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inhibition of proliferation and apoptosis of human and rat t lymphocytes by curcumin, a curry pigment.curcumin (diferuoylmethane), the yellow pigment in the rhizome of tumeric (curcuma longa), an ingredient of curry spice, is known to exhibit a variety of pharmacological effects including antitumor, antiinflammatory, and antiinfectious activities. although its precise mode of action remains elusive, curcumin has been shown to suppress the activity of the ap-1 transcription factor in cells stimulated to proliferate. in this study, we observed that curcumin (50 microm) inhibited proliferation of r ...19979354590
inhibitory effect on curcumin on mammalian phospholipase d activity.curcumin, the major yellow pigment of turmeric (curcuma longa), has strong anti-carcinogenic and anti-inflammatory activities. we examined the effects of curcumin on enzyme activities of the following phospholipases in a cell-free system: g protein-mediated phospholipase d (pld), phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c, and phospholipase a2 from mouse macrophage-like cell line j774.1 cells, sphingomyelinase from bovine brain, and phosphatidylcholine-phospholipase c from bacillus cereus. cu ...19979395294
effect of curcumin and capsaicin on arachidonic acid metabolism and lysosomal enzyme secretion by rat peritoneal macrophages.the inflammatory mediators secreted by macrophages play an important role in autoimmune diseases. spice components, such as curcumin from turmeric and capsaicin from red pepper, are shown to exhibit antiinflammatory properties. the influence of these spice components on arachidonic acid metabolism and secretion of lysosomal enzymes by macrophages was investigated. rat peritoneal macrophages preincubated with 10 microm curcumin or capsaicin for 1 h inhibited the incorporation of arachidonic acid ...19979397403
curcumin, a natural plant phenolic food additive, inhibits cell proliferation and induces cell cycle changes in colon adenocarcinoma cell lines by a prostaglandin-independent pathway.curcumin, the active ingredient of the rhizome of the plant turmeric (curcuma longa linn), a commonly used spice, prevents cancer in animal tumor models. its mechanism of action is unknown; curcumin may act by inhibiting arachidonic acid metabolism. to explore the mechanism of curcumin's chemopreventive effect, we studied its role in proliferation and apoptosis in the ht-29 and hct-15 human colon cancer cell lines. curcumin dose-dependently reduced the proliferation rate of both cell lines, caus ...19979422331
the effect of curcumin on human b-cell immortalization by epstein-barr virus.cyclosporine is a commonly used immunosuppressant in solid-organ transplantation. it is, however, associated with an increased incidence of epstein-barr virus (ebv)induced post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (ptld). in this study, human b lymphocytes isolated from healthy volunteers were immortalized in vitro with ebv. the effect of oxidative stress mediated by cyclosporine a or hydrogen peroxide on in vitro b cell immortalization was studied by coculturing immortalized b cells with cyc ...19989457037
chemopreventive efficacy of curcumin-free aqueous turmeric extract in 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced rat mammary tumorigenesis.the modulating effects of turmeric (t), ethanolic turmeric extract (ete) and curcumin-free aqueous turmeric extract (cfate) on the initiation or post-initiation phases of dmba-induced mammary tumorigenesis were investigated in female sprague-dawley rats. dietary administration of 1% t/0.05% ete 2 weeks before, on the day of dmba treatment (day 55) and 2 weeks after the single dose (15 mg/animal) of dmba (during the initiation period) resulted in significant suppression of dmba-induced mammary tu ...19989461015
strand scission in dna induced by curcumin in the presence of cu(ii).curcumin, a naturally occurring phytochemical responsible for the colour of turmeric, has shown a wide range of pharmacological properties including anti-inflammatory, anti-tumour promoter and anti-oxidant effects. in this paper we show that in the presence of cu(ii), curcumin caused breakage of calf thymus and supercoiled plasmid pbr322 dna. the products were relaxed circles with no detectable linear forms. other metal ions tested (mg(ii), ca(ii), fe(ii) and ni(ii)) were ineffective or less eff ...19989500187
antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic activity of natural and synthetic curcuminoids.five synthetic curcuminoids and three natural curcuminoids were investigated for their antimutagenic and anti-promotional activity. the natural curcuminoids, curcumin i (diferuloylmethane), curcumin ii (feruloyl-p-hydroxycinnamoylmethane) and curcumin iii (bis-(p-hydroxycinnamoyl)methane) isolated from curcuma longa were found to be potent inhibitors of mutagenesis and crotean oil-induced tumour promotion. curcumin iii produced 87.6% inhibition to 2-acetamidofluorene (2-aaf) induced mutagenesis, ...19968879271
curcumin protects against 4-hydroxy-2-trans-nonenal-induced cataract formation in rat lenses.age-related cataractogenesis is a significant health problem worldwide. oxidative stress has been suggested to be a common underlying mechanism of cataractogenesis, and augmentation of the antioxidant defenses of the ocular lens has been shown to prevent or delay cataractogenesis. the present studies were designed to test the efficacy of curcumin, an antioxidant present in the commonly used spice turmeric, in preventing cataractogenesis in an in vitro rat model. rats were maintained on an ain-76 ...19968901798
curcumin and curcumin derivatives inhibit tat-mediated transactivation of type 1 human immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat.the transcription of hiv1 provirus is regulated by both cellular and viral factors. various evidence suggests that tat protein secreted by hiv1-infected cells may have additional action in the pathogenesis of aids because of its ability to also be taken up by non-infected cells. curcumin [diferuloylmethane or 1,7-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione] is the yellow pigment in turmeric curcuma longa (linn). it exhibits a variety of pharmacological effects including antiinflamma ...19989561563
amelioration of renal lesions associated with diabetes by dietary curcumin in streptozotocin diabetic rats.curcumin, the coloring principle of the commonly used spice turmeric (curcuma longa) was fed at 0.5% in the diet to streptozotocin-induced diabetic wistar rats for 8 weeks. renal damage was assessed by the amount of proteins excreted in the urine and the extent of leaching of renal tubular enzymes: nag, ldh, asat, alat, alkaline and acid phosphatases. the integrity of kidney was assessed by measuring the activities of several key enzymes of the renal tissue: glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, gl ...19989562245
novel bioactivities of curcuma longa constituents.bioassay-directed fractionation of ethyl acetate extract from curcuma longa linn. rhizomes yielded three curcuminoids, which displayed topoisomerase i and ii enzyme inhibition activity. curcumin iii (3) was the most active curcuminoid, inhibiting topoisomerase at 25 micrograms ml-1. curcumin i (1) and curcumin ii (2) inhibited the topoisomerases at 50 micrograms ml-1. fractionation of the volatile oil from the rhizomes afforded ar-turmerone (4), which displayed mosquitocidal activity with an ld1 ...19989584408
modulation of radioresponse of glyoxalase system by curcumin.human beings have been exposed to radiation for many years. it is quite possible that antioxidant phytochemicals consumed in their diet might be providing a variable degree of radioprotection. however, their radiomodifying ability is not well understood. in the present work, curcumin (diferuloyl methane), a phytochemical present in the rhizome of curcuma longa linn. has been examined for its radioprotective property using the glyoxalase system which is vital for various biological functions. cur ...199910075116
retardation of experimental tumorigenesis and reduction in dna adducts by turmeric and curcumin.turmeric and its active principle curcumin have been extensively investigated for their antimutagenic and antioxidant effects in bacterial and animal systems. because oral cancers are common in india, an experimental model of 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene-induced buccal pouch tumors in syrian golden hamsters was used to evaluate the tumor retardation effects of turmeric and curcumin. turmeric and/or curcumin was administered in the diet and/or applied locally for 14 weeks along with 7,12-dimethylb ...19989589436
inhibitory effects of curcumin on tumorigenesis in mice.curcumin (diferuloylmethane), the naturally occurring yellow pigment in turmeric and curry, is isolated from the rhizomes of the plant curcuma longa linn. curcumin inhibits tumorigenesis during both initiation and promotion (post-initiation) periods in several experimental animal models. topical application of curcumin inhibits benzo[a]pyrene (b[a]p)-mediated formation of dna-b[a]p adducts in the epidermis. it also reduces 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (tpa)-induced increases in skin infl ...19979591190
influence of piperine on the pharmacokinetics of curcumin in animals and human volunteers.the medicinal properties of curcumin obtained from curcuma longa l. cannot be utilised because of poor bioavailability due to its rapid metabolism in the liver and intestinal wall. in this study, the effect of combining piperine, a known inhibitor of hepatic and intestinal glucuronidation, was evaluated on the bioavailability of curcumin in rats and healthy human volunteers. when curcumin was given alone, in the dose 2 g/kg to rats, moderate serum concentrations were achieved over a period of 4 ...19989619120
effects of curcumin on p-glycoprotein in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes.curcumin is a natural phenolic compound found in the rhizomes of curcuma longa and endowed with beneficial biological activities including antioxidant, anticarcinogenic and hepatoprotective effects. in this study curcumin was tested for its potential ability to interact in vitro with hepatic p-glycoprotein (pgp), in a model system represented by primary cultures of rat hepatocytes, in which spontaneous overexpression of multidrug resistance (mdr) genes occurs. in both freshly-plated hepatocytes, ...19989651124
ethnoveterinary medicines used for ruminants in trinidad and tobago.ethnoveterinary research was conducted in trinidad and tobago in 1995, in order to document existing ethnoveterinary practices. this paper describes 20 medicinal plants used to treat ruminants. the main plants used were azadirachta indica and curcuma longa. medicinal plants were used predominantly for endoparasites, internal and external injuries and pregnancy-related conditions. a 4-stage process was used to conduct the research and document the ethnoveterinary practices. this documentation cou ...19989658442
effect of the beta-diketones diferuloylmethane (curcumin) and dibenzoylmethane on rat mammary dna adducts and tumors induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene.curcumin is a beta-diketone constituent of the spice turmeric that possesses anticarcinogenic properties in several animal models. the present studies were conducted in order to identify beta-diketones structurally-related to curcumin that would be effective dietary blocking agents toward the initiation stage of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (dmba)-induced rat mammary carcinogenesis. of the beta-diketone compounds initially screened for their capacity to induce quinone-reductase (qr) activity i ...19989667742
mechanisms of anticarcinogenic properties of curcumin: the effect of curcumin on glutathione linked detoxification enzymes in rat liver.curcumin, an antioxidant isolated from turmeric (curcuma longa), has been shown to attenuate chemical carcinogenesis in rodents. previous studies have shown that curcumin causes an increase in glutathione s-transferase (gst) activity in rodent liver which may contribute to its anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities. since the effects of curcumin on specific gst isozymes and other glutathione (gsh)-linked enzymes are incompletely defined, we have examined in the present studies the effect o ...19989675878
an ethanolic-aqueous extract of curcuma longa decreases the susceptibility of liver microsomes and mitochondria to lipid peroxidation in atherosclerotic rabbits.atherosclerosis is characterized by oxidative damage which affects lipoproteins, the walls of blood vessels and subcellular membranes. this study evaluates the antioxidant capacity of a curcuma longa extract on the lipid peroxidation of liver mitochondria and microsome membranes in atherosclerotic rabbits. male rabbits fed a 3% (w/w) lard and 1.3% (w/w) cholesterol diet were randomly assigned to three groups. two groups were treated with different dosages of a turmeric extract (a and b) and the ...19989699009
subchronic oral toxicity of turmeric and ethanolic turmeric extract in female mice and rats.subchronic oral toxicity of turmeric and ethanolic turmeric extract was studied in female swiss mice and wistar rats fed turmeric (0, 1 and 5%) and ethanolic turmeric extract (0, 0.05 and 0.25%) through diet for 14 and/or 90 days. the administration of a high dose of turmeric (5%) for longer duration (90 days) showed a significant reduction in body weight gain, alterations in absolute and/or relative liver weights, and hepatotoxicity i.e. focal necrosis or focal necrosis with regeneration both i ...19989704820
effect of curcumin on cell cycle progression and apoptosis in vascular smooth muscle cells.1. the possible mechanisms of the antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of curcumin (diferuloylmethane), a polyphenol in the spice turmeric, on vascular smooth muscle cells were studied in rat aortic smooth muscle cell line (a7r5). 2. the proliferative response was determined from the uptake of [3h]-thymidine. curcumin (10(-6)-10(-4) m) inhibited serum-stimulated [3h]-thymidine incorporation of both a7r5 cells and rabbit cultured vascular smooth muscle cells in a concentration-dependent manner ...19989720770
protective effect of turmeric (curcuma longa l.) extract on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage in rats.the protective effect of tumeric extract (te) in diet on ccl4-treated rats was studied. rats were divided into 5 groups: (1) untreated, (2) ccl4 treated, (3) pre-te for 2 weeks followed by ccl4, (4) te + ccl4 given concurrently and (5) 5% te as positive control. the serum levels of bilirubin, cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase, (ast), alanine amino transferase (ast), (alt) and alkaline phosphatase were estimated after 1, 2 and 3 months. ccl4 caused a maximum increase (2-3-fold in all the ab ...19989731471
curcumin blocks cyclosporine a-resistant cd28 costimulatory pathway of human t-cell proliferation.curcumin (cur) is a phenolic component of common spice, turmeric. we have reported earlier that it possesses antineoplastic and immunosuppressive properties in vitro. it has been reported that cyclosporine a (cya), a commonly used immunosuppressant does not inhibit cd28 costimulatory pathway of t-cell activation. we hypothesized that cur, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, would block cya-resistant cd28 costimulatory pathway of human t cell proliferation.19989733605
mechanism of inhibition of benzo[a]pyrene-induced forestomach cancer in mice by dietary curcumin.curcumin (diferuloylmethane), the major yellow pigment in turmeric, has been shown to inhibit benzo[a]pyrene (bap)-induced forestomach cancer in mice through mechanism(s) not fully understood. it is well known that while cytochrome p4501a1 (cyp1a1) and epoxide hydrolase (eh) are important in the conversion of bap to its activated form, (+)-anti-7,8-dihydroxy-9,10-oxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene [(+)-anti-bapde], the detoxification of (+)-anti-bapde is accomplished by glutathione (gsh) s-tr ...19989744529
suppression of mouse skin tumor promotion and induction of apoptosis in hl-60 cells by alpinia oxyphylla miquel (zingiberaceae).there have been considerable efforts to search for naturally occurring substances for the intervention of carcinogenesis. many components from dietary or medicinal plants have been identified that possess substantial chemopreventive properties. an example is curcumin (curcuma longa linn., zingiberaceae), which has been shown to inhibit tumor promotion in experimental carcinogenesis. alpinia oxyphylla miquel, another plant of the ginger family used in oriental herbal medicine, contains diarylhept ...19989744532
effect of turmeric, turmerin and curcumin on h2o2-induced renal epithelial (llc-pk1) cell injury.cell injury by oxidative stress is an important mechanism for renal epithelial cell destruction. this study observed the protective effect of turmeric and its constituents on h2o2-induced injury. turmeric consists of a water soluble turmerin and lipid soluble curcumin with potent antioxidant properties. confluent llc-pk1 cells were labelled with 3h-arachidonic acid at 0.1 microci/ml over 18 h and then further labelled with 51cr. turmeric ( 100 microg/ml-0.1 microg/ml), turmerin (800 ng/ml-0.8 ng ...19989436613
stimulation of the stress-induced expression of stress proteins by curcumin in cultured cells and in rat tissues in vivo.curcumin, a major component of turmeric, a seasoning commonly used in indian food, and a known antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic agent, is a potent stimulator of the stress-induced expression of hsp27, alphab crystallin and hsp70. when c6 rat glioma cells were exposed to arsenite (100 microm for 1 h), cdcl2 (100 microm for 1 h) or heat (42 degrees c for 30 min) in the presence of 3-10 microm curcumin, induction of the synthesis of all three proteins was markedly stimulated, as ...19989764755
enhancement of wound healing by curcumin in animals.tissue repair and wound healing are complex processes that involve inflammation, granulation, and remodeling of the tissue. in this study, we evaluated the in vivo effects of curcumin (difeurloylmethane), a natural product obtained from the rhizomes of curcuma longa on wound healing in rats and guinea pigs. we observed faster wound closure of punch wounds in curcumin-treated animals in comparison with untreated controls. biopsies of the wound showed reepithelialization of the epidermis and incre ...19989776860
subchronic oral hepatotoxicity of turmeric in mice--histopathological and ultrastructural studies.dietary administration of the whole spice turmeric (0.2%, 1.0%, 5.0%) or ethanolic turmeric extract (ete, 0.05%, 0.25%) for 14 days, at doses reported to be cancer preventive in model systems, were found to be hepatotoxic in mice. histopathological evaluation showed coagulative necrosis accompanied by a zone of regenerating parenchymal cells of liver. the ultrastructural changes in liver parenchymal cells were non-specific reaction to injury. results suggest mouse to be a susceptible species for ...19989782784
quantitation of chemopreventive synergism between (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate and curcumin in normal, premalignant and malignant human oral epithelial cells.an in vitro model for oral cancer was used to examine the growth inhibitory effects of chemopreventive agents when used singly and in combination. the model consists of primary cultures of normal oral epithelial cells, newly established cell lines derived from dysplastic leukoplakia and squamous cell carcinoma. two naturally occurring substances, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (egcg) from green tea and curcumin from the spice turmeric were tested. cells were treated singly and in combination and ...19989525275
detection of antitumor promoting activity in raji cells carrying epstein-barr virus genome by immunoblotting analysis.extract of raji cells treated with sodium n-butyrate (1 mm) and a tumor promoter, 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (tpa, 40 ng/ml), was analyzed by immunoblotting using ten human sera with different antibody titers against epstein-barr virus early antigens. two human sera reacted with one induced polypeptide of 48 kda and its induction was inhibited by curcumin (4 micrograms/ml), an antitumor promoter from turmeric. a mouse antiserum against p3hr-1 cells treated with tpa and sodium n-butyrat ...19989532799
chemopreventive effect of curcumin, a naturally occurring anti-inflammatory agent, during the promotion/progression stages of colon cancer.curcumin, derived from the rhizome of curcuma longa l. and having both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, inhibits chemically induced carcinogenesis in the skin, forestomach, and colon when it is administered during initiation and/or postinitiation stages. this study was designed to investigate the chemopreventive action of curcumin when it is administered (late in the premalignant stage) during the promotion/progression stage of colon carcinogenesis in male f344 rats. we also studied ...19999973206
antitumor activity of curcumin is mediated through the induction of apoptosis in ak-5 tumor cells.curcumin, the yellow pigment of turmeric (curcuma longa), used commonly as a spice, has been shown to possess anticarcinogenic activity. curcumin inhibited ak-5 tumor growth and induced apoptosis in ak-5 cells. curcumin induced apoptosis is mediated through the activation of caspase-3, which is specifically inhibited by the tetrapeptide ac-devd-cho. in addition, curcumin induced tumor cell death is caused through the generation of reactive oxygen intermediates which is inhibited by n-acetyl-l-cy ...199910069393
dietary curcumin with cisplatin administration modulates tumour marker indices in experimental fibrosarcoma.curcumin, the active constituent of curcuma longa, which itself possesses antitumour activity against experimental tumours, enhances the antitumour effect of the widely used anticancer drug cisplatin, when used in combination against fibrosarcoma. tumour marker enzymes such as aminotransferases, lactate dehydrogenase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, alkaline phosphatase, 5'-nucleotidase were analysed in liver and kidney homogenates of experimental rats. all these enzyme activities were markedly i ...199910094841
a diacetylenic spiroketal enol ether epoxide, al-1, from artemisia lactiflora inhibits 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced tumor promotion possibly by suppression of oxidative stress.the inhibitory effects of the diacetylenic spiroketal enol ether epoxide al-1 from artemisia lactiflora on a variety of tumor promoter-induced biological responses such as oxidative stress as well as tumor promotion in icr mouse skin were investigated. al-1 inhibited tpa-induced intracellular peroxide formation in differentiated hl-60 cells, suggesting that this suppression might be attributable to the inhibition of o2- generation. in a double tpa application system in mouse skin, double pretrea ...199910403539
pro-oxidant, anti-oxidant and cleavage activities on dna of curcumin and its derivatives demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin.curcumin, a naturally occurring phytochemical responsible for the colour of turmeric shows a wide range of pharmacological properties including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects. we have earlier shown that curcumin in the presence of cu(ii) causes strand cleavage in dna through generation of reactive oxygen species, particularly the hydroxyl radical. thus, curcumin shows both antioxidant as well as pro-oxidant effects. in order to understand the chemical basis of various bio ...199910418962
curcumin mediated apoptosis in ak-5 tumor cells involves the production of reactive oxygen intermediates.curcumin, the active ingredient of the rhizome of curcuma longa has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antiproliferative activities. although its precise mode of action remains elusive, studies have shown that chemopreventive action of curcumin might be due to its ability to induce apoptosis in cancer cells. curcumin was shown to be responsible for the inhibition of ak-5 tumor (a rat histiocytoma) growth by inducing apoptosis in ak-5 tumor cells via caspase activation. this study was designed to ...199910456330
curcumin inhibits th1 cytokine profile in cd4+ t cells by suppressing interleukin-12 production in macrophages.1 interleukin-12 (il-12) plays a central role in the immune system by driving the immune response towards t helper 1 (th1) type responses which are characterized by high ifn-gamma and low il-4 production. in this study we investigated the effects of curcumin, a natural product of plants obtained from curcuma longa (turmeric), on il-12 production by mouse splenic macrophages and the subsequent ability of these cells to regulate cytokine production by cd4+ t cells. 2 pretreatment with curcumin sig ...199910510448
the effect of curcumin on glutathione-linked enzymes in k562 human leukemia cells.curcumin, an antioxidant present in the spice turmeric (curcuma longa), has been shown to inhibit chemical carcinogenesis in animal models and has been shown to be an anti-inflammatory agent. while mechanisms of its biological activities are not understood, previous studies have shown that it modulates glutathione (gsh)-linked detoxification mechanisms in rats. in the present studies, we have examined the effects of curcumin on gsh-linked enzymes in k562 human leukemia cells. one micromolar curc ...199910514034
anti-tumor promoting potential of naturally occurring diarylheptanoids structurally related to curcumin.in recent years, there have been considerable efforts to search for naturally occurring substances for intervention of carcinogenesis. many components from medicinal or dietary plants have been identified to possess potential chemopreventive properties. for instance, curcumin, a yellow colouring agent from turmeric (curcuma longa linn., zingiberaceae) has been shown to inhibit tumor formation in diverse animal models. alpinia oxyphylla miquel that also belongs to ginger family has been used in o ...199910517978
molecular mechanisms of chemopreventive effects of selected dietary and medicinal phenolic substances.recently, considerable attention has been focused on identifying naturally occurring chemopreventive substances capable of inhibiting, retarding, or reversing the multi-stage carcinogenesis. a wide array of phenolic substances, particularly those present in dietary and medicinal plants, have been reported to possess substantial anticarcinogenic and antimutagenic activities. the majority of these naturally occurring phenolics retain antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties which appear to c ...199910518003
neuroprotective role of curcumin from curcuma longa on ethanol-induced brain damage.in the present study, curcumin from curcuma longa was screened for neuroprotective activity using ethanol as a model of brain injury. oral administration of curcumin to rats caused a significant reversal in lipid peroxidation, brain lipids and produced enhancement of glutathione, a non-enzymic antioxidant in ethanol intoxicated rats, revealing that the antioxidative and hypolipidaemic action of curcumin is-responsible for its protective role against ethanol induced brain injury.199910548748
antibacterial activity of turmeric oil: a byproduct from curcumin manufacture.curcumin, the yellow color pigment of turmeric, is produced industrially from turmeric oleoresin. the mother liquor after isolation of curcumin from oleoresin contains approximately 40% oil. the oil was extracted from the mother liquor using hexane at 60 degrees c, and the hexane extract was separated into three fractions using silica gel column chromatography. these fractions were tested for antibacterial activity by pour plate method against bacillus cereus, bacillus coagulans, bacillus subtil ...199910552805
inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase 2 expression in colon cells by the chemopreventive agent curcumin involves inhibition of nf-kappab activation via the nik/ikk signalling complex.colorectal cancer is a major cause of cancer deaths in western countries, but epidemiological data suggest that dietary modification might reduce these by as much as 90%. cyclo-oxygenase 2 (cox2), an inducible isoform of prostaglandin h synthase, which mediates prostaglandin synthesis during inflammation, and which is selectively overexpressed in colon tumours, is thought to play an important role in colon carcinogenesis. curcumin, a constituent of turmeric, possesses potent anti-inflammatory ac ...199910557090
oral administration of a turmeric extract inhibits ldl oxidation and has hypocholesterolemic effects in rabbits with experimental atherosclerosis.the oxidation of low-density lipoproteins (ldl) plays an important role in the development of atherosclerosis. curcumin is a yellow pigment obtained from rhizomes of curcuma longa and is commonly used as a spice and food colouring. curcumin and turmeric extracts have several pharmacological effects including antitumour, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antiinfectious activities although the precise mechanisms involved remain to be elicited. we evaluated the effect of an ethanol-aqueous extract ...199910559523
knowledge of consumers regarding the nature and extent of adulteration of indian foods.the present study was carried out on 60 women consumers selected from three different localities of hisar city in india to study their knowledge regarding adulteration and detecting adulterants in commonly used food items. the post exposure correct responses of the respondents increased remarkably as 100.0 percent of the respondents gave correct responses regarding statements on adulteration of spices and condiments, the most common adulterated food item and to when and whom they could approach ...199910561864
curcumin enhances wound healing in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats and genetically diabetic mice.tissue repair and wound healing are complex processes that involve inflammation, granulation and tissue remodeling. interactions of different cells, extracellular matrix proteins and their receptors are involved in wound healing, and are mediated by cytokines and growth factors. previous studies from our laboratory have shown that curcumin (diferuloylmethane), a natural product obtained from the rhizomes of curcuma longa, enhanced cutaneous wound healing in rats and guinea pigs. in this study, w ...199910564565
choleretic effects of curcuminoids on an acute cyclosporin-induced cholestasis in the rat.former studies have shown that curcumin, which can be extracted from different curcuma species, is able to stimulate bile flow in rats, whereas bisdemethoxycurcumin, which is mainly found in rhizomes of curcuma longa, is believed to inhibit bile flow. to reevaluate this observation we investigated the influence of both curcuminoids on bile flow, bile acid concentration and excretion over a time period of 180 min in the bile fistula model in rats. furthermore, we tested the ability of both curcum ...199910575375
curcuma longa inhibits tnf-alpha induced expression of adhesion molecules on human umbilical vein endothelial cells.identification of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory small molecules is very important for the development of anti-inflammatory drugs. we demonstrate here that out of three compounds, viz diferuloylmethane, p-coumaroylferuloylmethane and di-p-coumaroylmethane, present in the ethyl acetate extract of curcuma longa, diferuloylmethane is most potent in inhibiting tnf-alpha induced expression of icam-1, vcam-1 and e-selectin on human umbilical vein endothelial cells. the inhibition by diferuloylmethane ...199910576620
effects of marinating with asian marinades or western barbecue sauce on phip and meiqx formation in barbecued beef.heterocyclic aromatic amines (haas), a group of chemicals formed during high-temperature cooking of meat and fish, are potent mutagens and are suspected to play a role in colorectal cancer. a recent study suggested that marinating meat may offer a way to reduce haa formation. hawaii's diverse ethnic populations, which are at various risks of colorectal cancer, often use traditional marinades when cooking meat. we compared the haa content of beef steaks marinated overnight with teriyaki sauce, tu ...199910578481
potential role of cerebral glutathione in the maintenance of blood-brain barrier integrity in rat.using the model of glutathione (gsh) depletion, possible role of gsh in the maintenance of blood-brain barrier (bbb) integrity was evaluated in rats. administration (i.p.) of gsh depletors, diethyl maleate (dem, 1-4 mmol/kg), phorone (2-3 mmol/kg) and 2-cyclohexene-1-one (chx, 1 mmol/kg), to male adults was found to deplete brain and liver gsh and increase the bbb permeability to micromolecular tracers (sodium fluorescein and [14c]sucrose) in a dose-dependent manner at 2h. however, bbb permeabil ...199910591399
a dose dependent anti-genotoxic effect of turmeric.the anti-genotoxic action of turmeric was evaluated by somatic mutation and recombination test (smart). as described in other mutagenecity tests, turmeric showed non mutagenic effects in the smart. the well known powerful mutagen urethane was used as a model to evaluate the anti-genotoxicity of turmeric. combined treatment of urethane and turmeric displayed, throughout all concentrations assayed, an inhibition of the genotoxic effect of urethane by turmeric. this anti-genotoxic effect was propor ...199910613194
[effect of organic fertilizer and mineral fertilizer on the tuber yield of curcuma longa l].regression method of orthogonal conic substitution with factors was employed to build up the tuber models for yield, quality and benefit. three main measures affecting the tuber yield, quality and benefit were analyzed by these mathematical models. the effect of agronomic measures on the tuber yield is human and livestock excreta, rape cake > ca3(po4)2 > kcl. the optimal combination of farming practices has been obtained according to the analysis of these models.19969812688
bioactive phytochemicals with emphasis on dietary practices.diet can modify the pathophysiological processes of various metabolic disorders and can be an effective preventive strategy for various disease processes most of which are known to involve oxidative damage. both nutrient and non-nutrient components of the diet have been recognized for their anti-oxidant and other potential benefits. plant foods contain phytochemicals such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, etc., which show biological activity. some common foods used in indian culinary practices were ...19989863273
spice extracts as dose-modifying factors in radiation inactivation of bacteria.three spices, chili, black pepper, and turmeric, were tested for the effect of their aqueous extracts on the sensitivity of three bacteria, escherichia coli, bacillus megaterium, and bacillus pumilusspores, to gamma-radiation. it was found that the extracts of the three spices offered protection to these organisms against inactivation by gamma-radiation. these spice extracts were also tested for their protection of naked plasmid dna. radiation-induced degradation of plasmid puc18 dna was reduced ...200010775394
curcumin is an in vivo inhibitor of angiogenesis.curcumin is a small-molecular-weight compound that is isolated from the commonly used spice turmeric. in animal models, curcumin and its derivatives have been shown to inhibit the progression of chemically induced colon and skin cancers. the genetic changes in carcinogenesis in these organs involve different genes, but curcumin is effective in preventing carcinogenesis in both organs. a possible explanation for this finding is that curcumin may inhibit angiogenesis.199810780880
an hydroalcoholic extract of curcuma longa lowers the abnormally high values of human-plasma fibrinogen. 200010802125
dietary curcumin prevents ocular toxicity of naphthalene in rats.administration of naphthalene is known to cause cataract formation in rats and rabbits and naphthalene-initiated cataract is frequently used as a model for studies on senile cataract in humans. oxidative stress has been implicated in the mechanism of naphthalene-induced cataract. curcumin, a constituent of turmeric, a spice used in indian curry dishes, is an effective antioxidant and is known to induce the enzymes of glutathione-linked detoxification pathways in rats. during the present studies, ...200010814889
therapeutic potential of curcumin in human prostate cancer. ii. curcumin inhibits tyrosine kinase activity of epidermal growth factor receptor and depletes the protein.in a search for alternative and preventive therapies for prostate cancer, attention was focused on the ways in which curcumin (turmeric), used in food and medicine in india for centuries, could interfere with the growth factor signaling pathways in both androgen-dependent and androgen-independent prostate cancer cells, as exemplified by the epidermal growth factor receptor (egf-r) signaling.200010851300
a simple and efficient separation of the curcumins, the antiprotozoal constituents of curcuma longa.a simple and efficient method for the separation of the three phenolic diketones, curcumin 1, demethoxycurcumin 2, and bis-demethoxycurcumin 3, isolated from the rhizomes of curcuma longa has been developed. the method is of general applicability for the separation of compounds containing acidic and chelating groups and is amenable to large scale separations. the curcumins 1-3 show moderate activity against plasmodium falciparum (ic50: 3.5, 4.2 and 3.0 micrograms/ml) and leishmania major (ic50: ...200010865470
potential interactions between alternative therapies and warfarin.potential and documented interactions between alternative therapy agents and warfarin are discussed. an estimated one third of adults in the united states use alternative therapies, including herbs. a major safety concern is potential interactions of alternative medicine products with prescription medications. this issue is especially important with respect to drugs with narrow therapeutic indexes, such as warfarin. herbal products that may potentially increase the risk of bleeding or potentiate ...200010902065
review on some plants of indian traditional medicine with antioxidant activity.a lot of medicinal plants, traditionally used for thousands of years, are present in a group of herbal preparations of the indian traditional health care system (ayurveda) named rasayana proposed for their interesting antioxidant activities. among the medicinal plants used in ayurvedic rasayana for their therapeutic action, some of these have been throughly investigated. in the present paper seven plants (emblica officinalis l., curcuma longa l., mangifera indica l., momordica charantia l., sant ...200010904144
effect of cinnamon, clove and some of their constituents on the na(+)-k(+)-atpase activity and alanine absorption in the rat jejunum.the effect of a water extract of some spices on the in vitro activity of the rat jejunal na(+)-k(+)-atpase was investigated. extracts of nutmeg, cinnamon, clove, cumin, coriander, turmeric and caraway all inhibited the atpase, while anise seed and white pepper exerted no significant effects. the extracts of clove and cinnamon had the most potent inhibitory effect on the intestinal atpase as compared to extracts of other spices. they also inhibited the in vitro na(+)-k(+)-atpase activity in a cru ...200010930696
current lead natural products for the chemotherapy of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection.a large variety of natural products have been described as anti-hiv agents, and for a portion thereof the target of interaction has been identified. cyanovirin-n, a 11-kda protein from cyanobacterium (blue-green alga) irreversibly inactivates hiv and also aborts cell-to-cell fusion and transmission of hiv, due to its high-affinity interaction with gp120. various sulfated polysaccharides extracted from seaweeds (i.e., nothogenia fastigiata, aghardhiella tenera) inhibit the virus adsorption proces ...200010934347
curcumin-glutathione interactions and the role of human glutathione s-transferase p1-1.curcumin (diferuloylmethane), a yellow pigment of turmeric with antioxidant properties has been shown to be a cancer preventative in animal studies. it contains two electrophilic alpha, beta-unsaturated carbonyl groups, which can react with nucleophilic compounds such as glutathione (gsh), but formation of the gsh-curcumin conjugates has not previously been demonstrated. in the present studies, we investigated the reactions of curcumin with gsh and the effect of recombinant human glutathione s-t ...200010996298
chemopreventive effect of curcumin on n-nitrosomethylbenzylamine-induced esophageal carcinogenesis in rats.modifying effects of curcumin (derived from the rhizome of curcuma longa l.) during the initiation or post-initiation phase of n-nitrosomethylbenzylamine (nmba)-induced esophageal carcinogenesis were investigated in male f344 rats. five-week-old rats were divided into 5 groups, and groups 1, 2 and 3 were given intraperitoneal injections of nmba (0.5 mg / kg body weight / injection 15 times) for 5 weeks from 7 weeks old to induce esophageal neoplasms. groups 2 and 3 were fed the diet containing 5 ...200011011116
repellency of volatile oils from plants against three mosquito vectors.volatile oils extracted by steam distillation from four plant species (turmeric (curcuma longa), kaffir lime (citrus hystrix), citronella grass (cymbopogon winterianus) and hairy basil (ocimum americanum)), were evaluated in mosquito cages and in a large room for their repellency effects against three mosquito vectors, aedes aegypti, anopheles dirus and culex quinquefasciatus. the oils from turmeric, citronella grass and hairy basil, especially with the addition of 5% vanillin, repelled the thre ...200111469188
differential modulation of nitric oxide production by curcumin in host macrophages and nk cells.curcumin, the yellow pigment from curcuma longa, has been shown to possess tumoricidal activity. we have earlier reported the induction of apoptosis in ak-5, rat histiocytic cells by curcumin leading to the inhibition of tumor growth in vivo. in this study we have observed differential activation status in host macrophages and nk cells induced by curcumin during the spontaneous regression of subcutaneously transplanted ak-5 tumors. closer scrutiny of the cytokine profile and nitric oxide (no) pr ...200011033360
inhibition by curcumin of diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatic hyperplasia, inflammation, cellular gene products and cell-cycle-related proteins in rats.curcumin (ccm), a major yellow pigment of turmeric obtained from powdered rhizomes of the plant curcuma longa linn, is commonly used as coloring agent in foods, drugs and cosmetics. in this study we report that gavage administration of 200 mg/kg or 600 mg/kg ccm effectively suppressed diethylnitrosamine (den)-induced liver inflammation and hyperplasia in rats, as evidenced by histopathological examination. immunoblotting analysis showed that ccm strongly inhibited den-mediated the increased expr ...200011038236
preservation of alpha-tocopherol in sunflower oil by herbs and spices.the ability of some commercially available herb and spice extracts to preserve alpha-tocopherol in sunflower oil during heating at 85-105 degrees c was assessed using sunflower oil as a model system. the rancimat was evaluated for the heating stage and was used throughout as it was shown to be viable: alpha-tocopherol did not evaporate under the test conditions. the delay in the onset of rancidity was found to be directly related to the initial alpha-tocopherol concentration (p < 0.01). rosemary ...200011103298
occurrence of orally administered curcuminoid as glucuronide and glucuronide/sulfate conjugates in rat plasma.curcuminoids, curcumin and its structurally related compounds, constitute the phenolic yellowish pigment of turmeric. we investigated the absorption and metabolism of orally administered curcuminoids (curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin) in rats. hplc and lc-ms analyses after enzymatic hydrolyses showed that the predominant metabolites in plasma following administration were glucuronides and glucuronide/sulfates (conjugates with both glucuronide and sulfate) of curcuminoids. the ...200011105995
studies on the genotoxicity of turmeric extracts in bacterial system. 200011118850
changes in the prostaglandin levels in alcohol toxicity: effect of curcumin and n-acetylcysteine.the present study was undertaken to evaluate the potential role of curcumin, the antioxidant principal from curcuma longa linn., and the sulphur-containing amino acid n-acetylcysteine against ethanol-induced changes in the levels of prostanoids. biochemical assessment of liver damage was done by measuring the activities of serum enzymes (i.e., aspartate transaminase and alkaline phosphatase), which were significantly increased in rats fed ethanol, whereas the elevated levels of these enzymes wer ...200011120449
dietary strategies to counteract the effects of mycotoxins: a review.we reviewed various dietary strategies to contain the toxic effects of mycotoxins using antioxidant compounds (selenium, vitamins, provitamins), food components (phenolic compounds, coumarin, chlorophyll and its derivatives, fructose, aspartame), medicinal herbs and plant extracts, and mineral and biological binding agents (hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate, bentonites, zeolites, activated carbons, bacteria, and yeast). available data are primarily from in vitro studies and mainly focus on ...200111198434
inhibitory effects of curcumin and capsaicin on phorbol ester-induced activation of eukaryotic transcription factors, nf-kappab and ap-1.recently, considerable attention has been focused on identifying dietary and medicinal phytochemicals that can inhibit, retard or reverse the multi-stage carcinogenesis. spices and herbs contain phenolic substances with potent antioxidative and chemopreventive properties. curcumin, a yellow colouring agent from turmeric and capsaicin, a pungent principle of red pepper exhibit profound anticarcinogenic and antimutagenic activities. two well-defined eukaryotic transcription factors, nuclear factor ...200011216470
l-929 cells harboring ectopically expressed rela resist curcumin-induced apoptosis.curcumin (diferuloyl methane), the yellow pigment in turmeric (curcuma longa), is a potent chemopreventive agent. curcumin induces apoptosis of several, but not all, cancer cells. many cancer cells protect themselves against apoptosis by activating nuclear factor-kappab (nf-kappab)/rel, a transcription factor that helps in cell survival. signal-induced activation of nf-kappab is known to be inhibited by curcumin. to understand the role of nf-kappab in curcumin-induced apoptosis, we stably transf ...200010747850
effects of curcuma longa on proliferation of cultured bovine smooth muscle cells and on expression of low density lipoprotein receptor in cells.to investigate the inhibitory effects of aqueous turmeric extract (aqt) and serum of rats orally treated with ethanol extract of turmeric (set) on proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (vsmc) and its effects on the expression of low density lipoprotein receptor (ldl-r) antigen on the surface of smooth muscle cells.199911593527
berberine.berberine is a plant alkaloid with a long history of medicinal use in both ayurvedic and chinese medicine. it is present in hydrastis canadensis (goldenseal), coptis chinensis (coptis or goldenthread), berberis aquifolium (oregon grape), berberis vulgaris (barberry), and berberis aristata (tree turmeric). the berberine alkaloid can be found in the roots, rhizomes, and stem bark of the plants. berberine extracts and decoctions have demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity against a variety ...200010767672
curcuma longa activates nf-kappab and promotes adhesion of neutrophils to human umbilical vein endothelial cells.upregulation of expression of cell adhesion molecules, such as icam-1, vcam-1 and e-selectin, is important for immune surveillance. extravasation and migration of body's effector cells to the site of immune activation is controlled by the expression of cell adhesion molecules on endothelial cells. we demonstrate here that an aqueous extract prepared from curcuma longa (claqe), a dietary component, promotes the adhesion of peripheral neutrophils to human umbilical vein endothelial cells. to delin ...200111282439
curcuminoids from curcuma longa l. (zingiberaceae) that protect pc12 rat pheochromocytoma and normal human umbilical vein endothelial cells from betaa(1-42) insult.beta-amyloid (betaa) induced oxidative stress is a well-established pathway of neuronal cell death in alzheimer's disease. from turmeric, curcuma longa l. (zingiberaceae), three curcuminoids, curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin, were found to protect pc12 rat pheochromocytoma and normal human umbilical vein endothelial (huvec) cells from betaa(1-42) insult, as measured by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide reduction assay. ed(50) values of curcumin, de ...200111297823
chemical composition of turmeric oil--a byproduct from turmeric oleoresin industry and its inhibitory activity against different fungi.curcumin, the yellow coloring pigment of turmeric is produced industrially from turmeric oleoresin. the mother liquor after isolation of curcumin from oleoresin known as curcumin removed turmeric oleoresin (crto) was extracted three times with n-hexane at room temperature for 30 min to obtain turmeric oil. the turmeric oil was subjected to fractional distillation under vacuum to get two fractions. these fractions were tested for antifugal activity against aspergillus flavus, a. parasiticus, fusa ...200111302211
curcumin, a natural product present in turmeric, decreases tumor growth but does not behave as an anticachectic compound in a rat model.systemic administration of curcumin [1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenil)1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione] (20 microg/kg body weight) for 6 consecutive days to rats bearing the highly cachectic yoshida ah-130 ascites hepatoma resulted in an important inhibition of tumor growth (31% of total cell number). interestingly, curcumin was also able to reduce (24%) in vitro tumor cell content at concentrations as low as 0.5 microm without promoting any apoptotic events. although systemic administration of curcumi ...200111323096
curcumin modifies apc(min) apoptosis resistance and inhibits 2-amino 1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (phip) induced tumour formation in apc(min) mice.curcumin, the active ingredient of the rhizome of curcuma longa, promotes apoptosis and may have chemopreventive properties. this study investigates the effects of curcumin on apoptosis and tumorigenesis in male apc(min) mice treated with the human dietary carcinogen, 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (phip). intestinal epithelial apoptotic index in response to phip treatment was approximately twice as great in the wild-type c57bl/6 apc(+/+) strain than in apc(min) mice (3.7% apc(+ ...200111323404
effect of curcumin on the apoptosis of rodent and human nonproliferating and proliferating lymphoid cells.curcumin, a major active component of turmeric, has been recognized as an anticarcinogenic agent because of its propensity to induce apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. previously, we showed that curcumin protects cells against oligonucleosomal dna fragmentation and induces a novel apoptosis-like pathway in jurkat cells (piwocka et al. exp cell res 249, 299-307, 1999). here, we have studied the ability of curcumin to induce cell death in other human and rodent transformed as well as normal cells. no ...200011341039
inhibition of cytochrome p450 isozymes by curcumins in vitro and in vivo.to study the mechanism(s) of turmeric-mediated chemoprevention and to compare the chemopreventive efficacy of turmeric/curcumin(s) against benzo[a]pyrene (b(a)p) and 4-methylnitrosamino-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (nnk, a tobacco-specific carcinogen), the effects of turmeric/curcumin (c), demethoxycurcumin (dmc), bis-demethoxycurcumin (bdmc) and phenyl and phenethyl-isothiocyanates (pitc and peitc) on the dealkylation of ethoxyresorufin (er), methoxyresorufin (mr) and pentoxyresorufin (pr) by rat l ...200111346483
therapeutic potential of curcumin in human prostate cancer. iii. curcumin inhibits proliferation, induces apoptosis, and inhibits angiogenesis of lncap prostate cancer cells in vivo.earlier work from our laboratory highlighted the therapeutic potential of curcumin (turmeric), used as a dietary ingredient and as a natural anti-inflammatory agent in india and other southeast asian countries. this agent was shown to decrease the proliferative potential and induce the apoptosis potential of both androgen-dependent and androgen-independent prostate cancer cells in vitro, largely by modulating the apoptosis suppressor proteins and by interfering with the growth factor receptor si ...200111398177
antifungal activity of curcuma longa grown in thailand.curcuma longa linn. or turmeric (zingiberaceae) is a medicinal plant widely used and cultivated in tropical regions. according to thai traditional texts, fresh and dried rhizomes are used as peptic ulcer treatment, carminatives, wound treatment and anti-inflammatory agent. using hydro distillation, 1.88% and 7.02% (v/w) volatile oils were extracted from fresh and dried rhizomes, respectively, and 6.95% (w/w)crude curcuminoids were extracted from dried rhizomes. dried powder was extracted with 95 ...200011414453
syntheses of curcumin bioconjugates and study of their antibacterial activities against beta-lactamase-producing microorganisms.in the present study curcumin bioconjugates, viz. di-o-glycinoylcurcumin (i), di-o-glycinoyl-c(4)-glycylcurcumin (ii), 5'-deoxy-5'-curcuminylthymidine (5'-cur-t) (iv), and 2'-deoxy-2'-curcuminyluridine (2'-cur-u) (v) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and (1)h nmr. the turmeric peptide (tp) was isolated from the aqueous turmeric extract of the turmeric rhizome. the antibacterial activity of these four bioconjugates and also of the turmeric peptide and sodium salt of cu ...200111459448
phase ii clinical trial on effect of the long turmeric (curcuma longa linn) on healing of peptic ulcer.the study examined patients who had symptoms indicating peptic ulcer. forty-five patients, 24 males and 21 females, aged between 16-60 years were included in the study. twenty-five patients, 18 males and 7 females, were endoscoped, their ulcers located in the duodenal bulb and gastric (angulus). the ulcer sizes varied between 0.5 to 1.5 cm in diameter. capsule-filled turmeric was given orally in the dose of 2 capsules (300 mg each) five times daily, one half to an hour before meals, at 16.00 hou ...200111485087
biological activities of curcuma longa l.there are several data in the literature indicating a great variety of pharmacological activities of curcuma longa l. (zingiberaceae), which exhibit anti-inflammatory, anti-human immunodeficiency virus, anti-bacteria, antioxidant effects and nematocidal activities. curcumin is a major component in curcuma longa l., being responsible for its biological actions. other extracts of this plant has been showing potency too. in vitro, curcumin exhibits anti-parasitic, antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory a ...200111500779
molecular mechanisms underlying chemopreventive activities of anti-inflammatory phytochemicals: down-regulation of cox-2 and inos through suppression of nf-kappa b activation.a wide array of phenolic substances, particularly those present in edible and medicinal plants, have been reported to possess substantial anticarcinogenic and antimutagenic activities. the majority of naturally occurring phenolics retain antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties which appear to contribute to their chemopreventive or chemoprotective activity. cyclooxygenase-2 (cox-2) inducible and nitric oxide synthase (inos) are important enzymes that mediate inflammatory processes. imprope ...200111506818
effect of glutathione depletion on caspase-3 independent apoptosis pathway induced by curcumin in jurkat cells.curcumin, a yellow pigment from curcuma longa, exhibits anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and antioxidative properties. although its precise mode of action has not been elucidated so far, numerous studies have shown that curcumin may induce apoptosis in normal and cancer cells. previously, we showed that in jurkat cells curcumin induced nontypical apoptosis-like pathway, which was independent of mitochondria and caspase-3. now we show that the inhibition of caspase-3 by curcumin, which is accompanie ...200111522452
[study on the characterizations of genus curcuma plants on the strains of c. longa l. and c. aromatica salisb preserved at izu station of nihs].to clarify the characteristics of genus curcuma plants, we studied the properties of six strains of curcuma longa l. and two strains of c. aromatica salisb. preserved at izu experimental station for medicinal plants of national institute of health sciences. six strains of c. longa were classified into three types according to morphological characteristics, rhizome production, and differences in curcuminoid content of rhizome. the curcuminoid content of the rhizomes in each strain ranged from 2.2 ...200011534130
inhibition of invasion and induction of apoptosis by curcumin in h-ras-transformed mcf10a human breast epithelial cells.curcumin, a dietary pigment in turmeric, posseses anti-carcinogenic and anti-metastatic properties. the present study was conducted to study in vitro chemopreventive effects of curcumin in transformed breast cells. here, we show that curcumin inhibits h-ras-induced invasive phenotype in mcf10a human breast epithelial cells (h-ras mcf10a) and downregulates matrix metalloproteinase (mmp)-2 dose-dependently. curcumin exerted cytotoxic effect on h-ras mcf10a cells in a concentration-dependent manner ...200111534770
total synthesis of calebin-a, preparation of its analogues, and their neuronal cell protectivity against beta-amyloid insult.a total synthesis of calebin-a (1), a novel curcuminoid isolated from turmeric (curcuma longa, zingiberaceae) that has been demonstrated to protect neuronal cells from beta-amyloid insult, was successfully achieved in four steps. elaborating on this synthetic route, 13 analogues were prepared for a structure-activity relationship (sar) study. it was found that the parent compound 1 and derivatives 21, 28, and 30 protect pc12 rat pheocromocytoma and imr-32 human neuroblastoma cells from beta-amyl ...200111549465
occurrence of ochratoxin a in black pepper, coriander, ginger and turmeric in india.ochratoxin a (oa) contamination of black pepper, coriander seeds, powdered ginger and turmeric powder was estimated using indirect competitive elisa. samples (1 g) were extracted with 0.5% potassium chloride (kcl) in 70% methanol (5 ml) and diluted subsequently to give two-fold to ten-fold step-wise dilutions in phosphate-buffered saline containing 0.05% tween 20 and 0.2% bovine serum albumin (pbs-t bsa). for extracts from the spices analysed, elisa estimates of oa concentrations were compared w ...200111552750
specific inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (cox-2) expression by dietary curcumin in ht-29 human colon cancer cells.curcumin, a major yellow pigment and active component of turmeric, has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities. cyclooxygenase (cox)-2 plays an important role in colon carcinogenesis. to investigate the effect of curcumin on cox-2 expression, we treated ht-29 human colon cancer cells with various concentrations of curcumin. curcumin inhibited the cell growth of ht-29 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. curcumin markedly inhibited the mrna and protein e ...200111566484
characterization of metabolites of the chemopreventive agent curcumin in human and rat hepatocytes and in the rat in vivo, and evaluation of their ability to inhibit phorbol ester-induced prostaglandin e2 production.curcumin, the yellow pigment in turmeric, has been shown to prevent malignancies in a variety of tissues in rodents, especially in the intestinal tract. pharmacological activities of curcumin in cells in situ germane to chemoprevention, such as inhibition of expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (cox-2), require drug concentrations in the 10(-5) - 10(-4) m range. the systemic bioavailability of curcumin is low, so that its pharmacological activity may be mediated, in part, by curcumin metabolites. to i ...200111221833
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