluation of anticarcinogenic effects of garlic in rat colon.the major food items of indian cuisine include rice, wheat, diary products, and abundant fruits and vegetables. beside these, there are several kinds of herbs and spices as important ingredients, containing many phytochemicals with medicinal properties, adding taste to indian cuisine. an impressive body of data exists in support of the concept that indian food ingredients can be used in preventive strategies aimed at reducing the incidence and mortality of different types of cancers because of t ...200415244513
curcumin sensitizes prostate cancer cells to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand/apo2l by inhibiting nuclear factor-kappab through suppression of ikappabalpha phosphorylation.epidemiologic studies suggest that diet rich in plant-derived foods plays an important role in the prevention of prostate cancer. curcumin, the yellow pigment in the spice turmeric, has been shown to exhibit chemopreventive and growth inhibitory activities against multiple tumor cell lines. we have shown previously that curcumin and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (trail)/apo2l interact to induce cytotoxicity in the lncap prostate cancer cell line. in this study, we inves ...200415252141
induction of apoptosis by ar-turmerone on various cell lines.this study investigated the cytotoxic effect of ar-turmerone isolated from turmeric (curcuma longa l) on the k562, l1210, u937 and rbl-2h3 cell lines by the mtt assay. ar-turmerone exhibited potent cytotoxicity on these cancer cell lines. the ic50 values of ar-turmerone on these cell lines were 20-50 microg/ml. they showed an increased inhibition ratio on cell viability according to the drug concentration < or = 80 microg/ml in the cell lines tested. the dna fragmentation that is a characteristi ...200415254774
curcumin for malaria therapy.malaria remains a major global health concern. new, inexpensive, and effective antimalarial agents are urgently needed. here we show that curcumin, a polyphenolic organic molecule derived from turmeric, inhibits chloroquine-resistant plasmodium falciparum growth in culture in a dose dependent manner with an ic(50) of approximately 5 microm. additionally, oral administration of curcumin to mice infected with malaria parasite (plasmodium berghei) reduces blood parasitemia by 80-90% and enhances th ...200515582601
curcumin induces c-jun n-terminal kinase-dependent apoptosis in hct116 human colon cancer cells.curcumin, the major pigment of the dietary spice turmeric has the potential for chemoprevention by promotion of apoptosis. mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) and nf-kappa b (nfkappab) signalling cascades are thought to regulate apoptosis and cell survival. while curcumin inhibits nfkappab, its effects upon the mapk pathways are unclear. this study investigates curcumin effects upon mapk signalling and apoptosis in hct116 cells. here we report that curcumin time- and dose-dependent induction ...200415256484
antioxidant effect of curcumin in selenium induced cataract of wistar rats.wistar rat pups treated with curcumin, a natural constituent of curcuma longa before being administered with selenium showed no opacities in the lens. the lipid peroxidation, xanthine oxidase enzyme levels in the lenses of curcumin and selenium co-treated animals were significantly less when compared to selenium treated animals. the superoxidase dismutase and catalase enzyme activities of curcumin and selenium co-treated animal lenses showed an enhancement. curcumin co-treatment seems to prevent ...200415260112
early human safety study of turmeric oil (curcuma longa oil) administered orally in healthy volunteers.turmeric extract and turmeric oil have shown chemoprotective effect against chemically-induced malignancies in experimental animals. they can reverse precancerous changes in oral submucous fibrosis in humans. the use of turmeric or curcuma longa linn as a spice and household remedy has been known to be safe for centuries. in view of the long term administration required for cancer prevention a phase i clinical trial of turmeric oil (to) was designed to study the safety and tolerance of to in vol ...200315260388
protective effects of curcuma longa on ischemia-reperfusion induced myocardial injuries and their mechanisms.the present study was undertaken to evaluate the cardioprotective potential of curcuma longa (turmeric) in the ischemia-reperfusion (i/r) model of myocardial infarction (mi). wistar rats were divided into three groups and received saline orally (sham, control i/r group) and curcuma longa 100 mg/kg (cl-100 treated group) respectively for one month. on the 31st day, rats of the control i/r and cl treated groups were subjected to 45 min of occlusion of the lad coronary artery and were thereafter re ...200415268970
evidence against the rescue of defective deltaf508-cftr cellular processing by curcumin in cell culture and mouse models.curcumin, the yellow colored component of the spice turmeric, has been reported to rescue defective deltaf508-cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (cftr) cellular processing in homozygous mutant mice, restoring nasal potential differences and improving survival (egan, m. e., pearson, m., weiner, s. a., rajendran, v., rubin, d., glockner-pagel, j., canny, s., du, k., lukacs, g. l., and caplan, m. j. (2004) science 304, 600-602). because of the implied potential use of curcumin or s ...200415280357
curcumin damages dna in human gastric mucosa cells and lymphocytes.the naturally occurring pigment curcumin, a major component of the spice turmeric, is reported to be a potent inhibitor of the initiation and promotion of many cancers. due to its presence in the diet, one of its primary targets is the human gastric mucosa (gm) cells. using the sensitive single cell electrophoresis method (comet assay), we found that curcumin at of 15, 25, and 50 microm caused dna damage in gm cells and human peripheral blood lymphocytes. there was no difference between the exte ...199915281237
a water extract of curcuma longa l. (zingiberaceae) rescues pc12 cell death caused by pyrogallol or hypoxia/reoxygenation and attenuates hydrogen peroxide induced injury in pc12 cells.a number of studies indicate that free radicals are involved in the neurodegeneration in alzheimer's disease (ad). the role of superoxide anion (o2*-) in neuronal cell injury induced by reactive oxygen species (ros) was examined in pc12 cells using pyrogallol (1,2,3-benzenetrior), a donor to release o2*-. pyrogallol induced pc12 cell death at concentrations, which evidently increased intracellular o2*-, as assessed by o2*- sensitive fluorescent precursor hydroethidine (het). a water extract of c ...200415350833
comparative effects of curcumin and an analog of curcumin on alcohol and pufa induced oxidative stress.alcoholic liver disease is a major medical complication of alcohol abuse and a common liver disease in western countries. increasing evidence demonstrates that oxidative stress plays an important etiologic role in the development of alcoholic liver disease. alcohol alone or in combination with high fat is known to cause oxidative injury. the present study therefore aims at evaluating the protective role of curcumin, an active principle of turmeric and a synthetic analog of curcumin (ca) on alcoh ...200415367386
curcumin as a dna topoisomerase ii poison.curcumin, the major active component of the spice turmeric, is recognised as a safe compound with great potential for cancer chemoprevention and cancer therapy. it induces apoptosis, but its initiation mechanism remains poorly understood. curcumin has been assessed on the human cancer cell lines, tk-10, mcf-7 and uacc-62, and their ic50 values were 12.16, 3.63, 4.28 microm respectively. the possibility of this compound being a topoisomerase ii poison has also been studied and it was found that 5 ...200315008515
effect of curcumin on normal and tumor cells: role of glutathione and bcl-2.curcumin, a well-known dietary pigment derived from curcuma longa, inhibited growth of several types of malignant cells both in vivo and in vitro. however, its mechanism of action still remains unclear. in this study, we have focused primarily on the cytotoxic effects of curcumin on three human tumor cell lines and rat primary hepatocytes. curcumin induced apoptosis in mcf-7, mdamb, and hepg2 cells in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. apoptosis was mediated through the generation of re ...200415367704
curcumin, a novel p300/creb-binding protein-specific inhibitor of acetyltransferase, represses the acetylation of histone/nonhistone proteins and histone acetyltransferase-dependent chromatin transcription.acetylation of histones and non-histone proteins is an important post-translational modification involved in the regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes and all viral dna that integrates into the human genome (e.g. the human immunodeficiency virus). dysfunction of histone acetyltransferases (hats) is often associated with the manifestation of several diseases. in this respect, hats are the new potential targets for the design of therapeutics. in this study, we report that curcumin (diferuloy ...200415383533
evaluation of dna damage in mice topically exposed to total particulate matter from mainstream and sidestream smoke from cigarettes and bidis.the genotoxic potential of total particulate matter (tpm) from mainstream smoke (ms) and sidestream smoke (ss) of indian smoking products, namely cigarettes and bidis, as well as a brand of us cigarettes, was studied by determining the levels of bulky aromatic dna adducts in mouse tissues. tpm from ms or ss of various smoking products [equal weights (2.5 mg) or the amount derived from equal (0.25) cigarette/bidi] was applied topically to mouse skin once a day for four consecutive days and adduct ...200415388816
prooxidant activity of curcumin: copper-dependent formation of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine in dna and induction of apoptotic cell death.curcumin, a well-known antioxidant in a principal ingredient of turmeric, acted as a prooxidant causing a copper-dependent dna damage and the induction of apoptosis. treatment of dna from plasmid pbr322 and calf thymus with curcumin plus copper ion caused strand scission and the formation of 8-hydroxy-2(')-deoxyguanosine in dna. addition of catalase protected dna from the curcumin-dependent injuries, indicating that hydroxyl radical may participate in the dna damage. flow cytometry analysis show ...200415465643
biochemical mechanism of modulation of human p-glycoprotein (abcb1) by curcumin i, ii, and iii purified from turmeric powder.p-glycoprotein (pgp, abcb1) is an atp-dependent drug efflux pump linked to development of multidrug resistance (mdr) in cancer cells. previously [biochem pharmacol 2002;64:573-82], we reported that a curcumin mixture could modulate both function and expression of pgp. this study focuses on the effect of three major curcuminoids--curcumin i, ii and iii purified from a curcumin mixture--on modulation of pgp function in a multidrug resistant human cervical carcinoma cell line (kb-v1). the similar i ...200415476675
antimutagenicity of herbal detoxification formula smoke shield against environmental mutagens.smoke shield is a formulation designed to reduce smoke related mutagenicity and toxicity in the population. smoke shield contains a dual extract of turmeric (curcuma longa) obtained by supercritical co2 gas extraction and post-supercritical hydroethanolic extraction together with extracts of green tea and other spices, whose presence synergistically increases the activity of turmeric. in the present study we have shown its antimutagenic activity to various environmental mutagens in vitro and in ...200415149152
antimicrobial and chemopreventive properties of herbs and spices.herbs and spices have been used for generations by humans as food and to treat ailments. scientific evidence is accumulating that many of these herbs and spices do have medicinal properties that alleviate symptoms or prevent disease. a growing body of research has demonstrated that the commonly used herbs and spices such as garlic, black cumin, cloves, cinnamon, thyme, allspices, bay leaves, mustard, and rosemary, possess antimicrobial properties that, in some cases, can be used therapeutically. ...200415180577
curcumin blocks multiple sites of the tgf-beta signaling cascade in renal cells.over-expression of transforming growth factor-beta (tgf-beta) contributes greatly to fibrotic kidney disease. the activator protein-1 (ap-1) inhibitor curcumin, a polyphenolic compound derived from curcuma longa, has been shown to reduce collagen accumulation in experimental pulmonary fibrosis. here, we investigate curcumin's ability to modulate tgf-beta's profibrotic actions in vitro.200415200418
constitutive activation of transcription factor ap-1 in cervical cancer and suppression of human papillomavirus (hpv) transcription and ap-1 activity in hela cells by curcumin.the transcription factor ap-1 plays a central role in the transcriptional regulation of specific types of high-risk human papillomaviruses (hpvs) such as hpv16 and hpv18, which are etiologically associated with the development of cancer of the uterine cervix in women. in our study, we investigated the ap-1 binding activity and the expression pattern of different members of the ap-1 transcription factor family (c-jun, junb, jund, c-fos, fosb, fra-1 and fra-2) in different grades of cervical lesio ...200515514944
antihyperglycaemic and antioxidant effect of hyponidd, an ayurvedic herbomineral formulation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.hyponidd is a herbomineral formulation composed of the extracts of ten medicinal plants ( momordica charantia, melia azadirachta, pterocarpus marsupium, tinospora cordifolia , gymnema sylvestre, enicostemma littorale, emblica officinalis, eugenia jambolana, cassia auriculata and curcuma longa). we have investigated hyponidd for its possible antihyperglycaemic and antioxidant effect in diabetic rats. rats were rendered diabetic by streptozotocin (stz) (45 mg kg(-1) body weight). oral administrati ...200415525451
antioxidant availability of turmeric in relation to its medicinal and culinary uses.turmeric (curcuma longa) has been used in indian cooking, and in herbal remedies. its possible mechanism of action was examined in terms of antioxidant availability during actual cooking conditions and in therapeutic applications using standardized extracts. the assays involve different levels of antioxidant action such as oxygen radical absorbance capacity (orac), radical scavenging abilities using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (dpph), 2,2'-azobis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (abts), ...200415551376
curcumin, the active constituent of turmeric, inhibits amyloid peptide-induced cytochemokine gene expression and ccr5-mediated chemotaxis of thp-1 monocytes by modulating early growth response-1 transcription factor.epidemiological studies show reduced risk of alzheimer's disease (ad) among patients using non-steroidal inflammatory drugs (nsaid) indicating the role of inflammation in ad. studies have shown a chronic cns inflammatory response associated with increased accumulation of amyloid peptide and activated microglia in ad. our previous studies showed that interaction of abeta1-40 or fibrilar abeta1-42 caused activation of nuclear transcription factor, early growth response-1 (egr-1), which resulted in ...200415569263
botanical medicine and cancer: a review of the safety and efficacy.it is currently estimated that > 50% of all patients diagnosed with cancer explore complementary and alternative medicine - especially herbal medicine. we conducted a comprehensive review to assess the safety and efficacy of herbal medicines commonly used by patients in an attempt to: prevent cancer; treat cancer; and treat adverse effects associated with conventional cancer treatments. current evidence suggests that asian ginseng, garlic, green tea, tomatoes and soy intake as part of the diet m ...200415571467
effects of dietary quillaja saponin and curcumin on the performance and immune status of weaned piglets.the objective of this study was to determine whether dietary quillaja saponin and curcumin (extract of turmeric) can modify piglet immune status and performance immediately after weaning. piglets (n = 192) were weaned at 29 +/- 0.1 d and allocated to treatment (six replicates of eight pig per treatment) accounting for weight, litter, and gender, using a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement. factors were diets with or without (as-fed basis) quillaja saponin (750 mg/kg during wk 1, 300 mg/kg during wk 2 to ...200515583046
correction of the cf defect by curcumin: hypes and disappointments.cystic fibrosis (cf), the most-common lethal hereditary disease in the white population, is caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (cftr) gene. the mutation that is most frequently responsible for the disease, deltaf508, causes misfolding and retention of the cftr protein in the endoplasmic reticulum. this leads to a series of cellular dysfunctions and results in a multi-organ disease. in a recent report, egan et al.(1) demonstrated that curcumin, a non-to ...200515612029
curcumin regulates expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinases 9 and 2 during prevention and healing of indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer.matrix metalloproteinases (mmps) are suggested to play a critical role in extracellular matrix degradation and remodeling during inflammation and wound healing processes. however, the role of mmps in indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer and its healing process are not clearly understood. this study is aimed at determining the regulation of mmp-9 and -2 activities in indomethacin-induced acute gastric ulceration and healing. indomethacin-ulcerated stomach extracts exhibit significant up-regulation ...200415615723
a novel formulation design about water-insoluble oily drug: preparation of zedoary turmeric oil microspheres with self-emulsifying ability and evaluation in rabbits.to enhance in vivo absorption of zedoary turmeric oil (zto) and develop new formulations of a water-insoluble oily drug, novel zto microspheres with self-emulsifying ability, called self-emulsifying microspheres here, were prepared in a liquid system by the quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion method. the microspheres containing hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (hpmcas-lg), talc and aerosil 200 formed the stable surfactant-free emulsion when exposed to the ph 6.8 phosphate buffer, and ...200415620872
hepatoprotective effect of sesquiterpenes in turmeric.hepatoprotective effect of turmeric together with its sesquiterpenes and curcuminoids fractions were examined on d-galactosamine induced liver injury in rats. all the diets individually contained the turmeric extract, the curcuminoids fraction, and the sesquiterpenes fraction suppressed the increase of ldh, alt, and ast levels caused by d-galn treatment. since few anti-oxidative activities are expected in the sesquiterpenes fraction, it is presumed that hepatoprotective mechanism of sesquiterpen ...200415630192
curcumin influences hepatic expression patterns of matrix metalloproteinases in liver toxicity.hepatic fibrosis is a result of an imbalance between enhanced matrix synthesis and diminished breakdown of connective tissue proteins, the net result of which is increased deposition of extra cellular matrix. in this concept matrix metalloproteinases play an important role because their activity is largely responsible for extra cellular matrix breakdown. in the present study we have tested the influence of curcumin, the active principle of turmeric, on matrix metalloproteinase expression during ...200415646009
effects of dietary chemopreventive phytochemicals on p-glycoprotein function.the effects of dietary phytochemicals on p-glycoprotein function were investigated using human multidrug-resistant carcinoma kb-c2 cells and the fluorescent p-glycoprotein substrates daunorubicin and rhodamine 123. the effects of natural chemopreventive compounds, capsaicin found in chilli peppers, curcumin in turmeric, [6]-gingerol in ginger, resveratrol in grapes, sulforaphane in broccoli, 6-methylsulfinyl hexyl isothiocyanate (6-hitc) in japanese horseradish wasabi, indole-3-carbinol (i3c) in ...200515649425
human colon cancer cells lacking bax resist curcumin-induced apoptosis and bax requirement is dispensable with ectopic expression of smac or downregulation of bcl-xl.multiple apoptotic stimuli induce conformational changes in bax, a proapoptotic protein from the bcl-2 family and its deficiency is a frequent cause of chemoresistance in colon adenocarcinomas. curcumin, a dietary compound from turmeric, is known to induce apoptosis in a variety of cancer cells. to understand the role of bax in curcumin-induced apoptosis we used hct116 human colon cancer cells with one allele of bax gene (bax+/-) and bax knockout hct116 (bax-/-) cells in which bax gene is inacti ...200515661804
screening of antioxidants from medicinal plants for cardioprotective effect against doxorubicin toxicity.doxorubicin is an important and effective anticancer drug widely used for the treatment of various types of cancer but its clinical use is limited by dose-dependent cardiotoxicity. elevated tissue levels of cellular superoxide anion/oxidative stress are a mechanism by which doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. selected medicinal plant extracts were tested for their antioxidant capacity and cardioprotective effect against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. the cardiac myoblasts h9c2 were incubate ...200515667600
consumption of the putative chemopreventive agent curcumin by cancer patients: assessment of curcumin levels in the colorectum and their pharmacodynamic consequences.curcumin, a constituent of the spice turmeric, has been shown to reduce the adenoma burden in rodent models of colorectal cancer accompanied by a reduction of levels of the oxidative dna adduct 3-(2-deoxy-beta-di-erythro-pentafuranosyl)-pyr[1,2-alpha]-purin-10(3h)one (m(1)g) and of expression of the enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (cox-2). we tested the hypothesis that pharmacologically active levels of curcumin can be achieved in the colorectum of humans as measured by effects on levels of m(1)g and co ...200515668484
curcuminoids and sesquiterpenoids in turmeric (curcuma longa l.) suppress an increase in blood glucose level in type 2 diabetic kk-ay mice.turmeric, the rhizome of curcuma longa l., has a wide range of effects on human health. the chemistry includes curcuminoids and sesquiterpenoids as components, which are known to have antioxidative, anticarcinogenic, and antiinflammatory activities. in this study, we investigated the effects of three turmeric extracts on blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetic kk-a(y) mice (6 weeks old, n = 5/group). these turmeric extracts were obtained by ethanol extraction (e-ext) to yield both curcuminoids a ...200515713005
astrocyte production of the chemokine macrophage inflammatory protein-2 is inhibited by the spice principle curcumin at the level of gene transcription.background: in neuropathological processes associated with neutrophilic infiltrates, such as experimental allergic encephalitis and traumatic injury of the brain, the cxc chemokine, macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (mip-2) is thought to play a pivotal role in the induction and perpetuation of inflammation in the central nervous system (cns). the origin of mip-2 in inflammatory disorders of the brain has not been fully defined but astrocytes appear to be a dominant source of this chemokine.curcu ...200515733321
curcumin overcomes the inhibitory effect of nitric oxide on leishmania.upon leishmania infection, macrophages are activated to produce nitrogen and oxygen radicals simultaneously. it is well established that the infected host cells rely on nitric oxide (no) as the major weapon against the intracellular parasite. in india where leishmaniasis is endemic, the spice turmeric is used prolifically in food and for insect bites. curcumin, the active principle of turmeric, is a scavenger of no. this report shows that curcumin protects promastigotes and amastigotes of the vi ...200515772867
design, synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking of curcumin analogues as antioxidant, cyclooxygenase inhibitory and anti-inflammatory agents.curcuminoids were isolated from curcuma longa and their pyrazole and isoxazole analogues were synthesized and evaluated for antioxidant, cox-1/cox-2 inhibitory and anti-inflammatory activities. the designed analogues significantly enhance cox-2/cox-1 selectivity and possess significant anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenan induced rat paw edema assay. pyrazole, isoxazole analogues of curcumin (4 and 7) exhibited higher antioxidant activity than trolox. molecular docking study revealed the bi ...200515780608
curcumin-induced histone hypoacetylation: the role of reactive oxygen species.curcumin (cur), a well-known dietary pigment derived from curcuma longa, is a promising anticancer drug, but its in vivo target molecules remain to be clarified. here we report that exposure of human hepatoma cells to cur led to a significant decrease of histone acetylation. histone acetyltransferase (hat) and histone deacetylase (hdac) are the enzymes controlling the state of histone acetylation in vivo. cur treatment resulted in a comparable inhibition of histone acetylation in the absence or ...200515794941
antimicrobial activity of ultrasound-assisted solvent-extracted spices.the objective of this research was to determine the antimicrobial activity of conventional and high-intensity ultrasound-assisted (hi-us) solvent-extracted thai spices, including ginger (zingiber officinale rose), fingerroot (bosenbergia pandurata holtt) and turmeric (curouma longa linn).200415482429
activation of ppar{gamma} by curcumin inhibits moser cell growth and mediates suppression of gene expression of cyclin d1 and egfr.colorectal cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality in the united states. curcumin, the yellow pigment in turmeric, possesses inhibitory effects on growth of a variety of tumor cells by reducing cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis. effects of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (ppargamma) on stimulating cell differentiation and on inducing cell cycle arrest have attracted attention from the perspective of treatment and prevention of cancer. the ...200515486348
pharmacological basis for the use of turmeric in gastrointestinal and respiratory disorders.this study was carried out to provide scientific basis for the medicinal use of turmeric (curcuma longa) in gastrointestinal and respiratory disorders. the crude extract of turmeric (cl.cr), relaxed the spontaneous and k+ (80 mm)-induced contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum as well as shifted the cacl2 concentration-response curves. in rabbit tracheal preparation, cl.cr inhibited carbachol and k(+)-induced contractions. in anesthetized rats, cl.cr produced variable responses on blood pressure ...200515850601
hypoglycemic effects of turmeric (curcuma longa l. rhizomes) on genetically diabetic kk-ay mice.the turmeric (curcuma longa l. rhizomes) etoh extract significantly suppressed an increase in blood glucose level in type 2 diabetic kk-a(y) mice. in an in vitro evaluation, the extract stimulated human adipocyte differentiation in a dose-dependent manner and showed human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (ppar)-gamma ligand-binding activity in a gal4-ppar-gamma chimera assay. the main constituents of the extract were identified as curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, bisdemethoxycurcumin, and ...200515863912
plant medicines of indian origin for wound healing activity: a review.research on wound healing drugs is a developing area in modern biomedical sciences. scientists who are trying to develop newer drugs from natural resources are looking toward the ayurveda, the indian traditional system of medicine. several drugs of plant, mineral, and animal origin are described in the ayurveda for their wound healing properties under the term vranaropaka. most of these drugs are derived from plant origin. some of these plants have been screened scientifically for the evaluation ...200315866825
thioredoxin reductase is irreversibly modified by curcumin: a novel molecular mechanism for its anticancer activity.the thioredoxin reductase (trxr) isoenzymes, trxr1 in cytosol or nucleus and trxr2 in mitochondria, are essential mammalian selenocysteine (sec)-containing flavoenzymes with a -gly-cys-sec-gly active site. trxrs are the only enzymes catalyzing the nadph-dependent reduction of the active site disulfide in thioredoxins (trxs), which play essential roles in substrate reductions, defense against oxidative stress, and redox regulation by thiol redox control. trxrs have been found to be overexpressed ...200515879598
protective effect of curcumin during selenium induced toxicity on dehydrogenases in hepatic tissue.selenium administration resulted in a marked decrease in the activity levels of the liver succinate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, and lactate dehydrogenase while pyruvate dehydrogenase increased significantly (p<0.001) in the wistar rat. the degree of decrease of these enzymes was significantly less (p<0.001) when rats were treated with curcumin, a natural constituent curcuma longa. curcumin seems to prevent oxidative damage mediated through selenium and protect the dehydrogenases possibl ...200515881869
curcumin prevents methylglyoxal-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in mouse embryonic stem cells and blastocysts.methylglyoxal (mg) is a reactive dicarbonyl compound endogenously produced mainly from glycolytic intermediates. elevated mg levels in diabetes patients are believed to contribute to diabetic complications. mg is cytotoxic through induction of apoptosis. curcumin, the yellow pigment of curcuma longa, is known to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. in the present study, we examined the effect of curcumin on apoptotic biochemical events caused by incubation of esc-b5 cells with mg. ...200515887245
screening of plants containing naja naja siamensis cobra venom inhibitory activity using modified elisa technique.enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) has been modified for screening plants with antagonistic activity to naja naja siamensis cobra venom. aqueous extracts from plants were investigated for their inhibitory effects on the binding of anti-cobra venom antibody to antigen, cobra venom, fixed onto 96-well microtiter plates. ingredients in extracts were allowed to react with immobilized venom before the subsequent addition of antivenom antibody. venom components affected by exposure to the extra ...200515907878
curcumin and turmeric delay streptozotocin-induced diabetic cataract in rats.the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of curcumin and its source, turmeric, on streptozotocin-induced diabetic cataract in rats.200515914628
curcumin blocks hiv protease inhibitor ritonavir-induced vascular dysfunction in porcine coronary arteries.hiv protease inhibitor ritonavir (rtv) is associated with many cardiovascular complications and causes vascular dysfunction through oxidative stress. in the present study, we determined the effects of rtv and curcumin (a pigment derived from turmeric) on porcine coronary arteries.200515922191
the anti-inflammatory compound curcumin inhibits neisseria gonorrhoeae-induced nf-kappab signaling, release of pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines and attenuates adhesion in late infection.neisseria gonorrhoeae (ngo) is a gram-negative pathogenic bacterium responsible for an array of diseases ranging from urethritis to disseminated gonococcal infections. early events in the establishment of infection involve interactions between ngo and the mucosal epithelium, which induce a local inflammatory response. here we analyzed the molecular mechanism involved in the ngo-induced induction of the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnfalpha), interleukin-6 (il-6), and il ...200515927892
protective role of tetrahydrocurcumin (thc) an active principle of turmeric on chloroquine induced hepatotoxicity in rats.purpose: tetrahydrocurcumin (thc) is an antioxidative substance, which is derived from curcumin, the component of turmeric. in the present investigation, the effect of thc and curcumin against chloroquine (cq) induced hepatotoxicity were studied in female wistar rats. methods: on single oral administration of cq (970 mg/kg body weight) the activities of serum marker enzymes namely aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase and alkaline phosphatase and the levels of bilirubin were significantly ...200515946605
antiatherosclerotic effects of dietary supplementations of garlic and turmeric: restoration of endothelial function in rats.protections of endothelial integrity by elimination of certain risk have proven to be effective in maintaining hemostasis and in slowing the progress of the cardiovascular disease. indigenous drugs are the natural source of protection against these disorders, which can be used more effectively by the knowledge of their active ingredients as well as by their mechanism of action. most prominent among these drugs are garlic, [alium sativum l., family: liliaceae, bulbs] and turmeric [curcuma longa l ...200515964306
curcumin inhibits ros formation and apoptosis in methylglyoxal-treated human hepatoma g2 cells.methylglyoxal (mg) is a reactive dicarbonyl compound endogenously produced mainly from glycolytic intermediates. elevated mg levels in diabetes patients are believed to contribute to diabetic complications. mg is cytotoxic through induction of apoptosis. curcumin, the yellow pigment of curcuma longa, is known to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. in the present study, we investigated the effect of curcumin on mg-induced apoptotic events in human hepatoma g2 cells. we report that ...200515965083
the effects of curcumin on depressive-like behaviors in mice.curcuma longa is a major constituent of xiaoyao-san, the traditional chinese medicinal formula, which has been used effectively to treat depression-related diseases in china. there is no information available about the antidepressant activity of curcumin, the active component of curcuma longa. in the present study, we analyzed the effects of curcumin on depressive-like behaviors in mice, using two animal models of depression. our results showed that curcumin treatment at 5 and 10 mg/kg (p.o.) si ...200515987635
curcumin attenuates diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in rats.curcumin (a component of turmeric) has long been used as a spice and food-coloring agent. in experimental animals, curcumin has shown anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic and anti-oxidant properties.200515990684
the effect of turmeric extracts on inflammatory mediator production.major compounds of several commonly used botanicals, including turmeric, have been purported to have anti-inflammatory actions. in order to test the anti-inflammatory activity of compounds isolated from rhizomes of curcuma longa l. (zingiberaceae), we have established an in vitro test system. hl-60 cells were differentiated and exposed to lipopolysaccharide (lps) from escherichia coli (1 microg/ml) in the presence or absence of botanical compounds for 24 h. supernatants were collected and analyz ...200516008121
chemopreventive effects of embelin and curcumin against n-nitrosodiethylamine/phenobarbital-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in wistar rats.the effects of embelin (50 mg/kg/day), a benzoquinone derivative of embelia ribes, and the effects of curcumin (100 mg/kg/day), the active principle of curcuma longa, against n-nitrosodiethylamine (dena)-initiated and phenobarbital (pb)-promoted hepatocarcinogenesis were studied in wistar rats. they were able to prevent the induction of hepatic hyper plastic nodules, body weight loss, increase in the levels of hepatic diagnostic markers, and hypoproteinemia induced by dena/pb treatment. hence, r ...200516009505
curcumin has a palliative action on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.generation of free radicals in kidney cortex plays an important role in the pathogenesis of gentamicin (gm) nephrotoxicity, and curcumin, the yellow curry pigment isolated from turmeric, has been confirmed to have a strong antioxidant action. therefore, in the present work, we aimed at testing the possible protective or palliative effect of curcumin on gm nephrotoxicity. curcumin was given to rats at an oral dose of 200 mg/kg/day for 10 days, and in some of these rats gm was also injected intram ...200516011735
curcuminoids purified from turmeric powder modulate the function of human multidrug resistance protein 1 (abcc1).multidrug resistance is a major cause of chemotherapy failure in cancer patients. one of the resistance mechanisms is the overexpression of drug efflux pumps such as p-glycoprotein and multidrug resistance protein 1 (mrp1, (abcc1)). in this study, curcumin mixture and three major curcuminoids purified from turmeric (curcumin i, ii, and iii) were tested for their ability to modulate the function of mrp1 using hek293 cells stably transfected with mrp1-pcdna3.1 and pcdna3.1 vector alone. the ic(50) ...200616021489
modulatory effect of fenugreek seed mucilage and spent turmeric on intestinal and renal disaccharidases in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.to elucidate the effect of feeding fenugreek seed mucilage and spent turmeric (10%) on disaccharidases activities, the specific activities of intestinal and renal disaccharidases viz., sucrase, maltase and lactase were measured in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. specific activities of intestinal disaccharidases were increased significantly during diabetes and amelioration of these activities during diabetes was clearly visible by supplementing fenugreek seed mucilage and spent turmeric in ...200516021836
nutraceuticals as anti-angiogenic agents: hopes and reality.angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from preexisting vascular network is a driving force of organ development in ontogeny, is necessary for ovulation and hair growth, and is prerequisite for proper wound healing. it is also a critical mechanism of numerous diseases, the most important of which are cancer and atherosclerosis. therefore, modulation of angiogenesis is considered as therapeutic strategies of great importance for human health. numerous bioactive plant compounds, often re ...200515800385
[determination of curcumin in urine by capillary electrophoresis].the major component of the plant curcuma longa (a widely cultivated tropical plant in asia and central america) is curcumin. curcumin has been reported to have very strong anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, anti-oxidant, antiallergic, anti-bacterial, and anti-tumor activities. little is known about the absorption, distribution, and metabolism of curcumin in human beings. the first step in in vivo physiological and pharmacokinetic studies is to develop a method to measure curcumin in body flui ...200415807112
curcumin suppresses interleukin 1beta-mediated microsomal prostaglandin e synthase 1 by altering early growth response gene 1 and other signaling pathways.curcumin (diferuloylmethane) is one of the phytophenolic compounds found in the turmeric plant with anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogenic activities. one possible mechanism for these activities is the inhibition of prostaglandin (pg) e(2) formation. in this study and other reports, curcumin suppresses interleukin-1beta-induced formation of prostaglandin e(2) in a concentration-dependent manner. interleukin-1beta-induced microsomal prostaglandin e synthase 1 (mpges-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 were a ...200516081677
effect of dianex, a herbal formulation on experimentally induced diabetes mellitus.dianex, a polyherbal formulation consisting of the aqueous extracts of gymnema sylvestre, eugenia jambolana, momordica charantia azadirachta indica, cassia auriculata, aegle marmelose, withania somnifera and curcuma longa was screened for hypoglycemic activity in normal and streptozotocin induced diabetic mice. dianex was administered in different doses of 100-500 mg/kg/day orally in acute (6 h) and long-term (6 weeks) studies. blood glucose levels were checked 2-6 h after treatment in acute stu ...200516106394
curcumin (diferuloylmethane) inhibits constitutive active nf-kappab, leading to suppression of cell growth of human t-cell leukemia virus type i-infected t-cell lines and primary adult t-cell leukemia cells.adult t-cell leukemia (atl) is a fatal malignancy of t lymphocytes caused by infection with human t-cell leukemia virus type i (htlv-i) and remains incurable. curcumin (diferuloylmethane), the major pigment of the spice turmeric, can be potentially effective by promoting cell apoptosis. here we examined whether curcumin is effective in the treatment of atl. curcumin prevented cell growth of htlv-i-infected t-cell lines and primary atl cells but not of normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells. c ...200616106398
antiplatelet property of curcuma longa l. rhizome-derived ar-turmerone.the antiplatelet activities of curcuma longa l. rhizome-derived materials were measured using a platelet aggregometer and compared with those of aspirin as antiplatelet agent. the active constituent from the rhizome of curcuma longa l. was isolated and characterized as ar-turmerone by various spectral analyses. at 50% inhibitory concentration (ic50) value, ar-turmerone was effective in inhibiting platelet aggregation induced by collagen (ic50, 14.4 microm) and arachidonic acid (ic50, 43.6 microm ...200616112857
comparative effects of curcumin and its analog on alcohol- and polyunsaturated fatty acid-induced alterations in circulatory lipid profiles.excessive alcohol intake induces hyperlipidemia. studies suggest that natural principles and their analogs are known to possess anti-hyperlipidemic properties. in the present work we tested the effect of curcumin, an active principle of turmeric (curcuma longa), and a curcumin analog on alcohol- and thermally oxidized polyunsaturated fatty acid (deltapufa)- induced hyperlipidemia. male albino wistar rats were used for the experimental study. anti-hyperlipidemic activity of curcumin and curcumin ...200516117621
effects of dietary curcumin or n-acetylcysteine on nf-kappab activity and contractile performance in ambulatory and unloaded murine soleus.unloading of skeletal muscle causes atrophy and loss of contractile function. in part, this response is believed to be mediated by the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa b (nf-kappab). both curcumin, a component of the spice turmeric, and n-acetylcysteine (nac), an antioxidant, inhibit activation of nf-kappab by inflammatory stimuli, albeit by different mechanisms. in the present study, we tested the hypothesis that dietary curcumin or nac supplementation would inhibit unloading-induced n ...200516124875
curcumin suppresses constitutive activation of ap-1 by downregulation of jund protein in htlv-1-infected t-cell lines.activation of the activator protein 1 (ap-1) plays a critical role in oncogenesis by human t-cell leukemia virus type 1 (htlv-1), the etiologic agent of adult t-cell leukemia (atl), and is required for maintenance of the malignant phenotype. curcumin (diferuloylmethane), the major pigment of the spice turmeric, has anti-tumor activity; however, the effect of curcumin against atl has not been elucidated. in this study, we examined the effects of curcumin on ap-1 activity in htlv-1-infected t-cell ...200616157375
antibacterial activity of curcuma longa l. against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus.methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) has been emerging worldwide as one of the most important hospital and community pathogens. therefore, new agents are needed to treat mrsa associated infections. the present study investigated the antimicrobial activity of ethyl acetate, methanol and water extracts of curcuma longa l. (c. longa) against mrsa. the ethyl acetate extract of c. longa demonstrated a higher antibacterial activity than the methanol extract or water extract. since the et ...200516161063
curcumin inhibits human colon cancer cell growth by suppressing gene expression of epidermal growth factor receptor through reducing the activity of the transcription factor egr-1.high expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr) is found in a variety of solid tumors, including colorectal cancer. egfr has been identified as a rational target for anticancer therapy. curcumin, the yellow pigment of turmeric in curry, has received attention as a promising dietary supplement for cancer prevention and treatment. we recently reported that curcumin inhibited the growth of human colon cancer-derived moser cells by suppressing gene expression of cyclind1 and egfr. the aim ...200616170359
antidepressant effects of curcumin in the forced swim test and olfactory bulbectomy models of depression in rats.curcuma longa is a major constituent of xiaoyao-san, the traditional chinese medicinal formula, which has been used to effectively manage stress and depression-related disorders in china. curcumin is the active component of curcuma longa, and we hypothesized that curcumin would have an influence on depressive-like behaviors. the purpose of the present study was to confirm the putative antidepressant effect of chronic administrations of curcumin (1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg, p.o.) in the forced swi ...200516171853
effect of tetrahydrocurcumin on erythromycin estolate-induced lipid peroxidation in rats.erythromycin estolate (eme), a potent macrolide antibiotic, generates free radicals, but their role in the development of liver toxicity is not yet well understood. the present study was carried out to investigate the effect of the antioxidant drug tetrahydrocurcumin (a metabolite of curcumin, the main component of turmeric) against eme-induced lipid peroxidation in rats. the oral administration of combined thc (80 mg/kg body weight) and eme (800 mg/kg body weight) for 15 days significantly decr ...200516187483
inhibition of cellular proliferation and induction of apoptosis by curcumin in human malignant astrocytoma cell lines.nuclear factor (nf)-kappab is known to control cellular proliferation and apoptosis. in malignant astrocytoma cells, it was reported that nf-kappab was activated aberrantly and promoted their proliferation. thus, inhibition of nf-kappab activity is considered to be a promising therapeutic strategy for malignant astrocytoma. recently, curcumin, the major constituent of turmeric, was reported to inhibit nf-kappab activity. in this study, we investigated inhibitory effects of curcumin on nf-kappab ...200516193380
a hplc method for the analysis of germacrone in rabbit plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study of germacrone after administration of zedoary turmeric oil.a validated new, simple and highly sensitive reversed-phase hplc method is developed for studying the pharmacokinetics of germacrone after intravenous administration of zedoary turmeric oil (zto) oil-in-water microemulsion. the method did not require a complex and expensive equipment. a high extraction recovery (>80%) of germacrone was obtained. linear calibration curves obtained with the peak-area ratio (y) of germacrone to internal standard (tanshinoneiia) versus drug concentration (x) were fo ...200516029964
protective role of antioxidative food factors in oxidative stress caused by hyperglycemia.hyperglycemia causes the autoxidation of glucose, glycation of proteins, and the activation of polyol metabolism. these changes accelerate generation of reactive oxygen species (ros) and increases in oxidative chemical modification of lipids, dna, and proteins in various tissues. oxidative stress may play an important role in the development of complications in diabetes such as lens cataracts, nephropathy, and neuropathy. glycation reactions, especially maillard reactions, occur in vivo as well ...200516037265
radioprotection of turmeric extracts in bacterial system.the present study investigates the possible role of crude turmeric extracts in radioprotection by a variety of methods. although curcumin, the main bioactive component of turmeric, has been extensively used in such studies, the efficiency of the crude extracts has been poorly investigated. this study revealed that dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso) extracts of turmeric produces a significant amount of radioprotection, which is very similar in nature and extent to that imparted by curcumin. field inversio ...200516196208
effects of water-soluble antioxidants and mapkk/mek inhibitor on curcumin-induced apoptosis in hl-60 human leukemic cells.curcumin is the main biologically active phytochemical compound in turmeric. it has been shown to have anticarcinogenic activity. the aims of the study were to identify the mechanism of apoptosis of hl-60 human promyelocytic leukemic cells induced by curcumin and to determine the effects of water-soluble antioxidants, ascorbic acid, trolox (a water-soluble form of vitamin e), glutathione (gsh) and n-acetylcysteine (nac) on this process. hl-60 cells were incubated with curcumin for 24 h and apopt ...200516235987
growth inhibitory activities of crude extracts obtained from herbal plants in the ryukyu islands on several human colon carcinoma cell lines.there is increasing interest in the use of herbs for the treatment of human diseases including cancer. therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether crude extracts obtained from 44 herbal plants in the ryukyu islands might contain components capable of inhibiting the growth of a variety of human colon carcinoma cell lines. leaves, roots and other parts of the plants were extracted with chloroform, and the crude extracts were dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide and used for the experim ...200516235999
inhibition of lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation in rat liver mitochondria by curcumin and its analogues.curcumin (1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione, 1) is a yellow ingredient isolated from turmeric (curcumin longa). it has been shown to exhibit a variety of biological activities including antioxidative activity. in order to find more active antioxidants with 1 as the lead compound we synthesized curcumin analogues, i.e., 1-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione (2), 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-7-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5- ...200616236451
immunomodulatory effects of curcumin.curcumin (diferuloylmethane), found in the spice turmeric, exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and chemopreventive activities. however, the effect of curcumin on the immunological responses largely remains unknown. in this study we have investigated the effect of curcumin on mitogen (phytohaemagglutinin; pha) stimulated t-cell proliferation, natural killer (nk) cell cytotoxicity, production of cytokines by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs), nitric oxide (no) production in mou ...200516237958
curcumin inhibits platelet-derived growth factor-stimulated vascular smooth muscle cell function and injury-induced neointima formation.vascular smooth muscle cell (vsmc) migration, proliferation, and collagen synthesis are key events involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. growth factors, such as platelet-derived growth factor (pdgf) and fibroblast growth factor, released during vascular injury plays a pivotal role in regulating these events. curcumin (diferuloyl methane), a major component of the spice turmeric (curcuma longa), has been shown recently to have beneficial effects in chronic conditions, such as in ...200616239599
antimicrobial effect of thai spices against listeria monocytogenes and salmonella typhimurium dt104.the objective of this study was to determine the potential antimicrobial activity of extracts and essential oils of spices from thailand against foodborne pathogenic bacteria. the antimicrobial efficacy of ginger (zingiber officinale), fingerroot (boesenbergia pandurata), and turmeric (curcuma longa) was evaluated against five strains of listeria monocytogenes and four strains of salmonella enterica ssp. enterica serovar typhimurium dt104. antimicrobial activity was investigated in microbiologic ...200516245707
prevention of kainic acid-induced changes in nitric oxide level and neuronal cell damage in the rat hippocampus by manganese complexes of curcumin and diacetylcurcumin.curcumin is a natural antioxidant isolated from the medicinal plant curcuma longa linn. we previously reported that manganese complexes of curcumin (cp-mn) and diacetylcurcumin (diac-cp-mn) exhibited potent superoxide dismutase (sod)-like activity in an in vitro assay. nitric oxide (no) is a free radial playing a multifaceted role in the brain and its excessive production is known to induce neurotoxicity. here, we examined the in vivo effect of cp-mn and diac-cp-mn on no levels enhanced by kaini ...200616266725
prevention of alzheimer's disease: omega-3 fatty acid and phenolic anti-oxidant interventions.alzheimer's disease (ad) and cardiovascular disease (cvd) are syndromes of aging that share analogous lesions and risk factors, involving lipoproteins, oxidative damage and inflammation. unlike in cvd, in ad, sensitive biomarkers are unknown, and high-risk groups are understudied. to identify potential prevention strategies in ad, we have focused on pre-clinical models (transgenic and amyloid infusion models), testing dietary/lifestyle factors strongly implicated in reducing risk in epidemiologi ...200516266772
comparative screening of plant essential oils: phenylpropanoid moiety as basic core for antiplatelet activity.essential oils extracted from different plants (anthemis nobilis l., artemisia dracunculus l., cannabis sativa l., cupressus sempervirens l., cymbopogon citratus (dc.) stapf., curcuma longa l., foeniculum vulgare l., hypericum perforatum l., hyssopus officinalis l., mentha spicata l., monarda didyma l., ocimum basilicum l., ocotea quixos kosterm., origanum vulgare l., pinus nigra j.f. arnold, pinus silvestris l., piper crassinervium kunth., rosmarinus officinalis l., salvia officinalis l., salvi ...200616274702
curcuma longa l. constituents inhibit sortase a and staphylococcus aureus cell adhesion to fibronectin.the inhibitory activity of curcuma longa l. (turmeric) rhizome constituents against sortase a, a bacterial surface protein anchoring transpeptidase, from staphylococcus aureus atcc 6538p was evaluated. the activity of the isolated compounds (1-4) was compared to that of the positive control,p-hydroxymecuribenzoic acid (phmb). the biologically active components of c. longa rhizome were characterized by spectroscopic analysis as the curcuminoids curcumin (1), demethoxycurcumin (2), and bisdemethox ...200516277395
turmeric (curcuma longa) rhizome paste and honey show similar wound healing potential: a preclinical study in rabbits.the potential efficacy of fresh turmeric (curcuma longa) paste to heal wounds was tested in a preclinical study in an animal model. turmeric paste was compared with honey as a topical medicament against a control on experimentally created full-thickness circular wounds in 18 rabbits (oryctolagous cuniculus). wound healing was assessed on the basis of physical, histomorphological, and histochemical parameters on treatment days 0, 3, 7, and 14. only tensile strength was measured on day 14 of treat ...200516286372
expression profiles of apoptotic genes induced by curcumin in human breast cancer and mammary epithelial cell lines.curcumin (diferuloyl methane), the yellow-colored dietary pigment from the rhizomes of turmeric, has been recognized as a chemopreventive agent because of its antitumor, antioxidant and antiproliferative effects. the cytotoxic, apoptotic and gene regulatory effects of both turmeric and curcumin were investigated in the mcf-7 human breast cancer carcinoma cell line and compared with the effects in mcf-10a human mammary epithelial cells. mcf-7 cells were more sensitive to turmeric and curcumin tha ...200516101141
curcumin modulates drug metabolizing enzymes in the female swiss webster mouse.curcumin, the yellow pigment found in turmeric, exhibits potent chemopreventative properties in both in vivo and in vitro cancer models. we hypothesized that this effect may occur via curcumin-mediated changes in enzymes involved in both carcinogen bioactivation and estrogen metabolism. female swiss webster mice were treated with either curcumin (200 mg/kg or 400 mg/kg, p.o.) or vehicle control for 1 or 2 weeks. the results demonstrated that curcumin had no effect on the catalytic activities of ...200616297412
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