| antioxidant and anti-hepatitis c viral activities of commercial milk thistle food supplements. | milk thistle dietary supplements that contain silymarin are widely marketed and used in the usa and other countries for liver enhancement and recovery. more recently, silymarin has also been identified as a possible antiviral for the treatment of hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection. to assess different brands of commercially sold silymarin, 45 products were collected from local stores and analyzed for their silymarin content, antioxidant activities, and antiviral activity against hcv. antioxidant ... | 2013 | 26787620 |
| silibinin inhibits hiv-1 infection by reducing cellular activation and proliferation. | purified silymarin-derived natural products from the milk thistle plant (silybum marianum) block hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection and inhibit t cell proliferation in vitro. an intravenous formulation of silibinin (sil), a major component of silymarin, displays anti-hcv effects in humans and also inhibits t-cell proliferation in vitro. we show that sil inhibited replication of hiv-1 in tzm-bl cells, pbmcs, and cem cells in vitro. sil suppression of hiv-1 coincided with dose-dependent reductions ... | 2012 | 22848626 |
| silibinin is a potent sensitizer of uva radiation-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in human keratinocyte hacat cells(†). | uva radiation (315-400 nm), which constitutes ca 95% of the uv irradiation in natural sunlight reaching earth surface, is a major environmental risk factor associated with human skin cancer pathogenesis. uva is an oxidizing agent that causes significant damage to cellular components through the release of reactive oxygen species (ros) and leads to photoaging and photocarcinogenesis. here we investigate the effect of silibinin, the flavonolignan from silybum marianum, on uva-induced ros and cell ... | 2011 | 22118157 |
| retrospective analysis of the effects of a highly standardized mixture of berberis aristata, silybum marianum, and monacolins k and ka in patients with dyslipidemia. | berberis aristata, because of its berberine content, and monascus purpureus fermented rice, because of the presence of monacolins (naturally derived statins), are widely investigated food-grade ingredients used to formulate cholesterol-lowering supplements. although they are extensively used, berberine is poorly absorbed and monacolins are poorly chemically characterized, not standardized, and possibly contaminated with toxic compounds. silymarin is reported to enhance berberine absorption, whil ... | 2017 | 28058034 |
| a randomized, placebo-controlled study on the effects of a nutraceutical combination of red yeast rice, silybum marianum and octasonol on lipid profile, endothelial and inflammatory parameters. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a combination of red yeast rice, silybum marianum and octasonol compared to placebo on lipid profile, endothelial, and inflammatory parameters in low risk dislipidemic patients. one hundred and thirty-four dislipidemic patients were randomised to take placebo or a patented nutraceutical association in tablet form (zeta colestrt), 1 tablet /day (immediately after the dinner), for three months in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. at base ... | 2015 | 25001663 |
| in-vitro and in-vivo evaluation of silymarin nanoliposomes against isolated methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. | staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen and remains a common cause of burn wound infections. different studies have shown that entrapment of plant-derived compounds into liposomes could increase their anti-staphylococcus aureus activity. silymarin is the bioactive extract from the known plant silybum marianum l. the objective of this study was to evaluate efficacy of silymarin in free and nanoliposomal forms against isolated methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) strain. s ... | 2015 | 25901172 |
| silymarin/silybin and chronic liver disease: a marriage of many years. | silymarin is the extract of silybum marianum, or milk thistle, and its major active compound is silybin, which has a remarkable biological effect. it is used in different liver disorders, particularly chronic liver diseases, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, because of its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic power. indeed, the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effect of silymarin is oriented towards the reduction of virus-related liver damages through inflammatory cascade soft ... | 2017 | 28125040 |
| phytoliposome-based silibinin delivery system as a promising strategy to prevent hepatitis c virus infection. | liposomes are nanocarriers able to solubilize and deliver a wide range of hydrophobic pharmaceuticals and to increase drug bioavailability. they show a natural tendency to hepatic accumulation, and thus represent an optimal drug delivery system for the treatment of liver diseases, including chronic virus hepatitis c. silibinin, the main and more active component of the seed extract from silybum marianum, is a hydrophobic flavolignan emerging as an alternative medication for the treatment of hepa ... | 2016 | 27301203 |
| hepatitis c virus dynamics and cellular gene expression in upa-scid chimeric mice with humanized livers during intravenous silibinin monotherapy. | legalon sil (sil) is a chemically hydrophilized version of silibinin, an extract of milk thistle (silybum marianum) seeds that has exhibited hepatoprotective and antiviral effectiveness against hepatitis c virus (hcv) in patients leading to viral clearance in combination with ribavirin. to elucidate the incompletely understood mode of action of sil against hcv, mathematical modelling of hcv kinetics and human hepatocyte gene expression studies were performed in upa-scid-chimeric mice with humani ... | 2016 | 27272497 |
| adverse effects of herbal medicines: an overview of systematic reviews. | this overview of systematic reviews (srs) aims to evaluate critically the evidence regarding the adverse effects of herbal medicines (hms). five electronic databases were searched to identify all relevant srs, with 50 srs of 50 different hms meeting our inclusion criteria. most had only minor weaknesses in methods. serious adverse effects were noted only for four hms: herbae pulvis standardisatus, larrea tridentate, piper methysticum and cassia senna. the most severe adverse effects were liver o ... | 2013 | 23472485 |
| silymarin and hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic, comprehensive, and critical review. | the blessed milk thistle (silybum marianum l.), a flowering plant native to mediterranean europe, has been consumed and extensively used as a cure for various chronic liver ailments over several centuries. milk thistle extract, known as silymarin, is a complex mixture of seven major flavonolignans and one flavonoid. the phytoconstituents of silymarin owe their therapeutic and hepatoprotective effects to their strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. primary liver cancer, also known a ... | 2015 | 25603021 |
| anti-aging effects of some selected iranian folk medicinal herbs-biochemical evidences. | in the current study, the effects of selected folk medicinal herbs were evaluated in d-galactose-induced aging in male mice. | 2013 | 24494070 |
| botanicals and their bioactive phytochemicals for women's health. | botanical dietary supplements are increasingly popular for women's health, particularly for older women. the specific botanicals women take vary as a function of age. younger women will use botanicals for urinary tract infections, especially vaccinium macrocarpon (cranberry), where there is evidence for efficacy. botanical dietary supplements for premenstrual syndrome (pms) are less commonly used, and rigorous clinical trials have not been done. some examples include vitex agnus-castus (chastebe ... | 2016 | 27677719 |
| radionuclides: accumulation and transport in plants. | application of radioactive elements or radionuclides for anthropogenic use is a widespread phenomenon nowadays. radionuclides undergo radioactive decays releasing ionizing radiation like gamma ray(s) and/or alpha or beta particles that can displace electrons in the living matter (like in dna) and disturb its function. radionuclides are highly hazardous pollutants of considerable impact on the environment, food chain and human health. cleaning up of the contaminated environment through plants is ... | 2017 | 27300012 |
| [identification of traditional medicine "fructus arctii" by nuclear ribosomal dna its sequences]. | to identify the traditional medicine fructus arctii from its adulterants by its. | 2011 | 21585039 |
| "non-taxifolin" derived flavonolignans: phytochemistry and biology. | flavonolignans are plant natural products, composed of a flavonoid moiety and a lignan (phenylpropanoid) part. current literature focuses on flavonolignans formed from taxifolin and coniferyl alcohol as e.g. silybin and its congeners from fruit extract from the purple variety of the milk thistle (silybum marianum) denoted as "silymarin". this review describes chemistry and biological activity of so far neglected "non-taxifolin" based flavonolignans, derived from apigenin, luteolin, tricin, chrys ... | 2015 | 26429716 |
| hydnocarpin-type flavonolignans: semisynthesis and inhibitory effects on staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation. | a new, efficient, and general semisynthesis of hydnocarpin-type flavonolignans was developed and optimized, enabling gram-scale production of hydnocarpin d (2). moreover, the syntheses of optically pure hydnocarpin isomers [(10r,11r)-hydnocarpin (1a), (10r,11r)-hydnocarpin d (2a), and (10s,11s)-hydnocarpin d (2b)], as well as the synthesis of isohydnocarpin (8), were achieved for the first time utilizing this new method. the synthesis is based on the two-step transformation of the readily availa ... | 2015 | 26273725 |
| polyhydroxyanthraquinones as quorum sensing inhibitors from the guttates of penicillium restrictum and their analysis by desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. | the endophytic fungus penicillium restrictum was isolated from the stems of a milk thistle (silybum marianum) plant. in culture, the fungus produced distinct red guttates, which have been virtually uninvestigated, particularly from the standpoint of chemistry. hence, this study examined the chemical mycology of p. restrictum and, in doing so, uncovered a series of both known and new polyhydroxyanthraquinones (1-9). these compounds were quorum sensing inhibitors in a clinical isolate of methicill ... | 2014 | 24911880 |
| improvement in the function of isolated rat pancreatic islets through reduction of oxidative stress using traditional iranian medicine. | pancreatic islets have fewer antioxidant enzymes than other tissues and thus are vulnerable to oxidative stress. in the present study, the effects of nine specifically selected iranian medical plants on the mitochondria function and survival of isolated rat islets were examined. | 2014 | 24567945 |
| iranian medicinal plants for diabetes mellitus: a systematic review. | in the iranian traditional medicine a significant usage of herbs is promoted for their anti-diabetic activity. the aim of this review to assess the efficacy of glucose lowering effects of medicinal plants cultivated in iran. an electronic literature search of medline, science direct, embase, scopus, web of science, cochrane library database, ebsco and google scholar from database inception conducted up to may 2012. a total of 85 studies (18 humans and 67 animals) examining 62 plants were reviewe ... | 2013 | 24498803 |
| antioxidative, antiproliferative and biochemical effects in hepg2 cells of a homeopathic remedy and its constituent plant tinctures tested separately or in combination. | hepeel is a homeopathic remedy commonly used to treat primary and secondary functional disorders of the liver. it consists of highly diluted extracts from the following plants: chelidonium from chelidonium majus, l., carduus marianus from silybum marianum, l., veratrum from veratrum album l., colocynthis from citrullus colocynthis l., lycopodium from lycopodium clavatum l., nux moschata from myristica fragans, houtt, and china from cinchona pubescens, vahl. the antioxidative, antiproliferative a ... | 2003 | 14732962 |
| safety and efficacy of a polyherbal formulation for the management of dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia in patients with advanced-stage of type-2 diabetes. | the present clinical trial was designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a polyherbal formulation (phf) consisted of allium sativum, aloe vera, nigella sativa, plantago psyllium, silybum marianum and trigonella foenum-graecum for controlling dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia in patients with advanced-stage of type-2 diabetes. an open-label phase i trial was carried out on 30 patients who had hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia before the beginning of the trial in spite of receiving statins and o ... | 2017 | 28214690 |
| phenotyping studies to assess the effects of phytopharmaceuticals on in vivo activity of main human cytochrome p450 enzymes. | the extensive use of herbal drugs and their multiple components and modes of action suggests that they may also cause drug interactions by changing the activity of human cytochrome p450 enzymes. the purpose of the present review is to present the available data for the top 14 herbal drug sales in the u. s. studies describing the effects of herbal drugs on phenotyping substrates for individual cyps were identified by a comprehensive medline search. drugs included allium sativum (liliaceae), echin ... | 2012 | 22588833 |
| upregulation of phase ii enzymes through phytochemical activation of nrf2 protects cardiomyocytes against oxidant stress. | increased production of reactive oxygen species has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (cvd), and enhanced endogenous antioxidants have been proposed as a mechanism for regulating redox balance. nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (nrf2) is a transcriptional regulator of phase ii antioxidant enzymes, and activation of nrf2 has been suggested to be an important step in attenuating oxidative stress associated with cvd. a well-defined combination of five widely st ... | 2013 | 23201694 |
| antioxidant capacity of 55 medicinal herbs traditionally used to treat the urinary system: a comparison using a sequential three-solvent extraction process. | the prevalence of chronic renal disease exceeds 10% in industrialized societies. oxidative damage is thought to be one of the main mechanisms involved in nearly all chronic renal pathologies. | 2014 | 17309384 |
| a molecular docking study of phytochemical estrogen mimics from dietary herbal supplements. | the purpose of this study is to use a molecular docking approach to identify potential estrogen mimics or anti-estrogens in phytochemicals found in popular dietary herbal supplements. | 2015 | 25878948 |
| plant-based medicines for anxiety disorders, part 2: a review of clinical studies with supporting preclinical evidence. | research in the area of herbal psychopharmacology has revealed a variety of promising medicines that may provide benefit in the treatment of general anxiety and specific anxiety disorders. however, a comprehensive review of plant-based anxiolytics has been absent to date. thus, our aim was to provide a comprehensive narrative review of plant-based medicines that have clinical and/or preclinical evidence of anxiolytic activity. we present the article in two parts. in part one, we reviewed herbal ... | 2013 | 23653088 |
| a review of plants used in the treatment of liver disease: part two. | botanical medicines have been used traditionally by herbalists and indigenous healers worldwide for the prevention and treatment of liver disease. clinical research in this century has confirmed the efficacy of several plants in the treatment of liver disease, while basic scientific research has uncovered the mechanisms by which some plants provide their therapeutic effects. this article is part two in a review of botanicals used in the treatment of liver disease. curcuma longa (turmeric), camel ... | 1999 | 10383482 |
| investigation of compositions and effect of herbal essential oils local silybum marianum, foeniculum vulgare and glycyrrhiza glabra on cell line of stomach cancer by mtt assays in ardabil, iran. | | 2016 | 27678921 |
| efficacy of pre- and post-treatment by topical formulations containing dissolved and suspended silybum marianum against uvb-induced oxidative stress in guinea pig and on hacat keratinocytes. | plants with high amounts of antioxidants may be a promising therapy for preventing and curing uv-induced oxidative skin damage. the objective of this study was to verify the efficacy of topical formulations containing dissolved and suspended silybum marianum extract against uvb-induced oxidative stress in guinea pig and hacat keratinocytes. herbal extract was dissolved in transcutol hp (tc) and sucrose-esters were incorporated as penetration enhancers in creams. biocompatibility of compositions ... | 2016 | 27669200 |
| biological analysis of herbal medicines used for the treatment of liver diseases. | herbal medicines have been used to treat liver disorders for thousands of years in the east and have now become a promising therapy internationally for pathological liver conditions. biological analysis of hepatoprotective herbs is an important issue from the pharmacokinetic perspective in developing new therapeutic managements for liver disease. the biological analysis focuses on the pretreatment methods, separation and quantification of herbal medicines in biological samples. we have compiled ... | 2011 | 21204110 |
| different anti-adipogenic effects of bio-compounds on primary visceral pre-adipocytes and adipocytes. | several natural compounds exhibit strong capacity for decreasing triglyceride accumulation, enhancing lipolysis and inducing apoptosis. the present study reports the anti-adipogenic effects of silybum marianum (sl), citrus aurantium (ca), taraxacum officinale (to), resveratrol (re), curcuma longa (cu), caffeine (cf), oleuropein (ol) and docosahexaenoic acid (dha) in reducing differentiation and increasing lipolysis and apoptosis. analyses were performed on human primary visceral pre-adipocytes a ... | 2016 | 27540349 |
| anti-aging potential of phytoextract loaded-pharmaceutical creams for human skin cell longetivity. | the exposure to ultraviolet radiations (uvr) is the key source of skin sunburn; it may produce harmful entities, reactive oxygen species (ros), leading to aging. the skin can be treated and protected from the injurious effects of ros by using various pharmaceutical formulations, such as cream. cream can be loaded with antioxidants to quench ros leading to photo-protective effects. moreover, modern medicines depend on ethnobotanicals for protection or treatment of human diseases. this review arti ... | 2015 | 26448818 |
| differences in the disposition of silymarin between patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and chronic hepatitis c. | silymarin, derived from the milk thistle plant silybum marianum and widely used for self-treatment of liver diseases, is composed of six major flavonolignans including silybin a and silybin b, which are the predominant flavonolignans quantified in human plasma. the single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of silymarin flavonolignans were examined in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (nafld) or hepatitis c virus (hcv) to determine whether the disposition of silymarin and therefore ... | 2011 | 21865319 |
| effects of silybum marianum on patients with chronic hepatitis c. | silymarin derived from silybum marianum (milk thistle), a flowering member of the daisy family, may benefit liver function in people infected with the hepatitis c virus. the aims of this pilot study were to assess the efficacy and safety of silymarin on serum hepatitis c virus (hcv) rna, serum aminotransferases (alt, ast) levels, liver fibrosis and well-being in patients with chronic hepatitis c (chc). | 2011 | 22091246 |
| phytotherapy and nafld--from goals and challenges to clinical practice. | non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (nafld) is a global problem and one of the most common liver diseases in the world. various pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies seem to be non-effective and the patients are often advised not to expect a positive outcome. hence, even in the modern western society many patients reach for traditional herbal products. silymarin, a lipophilic extract derived from milk thistle (silybum marianum) has been used in liver and bile disorders for centuries. s ... | 2014 | 25514914 |
| hepatoprotective effect of flavonoids from cirsium japonicum dc on hepatotoxicity in comparison with silymarin. | cirsium japonicum dc is a perennial plant that is widely distributed throughout china. flavonoids are the major active constituents of c. japonicum, which has been reported to possess many bioactivities. this study was designed to investigate the protective effects of flavonoids from c. japonicum against liver injury using carbon tetrachloride (ccl4)-induced hepatocyte injury, with silymarin as a positive control. silymarin is a mixture of flavonoids from silybum marianum, a traditional european ... | 2016 | 27094923 |
| identification of 23-(s)-2-amino-3-phenylpropanoyl-silybin as an antiviral agent for influenza a virus infection in vitro and in vivo. | it has been reported that autophagy is involved in the replication of many viruses. in this study, we screened 89 medicinal plants, using an assay based on the inhibition of the formation of the atg12-atg5/atg16 heterotrimer, an important regulator of autophagy, and selected silybum marianum l. for further study. an antiviral assay indicated that silybin (s0), the major active compound of s. marianum l., can inhibit influenza a virus (iav) infection. we later synthesized 5 silybin derivatives (s ... | 2013 | 23836164 |
| the protective effect of silymarin on the carbon tetrachloride (ccl4)-induced liver injury in common carp (cyprinus carpio). | silymarin, a mixture of bioactive flavonolignans from the milk thistle (silybum marianum), is traditionally used in herbal medicine to defend against various hepatotoxic agents. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective effect of silymarin against carbon tetrachloride (ccl4)-induced liver injury in fish. common carp, with an average initial weight of 17.0 ± 1.1 g, were fed diet containing four doses of silymarin (0, 0.1, 0.5, and 1 g/kg diet) for 60 d. fish were then given an i ... | 2013 | 23435858 |
| an ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by the local people of alaşehir (manisa) in turkey. | this paper represents the first large-scale ethnobotanical study in the alaşehir and its surrounding (manisa/turkey). there are scarcely any studies for using plants. there is urgency in recording such data. this is the first ethnobotanical study in which statistical calculations about plants are done by icf (informant consensus factor) method. this study aimed to identify plants collected for medicinal purposes by the local people of alaşehir, located in the aegean region of turkey, and to docu ... | 2013 | 24126062 |
| [effect of compound zhajin granule on toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis mice]. | to observe the effect of compound zhajin granule (czg) on toll-like re-ceptor 4 (tlr4) signaling pathway in high-fructose corn syrup induced nash mice. | 2016 | 27323620 |
| [flavonoids: risks or therapeutic opportunities?]. | flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds that occur ubiquitously in fruits and vegetables. over 4,000 different flavonoids have been described, and they are categorized into flavonols, flavones, catechins, flavanones, anthocyanidins and isoflavonoids. flavonoids have many different biological effects in numerous mammalian cell systems, showed both in vitro and in vivo. recently, much attention has been paid to their antioxidant properties and to their inhibitory role in various stages of tumour dev ... | 2007 | 15303543 |
| pannorin b, a new naphthopyrone from an endophytic fungal isolate of penicillium sp. | | 2016 | 26365944 |
| modulation of calcium signaling of angiotensin at1, endothelin eta, and etb receptors by silibinin, quercetin, crocin, diallyl sulfides, and ginsenoside rb1. | angiotensin ii and endothelin-1 are potent vasoconstrictive peptides that play a central role in blood pressure regulation. both peptides exert their pleiotropic effects via binding to their respective g-protein-coupled receptors, i.e., angiotensin at1 and endothelin type a and type b receptors. in the present study, we have selected six structurally different plant-derived compounds with known cardioprotective properties to evaluate their ability to modulate calcium signaling of the above-menti ... | 2015 | 25519917 |
| the potential of native species as bioenergy crops on trace-element contaminated mediterranean lands. | the establishment of energy crops could be an option for the management of degraded and contaminated lands, where they would not compete with food production for land use. here, we aimed to explore the potential of certain native mediterranean species for the revegetation of contaminated lands for energy production purposes. a field survey was conducted in a trace-element (te) contaminated area from sw spain, where the patterns of biomass production, te accumulation and the calorific value of so ... | 2017 | 28288419 |