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high frequency somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in tissue cultures of codonopsis lanceolata.culture conditions for high frequency somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from cotyledonary explants of codonopsis lanceolata are described. the maximum induction frequency of somatic embryos from cotyledonary explants was 80% on murashige and skoog (ms) medium containing 6% sucrose with 1 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 10% coconut water. upon transfer onto ms basal medium containing 3% sucrose, most somatic embryos developed into plantlets.199224212875
[experimental study on anti-oxygen and promoting intelligence development of codonopsis lanceolata in old mice].the water labyrinth test and determining lipid peroxide (lpo) contents were used to assay the effects of codonopsis lanceolata on promoting intelligence development and lipid peroxide. the results showed that latent period of old mice in water labyrinth was statistically shorten and the number of mistake of old mice was visibly reduced by drinking extraction of codonopsis lanceolate 4 g/kg and 8 g/kg. these indicated that mice drinking extraction of codonopsis lanceloata learned faster that thos ...199912575097
structure of a new echinocystic acid bisdesmoside isolated from codonopsis lanceolata roots and the cytotoxic activity of prosapogenins.we isolated a new saponin named codonoposide (1) from the roots of codonopsis lanceolata (campanulaceae) and characterized it as 3-o-[beta-d-xylopyranosyl(1-3)-beta-d-glucuronopyranosyl]-3beta,16alpha-dihydroxyolean-28-oic acid 28-o-[beta-d-xylopyranosyl (1-3)-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl (1-2)-alpha-l-arabinopyranosyl] ester by chemical, physicochemical, and 2dnmr techniques. complete hydrolysis of 1 produced a sapogenin (1a), and the partial hydrolysis and further isolation afforded two prosapogeni ...200212105944
beta-d-xylopyranosyl-(1-->3)-beta-d-glucuronopyranosyl echinocystic acid isolated from the roots of codonopsis lanceolata induces caspase-dependent apoptosis in human acute promyelocytic leukemia hl-60 cells.we previously demonstrated that beta-d-xylopyranosyl-(1-->3)-beta-d-glucuronopyranosyl echinocystic acid (codonoposide 1c), a biologically active compound isolated from the roots of codonopsis lanceolata, is cytotoxic to cancer cells. in the present study, we investigated the effects of codonoposide 1c on the induction of apoptosis, and its putative action pathway in hl-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells. codonoposide 1c-treated hl-60 cells displayed several features of apoptosis, including d ...200515863893
genomic instability in phenotypically normal regenerants of medicinal plant codonopsis lanceolata benth. et hook. f., as revealed by issr and rapd markers.codonopsis lanceolata benth. et hook. f., commonly known as bonnet bellflower, is a high-valued herb medicine and vegetable. in this study, a large number of plants were regenerated via organogenesis from immature seed-derived calli in c. lanceolata by a simple and efficient method. compared with the mother donor plant, the regenerated plants did not exhibit visible phenotypic variations in six major morphological traits examined at the stage of one-season-maturity under field conditions. to gai ...200616575572
[determination of trace elements in new food sources by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry].samples were digested by hno3 + hclo4. flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (faas) was successfully used to determine copper, zinc and iron in new resource food. under our experimental conditions, the recovery ratio was 94.66%-108.80%; the precision was 0.71%-4.78%. this method of measuring elements is convenient, rapid and accurate. the results showed that there are profitable elements, such as copper, zinc and iron in new resourse food in henan province. by f test and snk test, the conten ...200717944432
triterpenoid saponins and anti-inflammatory activity of codonopsis lanceolata.the ethanolic root extract of codonopsis lanceolata were evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity using the carrageenan induced rat hind paw edema model and displayed a significant activity of 51.82% inhibition at 200 mg/kg at 3 h (p < 0.05). further isolation of the extract yielded two new triterpenoid saponins, named codonolaside i (1) and codonolaside ii (2). the spectroscopic and chemical data revealed their structures to be 3-o-[beta-d-xylopyranosyl (1->3)-(6'-o-methyl)-beta-d-glucuronopyra ...200717663196
regulatory effects of codonopsis lanceolata on macrophage-mediated immune responses.codonopsis lanceolata l. has long been used as a folk medicine in korea, japan and china for the treatment of lung inflammatory diseases. in this study, therefore, we aimed to demonstrate its ethnopharmacological activity by examining macrophage-function regulating effects. the total methanol extracts of fresh leaves (l-tme) or roots (r-tme) of codonopsis lanceolata l. significantly suppressed the production of pro-inflammatory mediators (nitric oxide [no] and tumor necrosis factor [tnf-alpha]) ...200717418512
tissue culture-induced locus-specific alteration in dna methylation and its correlation with genetic variation in codonopsis lanceolata benth. et hook. f.we have reported recently that tissue culture induced a high level of genetic variation at the primary nucleotide sequence in regenerants of medicinal plant codonopsis lanceolata. it is not known, however, whether epigenetic variation in the form of alteration in dna methylation also occurred in these plants. here, we investigated possible alterations in level and pattern of cytosine methylation at the ccgg sites in the same set of regenerants relative to the donor plant, by the msap method empl ...200717351777
rapid identification of triterpenoid saponins in the roots of codonopsis lanceolata by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.liquid chromatography coupled with sequential mass spectrometry (lc-ms(n)) has been used to identify 3,28-bidesmosidic triterpenoid saponins, lancemaside a (1), foetidissimoside a (2), aster saponin hb (3), lancemaside e (4), lancemaside b (5), lancemaside f (6), lancemaside g (7), lancemaside c (8), and lancemaside d (9) in the roots of codonopsis lanceolata. structural information about both the aglycone and the sugar moiety at the c-3 position of saponins was obtained in the negative-ion mode ...200818636312
[isolation of a novel fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase gene from codonopsis lanceolata and analysis of the response of this gene to abiotic stresses].a cdna clone containing a fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (ald) gene, designated claldc, was isolated from a medicinal plant codonopsis lanceolata. claldc is predicted to encode a precursor protein of 358 amino acid residues, and its sequence shares high degrees of homology with a number of other alds. the expression of claldc in different c. lanceolata organs was analyzed using reverse transcriptase (rt)-pcr. the results showed that claldc expressed high in stems of intact plant, while expre ...200818610828
isolation of a novel dehydrin gene from codonopsis lanceolata and analysis of its response to abiotic stresses.dehydrins (dhns) compose a family of intrinsically unstructured proteins that have high water solubility and accumulate during late seed development at low temperature or in water-deficit conditions. they are believed to play a protective role in freezing and drought-tolerance in plants. a full-length cdna encoding dhn (designated as cldhn) was isolated from an oriental medicinal plant codonopsis lanceolata, which has been used widely in asia for its anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties. ...200818452657
triterpene glycosides from the roots of codonopsis lanceolata.in the course of the development of new designer foods using the roots of codonopsis lanceolata, we found that hot-water extracts of c. lanceolata recovered decreased testosterone levels in the blood and accelerated the restoration of reproductive dysfunction induced by hyperthermic treatment in male mice. thus we studied the constituents of the polar fraction of the roots of c. lanceolata and identified six new triterpene saponins, lancemasides b (2), c (3), d (4), e (5), f (6), and g (7), alon ...200818310941
triterpenoid saponins with anti-inflammatory activity from codonopsis lanceolata.six triterpenoid saponins, including a new compound named codonolaside iii, were isolated from the roots of codonopsis lanceolata. the spectral and chemical data revealed the structure of codonolaside iii to be 3- o-[ beta- d-xylopyranosyl -(1-->3)- beta- d-glucuronopyranosyl]-3 beta,16 alpha-dihydroxyolean-12-ene-28-oic acid 28- o-[ beta- d-xylopyranosyl-(1-->4)- alpha- l-rhamnpyranosyl-(1-->2)][ beta- d-glucopyranosyl -(1-->4)]- alpha- l-arabinopyranosyl ester. the xylene-induced mouse ear ede ...200818666043
anaphylactic shock induced by codonopsis lanceolata, traditional chinese medicine in a patient with allergic rhinitis. 200818782120
inhibitory effect of saponin fraction from codonopsis lanceolata on immune cell-mediated inflammatory responses.saponin components are known to be pharmaceutically, cosmetically and nutraceutically valuable principles found in various herbal medicine. in this study, we evaluated the inhibitory role of saponin fraction (sf), prepared from c. lanceolata, an ethnopharmacologically famous plant, on various inflammatory responses managed by monocytes, macrophages, lymphocytes and mast cells. sf clearly suppressed the release of nitric oxide (no) and tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha, but not prostaglandin e(2) ...200919557357
regulatory effects of codonopsis lanceolata on gene expression of gm-csf in macrophage-like cells.we aimed to demonstrate ethnopharmacological role of codonopsis lanceolata l., known to be used as a folk qi tonic herb to aid those who are weakened by blood loss or other injury in korea, by examining the expressional level of hematopoietic cytokines.200919429360
simultaneous determination of seven saponins in the roots of codonopsis lanceolata by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.we developed a rapid and simple analytical method for the simultaneous determination of seven 3,28-bidesmosidic triterpenoid saponins in the roots of codonopsis lanceolata. the saponins are lancemaside a, lancemaside b, lancemaside c, lancemaside e, lancemaside g, foetidissimoside a, and aster saponin hb. root samples were extracted with 50% methanol and prepared for analysis. saponins were detected by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectr ...200918841442
protective effect of codonopsis lanceolata root extract against alcoholic fatty liver in the rat.alcohol intake remains the most important cause of fatty liver throughout the world. the current study was undertaken to determine whether dietary supplementation with codonopsis lanceolata root water extract attenuates the development of alcoholic fatty liver in rats and to elucidate the molecular mechanism for such an effect. male sprague-dawley rats were fed normal diet (nd), ethanol diet (ed) (36% of total energy from ethanol), or 0.5% c. lanceolata root extract-supplemented ethanol diet (ed ...200920041784
protective effect of stress-induced liver damage by saponin fraction from codonopsis lanceolata.saponins are valuable principles found in various herbal medicine with pharmaceutical, cosmetical and nutraceutical merits. in this study, we evaluated the protective role of saponin fraction (cl-sf), prepared from codonopsis lanceolata, an ethnopharmacologically famous plant in korea, china and japan, on water immersion stress-induced liver damage and radical generation. cl-sf clearly decreased the up-regulated levels of serum glutamate-oxalacetate transaminase and glutamate-pyruvate-transamina ...200919898808
murine metabolism and absorption of lancemaside a, an active compound in the roots of codonopsis lanceolata.lancemaside a, a triterpenoid saponin isolated from the roots of codonopsis lanceolata, has been reported to ameliorate the reduction of blood testosterone levels induced by immobilization stress in mice. in the present study, we investigated the metabolism and absorption of lancemaside a in mice. after oral administration of lancemaside a at 100 mg/kg body weight, the unmetabolized compound appeared rapidly in plasma (t (max) = 0.5 h). lancemaside a has a low bioavailability (1.1%) because of i ...201020383596
lancemaside a inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation by targeting lps/tlr4 complex.in our previous study, lancemaside a isolated from codonopsis lanceolata (family campanulaceae) ameliorated colitis in mice. in this study, the anti-inflammatory effects of lancemaside a was investigated in lipopolysaccharide (lps)-stimulated mice and their peritoneal macrophage cells. lancemaside a suppressed the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, tnf-α and il-1β, in vitro and in vivo. lancemaside a also down-regulated inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) and cyclooxygenase-2 (cox-2), ...201020665542
codonopsis lanceolata extract induces g0/g1 arrest and apoptosis in human colon tumor ht-29 cells--involvement of ros generation and polyamine depletion.codonopsis lanceolata (campanulasea) is widely distributed and grown in asia and has been in use as traditional medicine for long time. the n-butanol fraction (bf) of c. lanceolata significantly inhibited human colon cancer ht-29 cell growth in a dose- and time-dependent manner by inducing g0/g1 phase arrest and apoptosis. the inhibition was associated with intracellular ros generation and polyamine depletion as evidenced by hplc quantitatively. additionally, semi-quantitative rt-pcr revealed en ...201020940027
lancemaside a ameliorates colitis by inhibiting nf-kappab activation in tnbs-induced colitis mice.in a preliminary study, we found that lancemaside a, which is a main constituent of codonopsis lanceolata used as an herbal medicine for inflammatory diseases, potently inhibits lipopolysaccharide (lps)-stimulated, tlr-4-linked nf-kappab activation of nf-kappab luciferase reporter gene-transfected 293-htlr4-hemagglutinin (ha) cells. therefore, we investigated its inhibitory effect in 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (tnbs)-induced colitis in mice.201019956958
combined effects of probiotic fermentation and high-pressure extraction on the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antimutagenic activities of deodeok (codonopsis lanceolata).this study was designed to evaluate the combined effects of probiotic fermentation and high-pressure extraction (hpe) on the functional properties of codonopsis lanceolata. the ground c. lanceolata samples were anaerobically fermented with lactobacillus acidophilus adh, bifidobacterium longum b6, lactobacillus rhamnosus gg, or lactobacillus paracasei at 37 degrees c for 10 days and subjected to 500 mpa at 50 degrees c for 30 min. the extraction yields of c. lanceolata samples were noticeably inc ...201020000575
effects of probiotic fermentation on the enhancement of biological and pharmacological activities of codonopsis lanceolata extracted by high pressure treatment.this study was designed to evaluate the enhancement of antioxidant, antimicrobial, enzymatic, cytotoxic, and cognitive activities of codonopsis lanceolata extracted by high pressure treatment followed by probiotic fermentation. dried c. lanceolata samples were subjected to 400mpa for 20min and then fermented with bifidobacterium longum b6 (hpe-blf) and lactobacillus rhamnosus (hpe-lrf) at 37°c for 7days. compared to conventional extraction (ce-nf, 6.69mg gae/g), the phenol amounts of hpe-blf and ...201121543255
in silico gene expression analysis in codonopsis lanceolata root.expressed sequence tags (ests) provide valuable tools that can be used to predict the genes involved in primary and secondary metabolite synthesis. to the best of our knowledge, ests have not yet been developed for codonopsis. lanceolata, and therefore, the est referenced in this report is the first transcript for c. lanceolata. a cdna library was constructed using the roots of c. lanceolata plants that were grown in a field. the selected 881 cdna clones were sequenced and processed with an est ...201121088900
ethyl acetate extracts of raw and steamed codonopsis lanceolata protects against ischemic damage potentially by maintaining sod1 and bdnf levels.we observed the neuroprotective effects of ecls treatment on ischemic damage in the gerbil hippocampal ca1 region four days after an ischemic insult. among the 10 ecls, eercl and eescl showed significant neuroprotection: the percentage of neurons remaining after treatment with eercl and eescl was 72.7% and 68.4% of that seen in the sham-ischemia group, respectively. the administration of eercl and eescl significantly decreased the reactive gliosis of microglia compared with that seen in the vehi ...201121671837
[study on the chemical constituents of codonopsis lanceolata].to study the chemical constituents of codonopsis lanceolata.201121809542
echinocystic acid ameliorates lung inflammation in mice and alveolar macrophages by inhibiting the binding of lps to tlr4 in nf-κb and mapk pathways.orally administered lancemaside a, which is isolated from codonopsis lanceolata (family campanulaceae), showed anti-colitic effect in mice. however, its metabolite echinocystic acid was absorbed into the blood. therefore, its anti-inflammatory effects were investigated in lipopolysaccharide (lps)-stimulated alveolar macrophages in vitro and acute lung injury in vivo. alveolar macrophages from mice were stimulated with lps and were treated with echinocystic acid. acute lung injury was induced by ...201222564908
lancemaside a isolated from codonopsis lanceolata and its metabolite echinocystic acid ameliorate scopolamine-induced memory and learning deficits in mice.the rhizome of codonopsis lanceolata (family campanulaceae), which contains lancemaside a as a main constituent, has been used as herbal medicine to treat inflammation, insomnia, and hypomnesia. lancemaside a and echinocystic acid, which is its metabolite by intestinal microflora, potently inhibited acetylcholinesterase activity in a dose-dependent manner, with ic₅₀ value 13.6 μm and 12.2 μm, respectively. its inhibitory potency is comparable with that of donepezil (ic₅₀=10.9 μm). lancemaside a ...201223079229
bak is a key molecule in apoptosis induced by methanol extracts of codonopsis lanceolata and tricholoma matsutake in hsc-2 human oral cancer cells.since the 5-year survival rate of oral cancer remains low, more effective and non-toxic therapeutic and preventive strategies are required. certain natural products possess anti-cancer properties. the present study investigated the effects of the methanol extracts of codonopsis lanceolata (meci) and tricholoma matsutake (metm) and identified the molecular target in hsc-2 human oral cancer cells. the results revealed that meci and metm inhibited growth and induced apoptosis, as demonstrated by po ...201223205139
antilipogenic and anti-inflammatory activities of codonopsis lanceolata in mice hepatic tissues after chronic ethanol feeding.this study evaluated the antilipogenic and anti-inflammatory effects of codonopsis lanceolata (c. lanceolata) root extract in mice with alcohol-induced fatty liver and elucidated its underlying molecular mechanisms. ethanol was introduced into the liquid diet by mixing it with distilled water at 5% (wt/v), providing 36% of the energy, for nine weeks. among the three different fractions prepared from the c. lanceolata root, the c. lanceolata methanol extract (cme) exhibited the most remarkable at ...201222013387
preparative separation of the saponin lancemaside a from codonopsis lanceolata by centrifugal partition chromatography.lancemaside a is a saponin that inhibits decreases in blood testosterone level and thus prevents or ameliorates symptoms associated with male climacteric disorder. our initial attempt to preparative isolation of lancemaside a from the saponin fraction of codonopsis lanceolata roots by a preparative hplc did not give a clear result.201218438758
antiobesity effect of codonopsis lanceolata in high-calorie/high-fat-diet-induced obese rats.the antiobesity effects of codonopsis lanceolata (cl) were evaluated in a high-calorie/high-fat-diet (hfd-) induced obesity rat model and 3t3-l1 cells. the sprague-dawley male rats were fed a normal diet (nd) or a hfd for a period of 12 weeks. the rats were subdivided into groups: nd, nd + wild codonopsis lanceolata (wcl) (900 mg/kg/day, p.o.), nd + cultivated codonopsis lanceolata (ccl) (900 mg/kg/day, p.o.), hfd, hfd + wcl (100, 300, or 900 mg/kg/day, p.o.), hfd + ccl (100, 300, or 900 mg/kg/d ...201323818922
the ameliorating effect of steamed and fermented codonopsis lanceolata on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice.codonopsis lanceolata (campanulaceae) have been traditionally used to treat lung inflammatory diseases, such as asthma, tonsillitis, and pharyngitis. the present study was performed to evaluate the cognitive-enhancing effects of steamed and fermented c. lanceolata in scopolamine-induced memory impairments in mice. cognitive abilities were determined by the morris water maze and passive avoidance tests. mice orally received fermented c. lanceolata extract at doses of 100, 300, or 500 mg/kg body w ...201323935665
antioxidant activity and anti-adipogenic effects of wild herbs mainly cultivated in korea.wild herbs, which are edible plants that grow in mountainous areas, have diverse biological effects such as anti-obesity and anti-cancer activities. the aim of this study was to evaluate the total phenolic and flavonoid contents as well as the antioxidant activity of methanol extracts of aster scaber, ligularia fischeri, kalopanax pictus, codonopsis lanceolata, and cirsium setidens and to assess their effects on lipid accumulation and reactive oxygen species (ros) production during adipogenesis ...201324141244
effect of codonopsis lanceolata with steamed and fermented process on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice.codonopsis lanceolata (campanulaceae) traditionally have been used as a tonic and to treat patients with lung abscesses. recently, it was proposed that the extract and some compounds isolated from c. lanceolata reversed scopolamine-induced memory and learning deficits. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the improvement of cognitive enhancing effect of c. lanceolata by steam and fermentation process in scopolamine-induced memory impairment mice models by passive avoidance test and morris w ...201324244829
echinocystic acid, a metabolite of lancemaside a, inhibits tnbs-induced colitis in mice.the rhizome of codonopsis lanceolata (cl, family campanulaceae), of which the main constituent is lancemaside a, has been used for cough and bronchitis in traditional chinese medicine. to evaluate anti-colitic effect of cl, we examined anti-inflammatory effect of cl extracts, lancemaside a and its metabolites in lipopolysaccharide (lps)-stimulated peritoneal macrophages and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (tnbs)-induced colitic mice. among cl extracts, cl buoh extract inhibited lps-induced i ...201323352442
inhibitory effect of echinocystic acid on 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced dermatitis in mice.the rhizome of codonopsis lanceolata (family campanulaceae), which contains lancemaside a as a main constituent, is frequently used in the traditional chinese medicine for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. lancemaside a exhibits anti-inflammatory effect in vitro and in vivo. however, orally administered lancemaside a is metabolized to echinocystic acid by the intestinal microflora and the metabolite is absorbed into the blood. therefore, to understand whether echinocystic acid is effective ...201423515933
microarray-based gene expression profiling to elucidate effectiveness of fermented codonopsis lanceolata in mice.in this study, the effect of codonopsis lanceolata fermented by lactic acid on controlling gene expression levels related to obesity was observed in an oligonucleotide chip microarray. among 8170 genes, 393 genes were up regulated and 760 genes were down regulated in feeding the fermented c. lanceolata (fcl). another 374 genes were up regulated and 527 genes down regulated without feeding the sample. the genes were not affected by the fcl sample. it was interesting that among those genes, chytoc ...201424717412
lancemaside a from codonopsis lanceolata modulates the inflammatory responses mediated by monocytes and macrophages.in this study, we aimed to examine the cellular and molecular mechanisms of lancemaside a from codonopsis lanceolata (campanulaceae) in the inflammatory responses of monocytes (u937 cells) and macrophages (raw264.7 cells). lancemaside a significantly suppressed the inflammatory functions of lipopolysaccharide- (lps-) treated raw264.7 cells by suppressing the production of nitric oxide (no), the expression of the no-producing enzyme inducible no synthase (inos), the upregulation of the costimulat ...201424782593
neuroprotective effect of steamed and fermented codonopsis lanceolata.codonopsis lanceolata has been used as an herbal medicine for several lung inflammatory diseases, such as asthma, tonsillitis, and pharyngitis. previously, we showed the neuroprotective effect of steamed and fermented c. lanceolata (sfc) in vitro and in vivo. in the current study, the treatment of ht22 cells with sfc decreased glutamate-induced cell death, suggesting that sfc protected ht22 cells from glutamate-induced cytotoxicity. based on these, we sought to elucidate the mechanisms of the ne ...201425009706
cognitive-enhancing effect of steamed and fermented codonopsis lanceolata: a behavioral and biochemical study.alzheimer's disease (ad) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory impairment. codonopsis lanceolata (c. lanceolata) has been employed clinically for lung inflammatory diseases such as asthma, tonsillitis, and pharyngitis. the present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of fermented c. lanceolata (300, 500, and 800 mg/kg) on learning and memory impairment induced by scopolamine by using the morris water maze and passive avoidance tests. to elucidate possible mec ...201425031604
codonopsis lanceolata extract prevents diet-induced obesity in c57bl/6 mice.codonopsis lanceolata extract (cle) has been used in traditional medicine in the asian-pacific region for the treatment of bronchitis, cough, and inflammation. however, it is still unclear whether obesity in mice can be altered by diet supplementation with cle. to investigate whether cle could have preventative effects on high fat diet (hfd)-induced obesity, male c57bl/6 mice were placed on either a normal chow diet, 60% hfd, or a hfd supplemented with cle (60, 180, and 360 mg/kg/day) for 12 wee ...201425353662
acute and subchronic (28 days) oral toxicity studies of codonopsis lanceolata extract in sprague-dawley rats.codonopsis lanceolata is a perennial plant that has been used as a food and in traditional medicine for the treatment of cough, bronchitis, and inflammation in east asia including korea, japan, and china. however, information regarding its toxicity is limited. therefore, we performed a safety evaluation of aqueous c. lanceolata root extract (cle) in sprague-dawley rats. assessment of acute toxicity revealed that cle did not influence mortality, clinical appearance, body weight gain, or necropsy ...201525724632
anti-tumor effect of steamed codonopsis lanceolata in h22 tumor-bearing mice and its possible mechanism.although previous studies confirmed that steaming and the fermentation process could significantly improve the cognitive-enhancement and neuroprotective effects of codonopsis lanceolata, the anti-tumor efficacy of steamed c. lanceolata (scl) and what mechanisms are involved remain largely unknown. the present study was designed to evaluate the anti-tumor effect in vivo of scl in h22 tumor-bearing mice. the results clearly indicated that scl could not only inhibit the tumor growth, but also prolo ...201526426041
cloning of a caffeoyl-coenzyme a o-methyltransferase from camellia sinensis and analysis of its catalytic activity.epigallocatechin-3-o-(3-o-methyl) gallate (egcg3"me) present in leaves of camellia sinensis has many beneficial biological activities for human health. however, egcg3"me occurs naturally in tea leaves in extremely limited quantities. finding an enzyme from c. sinensis to catalyze the synthesis of egcg3"me is an alternative method to make up for the scarcity of egcg3"me in natural situations. in the present study, a complementary dna (cdna) encoding region and genomic dna of the caffeoyl-coenzyme ...201525644465
application of a solvent-free solid injection technique coupled with gc-ms for discrimination between the secondary metabolites of wild and cultivated south korean medicinal foods.solvent-free solid injection was applied to differentiate between wild and cultivated south korean medicinal foods, including dureup (aralia elata), deodeok (codonopsis lanceolata) and doraji (platycodon grandiflorus). a number of compounds were identified in wild and cultivated dureup (53 and 46), deodeok (47 and 51) and doraji (43 and 38). secondary metabolites, including butanal,2-methyl-, β-caryophyllene, neoclovene, α-humulene, γ-curcumene, β-bisabolene, and phytol, were identified in dureu ...201627859496
codonopsis lanceolata: a review of its therapeutic potentials.codonopsis lanceolata (campanulaceae) is dicotyledonous herbaceous perennial plant, predominantly found in central, east, and south asia. this plant has been widely used in traditional medicine and is considered to have medicinal properties to treat diseases and symptoms such as bronchitis, coughs, spasm, psychoneurosis, cancer, obesity, hyperlipidemia, edema, hepatitis, colitis, and lung injury. c. lanceolata contains many biologically active compounds, including polyphenols, saponins, tannins, ...201626931614
steamed and fermented ethanolic extract from codonopsis lanceolata attenuates amyloid-β-induced memory impairment in mice.codonopsis lanceolata (c. lanceolata) is a traditional medicinal plant used for the treatment of certain inflammatory diseases such as asthma, tonsillitis, and pharyngitis. we evaluated whether steamed and fermented c. lanceolata (sfc) extract improves amyloid-β- (aβ-) induced learning and memory impairment in mice. the morris water maze and passive avoidance tests were used to evaluate the effect of sfc extract. moreover, we investigated acetylcholinesterase (ache) activity and brain-derived ne ...201627313637
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