| retraction. triple reassortant swine influenza a (h3n2) virus in waterfowl. | | 2013 | 23260489 |
| evolution of the receptor binding properties of the influenza a(h3n2) hemagglutinin. | the hemagglutinin (ha) of influenza a(h3n2) virus responsible for the 1968 influenza pandemic derived from an avian virus. on introduction into humans, its receptor binding properties had changed from a preference for avian receptors (α2,3-linked sialic acid) to a preference for human receptors (α2,6-linked sialic acid). by 2001, the avidity of human h3 viruses for avian receptors had declined, and since then the affinity for human receptors has also decreased significantly. these changes in rec ... | 2012 | 23236176 |
| a "pre-seasonal" hospital outbreak of influenza pneumonia caused by the drift variant a/victoria/361/2011-like h3n2 viruses, hong kong, 2011. | beginning from late 2011 and early 2012, increasing circulation of antigenically drifted influenza a/victoria/361/2011-like h3n2 viruses within genotype 3 of the a/victoria/208/2009 clade have been reported in multiple european countries and elsewhere. whether these emerging viruses are associated with increased disease severity is unclear. | 2013 | 23201458 |
| neutrophils infected with highly virulent influenza h3n2 virus exhibit augmented early cell death and rapid induction of type i interferon signaling pathways. | we developed a model of influenza virus infection of neutrophils by inducing differentiation of the mpro promyelocytic cell line. after 5 days of differentiation, about 20-30% of mature neutrophils could be detected. only a fraction of neutrophils were infected by highly virulent influenza (hvi) virus, but were unable to support active viral replication compared with mdck cells. hvi infection of neutrophils augmented early and late apoptosis as indicated by annexin v and tunel assays. comparison ... | 2013 | 23195410 |
| genetic drift influenza a(h3n2) virus hemagglutinin (ha) variants originated during the last pandemic turn out to be predominant in the 2011-2012 season in northern italy. | influenza a(h3n2) virus is once again the predominant strain after the 2009 pandemic. its molecular epidemiology and phylogeny were investigated during the 2011-2012 season in northern italy. the epidemiological and virological influenza surveillance was carried out within the framework of the italian influenza surveillance network. the hemagglutinin (ha) gene of the a(h3n2) viruses detected was analyzed by means of a time-scaled phylogenetic approach. in northern italy, the 2011-2012 epidemic w ... | 2013 | 23174527 |
| resolution of immune response by recombinant transforming growth factor-beta (rtgf-β) during influenza a virus infection. | replication of influenza a virus in the respiratory tract leads to cell damage and liberation of cytokines and chemokines. the in vivo cytokine induction and modulation by recombinant transforming growth factor- β1 (rtgf-β1) has not been studied. therefore, in the present study the effect of rtgf-β1, a potent immunomodulatory cytokine which has anti-inflammatory properties and downregulates the release of inflammatory molecules, against influenza-virus infection in the airway of mice was investi ... | 2012 | 23168705 |
| differential interactions of virulent and non-virulent h. parasuis strains with naïve or swine influenza virus pre-infected dendritic cells. | pigs possess a microbiota in the upper respiratory tract that includes haemophilus parasuis. pigs are also considered the reservoir of influenza viruses and infection with this virus commonly results in increased impact of bacterial infections, including those by h. parasuis. however, the mechanisms involved in host innate responses towards h. parasuis and their implications in a co-infection with influenza virus are unknown. therefore, the ability of a non-virulent h. parasuis serovar 3 (sw114) ... | 2012 | 23157617 |
| enantiomers of an indole alkaloid containing unusual dihydrothiopyran and 1,2,4-thiadiazole rings from the root of isatis indigotica. | a pair of enantiomers (1a and 1b) of an indole alkaloid containing dihydrothiopyran and 1,2,4-thiadiazole rings was isolated from an aqueous extract of the root of isatis indigotica. the structures and absolute configurations of the enantiomers were determined by extensive spectroscopic analysis, especially 2d nmr, modified mosher's method, and electronic cd (ecd). the proposed biosynthetic pathway and preliminary investigations of the biological activity of compounds 1a and 1b against influenza ... | 2012 | 23131196 |
| mutations to a/puerto rico/8/34 pb1 gene improves seasonal reassortant influenza a virus growth kinetics. | it is desirable for influenza vaccine virus strains to have phenotypes that include good growth and hemagglutinin (ha) protein yield. the quality of these characteristics varies among the vaccine viruses and is usually due to multigenic effects. many influenza a virus vaccine viruses are made as reassortants of the high yield virus a/puerto rico/8/34 (pr/8) and a circulating seasonal virus. co-infection of eggs with the two viruses, and selection of reassortants with the ha and neuraminidase (na ... | 2012 | 23116694 |
| seasonal trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine does not protect against newly emerging variants of influenza a (h3n2v) virus in ferrets. | the recent increase in human cases of influenza a h3n2 variant virus [a(h3n2)v] highlights the need to assess whether seasonal influenza vaccination provides cross-protection against a(h3n2)v virus. our data demonstrate that the 2011-2012 trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (tiv) protected ferrets against homologous h3n2 virus challenge but provided minimal to no protection against a(h3n2)v virus. the complete absence of specific hemagglutination inhibition antibody response to a(h3n2)v is c ... | 2013 | 23115290 |
| characterization of an h3n2 canine influenza virus isolated from tibetan mastiffs in china. | ten 3-month-old tibetan mastiffs became ill 2 days after they were bought from a tibetan mastiff exhibition, and 4 of them died 2 weeks later. a canine influenza virus (zj0110) was isolated from the lung of a deceased tibetan mastiff and was characterized in detail. sequence analysis indicated that the 8 genes of the canine isolate were most similar to those of avian-origin canine influenza viruses (h3n2) isolated in south korea in 2007, with which they shared >98% sequence identity. zj0110 coul ... | 2013 | 23107656 |
| high-performance method for specific effect on nucleic acids in cells using tio2~dna nanocomposites. | nanoparticles are used to solve the current drug delivery problem. we present a high-performance method for efficient and selective action on nucleic acid target in cells using unique tio(2)·pl-dna nanocomposites (polylysine-containing dna fragments noncovalently immobilized onto tio(2) nanoparticles capable of transferring dna). these nanocomposites were used for inhibition of human influenza a (h3n2) virus replication in infected mdck cells. they showed a low toxicity (tc(50) ≈ 1800 μg/ml) and ... | 2012 | 23091696 |
| neutralizing dna aptamers against swine influenza h3n2 viruses. | triple reassortant influenza a viruses (iavs) of swine, particularly the north american h3n2 subtype, circulate in swine herds and may reassort and result in the emergence of novel zoonotic strains. current diagnostic tools rely on isolation of the viruses, followed by serotyping by hemagglutination or genome sequencing, both of which can be expensive and time-consuming. thus, novel subtype-specific ligands and methods are needed for rapid testing and subtyping of iavs in the field. to address t ... | 2013 | 23077124 |
| distribution of surface glycoproteins on influenza a virus determined by electron cryotomography. | we use electron cryotomography to reconstruct virions of two influenza a h3n2 virus strains. the maps reveal the structure of the viral envelope containing hemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na) glycoproteins and the virus interior containing a matrix layer and an assembly of ribonucleoprotein particles (rnps) that package the genome. we build a structural model for the viral surface by locating copies of the x-ray structure of the ha ectodomain into density peaks on the virus surface. we cal ... | 2012 | 23063838 |
| interaction network linking the human h3n2 influenza a virus genomic rna segments. | the genome of influenza a viruses is comprised of eight negative-sense viral rnas (vrnas) that form viral ribonucleoproteins (vrnps). in order to be infectious, an influenza a viral particle must encapsidate at least one copy of each of the vrnas. thus, even though genome segmentation is evolutionary advantageous, it undeniably complicates viral assembly, which is believed to occur through a selective mechanism that still remains to be understood. using electron tomography 3d-reconstructions, we ... | 2012 | 23063835 |
| identification and characterization of avian-origin h3n2 canine influenza viruses in northern china during 2009-2010. | twelve avian-origin h3n2 influenza strains were isolated from dogs with signs of respiratory disease in northern china during 2009-2010. phylogenetic analysis showed that eight gene segments of all the isolates had a close relationship with those of avian-origin h3n2 canine influenza viruses (civs) from south korea and southern china. genetic analysis indicated that these isolates had a perqtr/g ha cleavage motif, which differed from the pekqtr/g motif of canine viruses before 2007. noteworthy, ... | 2013 | 23063406 |
| complete genome sequence of an h3n2 avian influenza virus isolated from a live poultry market in eastern china. | previous studies indicate that the h3 influenza virus has the ability to establish infection upon interspecies transmission and poses a threat to mammals. therefore, it is important to enhance the surveillance of h3 avian influenza viruses (aivs). in this study, a/duck/shanghai/c84/2009(h3n2) (c84) was isolated from a live poultry market in shanghai, china. using pcr and sequencing analyses, we obtained the whole-genome sequence of this virus. the h3n2 virus proved to be a novel multiple-gene re ... | 2012 | 23043175 |
| influenza virus neuraminidases with reduced enzymatic activity that avidly bind sialic acid receptors. | influenza virus neuraminidase (na) cleaves off sialic acid from cellular receptors of hemagglutinin (ha) to enable progeny escape from infected cells. however, na variants (d151g) of recent human h3n2 viruses have also been reported to bind receptors on red blood cells, but the nature of these receptors and the effect of the mutation on na activity were not established. here, we compare the functional and structural properties of a human h3n2 na from a/tanzania/205/2010 and its d151g mutant, whi ... | 2012 | 23015718 |
| glutathione peroxidase-1 reduces influenza a virus-induced lung inflammation. | oxidative stress caused by excessive reactive oxygen species production is implicated in influenza a virus-induced lung disease. glutathione peroxidase (gpx)-1 is an antioxidant enzyme that may protect lungs from such damage. the objective of this study was to determine if gpx-1 protects the lung against influenza a virus-induced lung inflammation in vivo. male wild-type (wt) or gpx-1(-/-) mice were inoculated with hkx31 (h3n2, 1 × 10(4) plaque-forming units), and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (b ... | 2013 | 23002098 |
| complete genome sequence of an h3n2 canine influenza virus from dogs in jiangsu, china. | a canine influenza virus (civ) strain of avian origin designated a/canine/jiangsu/06/2010 (h3n2) was isolated from dogs exhibiting severe respiratory disease in jiangsu, china. we announce the complete genome sequence of this viral strain and report major findings from the genomic analysis. this sequence will help us understand the molecular characteristics and evolutionary of h3n2 civ in china. | 2012 | 22997421 |
| dietary abscisic acid ameliorates influenza-virus-associated disease and pulmonary immunopathology through a pparγ-dependent mechanism. | the anti-inflammatory phytohormone abscisic acid (aba) modulates immune and inflammatory responses in mouse models of colitis and obesity. aba has been identified as a ligand of lanthionine synthetase c-like 2, a novel therapeutic target upstream of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (pparγ) pathway. the goal of this study was to investigate the immune modulatory mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory efficacy of aba against influenza-associated pulmonary inflammation. wild-ty ... | 2013 | 22995385 |
| [characterization of a nonspecific inhibitor found in human sera raised against the 2006/07 influenza vaccine strain a/hiroshima/52/2005 (h3n2) virus]. | the serology of influenza viruses typically uses hemagglutination inhibition (hi) or the neutralization test (nt). however, the sera of many humans and animals contain nonspecific inhibitors of hemagglutinin that must be inactivated or removed from the serum before use in the hi assay. any nonspecific inhibitor in human serum is typically inactivated by pre-treatment with receptor-destroying enzyme (rde). however, during the 2006/07 influenza circulating season, we observed that influenza vaccin ... | 2012 | 22991846 |
| comparison of the cross-reactive anti-influenza neutralizing activity of polymeric and monomeric iga monoclonal antibodies. | here we examined whether polymeric iga (piga) and monomeric iga (miga) antibodies differ in their ability to neutralize drift viruses within the same subtype. we used an iga monoclonal antibody (mab; h1-21) against influenza virus strain a/hiroshima/52/2005 (a/hiroshima; h3n2). the mab was obtained after immunizing mice mucosally with a split-virion (sv) vaccine. the mab contained both miga and piga forms. it reacted with the homologous virus and cross-reacted with drift viruses a/new york/55/20 ... | 2012 | 22985289 |
| [molecular evolution of human influenza h3n2 virus hemagglutinin genes in guangdong china]. | the molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of hemagglutinin (ha) genes of human influenza h3n2 viruses in guangdong, china from 2007 to 2010 were studied in this study. by space-time sampling of strains, the ha genes of h3n2 strains from guangdong were sequenced and searched from internet, and then the variation and evolution of ha genes were conducted by lasergene 7.1 and mega 5.05 and evolutionary rates were analyzed by epidemiological data. the phylogenetic tree was established ... | 2012 | 22978155 |
| evidence of h3n2 canine influenza virus infection before 2007. | | 2012 | 22952134 |
| h3n2 flu virus infections increase during fair season. | | 2012 | 22948682 |
| complete genome sequence of an avian-origin h3n2 canine influenza a virus isolated in farmed dogs in southern china. | we report here the complete genomic sequence of an avian-origin h3n2 canine influenza a virus containing multiple mutations in farmed dogs in southern china. phylogenetic analyses of the sequences of all eight viral rna segments demonstrated that these are wholly avian influenza viruses of the asia lineage. to our knowledge, this is the first report of interspecies transmission of an avian h3n2 influenza virus to domestic farm dogs under natural conditions in southern china. the amino acid infor ... | 2012 | 22923798 |
| molecular genetic analysis of influenza a/h3n2 virus strains isolated in western siberia in the 2010-2011 epidemic season. | molecular genetic and antigenic features of influenza a/h3n2 virus strains isolated in western siberia in 2011 are similar to those of the vaccine strain a/perth/16/2009 despite a number of unique amino-acid changes. the strains lack specific amino-acid changes in na protein providing decrease of sensibility to na inhibitors activity that used in medical practice. based on phylogenic analysis of ha protein amino-acid sequences examined strains are similar to influenza a/h3n2 virus strains circul ... | 2012 | 22922296 |
| influenza a h3n2 subtype virus ns1 protein targets into the nucleus and binds primarily via its c-terminal nls2/nols to nucleolin and fibrillarin. | influenza a virus non-structural protein 1 (ns1) is a virulence factor, which is targeted into the cell cytoplasm, nucleus and nucleolus. ns1 is a multi-functional protein that inhibits host cell pre-mrna processing and counteracts host cell antiviral responses. previously, we have shown that the ns1 protein of the h3n2 subtype influenza viruses possesses a c-terminal nuclear localization signal (nls) that also functions as a nucleolar localization signal (nols) and targets the protein into the ... | 2012 | 22909121 |
| [effect of a combination of glutamyl-tryptophan and glycyrrhizic acid on the course of acute infection caused by influenza (h3h2) virus in mice]. | the purpose of the study was to evaluate the modulating effect of glutamyl-tryptophan (ew), glycyrrhizic acid (ga), and their combination on the course of experimental infection caused by influenza a (h3n2) virus in mice. the animals were infected with influenza a/aichi/2/68 (h3n2) virus in a dose of 1 or 10 ld50. ga (10 mg/kg body weight) and ew (0.1, 10, and 1000 microg/kg) alone or in combination were intraperitoneally injected for 5 days, starting on day 1 of virus infection. rimantadine 50 ... | 2016 | 22905423 |
| genome sequence of a novel reassortant h3n2 avian influenza virus in southern china. | the distribution and prevalence of h3 subtype influenza viruses in avian and mammalian hosts constitutes a potential threat to both human and avian health. we report a complete genome sequence of a novel reassortant h3n2 avian influenza virus. phylogenetic analysis showed that ha and na showed the highest sequence homologies with those of a/white-backed munia/hong kong/4519/2009 (h3n2). however, the internal genes had the highest sequence homologies with those of h6 and h7 subtypes. the data pro ... | 2012 | 22879622 |
| complete genome sequence of an avian-origin h3n2 canine influenza virus isolated from dogs in south korea. | an avian-origin korean h3n2 canine influenza virus (civ) strain, designated a/canine/korea/01/2007 (h3n2), was isolated from nasal swabs of pet dogs exhibiting severe respiratory syndrome in 2007. in the present study, we report the first complete genome sequence containing 3' and 5' noncoding regions (ncrs) of h3n2 civ, which will provide important insights into the molecular basis of pathogenesis, transmission, and evolution of civ. | 2012 | 22879618 |
| complete genome sequence of a novel avian-like h3n2 swine influenza virus discovered in southern china. | we report here the complete genomic sequence of a novel avian-like h3n2 swine influenza virus containing an h5n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus segment that was obtained from swine in southern china. phylogenetic analysis indicated that this virus might originate from domestic aquatic birds. the sequence information provided herein suggests that continuing study is required to determine if this virus can be established in the swine population and pose potential threats to public health. | 2012 | 22879607 |
| cross-reactive and vaccine-induced antibody to an emerging swine-origin variant of influenza a virus subtype h3n2 (h3n2v). | cases of infection due to a novel swine-origin variant of influenza a virus subtype h3n2 (h3n2v) have recently been identified in the united states, primarily among children. we estimate levels of cross-reactive antibody to h3n2v by age and assess whether seasonal trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (tiv), with or without adjuvant, may increase seroprotection. | 2012 | 22872731 |
| clonal interference in the evolution of influenza. | the seasonal influenza a virus undergoes rapid evolution to escape human immune response. adaptive changes occur primarily in antigenic epitopes, the antibody-binding domains of the viral hemagglutinin. this process involves recurrent selective sweeps, in which clusters of simultaneous nucleotide fixations in the hemagglutinin coding sequence are observed about every 4 years. here, we show that influenza a (h3n2) evolves by strong clonal interference. this mode of evolution is a red queen race b ... | 2012 | 22851649 |
| immunodominance of antigenic site b over site a of hemagglutinin of recent h3n2 influenza viruses. | h3n2 influenza viruses have now circulated in the human population for 43 years since the pandemic of 1968, accumulating sequence changes in the hemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na) that are believed to be predominantly due to selection for escape from antibodies. examination of mutations that persist and accumulate led to identification of antigenically significant mutations that are contained in five antigenic sites (a-e) mapped on to the h3 ha. in early h3n2 isolates, antigenic site a ap ... | 2012 | 22848649 |
| molecular and microscopic analysis of bacteria and viruses in exhaled breath collected using a simple impaction and condensing method. | exhaled breath condensate (ebc) is increasingly being used as a non-invasive method for disease diagnosis and environmental exposure assessment. by using hydrophobic surface, ice, and droplet scavenging, a simple impaction and condensing based collection method is reported here. human subjects were recruited to exhale toward the device for 1, 2, 3, and 4 min. the exhaled breath quickly formed into tiny droplets on the hydrophobic surface, which were subsequently scavenged into a 10 µl rolling de ... | 2012 | 22848436 |
| evidence for antigenic seniority in influenza a (h3n2) antibody responses in southern china. | a key observation about the human immune response to repeated exposure to influenza a is that the first strain infecting an individual apparently produces the strongest adaptive immune response. although antibody titers measure that response, the interpretation of titers to multiple strains--from the same sera--in terms of infection history is clouded by age effects, cross reactivity and immune waning. from july to september 2009, we collected serum samples from 151 residents of guangdong provin ... | 2012 | 22829765 |
| phylogenetic, molecular and drug-sensitivity analysis of ha and na genes of human h3n2 influenza a viruses in guangdong, china, 2007-2011. | annual h3n2 subtype influenza outbreaks in guangdong, china are a severe public health issue and require ongoing monitoring of emerging viral variants. the variation and evolution of haemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na) genes of influenza isolates from guangdong during 2007-2011 and others from genbank were analysed using lasergene 7.1 and mega 5.05, and serological analysis of antigens was determined by haemagglutination inhibition (hi). susceptibility to antiviral drugs was correlated wi ... | 2013 | 22827898 |
| strain-dependent effects of pb1-f2 of triple-reassortant h3n2 influenza viruses in swine. | the pb1-f2 protein of the influenza a viruses (iavs) can act as a virulence factor in mice. its contribution to the virulence of iav in swine, however, remains largely unexplored. in this study, we chose two genetically related h3n2 triple-reassortant iavs to assess the impact of pb1-f2 in virus replication and virulence in pigs. using reverse genetics, we disrupted the pb1-f2 orf of a/swine/wisconsin/14094/99 (h3n2) (sw/99) and a/turkey/ohio/313053/04 (h3n2) (ty/04). removing the pb1-f2 orf led ... | 2012 | 22815274 |
| live attenuated influenza vaccine provides superior protection from heterologous infection in pigs with maternal antibodies without inducing vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory disease. | control of swine influenza a virus (iav) in the united states is hindered because inactivated vaccines do not provide robust cross-protection against the multiple antigenic variants cocirculating in the field. vaccine efficacy can be limited further for vaccines administered to young pigs that possess maternally derived immunity. we previously demonstrated that a recombinant a/sw/texas/4199-2/1998 (tx98) (h3n2) virus expressing a truncated ns1 protein is attenuated in swine and has potential for ... | 2012 | 22811541 |
| tenacity of low-pathogenic avian influenza viruses in different types of poultry litter. | to determine the risk of infection associated with exposure to low-pathogenic avian influenza (ai) virus-contaminated poultry litter, the tenacity of low pathogenic a/ck/ca/431/00(h6n2), a/mallard/mn/355779/00(h5n2), and a/turkey/ohio/313053/04(h3n2) was evaluated. viral stocks were incubated with poultry litter from commercial flocks at 25°c. three types of poultry litter, wood shavings, shavings plus gypsum, and shavings plus peanut hulls, from commercial broiler flocks were used. the 3 low-pa ... | 2012 | 22802163 |
| synthesis of c-4-modified zanamivir analogs as neuraminidase inhibitors and their anti-aiv activities. | with the introduction of bioisosteres of the guanidinium group together with scaffold hopping, 35 zanamivir analogs with c-4-modification were synthesized, and their inhibitory activities against both group-1 and group-2 neuraminidase (h5n1 and h3n2) were determined. compound d26 exerts the most potency, with ic(50) values of 0.58 and 2.72 μm against n2 and n1, respectively. further preliminary anti-avian influenza virus (aiv, h5n1) activities against infected mdck cells were evaluated, and d5 e ... | 2012 | 22795831 |
| neurological picture. sub-acute hydrocephalus in a patient with influenza a (h3n2) virus-related cerebellitis. | | 2012 | 22773858 |
| surface glycoproteins of influenza a h3n2 virus modulate virus replication in the respiratory tract of ferrets. | the hemagglutinin (ha) genes of the influenza a h3n2 subtype viruses isolated from 1968 to 2010 have evolved substantially but their neuraminidase (na) genes have been relatively less divergent. the h3n2 viruses isolated since 1995 were found to replicate in the lower respiratory tract of ferrets less efficiently than the earlier isolates. to evaluate whether the ha or/and na or the internal protein gene segments of the h3n2 virus affected viral replication in the respiratory tract of ferrets, r ... | 2012 | 22743127 |
| highly conserved influenza a virus epitope sequences as candidates of h3n2 flu vaccine targets. | this study focused on identifying the conserved epitopes in a single subtype a (h3n2)-as candidates for vaccine targets. we identified a total of 32 conserved epitopes in four viral proteins [22 ha, 4pb1, 3 na, 3 np]. evaluation of conserved epitopes in coverage during 1968-2010 revealed that (1) 12 ha conserved epitopes were highly present in the circulating viruses; (2) the remaining 10 ha conserved epitopes appeared with lower percentage but a significantly increasing trend after 1989 [p<0.00 ... | 2012 | 22698979 |
| alkaloids from the root of isatis indigotica. | seventeen new alkaloids (1-17) and 14 known analogues have been isolated from an aqueous extract of the root of isatis indigotica. the structures and absolute configurations of these compounds were determined by extensive spectroscopic data analysis, including 2d nmr, single-crystal x-ray crystallography using anomalous scattering of cu kα radiation, and electronic circular dichroism spectra calculations based on the quantum-mechanical time-dependent density functional theory. compounds 1, 2, an ... | 2012 | 22694318 |
| annual influenza vaccination affects the development of heterosubtypic immunity. | annual vaccination of healthy children >6 months of age against seasonal influenza has been recommended by public health authorities of some countries. however, currently used seasonal vaccines provide only limited protection against (potentially) pandemic influenza viruses. furthermore, we recently hypothesized that annual vaccination may hamper the development of cross-reactive immunity against influenza a viruses of novel subtypes, that would otherwise be induced by natural infection. here we ... | 2012 | 22643217 |
| prophylactic and therapeutic combination effects of rimantadine and oseltamivir against influenza virus a (h3n2) infection in mice. | the combined effect of rimantadine and oseltamivir in a prophylactic context (therapy beginning 4 h pre-virus infection) and therapeutic context (therapy started at 24 h post-viral inoculation) course on influenza h3n2 virus infection in mice was studied. in the prophylactic course 5 and 10 mg/kg/day rimantadine with 0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg/day (25:1 dose ratio) oseltamivir showed a protection index (pi) of 79.6% and 75%, respectively and a mean survival time (mst) of 13.1 and 12.9 days. the individua ... | 2012 | 22617756 |
| inter- and intraspecies transmission of canine influenza virus (h3n2) in dogs, cats, and ferrets. | the emergence of zoonotic viruses in domestic animals is a significant public health concern. canine influenza virus (civ) h3n2 is a virus that can infect companion animals and is, therefore, a potential public health concern. | 2013 | 22616918 |
| constrained evolution drives limited influenza diversity. | h3n2 influenza a viruses have been widely circulating in human populations since the pandemic of 1968. a striking feature of the evolutionary development of this strain has been its 'canalized' nature, with narrow evolutionary trees dominated by long trunks with few branching, or bifurcation events and a consequent lack of standing diversity at any single point. this is puzzling, as one might expect that the strong human immune response against the virus would create an environment encouraging m ... | 2012 | 22613866 |
| age-dependent prevalence of antibodies cross-reactive to the influenza a(h3n2) variant virus in sera collected in norway in 2011. | antibody cross-reactivity to the influenza a(h3n2) variant virus recently reported in the united states, was investigated in norwegian sera. seroprevalence was 40% overall, and 71% in people born between 1977 and 1993. the most susceptible age groups were children and people aged around 50 years. the high immunity in young adults is likely to be due to strong priming infection with similar viruses in the 1990s. more research is needed to explain the poor immunity in 45–54 year-olds. | 2012 | 22607964 |
| immune responses and protection efficacy of a recombinant swinepox virus expressing ha1 against swine h3n2 influenza virus in mice and pigs. | swine influenza virus (siv) is not only an important respiratory pathogen in pigs but also a potent threat to human health. even though immunization with recombinant vaccinia poxviruses expressing protective antigens as a vaccination strategy has been widely used for many infectious diseases, development of recombinant swinepox virus (rspv) vector for this purpose has been less successful. here, we report the construction of a recombinant swinepox virus (rspv) expressing hemagglutinin (ha1) of h ... | 2012 | 22584406 |
| effect of receptor specificity of a/hong kong/1/68 (h3n2) influenza virus variants on replication and transmission in pigs. | several arguments plead for an important role of pigs in human influenza ecology, including the similar receptor expression pattern in the respiratory tract of both species. how virus receptor binding specificity affects transmission in pigs, on the other hand, has not been studied so far. | 2013 | 22564359 |
| rescue of a h3n2 influenza virus containing a deficient neuraminidase protein by a hemagglutinin with a low receptor-binding affinity. | influenza viruses possess at their surface two glycoproteins, the hemagglutinin and the neuraminidase, of which the antagonistic functions have to be well balanced for the virus to grow efficiently. ferraris et al. isolated in 2003-2004 viruses lacking both a na gene and protein (h3na- viruses) (ferraris o., 2006, vaccine, 24(44-46):6656-9). in this study we showed that the hemagglutinins of two of the h3na- viruses have reduced affinity for saα2.6gal receptors, between 49 and 128 times lower th ... | 2012 | 22563453 |
| high-yield production of a stable vero cell-based vaccine candidate against the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus h5n1. | highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) viruses pose a global pandemic threat, for which rapid large-scale vaccine production technology is critical for prevention and control. because chickens are highly susceptible to hpai viruses, the supply of chicken embryos for vaccine production might be depleted during a virus outbreak. therefore, developing hpai virus vaccines using other technologies is critical. meeting vaccine demand using the vero cell-based fermentation process has been hindered b ... | 2012 | 22554519 |
| canalization of the evolutionary trajectory of the human influenza virus. | since its emergence in 1968, influenza a (h3n2) has evolved extensively in genotype and antigenic phenotype. however, despite strong pressure to evolve away from human immunity and to diversify in antigenic phenotype, h3n2 influenza shows paradoxically limited genetic and antigenic diversity present at any one time. here, we propose a simple model of antigenic evolution in the influenza virus that accounts for this apparent discrepancy. | 2012 | 22546494 |
| severe coinfection with seasonal influenza a (h3n2) virus and staphylococcus aureus--maryland, february-march 2012. | on march 5, 2012, the maryland department of health and mental hygiene (dhmh) and the calvert county health department were notified of three deaths following respiratory illness among members of a maryland family. one family member (patient a) experienced upper-respiratory symptoms and died unexpectedly at home. two others (patients b and c) sought medical care for fever, shortness of breath, and cough productive of bloody sputum and died during their hospitalizations. all three family members ... | 2012 | 22534762 |
| the human h3n2 influenza viruses a/victoria/3/75 and a/hiroshima/52/2005 preferentially bind to α2-3-sialylated monosialogangliosides with fucosylated poly-n-acetyllactosaminyl chains. | among influenza a viruses, subtype h3n2 is the major cause of human influenza morbidity and is associated with seasonal epidemics causing annually half million deaths worldwide. influenza a virus infection is initiated via hemagglutinin that binds to terminally sialylated glycoconjugates exposed on the surface of target cells. gangliosides from human granulocytes were probed using thin-layer chromatography overlay assays for their binding potential to h3n2 virus strains a/victoria/3/75 and a/hir ... | 2012 | 22534568 |
| excess mortality among the elderly in 12 european countries, february and march 2012. | in february and march 2012, excess deaths among the elderly have been observed in 12 european countries that carry out weekly monitoring of all-cause mortality. these preliminary data indicate that the impact of influenza in europe differs from the recent pandemic and post-pandemic seasons. the current excess mortality among the elderly may be related to the return of influenza a(h3n2) virus, potentially with added effects of a cold snap. | 2012 | 22516003 |
| influenza outbreaks in nursing homes with high vaccination coverage in navarre, spain, 2011/12. | in the 2011/12 season, three influenza outbreaks were studied in nursing homes with high vaccination coverage in navarre, spain. attack rates ranged from 2.9% to 67%. influenza a/stockholm/18/2011(h3n2) virus strain was isolated from the three outbreaks. vaccination should be complemented with other hygiene measures in nursing homes. early detection of influenza outbreaks in nursing homes can aid in their control. | 2012 | 22516002 |
| evaluation of influenza virus a/h3n2 and b vaccines on the basis of cross-reactivity of postvaccination human serum antibodies against influenza viruses a/h3n2 and b isolated in mdck cells and embryonated hen eggs. | the vaccine strains against influenza virus a/h3n2 for the 2010-2011 season and influenza virus b for the 2009-2010 and 2010-2011 seasons in japan are a high-growth reassortant a/victoria/210/2009 (x-187) strain and an egg-adapted b/brisbane/60/2008 (victoria lineage) strain, respectively. hemagglutination inhibition (hi) tests with postinfection ferret antisera indicated that the antisera raised against the x-187 and egg-adapted b/brisbane/60/2008 vaccine production strains poorly inhibited rec ... | 2012 | 22492743 |
| early estimates of the effectiveness of the 2011/12 influenza vaccine in the population targeted for vaccination in spain, 25 december 2011 to 19 february 2012. | we present early estimates of influenza vaccine effectiveness (ve) in the population targeted for vaccination, during 25 december 2011 to 19 february 2012. the adjusted ve was 55% (95% ci: 3 to 79) against any type of influenza virus and 54% (95% ci: 1 to 79) against influenza a(h3n2) virus. this suggests a moderate protective effect of the vaccine in the targeted population in a late influenza epidemic with limited match between vaccine and circulating strains. | 2012 | 22490308 |
| influenza transmission in a community during a seasonal influenza a(h3n2) outbreak (2010-2011) in mongolia: a community-based prospective cohort study. | knowledge of how influenza viruses spread in a community is important for planning and implementation of effective interventions, including social distancing measures. households and schools are implicated as the major sites for influenza virus transmission. however, the overall picture of community transmission is not well defined during actual outbreaks. we conducted a community-based prospective cohort study to describe the transmission characteristics of influenza in mongolia. | 2012 | 22427943 |
| doxycycline treatment attenuates acute lung injury in mice infected with virulent influenza h3n2 virus: involvement of matrix metalloproteinases. | acute respiratory distress syndrome, a severe form of acute lung injury (ali), is a major cause of death during influenza pneumonia. we have provided evidence for the involvement of recruited neutrophils, their toxic enzymes such as myeloperoxidase and matrix metalloproteinases (mmps), and neutrophil extracellular traps in aggravating alveolar-capillary damage. in this study, we investigated the effects of doxycycline (dox), an inhibitor of mmps, on influenza-induced ali. balb/c mice were infect ... | 2012 | 22421441 |
| suppression of the antiviral response by an influenza histone mimic. | viral infection is commonly associated with virus-driven hijacking of host proteins. here we describe a novel mechanism by which influenza virus affects host cells through the interaction of influenza non-structural protein 1 (ns1) with the infected cell epigenome. we show that the ns1 protein of influenza a h3n2 subtype possesses a histone-like sequence (histone mimic) that is used by the virus to target the human paf1 transcription elongation complex (hpaf1c). we demonstrate that binding of ns ... | 2012 | 22419161 |
| fatal cases of influenza a(h3n2) in children: insights from whole genome sequence analysis. | during the northern hemisphere winter of 2003-2004 the emergence of a novel influenza antigenic variant, a/fujian/411/2002-like(h3n2), was associated with an unusually high number of fatalities in children. seventeen fatal cases in the uk were laboratory confirmed for fujian/411-like viruses. to look for phylogenetic patterns and genetic markers that might be associated with increased virulence, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the whole genomes of 63 viruses isolated from fatal cases and ... | 2012 | 22412998 |
| genetic and pathobiologic characterization of h3n2 canine influenza viruses isolated in the jiangsu province of china in 2009-2010. | the newly emerging canine influenza virus (civ) causes considerable concerns for both veterinary and public health. during 2009-2010, six strains of h3n2 influenza virus were isolated from dogs in jiangsu province, china. sequence and phylogenetic analysis of eight gene segments revealed that the six viruses were most similar to a recent canine-derived subtype h3n2 influenza virus isolated in cats from south korea, which originated from avian strain. by comparing the deduced amino acid sequences ... | 2012 | 22397933 |
| critical role of constitutive type i interferon response in bronchial epithelial cell to influenza infection. | innate antiviral responses in bronchial epithelial cells (becs) provide the first line of defense against respiratory viral infection and the effectiveness of this response is critically dependent on the type i interferons (ifns). however the importance of the antiviral responses in becs during influenza infection is not well understood. we profiled the innate immune response to infection with h3n2 and h5n1 virus using calu-3 cells and primary becs to model proximal airway cells. the susceptibil ... | 2012 | 22396801 |
| generation of reassortant influenza viruses within the non-industrial poultry system. | we compared the genetic and biologic characteristics of 35 influenza viruses of different epidemiological backgrounds in korea, including h3n2 canine influenza virus (civ). phylogenetic analysis revealed that chicken adapted h9n2 viruses (a/chicken/korea/96006/96 [ck/kor/96006-like]) have acquired aquatic avian gene segments through reassortment, and these reassorted h9n2 viruses were more frequently detected from minor poultry species than from industrial poultry. conversely, gene segments from ... | 2012 | 22386854 |
| age as a determinant for dissemination of seasonal and pandemic influenza: an open cohort study of influenza outbreaks in östergötland county, sweden. | an understanding of the occurrence and comparative timing of influenza infections in different age groups is important for developing community response and disease control measures. this study uses data from a scandinavian county (population 427.000) to investigate whether age was a determinant for being diagnosed with influenza 2005-2010 and to examine if age was associated with case timing during outbreaks. aggregated demographic data were collected from statistics sweden, while influenza cas ... | 2012 | 22384066 |
| multifunctional adaptive ns1 mutations are selected upon human influenza virus evolution in the mouse. | the role of the ns1 protein in modulating influenza a virulence and host range was assessed by adapting a/hong kong/1/1968 (h3n2) (hk-wt) to increased virulence in the mouse. sequencing the ns genome segment of mouse-adapted variants revealed 11 mutations in the ns1 gene and 4 in the overlapping nep gene. using the hk-wt virus and reverse genetics to incorporate mutant ns gene segments, we demonstrated that all ns1 mutations were adaptive and enhanced virus replication (up to 100 fold) in mouse ... | 2012 | 22363747 |
| pathogenesis and transmission of swine origin a(h3n2)v influenza viruses in ferrets. | recent isolation of a novel swine-origin influenza a h3n2 variant virus [a(h3n2)v] from humans in the united states has raised concern over the pandemic potential of these viruses. here, we analyzed the virulence, transmissibility, and receptor-binding preference of four a(h3n2)v influenza viruses isolated from humans in 2009, 2010, and 2011. high titers of infectious virus were detected in nasal turbinates and nasal wash samples of a(h3n2)v-inoculated ferrets. all four a(h3n2)v viruses possesse ... | 2012 | 22355116 |
| infectivity phenotypes of h3n2 influenza a viruses in primary swine respiratory epithelial cells are controlled by sialic acid binding. | in the late 1990s, triple reassortant h3n2 influenza a viruses emerged and spread widely in the us swine population. we have shown previously that an isolate representative of this virus-lineage, a/swine/minnesota/593/99 (sw/mn), exhibits phenotypic differences compared to a wholly human-lineage h3n2 virus isolated during the same time period, a/swine/ontario/00130/97 (sw/ont). specifically, sw/mn was more infectious for pigs and infected a significantly higher proportion of cultured primary swi ... | 2012 | 22353399 |
| antiviral activity of polyporoid mushrooms (higher basidiomycetes) from altai mountains (russia). | antiviral activity against type a influenza virus of birds a/chicken/kurgan/05/2005 (h5n1) and humans a/aichi/2/68 (h3n2) was investigated for aqueous extracts from mycelium of 11 basidial fungi species collected in the altai mountains (altai republic, russia). the most perspective strains for producing antiviral medicines are studied strains daedaleopsis confragosa, datronia mollis, ischnoderma benzoinum, trametes gibbosa, t. versicolor, laricifomes officinalis, and lenzites betulina. | 2012 | 22339706 |
| induction of a cross-reactive antibody response to influenza virus m2 antigen in pigs by using a sendai virus vector. | protecting pigs from simultaneous infection with avian, swine, and human influenza viruses would be an effective strategy to prevent the emergence of reassortants with pandemic potential. m2 protein is a candidate antigen for so-called 'universal vaccines,' which confer cross-protection to different influenza viruses in a strain- and subtype-independent manner. we tested whether a recombinant f gene-deleted sendai virus vector that contained an m2 gene derived from an h5n1 avian influenza virus ... | 2012 | 22336036 |
| reactivity of human convalescent sera with influenza virus hemagglutinin protein mutants at antigenic site a. | how the antibodies of individual convalescent human sera bind to each amino acid residue at the antigenic sites of hemagglutinin (ha) of influenza viruses, and how the antigenic drift strains of influenza viruses are selected by human sera, is not well understood. in our previous study, it was found by a binding assay with a chimeric ha between a/kamata/14/91 (ka/91) and a/aichi/2/68 that convalescent human sera, following ka/91 like (h3n2) virus infection, bind to antigenic site a of ka/91 ha. ... | 2012 | 22309642 |
| invasive pneumococcal pneumonia and respiratory virus co-infections. | to confirm whether respiratory virus infections increase susceptibility to invasive pneumococcal pneumonia, we examined data from 11 influenza seasons (1994-2005) in the united states. invasive pneumococcal pneumonia was significantly associated with influenza and respiratory syncytial virus activities in 5 seasons. association strength was higher when strain h3n2 was the predominant influenza a virus strain. | 2012 | 22305270 |
| cross-reactive antibody to swine influenza a(h3n2) subtype virus in children and adults before and after immunisation with 2010/11 trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine in canada, august to november 2010. | in pre- and post-immunisation sera from children (17-120 months-old) and adults (20-59 years-old) immunised with 2010/11 trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine, we assessed age-related patterns of sero-susceptibility and vaccine-induced cross-reactive antibodies to a representative swine h3n2 (swh3n2) and a related ancestral human h3n2 (a/sydney/5/1997) influenza virus. few children but a greater proportion of adults showed pre-immunisation haemagglutination inhibition titres ≥40 to either viru ... | 2012 | 22297136 |
| synthesis and preliminary biologic evaluation of 5-substituted-2-(4-substituted phenyl)-1,3-benzoxazoles as a novel class of influenza virus a inhibitors. | the diversity-oriented chemistry synthesis together with the random screening approach has permitted the discovery and optimization of novel antiviral lead compounds. in this paper, a series of novel 5-substituted-2-(4-substituted phenyl)-1,3-benzoxazoles was synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro anti-influenza a virus and anti-influenza b virus activity. the activity was monitored by the mts assay in the madin-darby canine kidney cells. compound 7h showed excellent inhibitory activity an ... | 2012 | 22284752 |
| evidence for n-glycan shielding of antigenic sites during evolution of human influenza a virus hemagglutinin. | after the emergence of influenza a viruses in the human population, the number of n-glycosylation sites (ngs) in the globular head region of hemagglutinin (ha) has increased continuously for several decades. it has been speculated that the addition of ngs to the globular head region of ha has conferred selective advantages to the virus by preventing the binding of antibodies (ab) to antigenic sites (as). here, the effect of n-glycosylation on the binding of ab to as in human influenza a virus su ... | 2012 | 22258255 |
| influenza virus a infection of human monocyte and macrophage subpopulations reveals increased susceptibility associated with cell differentiation. | influenza virus infection accounts for significant morbidity and mortality world-wide. interactions of the virus with host cells, particularly those of the macrophage lineage, are thought to contribute to various pathological changes associated with poor patient outcome. development of new strategies to treat disease therefore requires a detailed understanding of the impact of virus infection upon cellular responses. here we report that human blood-derived monocytes could be readily infected wit ... | 2012 | 22238612 |
| antiviral action of methylated β-lactoglobulin on the human influenza virus a subtype h3n2. | antiviral activity of methylated β-lactoglobulin (met-blg) against h3n2 infected into mdck cell lines depended on concentration of met-blg, viral load, and duration of infection. ic50% of the hemagglutination activity for 1 and 0.2 moi (multiplicity of infection) after 24 h of incubation at 37 °c in the presence of 5% co2 were 20 ± 0.8 and 17 ± 0.7 μg ml(-1) met-blg, respectively. longer incubation period (4 days) was associated with low ic50% of the hemagglutination activity (7.1 ± 0.3 μg ml(-1 ... | 2010 | 26781119 |
| detection of influenza virus induced ultrastructural changes and dna damage. | the influenza virus generally causes damage to epithelial cells of respiratory tract and infection of cells with this virus often results in cell death with apoptotic characteristics. reports are available implicating influenza virus as a causative agent of chromosomal aberrations in cells and culture. the objective of this study was to analyze the process of cell death caused by influenza virus (a/udorn/317/72, h3n2) infection in cultured hela cells by electron microscopy and comet assay. the a ... | 2010 | 23637478 |
| mucosally administered lactobacillus surface-displayed influenza antigens (sm2 and ha2) with cholera toxin subunit a1 (cta1) induce broadly protective immune responses against divergent influenza subtypes. | the development of a universal influenza vaccine that provides broad cross protection against existing and unforeseen influenza viruses is a critical challenge. in this study, we constructed and expressed conserved sm2 and ha2 influenza antigens with cholera toxin subunit a1 (cta1) on the surface of lactobacillus casei (pgsa-cta1sm2ha2/l. casei). oral and nasal administrations of recombinant l. casei into mice resulted in high levels of serum immunoglobulin g (igg) and their isotypes (igg1 & igg ... | 2015 | 26210951 |
| genetic analysis of h3n2 avian influenza viruses isolated from live poultry markets and poultry slaughterhouses in shanghai, china in 2013. | five h3n2 avian influenza viruses (aivs) were isolated from live poultry markets (lpms) and poultry slaughterhouses in shanghai, china in 2013. all viruses were characterized by whole-genome sequencing with subsequent genetic comparison and phylogenetic analysis. the hemagglutinin cleavage site of all viruses indicated that the five strains were low-pathogenic aivs. phylogenetic analysis of all eight viral genes showed that the five h3n2 viruses clustered in the eurasian lineage of influenza vir ... | 2015 | 25899857 |
| molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of h3 subtype avian influenza viruses isolated from domestic ducks in zhejiang province in china. | in 2013, 15 avian influenza viruses (aivs), h3n2 (n = 7), h3n3 (n = 3), h3n6 (n = 3), and h3n8 (n = 2), were isolated from domestic ducks in zhejiang province in china. these strains were characterized by whole genome sequencing with subsequent phylogenetic analysis and genetic comparison. phylogenetic analysis of all eight viral genes showed that these strains clustered in the aiv eurasian lineage. analysis of the neuraminidase (na) gene indicates that a re-assortment event between h3 and h9n2 ... | 2014 | 24748106 |
| serum samples from middle-aged adults vaccinated annually with seasonal influenza vaccines cross-neutralize some potential pandemic influenza viruses. | we examined serum samples from adults ages 48-64 who received multiple seasonal influenza vaccines from 2004 to 2009 for cross-neutralizing antibodies to potential pandemic strains. using pseudoviruses bearing various hemagglutinins (ha-pseudoviruses), we found serum neutralization titers (≥160) in 100% against a/japan/305/1957 (h2n2), 53% against a/hong kong/1073/99 (h9n2), 56% against the h3n2 variant a/indiana/08/11 (h3n2v), 11% against a/hong kong/g9/97 (h9n2), and 36% a/chicken/hong kong/sf ... | 2016 | 26243315 |
| the neuraminidases of mdck grown human influenza a(h3n2) viruses isolated since 1994 can demonstrate receptor binding. | the neuraminidases (nas) of mdck passaged human influenza a(h3n2) strains isolated since 2005 are reported to have dual functions of cleavage of sialic acid and receptor binding. na agglutination of red blood cells (rbcs) can be inhibited by neuraminidase inhibitors (nais), thus distinguishing it from haemagglutinin (ha) binding. we wanted to know if viruses prior to 2005 can demonstrate this property. | 2015 | 25896455 |
| neu5acα2,6gal and neu5acα2,3gal receptor specificities on influenza viruses determined by a waveguide-mode sensor. | to characterize the differences in the receptor-binding specificities of human and avian influenza viruses with glycan chains, the authors performed binding analyses using an evanescent field-coupled waveguide-mode biosensor. the experiments were performed on intact viruses and hemagglutinin proteins, using gold-nanoparticle-conjugated neu5acα2,6gal and neu5acα2,3gal glycan chains. several influenza viruses belonging to subtypes h3n2 (a/udorn/307/1972, a/shandong/9/1993, a/kiev/301/1994, a/panam ... | 2013 | 23022889 |
| antiviral activity of phenanthrenes from the medicinal plant bletilla striata against influenza a virus. | influenza represents a serious public health concern. the emergence of resistance to anti-influenza drugs underlines the need to develop new drugs. this study aimed to evaluate the anti-influenza viral activity and possible mechanisms of 12 phenanthrenes from the medicinal plant bletilla striata (orchidaceae family). | 2017 | 28532402 |
| vaccination with killed but metabolically active e. coli over-expressing hemagglutinin elicits neutralizing antibodies to h1n1 swine origin influenza a virus. | there is a need for a fast and simple method for vaccine production to keep up with the pace of a rapidly spreading virus in the early phases of the influenza pandemic. the use of whole viruses produced in chicken eggs or recombinant antigens purified from various expression systems has presented considerable challenges, especially with lengthy processing times. here, we use the killed but metabolically active (kbma) escherichia coli (e. coli) to harbor the hemagglutinin (ha) of swine origin inf ... | 2017 | 28492063 |
| seasonal h3n2 and 2009 pandemic h1n1 influenza a viruses reassort efficiently but produce attenuated progeny. | reassortment of gene segments between coinfecting influenza a viruses (iavs) facilitates viral diversification and has a significant epidemiological impact on seasonal and pandemic influenza. since 1977, human iavs of h1n1 and h3n2 subtypes have cocirculated with relatively few documented cases of reassortment. we evaluated the potential for viruses of the 2009 pandemic h1n1 (ph1n1) and seasonal h3n2 lineages to reassort under experimental conditions. results of heterologous coinfections with ph ... | 2017 | 28637755 |
| fabrication of cell culture-derived influenza vaccine dissolvable microstructures and evaluation of immunogenicity in guinea pigs. | microstructure patches provide an opportunity for simple, effective, and safe vaccine administration, while achieving the desired immune response. we have evaluated the microcor transdermal system for cell culture-derived trivalent influenza vaccine administration. influenza monovalent purified bulk vaccines (monobulks) (h1n1, h3n2, b) were concentrated by tangential flow filtration, lyophilized, and formulated with biocompatible excipients to form the microstructure array dissolvable tips. stan ... | 2015 | 25930118 |
| mutation signature in neuraminidase gene of avian influenza h9n2/g1 in egypt. | the low pathogenic avian influenza (lpai) h9n2 subtype has become the most prevalent and widespread in many asian and middle eastern countries. it causes an enzootic situation in commercial poultry and known as a potential facilitator virus that can be transmitted to human from birds. the neuraminidase (na) gene plays an important role the release and spread of the virus from infected cells and throughout the bird. the complete nucleotide sequences of the na gene of seven h9n2 viruses collected ... | 2017 | 28770242 |
| cross-reactive influenza-specific antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity-mediating antibodies in hiv-infected indian individuals. | the influenza-specific antibodies mediating antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (adcc) may be important in protection against influenza. however, it is not known whether immunocompromised individuals such as hiv-infected persons who have never been vaccinated with influenza vaccine have such a response. | 2017 | 28776433 |
| molecular epidemiology of a novel re-assorted epidemic strain of equine influenza virus in pakistan in 2015-16. | a widespread epidemic of equine influenza (ei) occurred in nonvaccinated equine population across multiple districts in khyber pakhtunkhwa province of pakistan during 2015-2016. | 2017 | 28757141 |
| [impact of mutations in nucleoprotein on replication of influenza virus a/hong kong/1/68/162/35 reassortants at different temperatures]. | the nucleoprotein (np) of influenza virus is a multifunctional rna binding protein. the role of np in the adaptation of influenza viruses to a host has been experimentally proved. ambiguous data are available on the role of nucleoprotein in the attenuation of influenza a viruses, which is characterized by ability to replicate at low temperature (26°c) and inability to replicate at high temperature (39°c). influenza virus donor strain a/hong kong/1/68/162/35 (h3n2), adapted to growth at low tempe ... | 2017 | 28537245 |
| colocalization of intracellular specific iga (iciga) with influenza virus in patients' nasopharyngeal aspirate cells. | inhibition of viral replication by iciga antibodies has only been observed with in vitro studies using epithelial cell lines in transwell cultures. this effect appears to involve an interaction between polymeric immunoglobulin a (piga) and viral particles within an intracellular compartment, since iga is transported across polarized cells. polyclonal guinea pig antisera against purified influenza a virus and mouse antisera prepared against influenza a/h3n2 hemagglutinin (ha0) cleavage loop pepti ... | 2018 | 29102516 |
| syrian hamster as an animal model for the study of human influenza virus infection. | ferrets and mice are frequently used as animal models for influenza research. however, ferrets are demanding in terms of housing space and handling, whereas mice are not naturally susceptible to infection with human influenza a or b viruses. therefore, prior adaptation of human viruses is required for their use in mice. in addition, there are no mouse-adapted variants of the recent h3n2 viruses, because these viruses do not replicate well in mice. in this study, we investigated the susceptibilit ... | 2017 | 29212926 |