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transcallosal response (tcr) in the chronic photosensitive baboon preparation, papio papio. ii. effect of premotor cortical kindling.the chronological pattern of transcallosal response (tcr) and its recovery cycle were studied by single or paired stimulation of the homotopic primary and the secondary (contralateral) cortical site before, during and after primary site premotor cortical kindling in papio papio. prior to kindling, the sequential pattern of tcr was early positive (p1), negative (n1), late small positive (p2) and large negative (n2) components. the recovery cycle of both p1 and n1 showed a marked supernormal phase ...19872445549
transcallosal response (tcr) in the chronic photosensitive baboon preparation, papio papio. i. premotor cortical stimulation, recovery cycle and neurotropic drug effect.transcallosal response (tcr) and its recovery cycle were studied in the chronic photosensitive baboon, papio papio. bipolar premotor intracortical stimulation evoked early positive (p1) and negative (n1) sequences followed by late small positivity (p2) and large negativity (n2) in the contralateral homotopic site. the sequential pattern of p1 and n1 was similar to that previously described in acute preparations. the recovery cycle as measured by means of paired stimuli with varying inter-stimulu ...19872445548
role of the forebrain commissure and hemispheric independence in photosensitive response of epileptic baboon, papio papio.the effect of monocular intermittent light stimulation (ils) of either hemivisual field (hvf) of the full visual field (fvf) was examined in papio papio with or without forebrain bisection. ils of the hvf or the fvf in non-bisected baboons produced bisymmetrical and bisynchronous spike and wave which was followed by a self-sustained seizure without eeg evidence of hemispheric independence. ils of the fvf in bisected baboons also produced bilateral spike and wave and self-sustained seizures of a ...19882450734
anatomical atlas of the baboon's brain in the orbito-meatal plane used in experimental positron emission tomography.an anatomical atlas has been constructed of the brain of the baboon (papio papio) in the orbito-meatal plane (om-plane) which is frequently used in experimental positron emission tomography (pet) investigations. the atlas comprises 12 photographic reproductions of histological brain sections separated by 2.5 mm intervals, and covers telencephalic to pontine brain stem levels. the anatomical atlas was used in analysis of some pet scan images obtained after administration of either a benzodiazepin ...19882835124
electroencephalographic manifestations of grand mal epilepsy in africans: observation of relative rarity of interictal abnormalities.interictal eeg records of nigerian epileptic patients living in lagos and clearly diagnosed as having grand mal epilepsy were compared with those of british epileptic patients with a similar diagnosis. interictal eeg abnormalities (spike and wave discharges, (sw), photoparoxysmal discharges (ppd), and nonspecific changes) were significantly less common in nigerian patients (incidence 15.7%) compared with british patients (incidence 52.9%) irrespective of age or sex of the patients. these finding ...19883134191
case of disseminated african histoplasmosis in a baboon.an adult red baboon (papio cynocephalus papio) had a severe disseminated case of african histoplasmosis (histoplasma capsulatum var. duboisii) with skin lesions from small pustules to ulcerative granulomas. osteolytic lesions were seen radiographically. treatment with ketoconazole for 6 months was unsuccessful.19883184166
gaba-containing neurons in the pontine nuclei of rat, cat and monkey. an immunocytochemical study.putative gabaergic elements in the pontine nuclei have been studied in the rat, cat and two old world monkeys (macaca mulatta and papio papio) using an antiserum against gaba-glutaraldehyde-protein conjugates and the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. in addition, an antiserum against glutamate decarboxylase has been used in the cat. for comparison, golgi impregnated material from cat and macaque has been studied. in all species there is a moderately dense plexus of fibres with gaba-like immunore ...19883393281
seed-eating by west african cercopithecines, with reference to the possible evolution of bilophodont molars.data on tooth use in eating fruits and seeds were collected on 12 west african monkeys representing five species of cercopithecines, cercopithecus aethiops, cercopithecus campbelli, cercocebus atys, erythrocebus patas, and papio papio. field observations and information in the published literature were used to select fruits for captive feeding trials. a total of over 27,000 tests were conducted to determine the preferences of the monkeys for 78 fruits. data were collected on the selection of fru ...19883364545
lack of effect of aspartame or of l-phenylalanine on photically induced myoclonus in the baboon, papio papio.the effects of large doses of l-phenylalanine and of aspartame on seizure susceptibility and severity have been assessed in baboons papio papio from senegal which show photosensitive epileptic responses similar to primary generalised epilepsy in man. l-phenylalanine, 50, 150 or 450 mg/kg, or aspartame, 300 or 1000 mg/kg, were administered orally. peak plasma l-phenylalanine concentrations of approximately 2000 mumoles/l occurred 1-4 h after the highest dose of l-phenylalanine or aspartame. the p ...19892502388
gabaergic mechanisms in the pathogenesis and treatment of epilepsy.1. evidence relating to the role of gaba in the pathogenesis of epilepsy is reviewed. 2. impaired gabaergic function appears to contribute to seizure susceptibility in a variety of genetically-determined syndromes in animals, e.g. genetically epilepsy prone rats showing sound-induced seizures, gerbils with genetically determined epilepsy, and baboons, papio papio, with photosensitive epilepsy. 3. in epilepsy secondary to a cerebral insult there is some morphological and biochemical evidence for ...19892667605
effects of localized, chronic gaba infusions into different cortical areas of the photosensitive baboon, papio papio.the effects of chronic (7 days) intracortical gaba infusions were investigated in both naturally photosensitive and non-photosensitive baboons. bilateral and unilateral infusions into motor and occipital regions blocked photosensitivity, while premotor and prefrontal cortex infusions had no effect on the electro-clinical manifestations of this type of reflex epilepsy; the monkeys with prefrontal gaba infusions, however, showed selective attention deficits, detected with the delayed response test ...19892464486
demonstration of gaba immunoreactive cells in the inferior olive of baboons (papio papio and papio anubis).the distribution of gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba)-like immunoreactivity was studied in semithin sections through the inferior olivary complex in two baboon species. about 5% of the olivary neurons were gaba-immunoreactive. the gaba-immunoreactive neurons differed from the large majority of olivary neurons by their smaller size and their lower contents of aspartate, as judged by analysis of alternate sections labelled with an aspartate antiserum. the present observations raise the possibility th ...19892671810
n-methyl-d-aspartate receptors in the cortex and hippocampus of baboon (papio anubis and papio papio).in vitro autoradiography was used to examine the n-methyl-d-aspartate receptor in the brain of a baboon species, papio anubis, and compared to that of papio papio which exhibits a photosensitive epilepsy. the epilepsy originates in the frontal cortex and is accompanied by an enhanced sensitivity to n-methyl-d-aspartate. in both papio anubis and papio papio, the density of n-methyl-d-aspartate receptors was greatest in the hippocampus, followed by associational areas including frontal cortex, and ...19892573860
dopaminergic-cholinergic interaction in a myoclonus of papio papio baboon. 19892517809
supplementary motor area kindling in the photosensitive baboons.two senegalese baboons (papio papio) were subjected to daily electrical stimulation at the sma. when compared with the results of kindling at different frontal cortical sites, adt and gst at the sma were lower than those at other sites. on the other hand, the number of stimulations required for stage 4 asymmetrical generalization was much greater at the sma (mean of 78.0) than that for the pma (22.5). these findings suggest that partial seizure originating from the pma rather than the sma seems ...19892625802
phosphorylated thiamine derivatives and cortical activity in the baboon papio papio: effect of intermittent light stimulation.the effect of intermittent light stimulation (ils) on the distribution of thiamine derivatives in three brain areas (occipital, motor, and premotor) was compared in photosensitive and nonphotosensitive baboons. ils induces paroxysmal discharges in the motor and premotor areas of photosensitive animals only. in baboons submitted to ils, thiamine triphosphate (ttp) decreases in both photosensitive and nonphotosensitive animals; thiamine monophosphate (tmp) increases in photosensitive animals, whic ...19892723664
unexpected potentializing effect of a tacrine derivative (9-amino-7-methoxy-1,2,3,4 tetrahydroacridine) upon the non-epileptic myoclonus in baboons papio papio.1. the influence of 7-methoxytacrine (7-meota) on the non epileptic myoclonus of the papio papio baboon was studied in 5 animals. 2. this type of myoclonus is thought to depend on a cholinergic system dysfunction since it can be induced by atropine and blocked by physostigmine. 3. 7-meota, a tacrine derivative, is believed to display a conspicuous anticholinesterase activity but, surprisingly, it here potentiated the non epileptic myoclonus occuring either spontaneously or induced by atropine. 4 ...19902126145
gaba withdrawal syndrome: a model of the epilepsia partialis continua.after the chronic infusion of gaba into the cortex of baboon papio papio, a sudden stop of the infusion provoked cortical epileptic discharges around the infused area. and the baboon exhibited partial epilepsy for about 3 days. the result suggested that gaba withdrawal syndrome should be a good model not only to understand the mechanism of epilepsia partialis continua but also partial epilepsy with a circumscribed cortical focus.19902124304
distribution of distinct arachidonoyl-specific and non-specific isoenzymes of diacylglycerol kinase in baboon (papio cynocephalus) tissues.we investigated the diacyglycerol kinase species present in several baboon tissues using the substrates sn-1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl diacylglycerol and sn-1,2-didecanoyl diacylglycerol. chromatography of octyl glucoside extracts of the baboon (papio cynocephalus papio) tissues on hydroxyapatite columns revealed the presence of three diacylglycerol kinase species with different substrate preferences. one species markedly 'preferred' the substrate sn-1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoylglycerol, the two othe ...19902155609
anticonvulsant action of the beta-carboline abecarnil: studies in rodents and baboon, papio papio.abecarnil (zk 112119; isopropyl-6-benzyloxy-4-methoxymethyl-beta-carboxylate) is a metabolically stable beta-carboline derivative with potent anxiolytic and few sedative and ataxic effects in rodents. the anticonvulsant and muscle relaxant actions of abecarnil have been evaluated in mice, rats, gerbils and baboons. abecarnil raised the threshold for tonic electroconvulsions in mice after corneal but not after auricular application, had no effect on maximal electroshock-induced tonic convulsions ...19901970362
anticonvulsant activity of the nmda antagonists, d(-)4-(3-phosphonopropyl) piperazine-2-carboxylic acid (d-cpp) and d(-)(e)-4-(3-phosphonoprop-2-enyl) piperazine-2-carboxylic acid (d-cppene) in a rodent and a primate model of reflex epilepsy.d-(-)4-(3-phosphonopropyl)piperazine-2-carboxylic acid (d-cpp) and its unsaturated analogue (d(-)(e)-4-(3-phosphonoprop-2-enyl) piperazine-2-carboxylic acid (d-cppene) have been administered to dba/2 mice (intracerebroventricularly, i.c.v., intraperitoneally, i.p., and orally, p.o.) and to photosensitive baboons, papio papio (intravenously, i.v., and orally), and their effects on reflexly induced epileptic responses assessed. in dba/2 mice the clonic phase of the seizure response to sound is sup ...19902292244
effects of anterior corpus callosum section on cortical glucose utilization in baboons. a sequential positron emission tomography study.cortical glucose utilization was measured under light anaesthesia using positron emission tomography and 18f-fluorodeoxyglucose before and serially after stereotaxic anterior corpus callosum section in 3 adult baboons (papio papio); in 1 animal needles were introduced but callosotomy was not performed ('sham' operation). lesion efficacy was verified by x-ray computerized tomography and by postmortem examination which indicated effective anterior two-thirds callosal section in all 3 baboons, as w ...19902397393
quantitative evaluation of benzodiazepine receptors in live papio papio baboons using positron emission tomography.the binding of the 11c-labeled benzodiazepine antagonist ro 15-1788 (flumazenil) was measured in the neocortex of live papio papio baboons by positron emission tomography. this allowed us to calculate in vivo (i.e., at physiological temperature, neurotransmitters concentrations, and ionic environment) the apparent density of available benzodiazepine receptors (b'max) and the dissociation constant of ro 15-1788 (kd). by coadministering increasing doses of unlabeled ro 15-1788 with [11c]ro 15-1788 ...19902172764
identification of human acrosomal antigen sp-10 in primates and pigs.the intra-acrosomal human sperm protein sp-10 was previously designated a "primary vaccine candidate" by a world health organization taskforce on contraceptive vaccines. in the present study, a monoclonal antibody to sp-10 (mhs-10) was employed on western blots to identify immunoreactive sp-10 in sperm extracts from baboon (papio cyanocephalus anubis) and two macaques (macaca mulatta and macaca fascicularis). in each of these primates, the mhs-10 monoclonal antibody recognized a polymorphic patt ...19902337631
[value of the monkey papio papio for the study of epilepsy].the baboon papio papio is the only animal model showing a natural photosensitive epilepsy very similar to that observed in some human epileptic patients. in the baboon, intermittent light stimulation (ils) induces bilateral and synchronous myoclonic twitches which are associated with paroxysmal discharges (pds) predominating in the frontal cortex, and can be followed by generalized tonic-clonic seizures. we were able to demonstrate the motor cortical origin of all these manifestations since neur ...19902186340
the non-n-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonists, gyki 52466 and nbqx are anticonvulsant in two animal models of reflex epilepsy.the effect of i.p. or i.v. administration of the non-n-methyl-d-aspartate antagonists, gyki 52466 (1-(4-aminophenyl)-4-methyl-7,8-methylendioxy-5h-2,3-benzodiazepin e.hcl, molecular weight 330) and nbqx (2,3-dihydroxy-6-nitro-7-sulfamoyl-benzo(f)-quinoxaline, molecular weight 342) on sound-induced seizures in rats and photically induced myoclonus in baboons was studied. in both species an anticonvulsant effect occurred 15-60 min after administration of gyki 52466 or nbqx. the ed50 value for clon ...19911686756
infectivity of trypanosoma (trypanozoon) brucei gambiense for baboons (papio hamadryas, papio papio).in order to study sensitivity or resistance of t.b. gambiense to baboon serum, two species of baboons, p. hamadryas and p. papio were inoculated with t.b. gambiense clone litat 1.1. both species were receptive to infection but, parasitological and immunological parameters showed that p. papio was more trypanotolerant than p. hamadryas. the vat-specific trypanolysis test and the elisa, using moab for circulating antigen detection may be appropriate for the diagnosis of human trypanosomiasis due t ...19912042999
calcium-binding protein (calbindin-d28k) and parvalbumin immunocytochemistry in the normal and epileptic human hippocampus.the calcium-binding proteins calbindin-d28k (cabp) and parvalbumin (pv) were localized in the "normal" and "epileptic" human hippocampus to address the possible relationship between the expression of these constitutive cytosolic calcium-binding proteins and the resistance or selective vulnerability of different hippocampal neuron populations in temporal lobe epilepsy. compared to rodents and a baboon (papio papio), the pattern of cabp-like immunoreactivity (li) in the "normal" human hippocampus ...19911865007
reflex reticular myoclonus: relationship to some brainstem pathophysiological mechanisms.two patients with reflex reticular myoclonus [rrm] were tested electrophysiologically and pharmacologically. in one of the cases the underlying disease was chronic lyme borreliosis. in the other, the rrm attacks may have been associated with procarbazine therapy applied for hodgkin's disease. no cortical lesion could be demonstrated either clinically or electrophysiologically [eeg, averaged eeg preceeding the jerks, ssep]. an emg analysis of the jerks revealed the shortest latency in the muscles ...19912048395
effects of pharmacological manipulation on neurotransmitter and other amino acid levels in the csf of the senegalese baboon papio papio.the concentrations of gaba, glutamate, aspartate, glycine, taurine, glutamine, asparagine and alanine were determined in the csf of 10 senegalese baboons (papio papio) following initial ketamine anaesthesia and subsequent administration (4 h later) of different compounds known to alter either inhibitory or excitatory neurotransmission. ketamine itself was apparently without effect as the administration of a second dose of ketamine did not significantly alter the levels of any of the amino acids ...19911673360
tacrine derivative in the myoclonus b of papio papio baboons. 19911818688
effects of drugs influencing the noradrenergic neurotransmission on nonepileptic myoclonus of papio papio baboon. 19911687862
drugs influencing the gabaergic neurotransmission have no effect on the non-epileptic myoclonus of baboons.in papio papio baboons benzodiazepines can facilitate the appearance of a naturally occurring non-epileptic myoclonus, suggesting a possible role of gabaergic transmission in their physiopathology. nevertheless, as this myoclonus is blocked by physostigmine, the effect of benzodiazepines is probably due to their indirect action on the cholinergic system. therefore, in this study, we report the effects on the non-epileptic myoclonus of drugs influencing gabaergic transmission. systemic injections ...19911713829
language-apparent reflex epilepsy.an adolescent with photosensitive epilepsy had absence seizures reproduced by forced voluntary eye closure in light or in darkness, independent of eyelid immobilization or ocular elevation. attacks preferably occurred while speaking spanish, her second language, mediated through brief, strong, automatic closing of the eyes during difficult word retrieval. complex other multidirectional ocular movements or blinking, cognitive and language tasks were ineffective. frontorolandic cortical epileptoge ...19911908752
epileptic manifestations and influence on sleep in the baboon papio papio. 19911760101
myoclonus in papio papio. 19911676136
in vivo benzodiazepine receptor occupancy by cl 218,872 visualized by positron emission tomography in the brain of the living baboon: modulation by gabaergic transmission and relation with anticonvulsant activity.in vivo benzodiazepine receptor occupancy by increasing doses of cl 218,872 has been evaluated in the baboon papio papio, using (11c) ro 15-1788 as specific radioligand and positron emission tomography as external detection system. although bzr heterogeneity has been previously demonstrated in the brain of the living baboon using pet, we did not observe in our studies that cl 218,872 interacts preferentially with one of the bzr subtypes. the monophasic pattern of the dose dependent cl 218,872 di ...19911673661
drugs modifying dopaminergic activity and behaviour, the eeg and epilepsy in papio papio.acute changes in spontaneous motor activity, the eeg and photically induced epileptic responses have been observed in baboons (papio papio) following the i.v. injection of drugs acting on dopaminergic transmission. apomorphine hydrochloride, 0.5-1.0 mg/kg, produced a phase of acute excitement with accentuated vigilance and abnormal buccal motor activity lasting 30-40 min; during this phase myoclonic responses to intermittent photic stimulation were absent. after piribedil (et 495, 1,2'' -pyrimid ...19911149807
the effect of acth and hcg on adrenal steroidogenesis in the neonatal baboon (papio papio). 1992206082
magnetic resonance imaging to monitor pathology of caudate-putamen after excitotoxin-induced neuronal loss in the nonhuman primate brain.we used mr imaging to locate and monitor in vivo the pathological events taking place 2 to 4 weeks after unilateral striatal injections of ibotenic acid (ia) in the papio papio baboon. as early as 2 weeks after ia injections, excitotoxic lesions in the caudate and the putamen were directly visualized on t1-weighted images as small areas of low signal intensity. on t2-weighted images, the lesion sites were visualized as areas of high-intensity signal, spreading over larger areas than the correspo ...19921397172
in vitro dissolution of uranium oxide by baboon alveolar macrophages.in vitro cellular dissolution tests for insoluble forms of uranium oxide are technically difficult with conventional methodology using adherent alveolar macrophages. the limited number of cells per flask and the slow dissolution rate in a large volume of nutritive medium are obvious restricting factors. macrophages in suspension cannot be substituted because they represent different and poorly reproducible functional subtypes with regard to activation and enzyme secretion. preliminary results on ...19921396447
serotoninergic, noradrenergic, and peptidergic innervation of onuf's nucleus of normal and transected spinal cords of baboons (papio papio).we have investigated with light and electron microscope immunocytochemistry the aminergic and peptidergic innervation of onuf's nucleus in adult baboons. this nucleus, located in the ventrolateral part of the sacral spinal cord (s2 and s3), is considered to control urethral and anal sphincters and penile muscles. by comparison of intact and transected spinal cords, we have found that serotoninergic innervation has two origins: first, supraspinal, innervating the whole nucleus, with a possible pr ...19921374763
in vivo visualization of central muscarinic receptors using [11c]quinuclidinyl benzilate and positron emission tomography in baboons.the muscarinic antagonist, quinuclidinyl benzilate (qnb), labeled with carbon 11 was used as a radioligand to visualize in vivo by positron emission tomography (pet) the central muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (machr) in baboons (papio papio). the binding characteristics of [11c]qnb showed its specific binding to central machr. [11c]qnb brain uptake was high in cerebral cortex and striatum, areas that are rich in machr, whereas it decreased rapidly in cerebellum, evidencing non-specific bindi ...19921521561
role of the corpus callosum in photosensitive seizures of epileptic baboon papio papio. 19921543082
anticonvulsant profile of mdl 27,266: an orally active, broad-spectrum anticonvulsant agent.the novel anticonvulsant substance mdl 27,266 was tested in a variety of anticonvulsant models to assess its anticonvulsant profile, behavioral toxicity and oral bioavailability. intraperitoneally (i.p.) administered mdl 27,266 afforded complete protection against sound-induced seizures in dba/2j and frings audiogenic-seizure (ags)-susceptible mice (ed50s: 5.0 and 5.1 mg/kg, respectively). it was also effective following i.p. administration to cf#1 mice against maximal electroshock (mes)-, pente ...19921396547
purification of two cytochrome p450 isozymes related to cyp2a and cyp3a gene families from monkey (baboon, papio papio) liver microsomes. cross reactivity with human forms.two cytochrome p450 isozymes, fa and fi, were isolated and characterized from liver microsomes of phenobarbital-induced baboons (papio papio). the cytochrome fa possesses the same n-terminal amino acid sequence as p450 mk2 from crab-eating monkeys (macaca irus) and closely resembles the human p450 3a isozymes. this cytochrome was able to oxidize nifedipine and hydroxylate testosterone at the 6 beta position. the second baboon cytochrome (fi) is closely related to the p450 2a subfamily and has th ...19921541278
the effects of ampa receptor antagonists on kindled seizures and on reflex epilepsy in rodents and primates.two potent glutamate antagonists, nbqx and gyki 52466, that act selectively on non-nmda receptors, have been tested for anticonvulsant activity in 3 models of reflex epilepsy (sound-induced seizures in dba/2 mice and in genetically epilepsy-prone rats and photically-induced myoclonus in papio papio) and in amygdala kindled rats. both compounds potently but transiently suppress reflexly-induced epileptic responses. gyki 52466 also reduces behavioral seizures and afterdischarge duration in amygdal ...19921337444
longitudinal effect of tiludronate on bone mineral density, resonant frequency, and strength in monkeys.the effect of tiludronate on bone was studied in 72 growing monkeys (papio papio), 36 males and 36 females, aged 4-7 years. they were randomly allocated into four groups (18 animals per group, 9 males and 9 females): group i, controls; group ii, 10 mg/kg/day; group iii, 20 mg/kg/day; and group iv, 40 mg/kg/day of tiludronate. a total of 12 animals (6 males and 6 females) in each group were sacrificed at the end of treatment (1 year) and 6 animals (3 males and 3 females) per group 1 year later. b ...19921414478
cloning and sequencing of baboon and cynomolgus monkey intra-acrosomal protein sp-10: homology with human sp-10 and a mouse sperm antigen (msa-63).in this study, cdnas encoding the intraacrosomal protein sp-10 were cloned and sequenced from baboon (papio papio) and macaque (macaca fascicularis) testis libraries and the sequence compared to that of human sp-10. two alternatively spliced sp-10 cdnas were obtained from both baboon and macaque testis libraries. the two cdnas in each species contained open reading frames encoding proteins of exactly 285 and 251 amino acids. a 98% homology between baboon and macaque sp-10 was found at the protei ...19938442953
manual and hemispheric specialization in the manipulation of a joystick by baboons (papio papio).manual performance asymmetries were examined in 8 baboons (papio papio). using a joystick, monkeys had to track and hit with a cursor a randomly moving target on a monitor. the left or right hand was tested first, depending on group assignment, followed by a transfer to the other hand. a transfer effect is reported for the total number of trials to criterion and total number of successful trials. no effect was found for response time. however, for both test and transfer, the group initially test ...19938447954
stable parkinsonian syndrome and uneven loss of striatal dopamine fibres following chronic mptp administration in baboons.the progressive degeneration of dopamine neurons observed in idiopathic parkinson's disease was mimicked by injecting low doses of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (mptp) to baboons, on a chronic basis. five papio papio baboons were treated on two different regimens (chronic intravenous administration at weekly intervals for 20-21 months or, daily mptp treatment for five days followed five to six months later by chronic weekly injections for 5-21.5 months). all animals were assessed ...19938469305
mirror-image matching and mental rotation problem solving by baboons (papio papio): unilateral input enhances performance.three experiments, using a matching-to-sample procedure, were conducted to examine hemispheric specialization in mirror-image discrimination and mental rotation in baboons (papio papio). in experiment 1, no significant difference was found in discrimination of mirror-image and asymmetric pattern stimuli. in experiment 2, orientation discrimination was assessed within the left (lvf) and right (rvf) visual half-fields. an rvf advantage was found in accuracy for asymmetric patterns, whereas an lvf ...19938440977
the cholinergic system-dependent myoclonus of the baboon papio papio is a reticular reflex myoclonus.neurophysiological studies were performed on four papio papio baboons presenting with nonepileptic myoclonus (a startle response resembling stimulus-sensitive jerk). investigations of the eeg, back-averaged eeg, and somatosensory evoked potentials revealed the absence of cortical correlates preceding the jerks, and exclusion of cerebral cortex involvement. no long-latency reflexes could be recorded in these animals. the jerks were symmetric when evoked by unilateral stimulation in normal baboons ...19938419805
use of stones in a captive group of guinea baboons (papio papio). 19938206422
video-task assessment of stimulus novelty effects on hemispheric lateralization in baboons (papio papio).in a video matching-to-sample task, we examined the effects of stimulus novelty on hemispheric specialization in 6 baboons (papio papio). after familiarization with a set of 8 composite stimuli, baboons were tested with either familiar stimuli paired in a novel way, novel stimuli composed of familiar elements, or novel stimuli differing in structure from the previous stimuli. analyses focused on visual field differences between initial and later trials in each condition. the findings reflected s ...19948026167
tissue specificity of the acrosomal protein sp-10: a contraceptive vaccine candidate molecule.the tissue specificity of the intra-acrosomal protein sp-10 was examined by northern blot and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) analysis. messenger rna from 36 tissues in the female baboon (papio papio) was isolated, separated on agarose gels, transferred to nylon, and probed with either sp-10, beta-actin, or cyclophilin cdna. northern blots, which were processed at both low and high stringency, showed sp-10 to be expressed exclusively in the testis. the mrna from each tissue was also reverse tran ...19948167233
beta-adrenergic control of lipolysis in primate white fat cells: a comparative study with nonprimate mammals.the beta-adrenoceptor subtypes involved in the control of lipolysis in white fat cells of rat, dog, marmoset (callithrix jacchus), baboon (papio papio), macaque (macaca fascicularis), and human were compared. in all species [3h]cgp-12177 binding (up to 3 nm) indicated the existence of a homogeneous population of binding sites in fat cell membranes, and competition studies showed that beta 1- and beta 2-adrenoceptors were present. selective beta 1 or beta 2-adrenoceptor agonists induced lipolysis ...19947914069
globus pallidus and motor initiation: the bilateral effects of unilateral quisqualic acid-induced lesion on reaction times in monkeys.the results of many experimental studies have shown that the globus pallidus (gp) is involved in the control of motor activities, particularly during motor execution. whether or not the gp is involved in the initiation phase is still a matter of controversy, however. this question was investigated in the present study in papio papio monkeys after gp lesion using a simple reaction time (rt) task, focusing particularly on the initiation phase. the monkeys were trained to perform this task, which c ...19947925805
spontaneous isolated lipoma of the choroid plexus in the baboon.a case of symptomless, solitary lipoma of the choroid plexus is described. the tumour was found in the left lateral ventricle of an adult female baboon (papio papio) in the course of post-mortem examination. routine histological investigation showed that the tumour was composed exclusively of characteristic adipose cells with scarce collagen septa and without other hamartoma-like constituents, such as glial cells, neurons, cartilage or muscle fibres. the tumour mass was lined by a typical single ...19948056876
a review of the preclinical pharmacology of tiagabine: a potent and selective anticonvulsant gaba uptake inhibitor.we review the neurochemical and behavioral profile of the selective gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba) uptake inhibitor, (r)-n-(4,4-di-(3-methylthien-2-yl)but-3-enyl) nipecotic acid hydrochloride [tiagabine (tgb), previously termed nnc 05-0328, no 05-0328, and no-328], which is currently in phase iii clinical trials for epilepsy. tgb is a potent, and specific gaba uptake inhibitor. tgb lacks significant affinity for other neurotransmitter receptor binding sites and/or uptake sites. in electrophysiol ...19957555976
reflex epilepsy in the papio-papio baboon, particularly photosensitive epilepsy.papio-papio baboons may present two types of reflex paroxysmal manifestations: --myoclonia and generalized seizures are induced by intermittent light stimulation in predisposed animals; this photosensitive epilepsy resembles that observed in some human patients; it involves mainly the cerebral cortex during myoclonia which are accompanied by eeg paroxysmal discharges, and the mesencephalic reticular formation during seizures; --myoclonia of a different type, never accompanied by eeg paroxysmal d ...19957642345
the gamma-aminobutyric acid uptake inhibitor, tiagabine, is anticonvulsant in two animal models of reflex epilepsy.the effects of i.p. administration of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba) uptake inhibitors r(-)n-(4,4-di(3-methylthien-2-yl)-but-3-enyl) nipecotic acid hydrochloride (tiagabine; molecular weight 412.0), (1-(2-(((diphenylmethylene)-amino)oxy)ethyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-3- pyridinecarboxylic acid hydrochloride (nnc-711; molecular weight 386.9), and (+/-)-nipecotic acid (molecular weight 128.2) are compared with those of carbamazepine (molecular weight 236.3) on sound-induced seizures and locomotor p ...19957737333
control of lipolysis in intra-abdominal fat cells of nonhuman primates: comparison with humans.the mechanisms that control lipolysis in intra-abdominal fat cells from various primate species, the marmoset (callithrix jacchus), the baboon (papio papio), and the macaque (macaca fascicularis), were compared to those of human intraabdominal fat cells. selective beta 1- or beta 2-adrenoceptor agonists induced lipolysis in all species. selective beta 3-agonists (brl 37344, cl 316243, and sr 58611) acted as partial agonists in marmoset but were inefficient in other primates, including humans. al ...19957775857
utilization of dehydroepiandrosterone and its sulphate for oestrogen production by pregnant baboons (papio papio).the effect of varying maternal circulating 3beta-hydroxy-5-androsten-17-one (d) and its sulphate (ds) on urinary oestrogen (oe) excretion by baboons was determined between 65 and 174 days gestation (term = 184 days). oe (mainly oestrone) was determined by radioimmunoassay after enzymic hydrolysis of conjugates. increments in oe were estimated from the difference between oe during 5 days pre- and post-treatment. oestradiol-17beta (5 mg in 5.0 ml saline-ethanol, 1:1) administered iv increased (p l ...1995176856
cingulate kindling in senegalese baboons, papio papio.kindling of the cingulate cortex in the senegalese baboon papio papio led to a protracted nonconvulsive seizure state characterized by immobile staring with (anterior cingulate, ac) or without (posterior cingulate, pc) widening of eyelids and neck flexion, followed by postictal visual searching behavior. despite early bilateral spread of eeg discharges, ictal and interictal patterns remained persistently asymmetric. secondary generalization was rapid and predictable once contralateral lower faci ...19957588460
electrographic studies of the effects of rp 60180, a novel kappa agonist, on the photosensitive baboon papio papio.1. the authors describe here the effects of intravenous administration of rp 60180, a novel kappa agonist, on conscious baboons of the species papio papio, which spontaneously present photically induced epileptic responses. 2. animals (n = 2) were chronically implanted with epidural recording electrodes and tested whilst seated in a primate chair. the electrocorticogram (ecog) and electrocardiogram (ecg) were recorded during a control period of at least 30 minutes before the injection of rp 6018 ...19958588066
[somatosensory evoked potentials: morphology and interareal s1-m1 relationships in the baboon (papio papio)].primary somatosensory potentials (seps) were elicited by electrical stimulation of the medial sciatic (proprioceptive) or sural (cutaneous) nerves. they were detected by contacts on si and mi dura on both cortical sides against a cephalic reference. seps were averaged (n = 20). primary si sep consisted of positive, then negative, pi6/n30 waves. n30 was absent from mi records. local electrocoagulation of the si cortex on one side has entailed some reduction, but not suppression of together the ho ...19969102564
gaba and epilepsy in the photosensitive baboon papio papio. 19968895974
primary (idiopathic) generalized epilepsy and underlying mechanisms.primary generalized epilepsy (pge) has been more hotly debated over the past decades than other forms of epileptic seizure disorder. the sudden synchronous appearance of bilateral spikes and spike-waves (mainly with myoclonus resp. absence) used to perplex the earliest generation of electroencephalographers, and the enigmatic genesis of these discharges (and seizures) has not ceased to fascinate the investigators of this phenomenon. a "centrencephalic" concept with paroxysmal discharges arising ...19968719497
sequence and characterization of the sperm protein sp17 from the baboon.in this study, cdnas encoding the sperm protein sp17 from the baboon (papio papio) have been cloned and sequenced. three clones, differing in the lengths of their 3' untranslated regions, were identified, which were encoded by mrna transcripts of 0.8-1.35 kb. the open reading frame encodes 163 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 18.8 kda. the baboon sp17 protein sequence is 97% identical to human sp17 but differs significantly by the addition of 12 amino acids at the c-terminal, provi ...19979110316
processing of global and local visual information and hemispheric specialization in humans (homo sapiens) and baboons (papio papio).global precedence was examined in 8 baboons and 14 humans using compound stimuli presented in the left visual hemifield (lvf) or the right visual hemifield (rvf). humans showed a global advantage and global-to-local interference. baboons showed a local advantage and no interference. for humans and baboons, a lvf advantage appeared for global matching and an unsignificant rvf advantage appeared for local matching. the local advantage in baboons still emerged when the memory load of the task was r ...19979104003
hemispheric lateralisation and global precedence effects in the processing of visual stimuli by humans and baboons (papio papio).this paper examines the effect of global precedence (gpe: navon, 1977) and its lateralisation from a comparative perspective. using a divided field matching-to-sample task with compound stimuli, experiment 1 demonstrated consistent patterns of lateralisation in humans and baboons, corresponding to a right-hemisphere advantage for global processing and a left- but nonsignificant advantage for local processing. species differences emerged in terms of gpe; humans showed a global precedence effect, ...199715513066
associative learning in baboons (papio papio) and humans (homo sapiens): species differences in learned attention to visual features.we examined attention shifting in baboons and humans during the learning of visual categories. within a conditional matching-to-sample task, participants of the two species sequentially learned two two-feature categories which shared a common feature. results showed that humans encoded both features of the initially learned category, but predominantly only the distinctive feature of the subsequently learned category. although baboons initially encoded both features of the first category, they ul ...199824399276
comparative assessment of distance processing and hemispheric specialization in humans and baboons (papio papio).this comparative study explored the ability to process distance and its lateralization in humans and baboons. using a conditional matching-to-sample procedure in a divided-field format, subjects had to decide whether or not the distance between a line and a dot belonged to a short- or a long-distance category. experiments 1, 2, and 4 demonstrated the ability of baboons to process and categorize distances. moreover, humans showed better distance processing for right visual field/left hemisphere p ...19989853095
localization of fcgr1 encoding fcgamma receptor class i in primates: molecular evidence for two pericentric inversions during the evolution of human chromosome 1.the human high-affinity receptor for immunoglobulin g, fcgammari (fcgr1), is encoded by a family of three genes that share over 95% sequence homology. curiously, the three genes in this recently duplicated gene family flank the centromere of human chromosome 1, with fcgr1b located at 1p12 and both fcgr1a and fcgr1c located at 1q21. we have previously speculated that a pericentric inversion could account for the separation of the genes in the fcgr1 family and explain their current chromosomal loc ...19989763663
synthesis of a fluorine-18 labeled derivative of epibatidine for in vivo nicotinic acetylcholine receptor pet imaging.epibatidine (exo-2-(2'-chloro-5'-pyridyl)-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane), a natural compound isolated from the skin of the ecuadorian poison frog epipedobates tricolor, is the most potent nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nachr) agonist reported to date. in order to visualize and quantify in vivo these receptors in human brain using positron emission tomography (pet), [18f]norchlorofluoroepibatidine (exo-2-(2'-[18f]fluoro-5'-pyridyl)-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane), a fluorine-18 (t(1/2): 110 min) radi ...199910220033
intronic sequence motifs of hla-dqb1 are shared between humans, apes and old world monkeys, but a retroviral ltr element (dqltr3) is human specific.long terminal repeats (ltrs) of the human endogenous retrovirus k (herv-k) family have been found at several sites within the human genome, of which one is located in the vicinity of hla-dqb1. since this dqltr3 is only present on some haplotypes, we performed a linkage analysis in 130 caucasian families. in order to date the integration event we also investigated the presence of this dqltr3 in apes and old world monkeys. additionally, we sequenced the adjacent region of dqltr3-positive and -nega ...199910395105
processing of above/below categorical spatial relations by baboons (papiopapio).three video-formatted experiments investigated the categorization of 'above' and 'below' spatial relations in baboons (papio papio). using an identity matching-to-sample task, six baboons correctly matched line-dot stimuli based on the 'above' or 'below' location of the dot relative to the line (experiment 1). positive transfer of performance was then observed when the line-dot distance depicted in the sample stimulus differed from that of the two comparison stimuli (experiment 2). using a go/no ...199924897558
reproductive parameters and paracallosal skin color changes in captive female guinea baboons, papio papio.reproductive data are presented for female papio papio housed in the zoological park of paris and are compared with previously published data from free-ranging populations of other baboon species. the results indicate similar intermenstrual intervals and durations of sexual swelling. sexual swelling and pregnancy are accelerated in captivity, while postpartum amenorrhea and interbirth interval are reduced. interbirth intervals in p. papio were short, approximately 13 months in the case of viable ...19999888723
blockade of photically induced epilepsy by 'dopamine agonist' ergot alkaloids.the effect of the intravenous administration of ergot alkaloids on epileptic responses to intermittent photic stimulation )ips) has been studied in adolescent baboons, papio papio, from senegal. ergocornine, 1--2 mg/kg, produced marked autonomic and behavioural effects, slowed the eeg, and abolished myoclonic responses to ips for 30--90 min. ergometrine, 1 mg/kg, activated the eeg and blocked the induction of myoclonic responses for 1--3 h. bromocriptine, 0.5--4 mg/kg, did not consistently preve ...199996470
mfasat: a new alphoid dna sequence isolated from macaca fascicularis (cercopithecidae, primates).a new highly repeated dna fragment isolated from macaca fascicularis (mfasat) is described. our findings obtained by sequencing, southern blot analysis, and fluorescent in situ hybridization (fish) on metaphasic chromosomes strongly suggest that mfasat can be considered as a member of the alphoid dna family characteristic of old world monkeys. the chromosomal localization of mfasat, obtained by fish, showed that this alphoid dna is present in the peri-centromeric area of all the chromosomes. mfa ...199910659771
the influence of cortisone on eeg and seizure activity in the baboon papio papio.the ability of cortisone to modify eeg and seizure activity was investigated in the baboon, papio papio. acute intramuscular doses (0.5-4 mg/kg) caused a dose-dependent increase in seizure response to a flashing light stimulus. this increase in seizure response was apparent in both seizure duration and the spread of convulsive activity. along with enhancement of seizures, cortisone was found to cause marked changes in the eeg, ranging from the appearance of interictal paroxysmal activity to alte ...200089944
proconvulsant, convulsant and other actions of the d- and l-stereoisomers of allylglycine in the photosensitive baboon, papio papio.the effects of the intravenous or intracerebroventricular injection of the stereoisomers, and the racemic mixture, of allylglycine (2-amino-pent-4-enoic acid) have been studied in baboons, papio papio, with photosensitive epilepsy. enhancement of the natural syndrome of photosensitivy epilepsy is seen 1-12 h (maximally at 3-8 h) after l-allyglycine, 100 mg/kg, intravenously, or d,l-allyglycine, 200 mg/kg, intravenously. such enhancement is seen with a slower onset, and to a lesser, and more vari ...200089942
perception of partly occluded figures by baboons (papio papio).comparative literature provides conflicting findings whether animals experience amodal completion. five experiments were conducted to verify if baboons perceive partly occluded objects as complete. the first three experiments used a go/no-go procedure and a video monitor for stimulus presentation. these experiments failed to reveal amodal completion, suggesting that the stimuli were processed as 2-d images rather than 3-d objects. in contrast, completion was demonstrated in a fourth experiment w ...200011257971
myoclonia in papio papio: are they all "epileptic"? 200010709213
same-different conceptualization by baboons (papio papio): the role of entropy.the authors trained 6 baboons (papio papio) to make 1 of 2 report responses to 16-icon same arrays versus 16-icon different arrays. in the same arrays, the icons were all the same as one another, whereas in the different arrays the icons were all different from one another. in experiment 1, the baboons discriminated the same arrays from the different arrays, and they transferred their discriminative responding to arrays of novel icons. in experiments 2 and 3, the baboons exhibited strong sensiti ...200111334218
anticonvulsant action of a 1,5-benzodiazepine, clobazam, in reflex epilepsy.clobazam, an anxiolytic 1,5-benzodiazepine, has been evaluated as an anticonvulsant in 2 animal models. in mice showing sound induced seizures, clobazam, 1--4 mg/kg, i.p., blocked seizure responses for 1--2 hr. in senegalese baboons papio papio showing photically induced myoclonus or seizures, clobazam, 2--12 mg/kg, i.v., totally prevented such responses for up to 6 hr. in baboons pretreated with allylglycine, 170--185 mg/kg, a similar but briefer protection was induced by clobazam. neurological ...200198317
effects of melatonin on the photosensitive epilepsy of the baboon, papio papio.the acute pharmacological effects of melatonin (5-methoxy-n-acetyl-tryptamine) were evaluated on behaviour and electrographic signs in the photosensitive baboon (papio papio), including visually evoked potentials veps). doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg i.v. had little effect, contrasting with the enhancement of spontaneous paroxysmal activity and latency of clinical signs elicited by intermittent light stimulation (ils) produced by the 20 and 50 mg/kg doses. moreover, a modification of the electrographic ...200160219
photically induced seizures in the yellow baboon, papio cynocephalus.significant susceptibility to photically induced seizures has in the past been observed only in senegales baboons (papio papio) and epileptic humans. however, we have unexpectedly observed a photomyoclonic response to intermittent photic stimulation in 5 of a sample of 6 yellow baboons (papio cynocephalus).2001114296
alterations in learning performance in the seizure-prone baboon: effects of elicited seizures and chronic treatment with diazepam and phenobarbital.a comparison was made of the effects of chronically administered diazepam and phenobarbital with those of elicited seizures on repeated acquisition learning in 3 prepubertal papio papio. the learning task required the baboons each day to perform different sequences of lever presses on a three-lever behavior panel. middle dose levels of both diazepam and phenobarbital were found to improve learning performance relative to base-line control levels, as measured by total errors, efficiency, and time ...200198318
synthetic peptide strategy for the detection of and discrimination among highly divergent primate lentiviruses.we developed a simple, rapid, inexpensive, and highly sensitive and specific strategy for the detection and lineage differentiation of primate lentiviruses (piv-elisa). it is based on the use of two indirect elisa methods using synthetic peptides mapping the gp41/36 region (detection component) and the v3 region (differentiation component) of four lentivirus lineages, namely sivcpz/hiv-1 (groups m, o, n, and sivcpz-gab), sivmnd, sivagm, and sivsm/sivmac/hiv-2. this strategy was evaluated with pa ...200111461679
discriminating the relation between relations: the role of entropy in abstract conceptualization by baboons (papio papio) and humans (homo sapiens).two baboons (papio papio) successfully learned relational matching-to-sample: they picked the choice display that involved the same relation among 16 pictures (same or different) as the sample display, although the sample display shared no pictures with the choice displays. the baboons generalized relational matching behavior to sample displays created from novel pictures. further experiments varying the number of sample pictures and the mixture of same and different sample pictures suggested th ...200111676083
preliminary lack of evidence for simian odour preferences of savanna populations of anopheles gambiae and other malaria vectors.the behavioural response to several culicine and anopheline mosquitoes to the odour of alternative hosts (human vs monkey) arranged in a choice set-up using odour-baited entry traps (obets) was assessed in a field experiment in south-eastern senegal. the experimental protocol followed procedures analogous to those adopted in olfactometer laboratory tests. two adult cercopithecus aethiops and a child of similar mass slept inside separate tents and their odours were drawn to each one of two paired ...200112402527
[correlation between the regional blood volume and epileptic seizures in papio papio].the method of labelling red cells with technetium-99m was used to measured regional blood volume auring different types of epileptic seizures induced in the baboon papio papio. during seizures the cerebral blood volume increases and there is simultaneously a decrease of blood volume in nasal and hepatic regions, and a transitory increase of blood volume in the forepaws.2002117933
perception of pictorial eye gaze by baboons (papio papio).pictorial faces looking left or right were presented to baboons (papio papio) before the display of a target letter in the left or right hemifield of a monitor screen. baboons had to provide go or no-go responses taking into account the identity of the target letter. the 1st 6 experiments showed no reliable effect of eye gaze on discrimination speed, using either schematic gazes or pictures of real gazes. experiment 7 showed that eye gazes facilitated target processing when eye cues were perfect ...200212136705
perception of the corridor illusion by baboons (papio papio).the corridor illusion was assessed in four baboons (papio papio) by way of judgmental task implying a comparison between the size of two figures presented on various backgrounds. findings demonstrate that the baboons are sensitive to the corridor illusion.200211853864
divergent simian t-cell lymphotropic virus type 3 (stlv-3) in wild-caught papio hamadryas papio from senegal: widespread distribution of stlv-3 in africa.among eight samples obtained from a french primatology research center, six adult guinea baboons (papio hamadryas papio), caught in the wild in senegal, had a peculiar human t-cell leukemia virus type 2 (htlv-2)-like western blot seroreactivity (p24(+), gd21(+), k55(+/-)). partial sequence analyses of the tax genes (433 bp) indicated that these baboons were infected by a novel divergent simian t-cell lymphotropic virus (stlv). analyses of the complete proviral sequence (8,892 bp) for one of thes ...200312477886
[study of eeg and the organization of various states of vigilance in papio papio less than 4 months old]. 20034377896
[preliminary study of the ontogenesis of activities of the "pgo" spike type in papio papio]. 2003821113
[spontaneous spikes-waves of anterior predominance with paroxysmal manifestations induced by intermittent photic stimulation in papio papio. reflections on a particular case]. 2004821109
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