| within-plant distribution and dynamics of thrips species (thysanoptera: thripidae) in cotton. | a 2-yr study in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) was conducted to determine the abundance and species composition of thrips (thysanoptera: thripidae) on different plant parts throughout the season in alabama, georgia, north carolina, south carolina, and virginia. plant parts sampled included seedlings, terminals with two expanded leaves, leaves from the upper, middle, and lower sections of the canopy, white flowers, and medium-sized bolls. adult thrips were significantly more abundant on seedlings ... | 2017 | 28475718 |
| life history characteristics of frankliniella occidentalis and frankliniella intonsa (thysanoptera: thripidae) in constant and fluctuating temperatures. | frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) and frankliniella intonsa (trybom) are sympatric pests of many greenhouse and field crops in korea. we compared the influence of constant (27.3°c) and fluctuating temperatures (23.8-31.5°c, with an average of 27.3°c) on the life table characteristics of f. occidentalis and f. intonsa held at a photoperiod of 16:8 (l:d) h and 45±5% relative humidity. the development times of both f. occidentalis and f. intonsa were significantly affected by temperature fluctu ... | 2015 | 26470222 |
| application of cytochrome oxidase i sequences for phylogenetic analysis and identification of thrips species occurring on vegetable crops. | thrips are direct pests as well as vectors of important viruses infecting crop plants. one of the major constraints in studying the relationship between thrips vectors and tospoviruses is the difficulty of identifying the vector species because of high intraspecific variation among thrips populations. molecular approaches have been used to identify species differences. in this study, partial cytochrome oxidase i (coi) sequences were used to understand the phylogenetic relationship among thrips p ... | 2013 | 23448058 |
| efficacy of pesticide mixtures against the western flower thrips (thysanoptera: thripidae) under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. | western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis pergande is a commonly encountered and economically important insect pest of greenhouses. greenhouse producers typically apply pesticides as mixtures to mitigate western flower thrips populations; however, there is limited information available on the compatibility and efficacy of commonly used pesticide mixtures. this study assessed nine binary and three tertiary pesticide mixtures used in greenhouses which included pesticides containing abamect ... | 2013 | 23448038 |
| in vivo rearing of thripinema nicklewoodi (tylenchida: allantonematidae) and prospects as a biological control agent of frankliniella occidentalis (thysanoptera: thripidae). | methods are described for the in vivo production of the nematode thripinema nicklewoodi (siddiqi), an obligate parasite and potential biological control agent of western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis (pergande). nematode infection is not lethal but causes sterilization of adult female hosts. both fertilization and horizontal transmission of t. nicklewoodi is achieved in 1.5-ml microcentrifuge tubes (infection arenas), in the presence of 100% humidity, a temporary food source and prefe ... | 2002 | 12216805 |
| induction of jasmonic acid-associated defenses by thrips alters host suitability for conspecifics and correlates with increased trichome densities in tomato. | plant defenses inducible by herbivorous arthropods can determine performance of subsequent feeding herbivores. we investigated how infestation of tomato (solanum lycopersicum) plants with the western flower thrips (frankliniella occidentalis) alters host plant suitability and foraging decisions of their conspecifics. we explored the role of delayed-induced jasmonic acid (ja)-mediated plant defense responses in thrips preference by using the tomato mutant def-1, impaired in ja biosynthesis. in pa ... | 2017 | 28158865 |
| methyl jasmonate application induces increased densities of glandular trichomes on tomato, lycopersicon esculentum. | this study was designed to address whether applications of methyl jasmonate (mj) or benzothiadiazole (bth) to cultivated tomato, lycopersicon esculentum, induced elevated densities of defense-related glandular trichomes on new leaves. four-leaf tomato plants were sprayed with mj, bth, or control solutions, and the density of type vi glandular trichomes on new leaves was subsequently determined at 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 d. at 7, 14, and 21 d, the density of type vi glandular trichomes on new leaves ... | 2005 | 16132222 |
| effects of interplanting flowering plants on the biological control of corn earworm (lepidoptera: noctuidae) and thrips (thysanoptera: thripidae) in sweet corn. | natural enemy exploitation of food resources and alternative hosts in noncrop vegetation has been shown to be an effective means of enhancing natural enemy populations in diversified agro-ecosystem. field trials were conducted in hawaii to examine effects of interplanting flowering plants on 1) parasitism of corn earworm, helicoverpa zea (boddie) eggs by trichogramma spp., and 2) abundance of orius spp. in relation to prey (h. zea eggs and thrips [primarily, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) ... | 2016 | 26500338 |
| beyond focal pests: impact of a neonicotinoid seed treatment and resistant soybean lines on a non-target arthropod. | integrated pest management (ipm) tactics may effectively control focal pests, but it is also important to test the compatibility of different tactics, and consider non-target organisms. we investigated the effects of a neonicotinoid seed treatment and rag resistance genes used for soybean aphid (aphis glycines matsumura) control on reproduction of a non-target herbivore (twospotted spider mite, tetranychus urticae koch) in short-term greenhouse experiments. we also examined interactions between ... | 2016 | 27845714 |
| selecting native perennial plants for ecological intensification in mediterranean greenhouse horticulture. | natural control by predators and parasitoids provides an important and often unnoticed ecosystem service to agricultural landscapes by reducing pest populations in crops. the current model of horticultural intensification in south-eastern spain produces high yields but has also resulted in a landscape almost completely covered by plastic. promoting natural areas among greenhouses could enhance biodiversity, by being beneficial insects, and reduce pest pressure outdoors. the first step is to asce ... | 2017 | 29198200 |
| evaluation of dicyphus hersperus (heteroptera: miridae) for biological control of frankliniella occidentalis (thysanoptera: thripidae) on greenhouse tomato. | the effectiveness of inoculative releases of the mirid predator dicyphus hesperus knight for control of frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) on greenhouse tomatoes was evaluated in terms of suppression of the population densities of f. occidentalis and associated fruit damage in the presence of the predator over two seasonal trials. an inoculative release of one d. hesperus per plant (approximately 0.1:10 predator:prey ratio) at a high f. occidentalis population density (140 thrips per plant) s ... | 2006 | 16686140 |
| reproductive behavior of echinothrips americanus (thysanoptera: thripidae). | most thysanoptera possess a haplo-diploid reproductive mode and reproduce via arrhenotoky. females can mature eggs successively throughout almost their entire life, but in most terebrantian thrips spermiogenesis is complete by adult male eclosion, and testes contain only mature spermatids. in parasitoid wasps this phenomenon of preadult spermiogenesis is described as prospermatogeny. it is unclear if prospermatogeny and this predetermined sperm quantity have implications for mating strategy and ... | 2017 | 28931160 |
| sternal gland structures in males of bean flower thrips, megalurothrips sjostedti, and poinsettia thrips, echinothrips americanus, in comparison with those of western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (thysanoptera: thripidae). | sternal pores are important features for identification of male thrips, especially within the subfamily thripinae. they vary in shape, size and distribution even between species of one genus. their functional role is speculated to be that of sex- and/or aggregation pheromone production. yet, sexual aggregations are not reported in echinothrips americanus, known to have sternal pores, while we observed aggregations in megalurothrips sjostedti, previously reported to lack them. we examined the ste ... | 2015 | 26215363 |
| the influence of elevated co2 concentration on the fitness traits of frankliniella occidentalis and frankliniella intonsa (thysanoptera: thripidae). | development and fecundity were investigated in an invasive alien thrips species, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande), and a related native species, frankliniella intonsa (trybom), under high co2 concentration. results show that the two thrips species reacted differently toward elevated co2 concentration. developmental duration decreased significantly (11.93%) in f. occidentalis at the co2 concentration of 800 µl/liter; survival rate of all stages also significantly increased (e.g., survival ra ... | 2017 | 28472267 |
| x-ray irradiation control of frankliniella occidentalis and frankliniella intonsa (thysanoptera: thripidae) in the exportation of freshly cut lily flowers. | lily (lilium longiflorum thunb.) is the most representative bulb flower, and it is the third most important flower in the flower industry of south korea after rose and chrysanthemum. to determine the efficacy of x-ray irradiation for use in quarantine processing, two species of flower thrips (frankliniella intonsa (trybom) and frankliniella occidentalis (pergande)) were placed in the top, middle, and bottom locations of lily boxes and irradiated with different x-ray doses. after irradiation with ... | 2017 | 28334123 |
| development of species-specific primers for agronomical thrips and multiplex assay for quarantine identification of western flower thrips. | while morphological identification of thrips species has been difficult because of their minute size and a lack of easily recognizable characteristics, molecular identification based on the development of specific molecular markers can be easily and reliably carried out. among the known molecular markers, the nuclear internal transcribed spacer (its) exhibits distinguishable variations among thrips species. in this study, sequences of its2 region of 10 agriculturally important thrips were establ ... | 2014 | 26309260 |
| an evaluation of frankliniella occidentalis (thysanoptera: thripidae) and frankliniella intonsa (thysanoptera: thripidae) performance on different plant leaves based on life history characteristics. | to compare the performance of frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) and native frankliniella intonsa (trybom) on cucumber and tomato leaves in laboratory, life history characters were investigated, and life tables were constructed using the method of age-stage, two-sex table life. compared with tomato leaf, there were shorter total preoviposition period (tpop), higher fecundity, longer female longevity, and higher intrinsic rate of increase (r) of both f. occidentalis and f. intonsa on cucumber ... | 2015 | 25673049 |
| effects of pesticides on the survival of rove beetle (coleoptera: staphylinidae) and insidious flower bug (hemiptera: anthocoridae) adults. | this study determined the direct, indirect, or both effects of pesticides on the rove beetle, dalotia coriaria (kraatz) (coleoptera: staphylinidae), and the insidious flower bug, orius insidiosus (say) (hemiptera: anthocoridae). the pesticides evaluated were capsicum oleoresin extract, garlic oil, and soybean oil; cyantraniliprole; flupyradifurone; gs-omega/kappa-hxtx-hv1; isaria fumosorosea; tolfenpyrad; pyrethrins; and spinosad. one experiment was conducted in a greenhouse with rove beetle adu ... | 2017 | 29202189 |
| a decade of a thrips invasion in china: lessons learned. | the western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis pergande (thysanoptera: thripidae) is an invasive polyphagous pest with an expanding global range that damages a wide variety of crops. f. occidentalis was first reported in china from yunnan province during 2000, and has rapidly expanded its range since then. it is currently distributed across at least 10 provinces in china and has become a particularly devastating pest, causing substantial damage and economic losses. at present, the still h ... | 2017 | 29027089 |
| unexpected high intragenomic variation in two of three major pest thrips species does not affect ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 2 (its2) utility for thrips identification. | the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase i gene (mtco1) and the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 2 region (its2) are among the most widely used molecular markers for insect taxonomic characterization. three economically important species of thrips, scirtothripsdorsalis, thripspalmi, and frankliniellaoccidentalis were selected to examine the extent of intragenomic variation within these two marker regions in the family thripidae, and determine if this variation would affect the utility of marker ... | 2017 | 28984819 |
| olfactory response of the predatory bug orius laevigatus (hemiptera:anthocoridae) to the aggregation pheromone of its prey, frankliniella occidentalis (thysanoptera: thripidae). | herbivore natural enemies base their foraging decision on information cues from different trophic levels but mainly from plant odors. however, the second trophic level (i.e., the herbivorous prey) may also provide reliable infochemical cues for their natural enemies. we have evaluated the role of the aggregation pheromone from frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) as a potential kairomone for its natural enemy, the predatory bug orius laevigatus (fieber). for this purpose, we have analyzed the r ... | 2017 | 28962006 |
| interactions between plant metabolites affect herbivores: a study with pyrrolizidine alkaloids and chlorogenic acid. | the high structural diversity of plant metabolites suggests that interactions among them should be common. we investigated the effects of single metabolites and combinations of plant metabolites on insect herbivores. in particular we studied the interacting effects of pyrrolizidine alkaloid (pas), and chlorogenic acid (cga), on a generalist herbivore, frankliniella occidentalis. we studied both the predominantly occurring pa n-oxides and the less frequent pa free bases. we found antagonistic eff ... | 2017 | 28611815 |
| fitness trade-off associated with spinosad resistance in frankliniella occidentalis (thysanoptera: thripidae). | frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) is an economically important pest of agricultural crops. high resistance has been detected in field populations of f. occidentalis against the insecticide spinosad. in this study, we compared life history traits, body sizes, and feeding behaviors (recorded via an electrical penetration graph) of spinosad-susceptible (ivf03) and spinosad-resistant (nil-r) near-isogenic lines of f. occidentalis. life table analysis showed that nil-r had reduced female longevit ... | 2017 | 28444324 |
| predatory interactions between prey affect patch selection by predators. | when predators can use several prey species as food sources, they are known to select prey according to foraging efficiency and food quality. however, interactions between the prey species may also affect prey choice, and this has received limited attention. the effect of one such interaction, intraguild predation between prey, on patch selection by predators was studied here. the predatory mite neoseiulus californicus preys on young larvae of the western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis ... | 2017 | 28356611 |
| low genetic diversity but strong population structure reflects multiple introductions of western flower thrips (thysanoptera: thripidae) into china followed by human-mediated spread. | historical invasion scenarios based on observational records are usually incomplete and biased, but these can be supplemented by population genetic data. the western flower thrips (wft), frankliniella occidentalis, invaded china in the last 13 years and has rapidly become one of the most serious pests in the country. to assess whether this invasion involved a single event or multiple events, we examined patterns of genetic diversity and population structure of wft across 12 chinese populations a ... | 2017 | 28352298 |
| development of near-isogenic lines in a parthenogenetically reproduced thrips species, frankliniella occidentalis. | although near-isogenic lines (nils) can standardize genetic backgrounds among individuals, it has never been applied in parthenogenetically reproduced animals. here, through multiple rounds of backcrossing and spinosad screening, we generated spinosad resistant nils in the western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) (thysanoptera: thripidae), with a haplo-diploid reproduction system. the resultant f. occidentalis nil-r strain maintained a resistance ratio over 30,000-fold, which ... | 2017 | 28348528 |
| the effect of structurally related metabolites on insect herbivores: a case study on pyrrolizidine alkaloids and western flower thrips. | plant specialised metabolites (sms) are very diverse in terms of both their number and chemical structures with more than 200,000 estimated compounds. this chemical diversity occurs not only among different groups of compounds but also within the groups themselves. in the context of plant-insect interactions, the chemical diversity within a class of structurally related metabolites is generally also related to their bioactivity. in this study, we tested firstly whether individual sms within the ... | 2017 | 28267991 |
| real-time pcr assay for distinguishing frankliniella occidentalis and thrips palmi arnika przybylska, żaneta fiedler, aleksandra obrępalska-stęplowska. | thrips palmi and frankliniella occidentalis (order thysanoptera) are thrips species that represent major plant pests. they are polyphagous insects capable of adversely affecting crop production. as such, in the european union, these thrips species should be regulated as quarantine organisms. t. palmi and f. occidentalis can cause considerable damage to susceptible plants by feeding on them and transmitting several viruses responsible for serious plant diseases. successful pest control strategies ... | 2017 | 28245887 |
| integrated pest management in western flower thrips: past, present and future. | western flower thrips (wft) is one of the most economically important pest insects of many crops worldwide. recent eu legislation has caused a dramatic shift in pest management strategies, pushing for tactics that are less reliable on chemicals. the development of alternative strategies is therefore an issue of increasing urgency. this paper reviews the main control tactics in integrated pest management (ipm) of wft, with the focus on biological control and host plant resistance as areas of majo ... | 2017 | 28127901 |
| non-associative versus associative learning by foraging predatory mites. | learning processes can be broadly categorized into associative and non-associative. associative learning occurs through the pairing of two previously unrelated stimuli, whereas non-associative learning occurs in response to a single stimulus. how these two principal processes compare in the same learning task and how they contribute to the overall behavioural changes brought about by experience is poorly understood. we tackled this issue by scrutinizing associative and non-associative learning o ... | 2017 | 28088215 |
| pesticide-mediated interspecific competition between local and invasive thrips pests. | competitive interactions between species can be mitigated or even reversed in the presence of anthropogenic influences. the thrips species frankliniella occidentalis and thrips tabaci are highly invasive and damaging agricultural pests throughout the world. where the species co-occur, one species tends to eventually predominate over the other. avermectin and beta-cypermethrin are commonly used insecticides to manage thrips in china, and laboratory bioassays demonstrated that f. occidentalis is s ... | 2017 | 28084404 |
| quarantine treatments of imported nursery plants and exported cut flowers by phosphine gas (ph3) as methyl bromide alternative. | quarantine treatments by phosphine (ph3) gas have been performed to replace methyl bromide (mebr) for export cut flowers and imported nursery plant in korea. in this preliminary study, two dominant insect pests of cut flowers, tetranychus urticae koch and frankliniella occidentalis pergande, and the dominant insect pest of nursery plants, planococcus citri risso, were used to certify optimum concentration and fumigation time, along with evaluation of phytotoxic damages. to validate the results o ... | 2016 | 27986936 |
| predatory mites double the economic injury level of frankliniella occidentalis in strawberry. | the western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) (thysanoptera: thripidae) causes bronzing to strawberry fruit. management of insecticide-resistant strains relies on the integration of predators with carefully timed use of the few insecticides available. effective management requires better understanding of economic injury levels (eils) and the factors that affect them. the densities of f. occidentalis and the predatory mite neoseiulus cucumeris (oudemans) (acari: phytoseiidae) we ... | 2016 | 27909392 |
| bulk development and stringent selection of microsatellite markers in the western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis. | recent improvements in next-generation sequencing technologies have enabled investigation of microsatellites on a genome-wide scale. faced with a huge amount of candidates, the use of appropriate marker selection criteria is crucial. here, we used the western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis for an empirical microsatellite survey and validation; 132,251 candidate microsatellites were identified, 92,102 of which were perfect. dinucleotides were the most abundant category, while (ag)n was ... | 2016 | 27197749 |
| identification, genomic organization and expression profiles of four heat shock protein genes in the western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis. | the western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis, is an important invasive pest with a strong tolerance for extreme temperatures; however, the molecular mechanisms that regulate thermotolerance in this insect remain unclear. in this study, four heat shock protein genes were cloned from f. occidentalis and named fohsp90, fohsc701, fohsc702 and fohsp60. these four hsps exhibited typical characteristics of heat shock proteins. subcellular localization signals and phylogenetic analysis indicate ... | 2016 | 27033046 |
| automated video tracking of thrips behavior to assess host-plant resistance in multiple parallel two-choice setups. | piercing-sucking insects cause severe damage in crops. breeding for host-plant resistance can significantly reduce the yield losses caused by these insects, but host-plant resistance is a complex trait that is difficult to phenotype quickly and reliably. current phenotyping methods mainly focus on labor-intensive and time-consuming end-point measurements of plant fitness. characterizing insect behavior as a proxy for host-plant resistance could be a promising time-saving alternative to end-point ... | 2016 | 26788117 |
| continuous exposure to the deterrents cis-jasmone and methyl jasmonate does not alter the behavioural responses of frankliniella occidentalis. | behavioural responses of frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) (thysanoptera: thripidae), a generalist, cell sap-feeding insect species with piercing-sucking mouthparts, after continuous exposure to two deterrent secondary plant compounds are investigated. we compared in choice assays on bean leaf discs, the settling, feeding, and oviposition preferences of f. occidentalis females that had no experience with the two fatty acid derivatives methyl jasmonate and cis-jasmone before testing (naïve th ... | 2016 | 26726263 |
| context-dependent alarm signalling in an insect. | animals often respond to danger by raising alarm to inform others. alarm signals come in many different forms, such as visual or mechanical display, sound or odour. some animals produce vocal alarm signals that vary with the level of danger. for chemical alarm signals, virtually nothing is known about such context-dependent signalling due to a general notion that alarm pheromones have fixed compositions. here, we show that larvae of the western flower thrips (frankliniella occidentalis) produce ... | 2016 | 26688127 |
| field-evolved resistance to insecticides in the invasive western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) (thysanoptera: thripidae) in china. | to understand the current status of insecticide resistance of the invasive western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis, in china, the responses of six field populations to six commonly used insecticides, i.e. spinosad, spinetoram, cyantraniliprole, imidacloprid, acetamiprid and pyriproxyfen, were evaluated in comparison with a susceptible laboratory strain. | 2016 | 26617067 |
| proteomic analysis reveals resistance mechanism against chlorpyrifos in frankliniella occidentalis (thysanoptera: thripidae). | the western flower thrips is an economically important worldwide pest of many crops, and chlorpyrifos has been used to control western flower thrips for many years. to develop a better resistance-management strategy, a chlorpyrifos-resistant strain of western flower thrips (wft-chl) was selected in the laboratory. more than 39-fold resistance was achieved after selected by chlorpyrifos for 19 generations in comparison with the susceptible strain (wft-s). proteome of western flower thrips (wft-s ... | 2015 | 26470346 |
| minute pollinators: the role of thrips (thysanoptera) as pollinators of pointleaf manzanita, arctostaphylos pungens (ericaceae). | the feeding habits of thrips on plant tissue, and their ability to transmit viral diseases to their host plants, have usually placed these insects in the general category of pests. however, the characteristics that make them economically important, their high abundance and short- and long-distance movement capability, may also make them effective pollinators. we investigated this lesser-known role of thrips in pointleaf manzanita (arctostaphylos pungens), a southwestern us shrub. we measured the ... | 2017 | 26207155 |
| biotic resistance limits the invasiveness of the western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (thysanoptera: thripidae), in florida. | the spread of the western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande), has resulted in the world-wide destabilization of established integrated pest management programs for many crops. it is hypothesized that frequent exposure to insecticides in intensive agriculture selected for resistant populations, which allowed invasive populations in the eastern usa to overcome biotic resistance from the native community of species. research conducted in florida to understand the role of biotic fa ... | 2016 | 26149353 |
| within-crop air temperature and humidity outcomes on spatio-temporal distribution of the key rose pest frankliniella occidentalis. | frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) is a key pest of various crops worldwide. in this study, we analyse the dependence of the infestation of this pest on spatially distributed micro climatic factors in a rose greenhouse. despite the importance of this subject, the few existing studies have been realized in laboratory rather than in greenhouse conditions. however, recent progress on greenhouse microclimate characterisation has highlighted the strong indoor climate heterogeneity that may influen ... | 2015 | 26011275 |
| demonstration of an adaptive response to preconditioning frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) to sublethal doses of spinosad: a hormetic-dose response. | sublethal doses of some insecticides have been reported to either stimulate or reduce the survival and fecundity of insects. many sublethal-effect studies have been conducted after exposure of only one generation to sublethal insecticides, and there is little information about the sublethal effects on insects after long-term exposure to sublethal insecticides. in this study, changes in biological characteristics were investigated in spinosad-susceptible (spin-s) and sublethal-spinosad-treated (s ... | 2015 | 25910608 |
| rna interference tools for the western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis. | the insect order thysanoptera is exclusively comprised of small insects commonly known as thrips. the western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis, is an economically important pest amongst thysanopterans due to extensive feeding damage and tospovirus transmission to hundreds of plant species worldwide. geographically-distinct populations of f. occidentalis have developed resistance against many types of traditional chemical insecticides, and as such, management of thrips and tospoviruses a ... | 2015 | 25796097 |
| detection of the quarantine species thrips palmi by loop-mediated isothermal amplification. | thrips palmi (from the order thysanoptera) is a serious insect pest of various crops, including vegetables, fruits and ornamental plants, causing significant economic losses. its presence constitutes a double threat; not only does t. palmi feed on the plants, it is also a vector for several plant viruses. t. palmi originated in asia, but has spread to north and central america, africa, oceania and the caribbean in recent decades. this species has been sporadically noted in europe and is under qu ... | 2015 | 25793743 |
| understanding trophic interactions of orius spp. (hemiptera: anthocoridae) in lettuce crops by molecular methods. | the aphid nasonovia ribisnigri (mosley) (hemiptera: aphididae) and the thrips frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) (thysanoptera: thripidae) are common pests in mediterranean lettuce crops, where orius spp. are common generalist predators. predation by orius spp. was studied in a lettuce plot by conventional polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and real-time pcr analyses using specific primers of both main pests. also, high-throughput sequencing was used to have a wider approach of the diet of these ... | 2016 | 25641943 |
| preferences of the peripheral olfactory system of western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis towards stereoisomers of common plant volatiles. | stereochemistry plays a significant role in structure-activity relationships of messenger chemicals. the ability to distinguish between enantiomers and geometric isomers, however, may be limited to certain stereoisomeric substances, depending on the receiver. in this study, we assessed the preference of the peripheral olfactometry system of western flower thrips, f. occidentalis towards ubiquitously expressed host compounds, with a goal of establishing whether particular stereoisomers enhance ho ... | 2017 | 25598579 |
| apple pollen as a supplemental food source for the control of western flower thrips by two predatory mites, amblyseius swirskii and neoseiulus cucumeris (acari: phytoseiidae), on potted chrysanthemum. | it has been shown that pollen as a dietary supplement may increase the establishment (development and reproduction) and survival of phytoseiid predatory mites, and therefore the pest control these mites can provide. in this study, the role of apple pollen as a supplemental food source was assessed as a means to increase the efficiency of two predatory mite species, neoseiulus cucumeris and amblyseius swirskii, for control of western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis, under greenhouse con ... | 2015 | 25420686 |
| seasonal climatic variations influence the efficacy of predatory mites used for control of western flower thrips in greenhouse ornamental crops. | the influence of seasonal greenhouse climate on the efficacy of predatory mites for thrips control was determined for potted chrysanthemum. trials in controlled environment chambers, small-scale greenhouses and commercial greenhouses were conducted to determine which biological control agent-that is, amblyseius swirskii athias-henriot or neoseiulus cucumeris (oudemans)-is more efficacious for control of western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande), in different seasons. under sim ... | 2015 | 25408478 |
| evaluation and validation of reference genes for qrt-pcr normalization in frankliniella occidentalis (thysanoptera: thripidae). | quantitative real time pcr (qrt-pcr) has emerged as a reliable and reproducible technique for studying gene expression analysis. for accurate results, the normalization of data with reference genes is particularly essential. once the transcriptome sequencing of frankliniella occidentalis was completed, numerous unigenes were identified and annotated. unfortunately, there are no studies on the stability of reference genes used in f. occidentalis. in this work, seven candidate reference genes, inc ... | 2014 | 25356721 |
| compatibility of reduced-risk insecticides with the non-target predatory mite iphiseius degenerans (acari: phytoseiidae). | iphiseius degenerans (berlese) (acari: phytoseiidae) is a common predatory mite in citrus orchards in some areas of the mediterranean basin and an important biological control agent of the thrips frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) in integrated pest management (ipm) programmes in greenhouse crops. in this study, we evaluated the effects of the 'reduced-risk' insecticides acetamiprid, chlorantraniliprole, flubendiamide, metaflumizone, methoxyfenozide, spinetoram and thiamethoxam on i. degenera ... | 2015 | 25298132 |
| habituation in frankliniella occidentalis to deterrent plant compounds and their blends. | feeding and oviposition deterrence of three secondary plant compounds and their 1:1 blends to adult female frankliniella occidentalis pergande (thysanoptera: thripidae) and the potential for habituation of the thrips to the pure compounds and the 1:1 blends at various concentrations were investigated. in choice assays, we tested dose-dependent feeding and oviposition deterrence of the two fatty acid derivatives methyl jasmonate and cis-jasmone, the phenylpropanoid allylanisole, and their blends ... | 2014 | 25253898 |
| molecular assessment of predation by hoverflies (diptera: syrphidae) in mediterranean lettuce crops. | hoverflies (diptera: syrphidae) are generalist predators of a great variety of pests. nasonovia ribisnigri (hemiptera: aphididae) and frankliniella occidentalis (thysanoptera: thripidae) are two common pests in mediterranean lettuce crops, where they occur alongside alternative prey (e.g., collembola). a semi-field experiment was conducted in an experimental lettuce plot where hoverfly predation on n. ribisnigri, f. occidentalis and collembola was studied by conventional pcr and qpcr using speci ... | 2015 | 25236922 |
| effects of heat stress on survival of frankliniella occidentalis (thysanoptera: thripidae) and thrips tabaci (thysanoptera: thripidae). | temperature is known to play a crucial role in the population dynamics of insects. insects have evolved different mechanisms to resist unfavorable extreme temperatures. in recent years, western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) (thysanoptera: thripidae), and onion thrips, thrips tabaci (lindeman) (thysanoptera: thripidae), have caused significant damage to vegetable crops. because of global warming and expanding areas of vegetable cultivation, a study of the effects of heat st ... | 2014 | 25195431 |
| thiamethoxam resistance selected in the western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis (thysanoptera: thripidae): cross-resistance patterns, possible biochemical mechanisms and fitness costs analysis. | the western flower thrips (wft) frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) (thysanoptera: thripidae), an important pest of various crops in the world, has invaded china since 2003. to understand the risks and to determine possible mechanisms of resistance to thiamethoxam in wft, a resistant strain was selected under the laboratory conditions. cross-resistance and the possible biochemical resistance mechanisms were investigated in this study. a 15.1-fold thiamethoxam-resistant wft strain (th-r) was es ... | 2014 | 25175655 |
| spinosad resistance, esterase isoenzymes and temporal synergism in frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) in australia. | spinosad has been widely used in australia to control western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) but spinosad usefulness is now compromised by resistance. here we studied a highly spinosad resistant strain of f. occidentalis to explore if esterases had a role in spinosad resistance. enhanced esterase activity in pressured spinosad-resistant f. occidentalis was confirmed via page electrophoresis and estimated to be approximately three times higher than that in a susceptible strai ... | 2014 | 25175647 |
| cyantraniliprole: a valuable tool for frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) management. | frankliniella occidentalis is a worldwide economically important pest. scarcity of effective products and cross-resistance issues make resistance to existing insecticides a recurring problem that requires the development of new control tools, such as incorporating novel compounds. lethal effects of cyantraniliprole on adults and larvae from field and insecticide-resistant populations were evaluated. in addition, the sublethal effects on biological features such as fecundity, fertility, feeding, ... | 2015 | 25138907 |
| identification of the aggregation pheromone of the melon thrips, thrips palmi. | the objective of this study was to identify the aggregation pheromone of the melon thrips thrips palmi, a major pest of vegetable and ornamental plants around the world. the species causes damage both through feeding activities and as a vector of tospoviruses, and is a threat to world trade and european horticulture. improved methods of detecting and controlling this species are needed and the identification of an aggregation pheromone will contribute to this requirement. bioassays with a y-tube ... | 2014 | 25101871 |
| cross-resistance and baseline susceptibility of spirotetramat in frankliniella occidentalis (thysanoptera: thripidae). | western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande), is an economically important pest all over the world. new products against thrips are necessary, as there are few effective compounds exhibiting cross-resistance among them. lethal effects, cross-resistance, and baseline susceptibility to spirotetramat were evaluated in this study. a new bioassay method for testing thrips against spirotetramat was developed. spirotetramat showed a significant mortality effect on larvae after 7 d of ex ... | 2014 | 25026688 |
| spinosad resistance of melon thrips, thrips palmi, is conferred by g275e mutation in α6 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and cytochrome p450 detoxification. | to examine the resistance mechanisms of thrips palmi against spinosad, we cloned partial nucleotide sequences of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α6 subunit (tpα6) gene from susceptible (ok) and resistant (ts1 and ts5) strains and compared the deduced amino acid sequences among the three strains. the ok, ts1, and ts5 strains respectively showed lc50 values of 3.4mg/l, 2838.5mg/l, and 6655.5mg/l. the deduced amino acid sequence of tpα6 gene showed 96% identity with that of frankliniella occid ... | 2014 | 24974117 |
| innate responses to putative ancestral hosts: is the attraction of western flower thrips to pine pollen a result of relict olfactory receptors? | pollinophagy is widely documented in the order thysanoptera, with representative individuals from six of the nine divergent families known to feed on pollen. various pollens of the genus pinus increase the development time, fecundity, longevity, and settling preference of western flower thrips (wft), frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) (thysanoptera: thripidae). certain species of flower thrips discriminate among pollen types, but no studies have elucidated the olfactory cues that play a role ... | 2014 | 24879603 |
| effects of kinship or familiarity? small thrips larvae experience lower predation risk only in groups of mixed-size siblings. | in many species of insects, larvae are distributed in an aggregated fashion. as they may differ in size and size matters to predation risk, small larvae may be less likely to fall prey to predators when near large and therefore better-defended larvae. we hypothesize that the small larvae may profit even more when these large larvae are siblings. we tested this hypothesis on kinship-dependent survival in groups of larvae of the western flower thrips (frankliniella occidentalis) exposed to a preda ... | 2014 | 24833813 |
| an alternative suite of universal primers for genotyping in multiplex pcr. | the universal primer three-primer approach can dramatically reduce the cost when genotyping the microsatellites. one former research reported four universal primers that can be used in singleplex and multiplex genotyping. in this study, we proposed an alternative suite of universal primers with four dyes for genotyping 8-12 loci in one single run. this multiplex method was tested on tetranychus truncatus. published microsatellite loci of t. kanzawai, frankliniella occidentalis and nilaparvata lu ... | 2014 | 24658225 |
| behavioural responses of frankliniella occidentalis pergande larvae to methyl jasmonate and cis-jasmone. | the larval stages of frankliniella occidentalis pergande (thysanoptera: thripidae) cause more direct feeding damage to plants than the adults. we, therefore, investigated the behaviour-modifying effects on second instar larvae of two jasmonic acid derivatives. the artificial application of methyl jasmonate and cis-jasmone, both at 1 % concentration, deterred the larvae from settling in a dual choice bean leaf disc assay. we observed a dose-dependent feeding deterrence of both jasmonates and calc ... | 2014 | 24563647 |
| nitric oxide as a potent fumigant for postharvest pest control. | there is a great demand for safe and effective alternative fumigants to replace methyl bromide and other toxic fumigants for postharvest pest control. nitric oxide, a common signal molecule in biological systems, was found to be effective and safe to control insects under ultralow oxygen conditions. four insect species including western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) (thysanoptera thripidae); aphid, nasonovia ribisnigri (mosley) (homoptera: aphididae); confused flour beetle ... | 2013 | 24498723 |
| combined effects of temperature and avermectins on life history and stress response of the western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis. | temperature and pesticide are two important factors that affect survival, reproduction and other physiological processes of insects. to determine interactions of elevated temperature and avermectins treatment on the western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis, newly emerged adults were exposed to combinations of three temperatures (21, 26 and 33 °c) and two avermectins concentrations (0, 45 ppm), and survival rate, reproduction, longevity, antioxidant enzymes activities and heat shock prot ... | 2014 | 24485314 |
| alkaloid metabolism in thrips-papaveraceae interaction: recognition and mutual response. | frankliniella occidentalis (pergande), the western flower thrips (wft), is a polyphagous and highly adaptable insect of the order thysanoptera. it has a broad host range but is rarely found on papaveraceae, which might be due to deterrent effects of alkaloids present in most species of this family. in order to test the adaptive potential of wft, we investigated its interaction with two papaveraceae offered as sole feeding source. we found that wft are able to live and feed on leaves of eschschol ... | 2014 | 24331426 |
| foraging on individual leaves by an intracellular feeding insect is not associated with leaf biomechanical properties or leaf orientation. | nearly all herbivorous arthropods make foraging-decisions on individual leaves, yet systematic investigations of the adaptive significance and ecological factors structuring these decisions are rare with most attention given to chewing herbivores. this study investigated why an intracellular feeding herbivore, western flower thrips (wft) frankliniella occidentalis pergande, generally avoids feeding on the adaxial leaf surface of cotton cotyledons. wft showed a significant aversion to adaxial-fee ... | 2013 | 24260510 |
| the green lacewing, chrysoperla carnea: preference between lettuce aphids, nasonovia ribisnigri, and western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis. | this study investigated the prey preference of 3(rd) instar green lacewing, chrysoperla carnea stephens (neuroptera: chrysopidae), between western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) (thysanoptera: thripidae), and lettuce aphids, nasonovia ribisnigri (mosley) (hemiptera: aphididae) in laboratory experiments at 25 ± 1° c and 70 ± 5% rh with five prey ratios (10 aphids:80 thrips, 25 aphids:65 thrips, 45 aphids:45 thrips, 65 aphids:25 thrips, and 80 aphids:10 thrips). third instar ... | 2013 | 24205864 |
| host plant effects on the behaviour and performance of amblyseius swirskii (acari: phytoseiidae). | biological control in ornamental crops is challenging due to the wide diversity of crops and cultivars. in this study, we tested the hypothesis that trichome density on different host plants influences the behavior and performance of the predatory mite amblyseius swirskii athias-henriot (acari: phytoseiidae). behavioural observations of this predator in the presence or absence of prey (western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis pergande) (thysanoptera: thripidae) were done on leaf squares ... | 2014 | 24037505 |
| potential of the predatory mite phytoseius finitimus (acari: phytoseiidae) to feed and reproduce on greenhouse pests. | phytoseiid mites of the genus phytoseius are natural enemies of tetranychid and eriophyid herbivorous mites mostly found on hairy plants where they feed on prey, as well as on pollen. nevertheless, the nutritional ecology and the role of these predators in biological pest control are only rarely addressed. in the present study, we evaluated the potential of phytoseius finitimus to feed and reproduce on three major greenhouse pests, the two-spotted spider mite, the greenhouse whitefly and the wes ... | 2013 | 23771476 |
| chrysanthemum expressing a linalool synthase gene 'smells good', but 'tastes bad' to western flower thrips. | herbivore-induced plant volatiles are often involved in direct and indirect plant defence against herbivores. linalool is a common floral scent and found to be released from leaves by many plants after herbivore attack. in this study, a linalool/nerolidol synthase, fanes1, was overexpressed in the plastids of chrysanthemum plants (chrysanthemum morifolium). the volatiles of fanes1 chrysanthemum leaves were strongly dominated by linalool, but they also emitted small amount of the c11-homoterpene, ... | 2013 | 23745691 |
| a male-predominant cuticular hydrocarbon, 7-methyltricosane, is used as a contact pheromone in the western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis. | in a laboratory bioassay, adult female frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) (thysanoptera: thripidae) spent more time near filter paper disks that had been exposed to adult males than near unexposed disks; this effect was not observed on disks exposed to adult females. the response could only partly be explained by the known male-produced aggregation pheromone, neryl (s)-2-methylbutanoate, suggesting the presence of an unknown male-produced compound. in gas chromatography/mass spectrometry anal ... | 2013 | 23519504 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of an hsp90/70 organizing protein gene from frankliniella occidentalis (insecta: thysanoptera, thripidae). | the heat shock 90/70 organizing protein (hop), also known as sti-1 (stress-induced protein-1), is a co-chaperone that usually mediates the interaction of hsp90 and hsp70 and has been extensively characterized in mammals and plants. however, its role in insects remains unknown. in the present study, we isolated and characterized a hop homologue gene from frankliniella occidentalis (fohop). the fohop contains a 1659bp orf encoding a protein of 552 amino acids with a caculated molecular mass of app ... | 2013 | 23458874 |
| [resistance mechanisms and cross-resistance of phoxim-resistant frankliniella occidentalis pergande population]. | to understand the resistance risks of frankliniella occidentalis pergande against phoxim, this paper studied the resistance mechanisms of phoxim-resistant f. occidentalis population against phoxim and the cross-resistance of the population against other insecticides. the phoxim-resistant population had medium level cross-resistance to chlorpyrifos, lambda-cyhalothrin, and methomyl, low level cross-resistance to chlorfenapyr, imidacloprid, emamectin-benzoate, and spinosad, but no cross-resistance ... | 2012 | 23173470 |
| variation in genetics and performance of dutch western flower thrips populations. | invasion of pests may result in local adaptation and the development of biotypes specialized in different hosts. in this study, we investigated western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande), an invasive pest in europe. thrips from different commercial glasshouse crops within the dutch westland and a lab culture kept on chrysanthemum were compared. genetic barcoding was applied for the identification of potential western flower thrips cryptic species in the netherlands revealing th ... | 2012 | 23156182 |
| frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) integrated pest management programs for fruiting vegetables in florida. | the spread of the western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) (thysanoptera: thripidae), resulted in the worldwide destabilization of established integrated pest management programs for many crops. efforts to control the pest and the thrips-vectored tospoviruses with calendar applications of broad-spectrum insecticides have been unsuccessful. the result has been a classic '3-r' situation: resistance to numerous insecticides; resurgence of the western flower thrips populations as ... | 2012 | 23109226 |
| repellency of essential oils to frankliniella occidentalis (thysanoptera: thripidae) as affected by type of oil and polymer release. | eight essential oils [0.125-1.0% (vol:vol) in acetone] were separately deposited on leaf disks to evaluate their potential to repel western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) (thysanoptera: thripidae), adult females. two of the best-performing essential oils were incorporated into polymer matrices of methyl cellulose or alginate [0.5 or 1% (wt:vol)] to verify the potential of the polymer to extend repellency of oils over time (24-120 h). results showed that at a concentration o ... | 2012 | 22928303 |
| juvenile prey induce antipredator behaviour in adult predators. | it is generally assumed that the choice of oviposition sites in arthropods is affected by the presence of food for the offspring on the one hand and by predation risk on the other hand. but where should females oviposit when the food itself poses a predation risk for their offspring? here, we address this question by studying the oviposition behaviour of the predatory mite amblyseius swirskii in reaction to the presence of its counterattacking prey, the western flower thrips frankliniella occide ... | 2013 | 22923143 |
| thiamethoxam acts as a target-site synergist of spinosad in resistant strains of frankliniella occidentalis. | previous studies have suggested that the resistance mechanism towards spinosad in frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) is an altered target site. like the neonicotinoids, the spinosyns act on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nachrs) in insects, but at a distinct site. the changes in nachrs related to spinosad resistance in thrips might involve interaction with neonicotinoids. in this study, the efficacy of spinosad and neonicotinoids, alone and in combination, was evaluated in susceptible and ... | 2013 | 22847768 |
| novel cytochrome p450 genes, cyp6eb1 and cyp6ec1, are over-expressed in acrinathrin-resistant frankliniella occidentalis (thysanoptera: thripidae). | control of frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) is a serious problem for agriculture all over the world because of the limited range of insecticides that are available. insecticide resistance in f. occidentalis has been reported for all major insecticide groups. our previous studies showed that cytochrome p450-mediated detoxification is a major mechanism responsible for insecticide resistance in this pest. degenerate polymerase chain reaction was used to identify p450 genes that might be involv ... | 2012 | 22812142 |
| the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis (thysanoptera: thripidae) contains triplicate putative control regions. | to investigate the features of the control region (cr) and the gene rearrangement in the mitochondrial (mt) genome of thysanoptera insects, we sequenced the whole mt genome of the western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis (thysanoptera: thripidae). the mt genome is a circular molecule with 14,889 nucleotides and an a+t content of 76.6%, and it has triplicate putative crs. we propose that tandem duplication and deletion account for the evolution of the cr and the gene translocations. intra ... | 2012 | 22750320 |
| western flower thrips resistance to insecticides: detection, mechanisms and management strategies. | insecticide resistance continues to be one of the most important issues facing agricultural production. the challenges in insecticide resistance and its management are exemplified by the situation with the western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) (thysanoptera: thripidae). this highly invasive pest has a great propensity for developing insecticide resistance because of its biological attributes, and cases of resistance to most classes of insecticides used for its management ha ... | 2012 | 22566175 |
| invasion genetics of the western flower thrips in china: evidence for genetic bottleneck, hybridization and bridgehead effect. | the western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande), is an invasive species and the most economically important pest within the insect order thysanoptera. f. occidentalis, which is endemic to north america, was initially detected in kunming in southwestern china in 2000 and since then it has rapidly invaded several other localities in china where it has greatly damaged greenhouse vegetables and ornamental crops. controlling this invasive pest in china requires an understanding of it ... | 2012 | 22509325 |
| development and characterization of 18 novel est-ssrs from the western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande). | the western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande), is an invasive species and the most economically important pest within the insect order thysanoptera. for a better understanding of the genetic makeup and migration patterns of f. occidentalis throughout the world, we characterized 18 novel polymorphic est-derived microsatellites. the mutational mechanism of these est-ssrs was also investigated to facilitate the selection of appropriate combinations of markers for population genet ... | 2012 | 22489130 |
| pyrethrins protect pyrethrum leaves against attack by western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis. | pyrethrins are active ingredients extracted from pyrethrum flowers (tanacetum cinerariifolium), and are the most widely used botanical insecticide. however, several thrips species are commonly found on pyrethrum flowers in the field, and are the dominant insects found inside the flowers. up to 80% of western flower thrips (wft, frankliniella occidentalis) adults died within 3 days of initiating feeding on leaves of pyrethrum, leading us to evaluate the role of pyrethrins in the defense of pyreth ... | 2012 | 22456949 |
| oxygen enhances phosphine toxicity for postharvest pest control. | phosphine fumigations under superatmospheric oxygen levels (oxygenated phosphine fumigations) were significantly more effective than the fumigations under the normal 20.9% atmospheric oxygen level against western flower thrips [frankliniella occidentalis (pergande)] adults and larvae, leafminer liriomyza langei frick pupae, grape mealybug [pseudococcus maritimus (ehrhorn)] eggs, and indianmeal moth [plodia interpunctella (hübner)] eggs and pupae. in 5-h fumigations with 1,000 ppm phosphine at 5 ... | 2011 | 22066172 |
| the relationship between structurally different pyrrolizidine alkaloids and western flower thrips resistance in f(2) hybrids of jacobaea vulgaris and jacobaea aquatica. | segregating plant hybrids often have more ecological and molecular variability compared to parental species, and are therefore useful for studying relationships between different traits, and the adaptive significance of trait variation. hybrid systems have been used to study the relationship between the expression of plant defense compounds and herbivore susceptibility. we conducted a western flower thrips (wft) bioassay using a hybrid family and investigated the relationship between wft resista ... | 2011 | 21969251 |
| accuracy, precision, and economic efficiency for three methods of thrips (thysanoptera: thripidae) population density assessment. | western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) (thysanoptera: thripidae), is a major horticultural pest and an important vector of plant viruses in many parts of the world. methods for assessing thrips population density for pest management decision support are often inaccurate or imprecise due to thrips' positive thigmotaxis, small size, and naturally aggregated populations. two established methods, flower tapping and an alcohol wash, were compared with a novel method, plant desic ... | 2011 | 21882699 |
| an overview of nmr-based metabolomics to identify secondary plant compounds involved in host plant resistance. | secondary metabolites provide a potential source for the generation of host plant resistance and development of biopesticides. this is especially important in view of the rapid and vast spread of agricultural and horticultural pests worldwide. multiple pests control tactics in the framework of an integrated pest management (ipm) programme are necessary. one important strategy of ipm is the use of chemical host plant resistance. up to now the study of chemical host plant resistance has, for techn ... | 2011 | 21765818 |
| esterase inhibition by synergists in the western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis. | western flower thrips (wft), frankliniella occidentalis (pergande), is among the most important crop pests in the south-eastern region of spain. its increasing resistance to insecticides constitutes a serious problem, and understanding the mechanisms involved is therefore of great interest. use of synergists to inhibit the enzymes involved in insecticide detoxification is widely used to determine their responsibility for insecticide resistance. however, they do not always act as intended or expe ... | 2011 | 21656898 |
| compatibility of spinosad with predaceous mites (acari) used to control frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) (thysanoptera: thripidae). | spinosad is a biopesticide widely used for control of frankliniella occidentalis (pergande). it is reported to be non-toxic to several predatory mite species used for the biological control of thrips. predatory mites typhlodromips montdorensis (schicha), neoseiulus cucumeris (oudemans) and hypoaspis miles (berlese) have been used for control of f. occidentalis. this study investigated the impact of direct and residual toxicity of spinosad on f. occidentalis and predatory mites. the repellency of ... | 2011 | 21452165 |
| life-stage variation in insecticide resistance of the western flower thrips (thysanoptera: thripidae). | the life-stage variations in insecticide resistance of western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) (thysanoptera: thripidae), to selective insecticides (acrinathrin, formetanate, and methiocarb) were studied using resistant laboratory strains. in each strain, the second-instar larva was less susceptible to the insecticides tested than the adults. the lower the resistance level of the adults, the higher the difference between larva and adult susceptibility: 32-fold to methiocarb, ... | 2010 | 21309240 |
| developmental profile and hormonal regulation of the transcription factors broad and krüppel homolog 1 in hemimetabolous thrips. | in holometabolous insects, krüppel homolog 1 (kr-h1) and broad (br) are key players in the juvenile hormone (jh) regulation of metamorphosis: kr-h1 is an early jh-response gene, while br is a transcription factor that directs pupal development. thrips (thysanoptera) are classified as hemimetabolous insects that develop directly from nymph to adult, but they have quiescent and non-feeding stages called propupa and pupa. we analyzed the developmental profiles of br and kr-h1 in the western flower ... | 2011 | 21111817 |
| clarifying the identity of amblyseius swirskii and amblyseius rykei (acari: phytoseiidae): are they two distinct species or two populations of one species? | the generalist predator amblyseius swirskii is an efficient natural enemy of small insects and phytophagous mites, particularly thrips and spider mites. this phytoseiid species was considered for a long time as a subtropical species and amblyseius rykei as a sub-saharan african species. a recent revision of phytoseiid species of the subtribe amblyseiina from sub-saharan africa zannou et al. (zootaxa 1550:1-47, 2007) determined that the two species are identical and synonymized them. to confirm o ... | 2011 | 21072570 |
| prey preference of the predatory mite, amblyseius swirskii between first instar western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis and nymphs of the twospotted spider mite tetranychus urticae. | the prey preference of polyphagous predators plays an important role in suppressing different species of pest insects. in this study the prey preference of the predatory mite, amblyseius swirskii (athias-henriot) (acari: phytoseiidae) was examined between nymphs of the twospotted spider mite, tetranychus urticae koch (acari: tetranychidae) and first instar larvae of the western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) (thysanoptera: thripidae), as well as between active and chrysalis ... | 2010 | 21070175 |
| nuclear-mitochondrial barcoding exposes the global pest western flower thrips (thysanoptera: thripidae) as two sympatric cryptic species in its native california. | over the past three decades, western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) (thysanoptera: thripidae), has become a major worldwide pest of many agricultural and horticultural crops. in response, much time, money, and effort have been put into pure and applied research focusing on the biology and control of this pest. western flower thrips is native to western north america and widespread in california. high levels of variation in basic biology, pest status, and resistance to insec ... | 2010 | 20568635 |
| habitat-specific population structure in native western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis (insecta, thysanoptera). | invasions by pest organisms are among the main challenges for sustainable crop protection. they pose a serious threat to crop production by introducing a highly unpredictable element to existing crop protection strategies. the western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis (insecta, thysanoptera) managed to invade ornamental greenhouses worldwide within < 25 years. to shed light on possible genetic and/or ecological factors that may have been responsible for this invasion success, we studied t ... | 2010 | 20149024 |
| taqman real-time quantitative pcr for identification of western flower thrip (frankliniella occidentalis) for plant quarantine. | western flower thrip (frankliniella occidentalis) is a major global pest of agricultural products. it directly damages crops through feeding, oviposition activity or transmission of several plant viruses. we describe a taqman real-time quantitative pcr detection system, which can rapidly identify f. occidentalis from thrips larvae to complement the traditional morphological identification. the data showed that our detection system targeted on the ribosomal rna gene regions of f. occidentalis has ... | 2010 | 20129946 |