| comparative repellent activities of some plant extracts against simulium damnosum complex. | abstract the root and leaf extracts of four plants, occimum gratissimum, azadirachta indica, pterocarpus santalinoides, and pistia hyptis, were studied for repellent activities against the adults of simulium damnosum sensu lato. the leaves and roots were extracted with 95% ethanol and the stocks were diluted with paraffin. the repellent activities of the extracts were investigated using human baits along the banks of river oyan and river ogun in southwestern nigeria. the results showed that the ... | 2010 | 21142952 |
| traditional herbal medicine in far-west nepal: a pharmacological appraisal. | plant species have long been used as principal ingredients of traditional medicine in far-west nepal. the medicinal plants with ethnomedicinal values are currently being screened for their therapeutic potential but their data and information are inadequately compared and analyzed with the ayurveda and the phytochemical findings. | 2010 | 21144003 |
| efficacy evaluation of a commercial neem cake for control of haematobia irritans on nelore cattle. | much attention has been given to the development of botanical insecticides to provide effective natural control of cattle ectoparasites without harming animals, consumers, and environment. this study evaluated the efficacy of a commercial neem cake in controlling haematobia irritans infestation on cattle. the study was conducted at the embrapa southeast cattle research center (cppse), in são carlos, sp, brazil, from april to july 2008. the neem cake mixed in mineral salt in a 2% concentration wa ... | 2010 | 21184697 |
| effect of neem extract against the bacteria isolated from marine fish. | marine ornamental fishes are exceedingly valuable due to their high demand in domestic and international markets. there is a growing global interest to rear the fishes in captivity. but problem due to bacteria and fungi are the major hitch in captive condition. since, the use of antibiotics is banned, an attempt was made to ascertain in vitro assay of the neem leaves extract against the bacterial pathogens isolated from infected fishes. bacterial strains isolated from infected regions of the clo ... | 2010 | 21186711 |
| traditional herbal antimalarial therapy in kilifi district, kenya. | to identify plant species used by the traditional health practitioners (thps) in treatment of malaria, carry out cytotoxicity and efficacy evaluation of the identified plants and to evaluate combination effects. | 2011 | 21211554 |
| the melanogenesis-inhibitory, anti-inflammatory, and chemopreventive effects of limonoids in n-hexane extract of azadirachta indica a. juss. (neem) seeds. | seventeen limonoids (tetranortriterpenoids 1-17) were isolated from the n-hexane extract of azadirachta indica (neem) seeds. the previously unidentified compound 16 was established by spectroscopy to be 17-defurano-17-oxosalannin. the effects of six compounds, 6 and 11-15, on melanogenesis in b16 melanoma cells was evaluated; 2 compounds, salannin (13) and 3-deacetylsalannin (15), exhibited marked inhibitory effects (70-74% reduction of melanin content at 25 µg/ml) with only minor cytotoxicity ( ... | 2011 | 21263200 |
| [selection of isolates of entomopathogenic fungi for controlling tuta absoluta (meyrick) (lepidoptera: gelechiidae) and their compatibility with insecticides used in tomato crop]. | the activity of metarhizium anisopliae and beauveria bassiana towards eggs and larvae of tuta absoluta (meyrick) was evaluated. our data showed that the isolates were pathogenic to both developmental stages tested and the eggs were more susceptible than the 1st instars. the isolates urpe-6 and urpe-19 of m. anisopliae were more pathogenic to eggs and larvae, respectively. the compatibility of these two isolates with the insecticides chlorfenapyr, spinosad, indoxacarb, abamectin, and neem were ev ... | 2010 | 21271067 |
| neem leaf extract induces radiosensitization in human neuroblastoma xenograft through modulation of apoptotic pathway. | induction of apoptosis is directly correlated with the biological effectiveness of ionizing radiation (ir). accordingly, we investigated the efficacy of neem leaf extract (nle) on ir-associated apoptotic transcriptional modulation and cell death in neuroblastoma (nb). | 2011 | 21273594 |
| an extract of neem leaves reduces anxiety without causing motor side effects in an experimental model. | anxiety modulation often requires pharmaceutical intervention, and though effective in the short-term, benzodiazepines may cause impaired motor function. as a potential alternative, anxiety-modulating effects of a neem leaf (azadirachta indica, a juss) extract were investigated using ethological analysis of rat behaviour on an elevated x maze and compared with diazepam treatment. sexually immature female sprague-dawley rats received 0.07 or 7 mg/kg neem leaf steroidal extract, a sham injection, ... | 2010 | 21291100 |
| ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants commonly used by kani tribals in tirunelveli hills of western ghats, india. | for thousands of years, medicinal plants have played an important role throughout the world in treating and preventing a variety of diseases. kani tribal people in tirunelveli hills still depend on medicinal plants and most of them have a general knowledge of medicinal plants which are used for first aid remedies, to treat cough, cold, fever, headache, poisonous bites and some simple ailments. | 2011 | 21291981 |
| evaluation of mutagenic and antimutagenic activities of neem (azadirachta indica) seed oil in the in vitro ames salmonella/microsome assay and in vivo mouse bone marrow micronucleus test. | the possible mutagenic and antimutagenic activity of neem oil (no) and its dmso extract (nde) were, examined in the ames salmonella/microsome mutagenicity test and the mouse bone marrow micronucleus assay. | 2011 | 21315815 |
| effects of azadirachta indica on certain hematological parameters during benzo(a)pyrene induced murine forestomach tumorigenesis. | exposure to environmental toxicants/carcinogens, the process of carcinogenesis itself and cancer treatments lead to several secondary pathologies including hematological complications. considering versatile pharmacological potentials of azadirachta indica (a. indica), the present study was designed to evaluate its effects on certain hematological parameters in benzo(a)pyrene [b(a)p] induced murine forestomach tumorigenesis bioassay protocol. | 2010 | 21375139 |
| cytotoxic and apoptosis-inducing activities of limonoids from the seeds of azadirachta indica (neem). | thirty-five limonoids, including 15 of the azadiradione type (1-15), five of the gedunin type (16-20), four of the azadirachtin type (21-24), nine of the nimbin type (25-33), and two degraded limonoids (34, 35), isolated from azadirachta indica seed extracts, were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against five human cancer cell lines. seven compounds (3, 6, 7, 16, 18, 28, and 29) exhibited cytotoxic activity against one or more cell lines. among these compounds, 7-deacetyl-7-benzoylepoxya ... | 2011 | 21381696 |
| comparative effect of integrated pest management and farmers' standard pest control practice for managing insect pests on cabbage (brassica spp.). | studies were conducted on experimental cabbage plantings in 2009 and on experimental and commercial plantings in 2010, comparing farmers' current chemical standard pesticide practices with an integrated pest management (ipm) program based on the use of neem (aza-direct) and dipel (bacillus thuringiensis). in experimental plantings, the ipm program used six or eight applications of neem and dipel on a rotational basis. the standard-practice treatments consisted of six or eight applications of car ... | 2011 | 21413143 |
| inhibition of virulence potential of vibrio cholerae by natural compounds. | the rise in multi-drug resistant vibrio cholerae strains is a big problem in treatment of patients suffering from severe cholera. only a few studies have evaluated the potential of natural compounds against v. cholerae. extracts from plants like 'neem', 'guazuma', 'daio', apple, hop, green tea and elephant garlic have been shown to inhibit bacterial growth or the secreted cholera toxin (ct). however, inhibiting bacterial growth like common antimicrobial agents may also impose selective pressure ... | 2011 | 21415500 |
| medical pluralism on mfangano island: use of medicinal plants among persons living with hiv/aids in suba district, kenya. | given the increasing coverage of antiretroviral therapy (art) for hiv/aids treatment as well as the high utilization of herbal medicine, many persons living with hiv/aids in sub-saharan africa are thought to practice medical pluralism, or the adoption of more than one medical system for their care and treatment. using a cross-sectional study we sought to document and identify the herbal medicines used by persons living with hiv/aids on mfangano island, suba district, nyanza province, kenya. | 2011 | 21458556 |
| new antitrypanosomal tetranotriterpenoids from azadirachta indica. | organic extracts of the leaves of azadirachta indica a. juss. yielded ten antitrypanosomal terpenoids. three of these (1-3), are novel and are derivatives of nimbolide and nimbin. they were extracted from chloroform fraction of methanol extract. these compounds were found to exhibit strong antitrypanosomal activities against trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense with mic values ranging of 6.9, 15.6 and 7.8 µg/ml respectively and were more active than cymerlarsan (a standard drug), which had an mic valu ... | 2010 | 21461147 |
| antimicrobial activities of skincare preparations from plant extracts. | in this study, tithonia diversifolia helms. (a gray), aloe secundiflora (miller) and azadirachta indica (a. juss) plant extracts were used to make herbal soaps while thevetia peruviana (schum) seed oil was used to make a herbal lotion for skincare. the soaps were tested for the growth inhibition of escherichia coli, and candida albicans. the lotion was evaluated against staphylococcus aureus and e.coli. although tithonia diversifolia soap exhibited the highest inhibitory effect on the test bacte ... | 2010 | 21461148 |
| combination of synthetic and natural products as pesticides (csynap): a new class of antifungal agents. | in the present communication some dehydrated dialdol products such as 1, 5 - diphenyl pent - 1, 4 - diene - 3 - one (a1); 1, 9 - diphenylnon - 1, 3, 6, 8 - tetraene - 5 - one (a2); 1, 5 - di (2 - hydroxyphenyl) pent - 1, 4 - diene - 3 - one (a3); 1, 5 - difuran pent - 1, 4 - diene - 3 - one (a4); 1, 5 - di [4 - bis (n, ndimethyl) phenyl] pent - 1, 4 - diene - 3 - one (a5) were screened for their antifungal activity. to reduce their adverse effect on the environment, for the first time, we have a ... | 2007 | 21469500 |
| anti-inflammatory, pro-apoptotic, and anti-proliferative effects of a methanolic neem (azadirachta indica) leaf extract are mediated via modulation of the nuclear factor-κb pathway. | azadirachta indica (neem tree) is used in traditional indian medicine for its pharmacological properties including cancer prevention and treatment. here, we studied a neem extract's anti-inflammatory potential via the nuclear factor-κb (nf-κb) signaling pathway, linked to cancer, inflammation, and apoptosis. cultured human leukemia cells were treated with a methanolic neem leaf extract with or without tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-α stimulation. inhibition of nf-κb activity was demonstrated by luc ... | 2011 | 21484152 |
| ovicidal effects of a neem seed extract preparation on eggs of body and head lice. | the eggs (nits) of head and body lice (pediculus humanus capitis, pediculus humanus corporis) were incubated for 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 or 45 min into a neem seed extract contained in a fine shampoo formulation (e.g. wash away® louse), which is known for its significant killing effects of larvae and adults of head lice. the aim of the study was to test whether the developmental stages inside the eggs are also killed after the incubation into the shampoo. it was found that an incubation time of only 5 ... | 2011 | 21484346 |
| trypanocidal potentials of azadirachta indica seeds against trypanosoma evansi. | the trypanocidal potentials of azadirachta indica seeds methanolic extract (nsme) against trypanosoma evansi was examined. in vitro studies with the nsme 100mg/ml, 50mg/ml and 25mg/ml immobilized the parasites within 3min, 8min and 14min respectively. in vivo experiments in infected rats at various dosage with nsme expressed transient ability of clearing the parasites in the infected blood. thin layer chromatographic (tlc) separations of the nsme gave 4 fractions in toluene and ethyl acetate [1: ... | 2011 | 21524857 |
| in vitro acaricidal activity of neem (azadirachta indica) seed extracts with known azadirachtin concentrations against rhipicephalus microplus. | the effect of four extracts from neem seeds (azadirachta indica) containing 2000, 5000, 9000 and 10,000ppm of azadirachtin a (aza), quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) and diluted to 1.25%; 2.5%; 5.0%; 10.0% and 12.8% was verified by in vitro tests with engorged females and larvae of the cattle tick rhipicephalus microplus. the results from the bioassays with the engorged females showed that the main toxic effect of the extracts was reduction of the reproductive parameter ... | 2011 | 21536387 |
| azadirachta indica exerts chemopreventive action against murine skin cancer: studies on histopathological, ultrastructural changes and modulation of nf-kappab, ap-1, and stat1. | the present study reports the histopathological, ultrastructural changes and modulation of nf-kappab, ap-1, and stat 1 during skin carcinogenesis in laca mice and its intervention with azadirachta indica. skin tumors were induced by topical application of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (dmba) (500 nmol/100 microl for 2 weeks) followed by 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (tpa) (1.7 nmol/100 microl of acetone, twice weekly) as a promoter. male laca mice were divided into four groups: control, ... | 2011 | 21542454 |
| novel molecular targets of azadirachta indica associated with inhibition of tumor growth in prostate cancer. | advanced prostate cancer has significant long-term morbidity, and there is a growing interest in alternative and complimentary forms of therapy that will improve the outcomes of patients. azadirachta indica (common name: neem) contains multiple active compounds that have potent anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. the present study investigates the novel targets of the anticancer activity of ethanol extract of neem leaves (eenl) in vitro and evaluates the in vivo efficacy in the prostate ... | 2011 | 21560017 |
| formulation and comparative evaluation of poly herbal anti-acne face wash gels. | context: rauvolfia serpentina (l). benth. ex kurz. (apocynaceae) possessing antibacterial properties are widely used in modern herbal medicines. curcuma longa l. (zingiberaceae), a readily available antiseptic, possess antioxidant, antibacterial, blood purifying and antiinflammatory properties and used in various skin creams. azadirachta indica a. juss. (meliaceae) possess astringent, antiviral, discutient, stimulant and antibacterial properties and works excellently well against acne and keeps ... | 2011 | 21609304 |
| effect of ficus sycomorus and azadirachta indica extracts on liver state of mice infected with schistosoma mansoni. | the potential role of hepatoprotective and antipathological effect of ficus sycomorus and azadirachta indica extracts was evaluated for scavenging the reactive oxygen species (ros) and reduced the oxidative damage and pathological changes in the liver of s. mansoni infected mice. the levels of alanine aminotransferase (alt), asparate aminotransferase (ast) and gamma glutamyl transferase (ggt) were evaluated in the infected mice and treated orally with each plant extract 12 weeks post infection ( ... | 2011 | 21634244 |
| bio-control and plant growth promotion potential of siderophore producing endophytic streptomyces from azadirachta indica a. juss. | three endophytic actinomycetes strains recovered from surface sterilized root tissues of azadirachta indica a. juss. (meliaceae), plants were selected through tests for their potential as bio-control and plant growth promoting agents. it was also observed that the seed treated with the spore suspension of three selected strains of streptomyces, significantly promoted plant growth and antagonized the growth of alternaria alternata, causal agent of early blight disease in tomato plant. it was obse ... | 2011 | 21656792 |
| efficacy of a single treatment of head lice with a neem seed extract: an in vivo and in vitro study on nits and motile stages. | an anti-louse shampoo (licener-«) based on a neem seed extract was tested in vivo and in vitro on its efficacy to eliminate head louse infestation by a single treatment. the hair of 12 children being selected from a larger group due to their intense infestation with head lice were incubated for 10-ámin with the neem seed extract-containing shampoo. it was found that after this short exposition period, none of the lice had survived, when being observed for 22-áh. in all cases, more than 50-70 dea ... | 2011 | 21667206 |
| bioconversion of agricultural waste to ethanol by ssf using recombinant cellulase from clostridium thermocellum. | the effect of different pretreatment methods, temperature, and enzyme concentration on ethanol production from 8 lignocellulosic agrowaste by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (ssf) using recombinant cellulase and saccharomyces cerevisiae were studied. recombinant cellulase was isolated from e. coli bl21 cells transformed with ctlic26a-cel5-cbm11 full-length gene from clostridium thermocellum and produced in both batch and fed-batch processes. the maximum cell od and specific activi ... | 2011 | 21811671 |
| the effects of combination of methanolic leaf extract of azadirachta indica and diminazene diaceturate in the treatment of experimental trypanosoma brucei brucei infection in rats. | to investigate the effects of combination therapy of methanolic leaf extract of azadirachta indica (a. indica) and diminazene diaceturate (dda) in the treatment of experimental trypanosoma brucei brucei (t. brucei brucei) infection in rats. | 2011 | 21771672 |
| effects of a neem seed extract (mitestop®) on mallophages (featherlings) of chicken: in vivo and in vitro studies. | mallophages of birds (featherlings) are mostly very tiny and can even as adults better be recognized by their movements than by their elongate body shape when using just the naked eye. since some species (e.g., the "shaft louse" menopon gallinae, the elongate feather louse lipeurus caponis, or columbicola sp.) may pierce the pulp of feathers or the skin by their biting or scratching mandibles and thus lick the excreted blood, they may be extremely dangerous especially to young birds, even if the ... | 2011 | 21744016 |
| anticancer biology of azadirachta indica l (neem): a mini review. | neem (azadirachta indica), a member of the meliaceae family, is a fast growing tropical evergreen tree with highly branched and stout solid stem. because of its tremendous therapeutic, domestic, agricultural and ethnomedicinal significance, and proximity with human culture and civilization neem has been called as "the wonder tree" and "nature's drug store". all parts of this tree, particularly leaves, bark, seed-oil and their purified products are widely used for treatment of cancer. over sixty ... | 2011 | 21743298 |
| suppression of branches in eucalyptus trees. | the effect of neem oil, which acts as a suckericide in tobacco, on branch suppression in eucalyptus tereticornis was assessed to help maximize stem biomass. lateral branches of selected trees were pruned, and neem oil solutions at concentrations of either 80%, 40%, 20%, 10%, or 0% (untreated control) were applied to leaf axils of the pruned branches. regeneration of branches was suppressed, and the magnitude of suppression was proportional to the concentration of neem oil. compared to the contro ... | 2004 | 21653456 |
| neem leaf glycoprotein inhibits cd4(+)cd25(+)foxp3(+) tregs to restrict murine tumor growth. | background: the presence of tregs in tumors is associated with compromised tumor-specific immune responses and has a clear negative impact on survival of cancer patients. thus, downregulation of tregs is considered as a promising cancer immunotherapeutic approach. we have reported previously that neem leaf glycoprotein (nlgp) prophylaxis restricts tumor growth in mice by immune activation. in continuation, here, involvement of nlgp in the modulation of tregs in association with tumor growth rest ... | 2011 | 21843083 |
| antioxidant activity of phenolic and flavonoid compounds in some medicinal plants of india. | in this study, total phenolics, flavonoids and vitamin c content vis-a-vis antioxidant activities were assayed in leaves and stem bark of azadirachta indica, butea monosperma, cassia fistula, mangifera indica, syzygium cumini and tamarindus indica using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (dpph) and superoxide radical scavenging method. the dpph radical scavenging activity positively correlated with the total phenolic content in both stem bark and leaf. superoxide radical scavenging activity incre ... | 2011 | 21726132 |
| impact of applying edible oils to silk channels on ear pests of sweet corn. | the impact of applying edible oils to corn silks on ear-feeding insects in sweet corn, zea mays l., production was evaluated in 2006 and 2007. six edible oils used in this experiment were canola, corn, olive, peanut, sesame, and soybean. water and two commercial insecticidal oils (neemix neem oil and nc21 sunspray ultrafine, a horticultural mineral oil) were used as the controls for the experiment. six parameters evaluated in this experiment were corn earworm [helicoverpa zea (boddie) (lepidopte ... | 2011 | 21735916 |
| documentation and quantitative analysis of the local knowledge on medicinal plants among traditional siddha healers in virudhunagar district of tamil nadu, india. | india has a population with high degree of medical pluralism. siddha system of indian traditional medicine is practiced dominantly by the people in tamil nadu. the traditionally trained siddha healers still play an important role in the rural health care. their knowledge is comparatively more vulnerable than the documented traditional knowledge. thus, the present study was aimed to document and quantitatively analyze the local knowledge of the traditional siddha healers in virudhunagar district ... | 2011 | 21718779 |
| impact of curcumin, raspberry extract, and neem leaf extract on rel protein-regulated cell death/radiosensitization in pancreatic cancer cells. | objectives:: nuclear factor +¦b (nf-+¦b) plays an intrinsic role in promoting growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis in pancreatic cancer (pc) and serves as a mechanism underlying therapeutic resistance. accordingly, we investigated the efficacy of bioactive phytochemicals in inhibiting radiotherapy (rt)-induced nf-+¦b activity, signaling, and nf-+¦b-dependent regulation of cell death. methods:: panc-1, bxpc-3, and mia paca-2 cells exposed to 10 gy (single high dose [sdr]) or 2 gy/d for 5 days (fr ... | 2011 | 21697760 |
| pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical evaluation of extracts from different plant parts of indigenous origin for their hypoglycemic responses in rabbits. | this study was designed to evaluate the hypoglycemic effects of different plant extracts in single and in combined formulation, in experimentally induced "diabetic rabbits". the extracts were obtained from seeds of syzygium jambolana, fruits of momordica charantia and leaves of azadirachta indica. treatment of diabetes with plant extracts was started at 8 days after alloxan injection. rabbits were randomly divided into four groups, each group consisting of six rabbits. each group of rabbits was ... | 2011 | 22125958 |
| Azadirachta indica exhibits chemopreventive action against hepatic cancer: Studies on associated histopathological and ultrastructural changes. | The present study was designed to evaluate the anticarcinogenic potential of Azadirachta indica against N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. Further, the associated histopathological and ultrastructural changes were also analyzed. Hepatic cancer model was developed by the intraperitoneal administration of NDEA to mice at weekly intervals, in successive increasing doses, for a period of 8 weeks. Aqueous A. indica leaf extract (AAILE) was administered orally at a dosage of 10 ... | 2011 | 21998015 |
| effect of neem leaf extract and neem oil on penicillium growth, sporulation, morphology and ochratoxin a production. | in vitro trials were conducted to evaluate the effect of azadirachtaindica (neem) extracts on mycelial growth, sporulation, morphology and ochratoxin a production by p. verrucosum and p. brevicompactum. the effect of neem oil extract from seeds and leaf was evaluated at 0.125; 0.25 and 0.5% and 6.25 and 12.5 mg/ml, respectively, in yeast extract sucrose (yes) medium. ochratoxin a production was evaluated by a thin-layer chromatography technique. oil extracts exhibited significant (p = 0.05) redu ... | 2009 | 22069528 |
| aqueous extract of azadirachta indica (neem) leaf induces generation of reactive oxygen species and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in rat oocytes. | present study was aimed to determine whether aqueous neem leaf extract (nle) induces generation of reactive oxygen species (ros) and apoptosis through mitochondria-mediated pathway in rat oocytes. | 2011 | 22089262 |
| Spinosad and neem seed kernel extract as bio-controlling agents for malarial vector, Anopheles stephensi and non-biting midge, Chironomus circumdatus. | Midge egg masses are reported to support non-pathogenic strains of the cholera pathogen, Vibrio cholera (V. cholera). Mosquito born diseases have been reported to cause millions of death worldwide. The present research reveals the toxicity effect of spinosad and neem seed kernel extract (NSKE) against different larval stages of Anopheles stephensi (An. stephensi) and Chironomus circumdatus (Ch. circumdatus). | 2011 | 21914538 |
| in vitro azadirachtin production by hairy root cultivation of azadirachta indica in nutrient mist bioreactor. | azadirachtin, a well-known biopesticide is a secondary metabolite conventionally extracted from the seeds of azadirachta indica. the present study involved in vitro azadirachtin production by developing hairy roots of a. indica via agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation of a. indica explants. liquid culture of hairy roots was established in shake flask to study the kinetics of growth and azadirachtin production. a biomass production of 13.3 g/l dry weight (specific growth rate of 0.7 d ... | 2011 | 22083394 |
| ultrastructural analysis of the oocytes of female rhipicephalus sanguineus (latreille, 1806) (acari: ixodidae) ticks subjected to the action of azadirachta indica a. juss (neem). | the present study provides ultrastructural information about the acaricidal effects of neem (azadirachta indica a. juss) on the ovaries of r. sanguineus engorged females. in general, the main damage caused in the oocytes was alteration in the shape of the cell and of the germinal vesicle, ring-shaped nucleolus, cytoplasmic vacuolation, and disorganization of the organelles and of the cell membranes (including the chorion), all of which indicate that these cells could be in the process of death. ... | 2011 | 21981820 |
| in vitro and in vivo antiparasitic activity of azadirachtin against argulus spp. in carassius auratus (linn. 1758). | argulus is one of the most common and predominant ectoparasites which cause serious parasitic disease and is a potent carrier of viruses and bacteria in the ornamental fish industry. in recent years, organic (herbs)-based medicines are widely used to cure the disease, and neem (sarbaroganibarini) medicine is very popular and effective throughout the world. the present study was conducted to find the effects of azadirachtin against argulus spp. on carassius auratus under in vitro and in vivo cond ... | 2011 | 22042504 |
| ameliorative effects of ethanolic leaf extract of azadirachta indica on renal histologic alterations in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. | we studied the effect of ethanolic leaf extract of azadirachta indica (aie) on the microanatomy of the kidney of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. thirty male wistar rats (161-190 g) were randomly assigned to one of five treatment groups of six animals each: control, diabetic, diabetic + aie, diabetic + metformin, aie only. diabetes was induced with a single intraperitoneal dose of streptozotocin (70 mg/kg body weight). aie and metformin were administered orally for 50 days (50 d) at 500 mg/ ... | 2011 | 21905281 |
| attenuation of nonenzymatic glycation, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by chloroform leaf extract of azadirachta indica. | the hypoglycemic effects of hexane, chloroform and methanol extracts of leaves of azadirachta indica (ai) were evaluated by oral administration in streptozotocin-induced severe diabetic rats (sd). | 2011 | 21969798 |
| anticoccidial activity of herbal complex in broiler chickens challenged with eimeria tenella. | summarythe objective of the present study was to evaluate the anticoccidial effect of different concentrations of the herbal complex of 4 plants (leaves of azadirachta indica and nicotiana tabacum, flowers of calotropis procera and seeds of trachyspermum ammi) in broiler chickens in comparison with amprolium anticoccidial. three concentrations (2 g, 4 g and 6 g) of herbal complex were given to the experimental groups once a day and amprolium (at the dose rate of 125 ppm) was given orally in drin ... | 2011 | 22018334 |
| neem leaf glycoprotein suppresses regulatory t cell mediated suppression of monocyte/macrophage functions. | we have shown that neem leaf glycoprotein (nlgp) inhibits the regulatory t cell (tregs) induced suppression of tumoricidal functions of cd14(+)cd68(+) monocyte/macrophages (mo/mφ) from human peripheral blood. cytotoxic efficacy of mo/mφ toward macrophage sensitive cells, u937, is decreased in presence of tregs (induced), however, it was increased further by supplementation of nlgp in culture. associated treg mediated inhibition of perforin/granzyme b expression and nitric oxide release from mo/m ... | 2011 | 22210373 |
| Ethnobotanical study of antimalarial plants in Shinile District, Somali Region, Ethiopia, and in vivo evaluation of selected ones against Plasmodium berghei. | The study documented medicinal plants that are traditionally used for treatment of malaria in Shinile District, eastern Ethiopia, and evaluated selected medicinal plants for their antiplasmodial activities against Plasmodium berghei. | 2012 | 22101085 |
| biting and bloodsucking lice of dogs-treatment by means of a neem seed extract (mitestop®, wash away dog). | dogs infested with lice belonging either to the group of mallophaga (hairlings, i.e., trichodectes canis) or anoplura (bloodsucking lice, e.g., linognathus setosus) were washed with the neem seed preparations mitestop® or wash away dog. it was found that a single treatment with one of these products killed both motile stages and those developing inside eggs (nits) being glued at the hair. in both cases the product had been left for 20 min onto the hair before it was washed away just with normal ... | 2011 | 21881947 |
| a novel herbal formulation against dengue vector mosquitoes aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus. | the objective of this study was to develop a herbal formulation to control dengue vector mosquitoes. ponneem, a novel herbal formulation prepared using the oils of neem (azadirachta indica), karanj (pongamia glabra) and their extracts, was tested for larvicidal, ovicidal and oviposition deterrent activities against aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus at 1, 0.5, 0.3 and 0.1 ppm concentrations. cent percent larvicidal and ovicidal activities were observed at 0.1 ppm in the two mosquito species unde ... | 2011 | 22042505 |
| ecology and management of the woolly whitefly (hemiptera: aleyrodidae), a new invasive citrus pest in ethiopia. | distribution and importance of woolly whitefly (aleurothrixus floccosus) (maskell) (hemiptera: aleyrodidae), was studied in ethiopia with an evaluation of treatments against it. results showed that the pest is distributed in most citrus-growing parts of the country equally infesting all types of citrus crops. only one pupal parasitoid, amitus sp., was recorded at melkaoba. during 2006-2007, eight treatments gave better control of woolly whitefly compared with the control: endod (phytolacca dodec ... | 2011 | 21882700 |
| computer aided screening and evaluation of herbal therapeutics against mrsa infections. | methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa), a pathogenic bacterium that causes life threatening outbreaks such as community-onset and nosocomial infections has emerged as 'superbug'. the organism developed resistance to all classes of antibiotics including the best known vancomycin (vrsa). hence, there is a need to develop new therapeutic agents. this study mainly evaluates the potential use of botanicals against mrsa infections. computer aided design is an initial platform to screen nov ... | 2011 | 22125390 |
| Effects of combined leaf extract of Vernonia amygdalina and Azadirachta indica on hepatic morphology and hepatotoxicity markers in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. | In this work, we studied liver morphology, markers of hepatic oxidative stress and some liver enzymes in diabetic rats treated with the combined leaf extract (CLE) of Vernonia amygdalina (bitter leaf) and Azadirachta indica (neem). | 2011 | 22152778 |
| Inhibitory action of neem aqueous extract (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) on the vitellogenesis of Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806) (Acari: Ixodidae) ticks. | The present study revealed unheard of data about the action of aqueous extracts of neem leaves (Azadirachta indica) on the vitellogenesis of Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks, proving that these extracts in 10 and 20% concentrations do not have the potential to kill the females; however, in lower concentrations (10%) provokes great morphological alterations in germinative cells such as the emergence of extended cytoplasmic vacuolization areas as well as the fragmentation of the germinal vesicle, ev ... | 2011 | 21936022 |
| Screening of allelopathic trees for their antifungal potential against Alternaria alternata strains isolated from dying-back Eucalyptus spp. | Antifungal activity of methanolic extracts of leaves of three tree species, namely Azadirachta indica L., Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels. and Melia azedarach L. was evaluated against two strains of Alternaria alternata, isolated from dying-back trees of two Eucalyptus spp., namely Eucalyptus citriodora and Eucalyptus globulus. All the concentrations (1,?2,?…?,?5% w/v) of the methanolic extracts of the three tree species significantly reduced the fungal biomass. There were reductions in the ranges 8 ... | 2011 | 22007991 |
| Documentation and determination of consensus about phytotherapeutic veterinary practices among the Tharu tribal community of Uttar Pradesh, India. | PURPOSE: The aim of the present investigation was to document the phytotherapeutic knowledge and veterinary healthcare management practices among the Tharu tribal community of Uttar Pradesh, India and to determine the consensus of such practices, in order to evaluate the potential for new veterinary drugs of herbal origin. METHODS: This study was conducted in 2000-2004 using semistructured, open-ended questionnaires, informal interviews and group discussions with farmers engaged in animal husban ... | 2011 | 21927989 |
| endophytic fungal flora from roots and fruits of an indian neem plant azadirachta indica a. juss., and impact of culture media on their isolation. | azadirachta indica a. juss. (neem), native to india, is well known worldwide for its insecticidal and ethanopharmacological properties. although endophytic microbes are known from this plant as only leaves and stems were the subjects of past reports. now, a variety of procedures and a number of different media were used to isolate the maximum number of endophytic fungi from unripe fruits and roots. a total of 272 isolates of 29 filamentous fungal taxa were isolated at rate of 68.0% from 400 samp ... | 2011 | 23024409 |
| diversity of plant oil seed-associated fungi isolated from seven oil-bearing seeds and their potential for the production of lipolytic enzymes. | commercial oil-yielding seeds (castor, coconut, neem, peanut, pongamia, rubber and sesame) were collected from different places in the state of tamil nadu (india) from which 1279 endophytic fungi were isolated. the oil-bearing seeds exhibited rich fungal diversity. high shannon-index h' was observed with pongamia seeds (2.847) while a low index occurred for coconut kernel-associated mycoflora (1.018). maximum colonization frequency (%) was observed for lasiodiplodia theobromae (176). dominance i ... | 2011 | 22806781 |
| in vitro and in vivo acaricidal activity of a herbal extract. | the anti-tick efficacy of combined aqueous herbal extracts of azadirachta indica leaves, nicotiana tabacum leaves, calotropis procera flowers and trachyspermum ammi seeds was evaluated using adult immersion test, larval packet test and ear bag method. the extract exhibited lethal effects on egg laying (index of egg laying=0.371404±0.00435), hatching (22.35%) and total larval mortality at 50 mg ml(-1) and reduced tick intensity on the infested calves (18 detached out of 35 at 45% (w/w) suspension ... | 2011 | 22305296 |
| acaricidal activity of cymbopogon citratus and azadirachta indica against house dust mites. | to examine the acaricidal effects of the essential oil of cymbopogon citratus leaf extract (lemongrass) and ethanolic azadirachta indica leaf extract (neem) against house dust mites dermatophagoides farinae (d. farinae) and dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (d. pteronyssinus). | 2011 | 23569794 |
| removal of cadmium(ii) from wastewater using activated carbon prepared from agro industrial by-products. | removal of cadmium from wastewater using activated carbons prepared from cocos nucifera (coconut) and azadirachta indica (neem) oilcakes-an agricultural solid by-product was investigated. batch experiments were performed to evaluate the effect of ph, agitation time, initial metal ion concentration and adsorbent dose on the cadmium sorption in coconut oil cake activated carbon (cocac) and neem oil cake activated carbon (nocac). the experiments demonstrated that the adsorption process corresponds ... | 2011 | 23505814 |
| extract of azadirachta indica (neem) leaf induces apoptosis in 4t1 breast cancer balb/c mice. | azadirachta indica (neem) has been used traditionally for many centuries. some impressive therapeutic qualities have been discovered. however, the therapeutic effect of neem leaf extract in 4t1 breast cancer has not been documented. the purpose of the present study is to investigate the therapeutic effect of ethanolic neem leaf extract in an in vivo 4t1 breast cancer model in mice. | 2011 | 23507990 |
| inhibitory effects of essential oils of medicinal plants from growth of plant pathogenic fungi. | plant cells produce a vast amount of secondary metabolites. production of some compounds is restricted to a single species. some compounds are nearly always found only in certain specific plant organs and during a specific developmental period of the plant. some secondary metabolites of plants serve as defensive compounds against invading microorganisms. nowadays, it is attempted to substitute the biological and natural agents with chemically synthesized fungicides. in the present research, the ... | 2011 | 22702190 |
| phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of some medicinal plants against multi-drug resistant bacteria from clinical isolates. | the in vitro antibacterial activity of various solvents and water extracts of aloe vera, neem, bryophyllum, lemongrass, tulsi, oregano, rosemary and thyme was assessed on 10 multi-drug resistant clinical isolates from both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and two standard strains including staphylococcus aureus atcc 25923 and escherichia coli atcc 25922. the zone of inhibition as determined by agar well diffusion method varied with the plant extract, the solvent used for extraction, and ... | 2012 | 23716873 |
| comparative evaluation of the antimicrobial efficacy of four chewing sticks commonly used in south india: an in vitro study. | the use of chewing sticks has been well documented since ancient times in india. chewing sticks are a good alternative to the toothbrush for maintaining oral hygiene. the present study was designed and conducted to compare and evaluate the antimicrobial effects of the aqueous extracts of neem, miswak, mango, and banyan chewing sticks against two bacterial species considered the most important in the initiation and progression of dental caries, namely streptococcus mutans and lactobacillus acidop ... | 2012 | 23649081 |
| effect of neem leaf extract (azadirachta indica) on c-myc oncogene expression in 4t1 breast cancer cells of balb/c mice. | breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related deaths in women both worldwide and in malaysia. azadirachta indica (a. juss), commonly known as neem, is one of the most versatile medicinal plants that has gained worldwide prominence due to its medicinal properties. however, the anticancer effect of ethanolic neem leaf extract against breast cancer has not been documented. the purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of neem leaf extract on c-myc oncogene expression in 4 ... | 2012 | 23626938 |
| the efficacy of neem extract on four microorganisms responsible for causing dental caries viz streptococcus mutans, streptococcus salivarius, streptococcus mitis and streptococcus sanguis: an in vitro study. | history and objectives: from the ancient time, neem used to be the traditional medicine for many diseases and was mainly used for cleaning the oral cavity. the incidence of dental caries was less a few decades ago but now the incidence of caries is very aggressive. this might be due to change in dietary habits, life style and more tendency toward processed food. the objective of this study is to find out the truth that if the neem is really efficacious against caries-inducing microorganisms, mai ... | 2012 | 23404001 |
| biological activities and medicinal properties of gokhru (pedalium murex l.). | bada gokhru (pedalium murex l.) is perhaps the most useful traditional medicinal plant in india. each part of the neem tree has some medicinal property and is thus commercially exploitable. during the last five decades, apart from the chemistry of the pedalium murex compounds, considerable progress has been achieved regarding the biological activity and medicinal applications of this plant. it is now considered as a valuable source of unique natural products for development of medicines against ... | 2012 | 23569975 |
| toxicity profile of ethanolic extract of azadirachta indica stem bark in male wistar rats. | to investigate the toxic implications of ethanolic stem bark extract of azadirachta indica (a. indica) at 50, 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg body weight in wistar rats. | 2012 | 23569852 |
| urushiol-induced contact dermatitis caused during shodhana (purificatory measures) of bhallataka (semecarpus anacardium linn.) fruit. | bhallataka (semecarpus anacardium linn.; ancardiaceae) is mentioned under upavisha group in ayurvedic classics and it is described as a poisonous medicinal plant in drugs and cosmetics act (india), 1940. fruit of bhallataka is used either as a single drug or as an ingredient in many compound formulations of indian systems of medicine to cure many diseases. tarry oil present in the pericarp of the fruit causes blisters on contact. the major constituent of the tarry oil is anacardic acid and bhila ... | 2012 | 23559802 |
| properties and potential of natural pesticides from the neem tree, azadirachta indica. | | 2008 | 2405771 |
| neem leaf poisoning. | | 2013 | 3837008 |
| antimicrobial activity of a neem cake extract in a broth model meat system. | this work reports on the antimicrobial activity of an ethyl acetate extract of neem (azadirachta indica) cake (nce) against bacteria affecting the quality of retail fresh meat in a broth model meat system. nce (100 µg) was also tested by the agar disc diffusion method. it inhibited the growth of all tested microorganisms. the nce growth inhibition zone (iz) ranged 11.33-22.67 mm while the ciprofloxacin (10 µg) iz ranged from 23.41-32.67 mm. there was no significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) between ... | 2013 | 23917814 |
| effect of neem (azadirachta indica) on the survival of escherichia coli o157:h7 in dairy manure. | escherichia coli o157:h7 (eco157) shed in cattle manure can survive for extended periods of time and intervention strategies to control this pathogen at the source are critical as produce crops are often grown in proximity to animal raising operations. this study evaluated whether neem (azadirachta indica), known for its antimicrobial and insecticidal properties, can be used to amend manure to control eco157. the influence of neem materials (leaf, bark, and oil) on the survival of an apple juice ... | 2015 | 26184255 |
| an integrated approach for the reduction of aflatoxin contamination in chilli (capsicum annuum l.). | an integrated approach for management of aflatoxin contamination in chilli was undertaken by evaluating the fungicides, bioagents and plant extracts against aspergillus flavus under both in vitro and field condition. maximum inhibition of radial growth (91.1%) was observed with 0.3% mancozeb followed by captan (85.2%). carbendazim (73%) was effective and superior over other systemic fungicides. a complete inhibition (100%) of a. flavus was observed in neem seed kernel extract (nske), nimbicidin ... | 2011 | 24425902 |
| biofabrication of anisotropic gold nanotriangles using extract of endophytic aspergillus clavatus as a dual functional reductant and stabilizer. | biosynthesis of metal and semiconductor nanoparticles using microorganisms has emerged as a more eco-friendly, simpler and reproducible alternative to the chemical synthesis, allowing the generation of rare forms such as nanotriangles and prisms. here, we report the endophytic fungus aspergillus clavatus, isolated from surface sterilized stem tissues of azadirachta indica a. juss., when incubated with an aqueous solution of chloroaurate ions produces a diverse mixture of intracellular gold nanop ... | 2010 | 27502640 |
| sequence determination of a novel tripeptide isolated from the young leaves of azadirachta indica a. juss. | the neem tree has long been recognized for its unique properties, both against insects and in improving human health. every part of the tree has been used as a traditional medicine for household remedy against various human ailments, from antiquity. although the occurrence of various phytochemicals in neem has been studied, we have identified the presence of a novel tripeptide in the young leaves of neem using a simple and inexpensive paper chromatographic method, detected by cu(ii)-ninhydrin re ... | 2013 | 23509470 |
| in vitro antibacterial efficacy of 21 indian timber-yielding plants against multidrug-resistant bacteria causing urinary tract infection. | to screen methanolic leaf extracts of 21 timber-yielding plants for antibacterial activity against nine species of uropathogenic bacteria isolated from clinical samples of a hospital (enterococcus faecalis, staphylococcus aureus, acinetobacter baumannii, citrobacter freundii, enterobacter aerogenes, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus mirabilis, and pseudomonas aeruginosa). | 2013 | 24524024 |
| neem (azadirachta indica): prehistory to contemporary medicinal uses to humankind. | the divine tree neem (azadirachta indica) is mainly cultivated in the indian subcontinent. neem has been used extensively by humankind to treat various ailments before the availability of written records which recorded the beginning of history. the world health organization estimates that 80% of the population living in the developing countries relies exclusively on traditional medicine for their primary health care. more than half of the world's population still relies entirely on plants for me ... | 2013 | 23835719 |
| computational analysis reveal inhibitory action of nimbin against dengue viral envelope protein. | dengue has emerged to be global health problem worldwide. hence there is an immediate need to adopt new strategies in the development of effective anti-dengue drugs. extracts from the leaves of azadirachta indica has been traditionally used in folk medicine for viral infections. in the present study we report the anti-viral potency of nimbin, the active compound from the neem leaf extract against the envelope protein of dengue virus. progression of viral entry into the host cell is facilitated b ... | 2015 | 26645034 |
| anti-mosquito plants as an alternative or incremental method for malaria vector control among rural communities of bagamoyo district, tanzania. | plants represent one of the most accessible resources available for mosquito control by communities in tanzania. however, no documented statistics exist for their contribution in the management of mosquitoes and other insects except through verbal and some publications. this study aimed at assessing communities' knowledge, attitudes and practices of using plants as an alternative method for mosquito control among selected communities in a malaria-prone area in tanzania. | 2014 | 25015092 |
| neemazal ® as a possible alternative control tool for malaria and african trypanosomiasis? | research efforts to identify possible alternative control tools for malaria and african trypanosomiasis are needed. one promising approach relies on the use of traditional plant remedies with insecticidal activities. | 2016 | 27146309 |
| impact of repeated neemazal-treated blood meals on the fitness of anopheles stephensi mosquitoes. | herbal remedies are widely used in many malaria endemic countries to treat patients, in particular in the absence of anti-malarial drugs and in some settings to prevent the disease. herbal medicines may be specifically designed for prophylaxis and/or for blocking malaria transmission to benefit both, the individual consumer and the community at large. neem represents a good candidate for this purpose due to its inhibitory effects on the parasite stages that cause the clinical manifestations of m ... | 2015 | 25884799 |
| transmission blocking activity of azadirachta indica and guiera senegalensis extracts on the sporogonic development of plasmodium falciparum field isolates in anopheles coluzzii mosquitoes. | targeting the stages of the malaria parasites responsible for transmission from the human host to the mosquito vector is a key pharmacological strategy for malaria control. research efforts to identify compounds that are active against these stages have significantly increased in recent years. however, at present, only two drugs are available, namely primaquine and artesunate, which reportedly act on late stage gametocytes. | 2014 | 24735564 |
| neem oil and crop protection: from now to the future. | a major challenge of agriculture is to increase food production to meet the needs of the growing world population, without damaging the environment. in current agricultural practices, the control of pests is often accomplished by means of the excessive use of agrochemicals, which can result in environmental pollution and the development of resistant pests. in this context, biopesticides can offer a better alternative to synthetic pesticides, enabling safer control of pest populations. however, l ... | 2016 | 27790224 |
| present and future potential of plant-derived products to control arthropods of veterinary and medical significance. | the use of synthetic pesticides and repellents to target pests of veterinary and medical significance is becoming increasingly problematic. one alternative approach employs the bioactive attributes of plant-derived products (pdps). these are particularly attractive on the grounds of low mammalian toxicity, short environmental persistence and complex chemistries that should limit development of pest resistance against them.several pesticides and repellents based on pdps are already available, and ... | 2014 | 24428899 |
| repellent efficacy of deet, mygga, neem (azedirachta indica) oil and chinaberry (melia azedarach) oil against anopheles arabiensis, the principal malaria vector in ethiopia. | in ethiopia, anopheles arabiensis is the main vector responsible for the transmission of malaria in the country and its control mainly involves application of indoor residual spraying (irs) and use of insecticide-treated bed nets (itns). | 2015 | 25935845 |
| neem oil increases the efficiency of the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae for the control of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) larvae. | entomopathogenic fungi are potential candidates for use in integrated vector management and many isolates are compatible with synthetic and natural insecticides. neem oil was tested separately and in combination with the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae against larvae of the dengue vector aedes aegypti. our aim was to increase the effectiveness of the fungus for the control of larval mosquito populations. | 2015 | 26715150 |
| apoptosis mediated leishmanicidal activity of azadirachta indica bioactive fractions is accompanied by th1 immunostimulatory potential and therapeutic cure in vivo. | exploration of immunomodulatory antileishmanials of plant origin is now being strongly recommended to overcome the immune suppression evident during visceral leishmaniasis (vl) and high cost and toxicity associated with conventional chemotherapeutics. in accordance, we assessed the in vitro and in vivo antileishmanial and immunomodulatory potential of ethanolic fractions of azadirachta indica leaves (ale) and seeds (ase). | 2015 | 25884649 |
| community based vector control in malindi, kenya. | community involvement has become an important component of the national malaria control strategy in kenya, resulting in the organization of groups charged with addressing mosquito and malaria-related concerns within the community. | 0 | 17604514 |
| cumulative mortality of aedes aegypti larvae treated with compounds. | objective to evaluate the larvicidal activity of azadirachta indica, melaleuca alternifolia, carapa guianensis essential oils and fermented extract of carica papaya against aedes aegypti (linnaeus, 1762) (diptera: culicidae). methods the larvicide test was performed in triplicate with 300 larvae for each experimental group using the third larval stage, which were exposed for 24h. the groups were: positive control with industrial larvicide (bti) in concentrations of 0.37 ppm (pc1) and 0.06 ppm (p ... | 0 | 25119939 |
| aqueous neem extract versus neem powder on culex quinquefasciatus: implications for control in anthropogenic habitats. | control programs using conventional insecticides to target anthropogenic mosquito habitats are very expensive because these habitats are widespread, particularly in cities of most african countries. additionally, there are serious environmental concerns regarding large-scale application of most conventional insecticides. clearly there is a need for alternative methods that are more effective, less expensive, and environmentally friendly. one such method would be the application of preparations m ... | 0 | 22233153 |
| efficacy of neem chippings for mosquito larval control under field conditions. | an in depth understanding of mosquito breeding biology and factors regulating population sizes is fundamental for vector population control. this paper presents results from a survey of mosquito breeding habitats and the efficacy of neem chippings as a potential larvicide that can be integrated in mosquito control on nyabondo plateau in western kenya. | 2015 | 25888120 |
| bioactivity of six plant extracts on adults of demotispa neivai (coleoptera: chrysomelidae). | demotispa neivai bondar (coleoptera: chrysomelidae) damage oil palm fruits, which makes it necessary to develop products to control this insect. the mortality, repellency, and antifeeding effects on adults of d. neivai of six plant extracts of azadirachta indica a. juss. (sapindales: meliaceae), ricinus communis (l.) (malpighiaes: euphorbiaceae), citrus sinensis oesbek (sapindales: rutaceae), nicotiana tabacum (l.) (slanales: solanaceae), capsicum annuum (l.) (solanales: solanaceae), and artemis ... | 2015 | 25843587 |
| determinants of visceral leishmaniasis: a case-control study in gedaref state, sudan. | improving knowledge on local determinants of visceral leishmaniasis (vl) is crucial to guide the development of relevant control strategies. this study aimed to identify individual and household level determinants of primary vl in 24 highly endemic villages of tabarak allah hospital's catchment area, gedaref state, sudan. | 2015 | 26544177 |
| a comparative study on the effect of plant extracts with the antibiotics on organisms of hospital origin. | thirty five plants belonging to twenty families were studied for their antimicrobial activity. among the plants tested, 43 % showed antimicrobial activity. fifteen plants belonging to 10 families exhibited activity against gram positive bacteria and gram negative bacteria. four plants namely azadirachta indica, garadenia jasminoides, magnifera indica, and wrightia tinctora showed an appreciable activity against the gram positive bacteria and seven plants against gram negative organisms. leaf ext ... | 2006 | 22557227 |