| histochemical demonstration of certain testicular enzymes of the indian langur, presbytis entellus entellus dufresne. | | 1974 | 4281252 |
| male-male competition and infanticide among the langurs (presbytis entellus) of abu, rajasthan. | | 1974 | 4215710 |
| acoustical communication among free-ranging common indian langurs (presbytis entellus) in two different habitats of north india. | | 1973 | 4632092 |
| the primary structures of the alpha and beta polypeptide chains of adult hemoglobin of the hanumam langur (presbytis entellus). | | 1973 | 4205760 |
| xx male presbytis entellus? a retrospective study. | | 1972 | 4624915 |
| reproductive systems of the north indian langur (presbytis entellus entellus dufresne). | | 1971 | 5002932 |
| the pituitary gland of the north indian langur (presbytis entellus entellus dufrèsne). | | 1971 | 4111531 |
| effect of exogenous gonadotropins on the ovary of juvenile langurs, presbytis entellus entellus dufresne. | | 1969 | 4982634 |
| studies on menstrual cycles and other related phenomena in the langur (presbytis entellus entellus). | | 1969 | 4982885 |
| diet and dietary-niche breadth of diurnal rain forest primates in the central western ghats, india. | we studied the feeding ecology of 3 sympatric primate species, the lion-tailed macaque (macaca silenus), bonnet macaque (macaca radiata) and hanuman langur (semnopithecus entellus), in a tropical rain forest of the central western ghats, india. since the availability of leaves is much higher than that of fruits, we expected that the primarily folivorous langurs would use a larger number of resources than the primarily frugivorous macaques. since fruits are a relatively total resource, unlike lea ... | 2011 | 22472629 |
| folivory as a constraint on social behaviour of langurs in south india. | folivory, being a dietary constraint, can affect the social time of colobines. in the present study, we compared food items and activity budgets of two closely related species of colobines inhabiting south india, i.e. the hanuman langur (semnopithecus hypoleucos) and nilgiri langur (semnopithecus johnii), to determine whether folivory had an impact on social time in these species. our study established that nilgiri langurs were more folivorous than hanuman langurs. nilgiri langurs spent much les ... | 2015 | 26431447 |
| delineating ecological boundaries of hanuman langur species complex in peninsular india using maxent modeling approach. | hanuman langur is one of the widely distributed and extensively studied non-human diurnal primates in india. until recently it was believed to be a single species - semnopithecus entellus. recent molecular and morphological studies suggest that the hanuman langurs consists of at least three species s. entellus, s. hypoleucos and s. priam. furthermore, morphological studies suggested that both s. hypoleucos and s. priam have at least three subspecies in each. we explored the use of ecological nic ... | 2014 | 24498377 |
| paternity analysis of alternative male reproductive routes among the langurs (semnopithecus entellus) of ramnagar. | because primate males usually invest very little in offspring, male reproductive success will mainly be determined by access to fertile females with differences in access leading to differential male reproductive success. to determine the outcome of alternative male reproductive routes, we investigated a wild population of hanuman langurs at ramnagar, south nepal, where groups were either one-male or multimale. paternity was established by dna analysis from faeces for 42 infants in five groups. ... | 2001 | 11170696 |
| on folivory, competition, and intelligence: generalisms, overgeneralizations, and models of primate evolution. | considerations of primate behavioral evolution often proceed by assuming the ecological and competitive milieus of particular taxa via their relative exploitation of gross food types, such as fruits versus leaves. although this "fruit/leaf dichotomy" has been repeatedly criticized, it continues to be implicitly invoked in discussions of primate socioecology and female social relationships and is explicitly invoked in models of brain evolution. an expanding literature suggests that such views hav ... | 2013 | 23263563 |
| effects of cannabis sativa extract on testicular function of presbytis entellus entellus. | | 1981 | 7232558 |
| habitat utilization and feeding biology of himalayan grey langur (semnopithecus entellus ajex) in machiara national park, azad jammu and kashmir, pakistan. | habitat utilization and feeding biology of himalayan grey langur (semnopithecus entellus ajex) were studied from april, 2006 to april, 2007 in machiara national park, azad jammu and kashmir, pakistan. the results showed that in the winter season the most preferred habitat of the langurs was the moist temperate coniferous forests interspersed with deciduous trees, while in the summer season they preferred to migrate into the subalpine scrub forests at higher altitudes. langurs were folivorous in ... | 2010 | 20545008 |
| optimal foraging on the roof of the world: himalayan langurs and the classical prey model. | optimal foraging theory has only been sporadically applied to nonhuman primates. the classical prey model, modified for patch choice, predicts a sliding "profitability threshold" for dropping patch types from the diet, preference for profitable foods, dietary niche breadth reduction as encounter rates increase, and that exploitation of a patch type is unrelated to its own abundance. we present results from a 1-year study testing these predictions with himalayan langurs (semnopithecus entellus) a ... | 2010 | 19844998 |
| head rotations in the play of hanuman langurs (semnopithecus entellus): description and analysis of function. | although head rotations are frequent patterns in play behavior in many mammalian species and differ from head movements used in other contexts, they have not been quantitatively described and their function remains unclear. the head rotations occurring in the play behavior of free-ranging hanuman langurs (semnopithecus entellus) were described from videotaped sequences. the authors tested 2 possible hypotheses about their function. either the head rotations serve to create unexpected situations ... | 2008 | 18298276 |
| hormonal correlates of reproductive seasonality in wild female hanuman langurs (presbytis entellus). | to date, it is not known whether the seasonal occurrence of sexual behavior and mating in free-ranging hanuman langurs at ramnagar, nepal, is correlated with seasonal changes in female ovarian function, and, if so, which factor(s) triggers the onset of the reproductive period. using noninvasive fecal hormone analysis in combination with behavioral observations, this study was carried out to: 1) investigate and characterize seasonal patterns of ovarian cyclicity and timing of conception in wild l ... | 2000 | 10830795 |
| variation in langur social organization in relation to the socioecological model, human habitat alteration, and phylogenetic constraints. | the socioecological model is to date the best evolutionary model to explain variation in primate behaviour. some species or populations, however, deviate from the predictions. these deviations may be due to a disequilibrium between evolutionary causes and behavioural adaptations, caused by recent human changes of the environment. the relationship between human habitat alteration and primate social behaviour is reviewed and investigated for langurs. provisioning affects the spatial distribution o ... | 1999 | 23179541 |
| our experience with experimentalwuchereria bancrofti infection in indian langur (presbytis entellus). | | 1997 | 23100893 |
| ecology of female social relationships: hanuman langurs (presbytis entellus) and the van schaik model. | the ecological model of carel van schaik provides clear predictions for female-female relationships in relation to scramble or contest within-group competition and contest between-group competition. these predictions were applied to data from a 12-year field study on hanuman langurs (presbytis entellus) that ranged freely around jodhpur (india). it appears that hierarchical relationships between females (unstable, inconsistent, individualistic, with low rates of agonistic coalitions) reflect scr ... | 1993 | 8144107 |
| use of resources by free-ranging female langurs (presbytis entellus) during different reproductive phases. | | 1992 | 1306178 |
| range use of gray langurs in highland nepal. | a 16-month study of foraging and ranging among gray langurs (presbytis entellus) in the nepal himalaya revealed that these animals range over larger areas than other gray langurs so far studied and that they show great seasonal differences in foraging and ranging. a summer monsoon and winter dry season characterize the himalayan climate. during summer, broadleaf forest provides the basic foraging substrate for the langurs, and when its resources fail during the winter dry season, they radically ... | 1982 | 7095656 |
| effects of danazol on the epididymal function in male langurs (presbytis entellus entellus dufresne). | danazol (28 mg/kg body weight) was administered intramuscularly (i.m.) to intact langurs for a period of 48 days. epididymides weight showed no significant change but tubular lumina were devoid of spermatozoa. these effects were reversible after 180 days of recovery period. possible antiandrogenic action of the drug was evaluated by administering danazol in conjunction with testosterone propionate (tp) (0.7 mg/kg body weight) to castrated langurs. biochemical estimations for total protein and si ... | 2013 | 7283185 |
| effects of ca on the epididymis of intact, castrated and tp-treated langurs (presbytis entellus entellus dufresne). | | 1981 | 6457750 |
| troop male membership changes and infant killing in langurs (presbytis entellus). | almost all studies of presbytis entellus have resulted in observations of troop male membership changes. reports from three studies indicate that in some cases troop male membership change occurs through rapid and complete adult male replacement with attendant infant mortality. data from other investigations of p. entellus show or suggest a different pattern of troop male membership change with no infant mortality. the phenomena of infant killing and rapid male replacement are evaluated on the b ... | 1979 | 118911 |
| splitting in presbytis entellusgroups. | four bisexual groups (three multimale and one unimale) of presbytis entellus were observed from september, 1985 to april, 1987. the multimale groups were found at areas where there was high density of monkeys as compared to area where the unimale group was found. these four groups split only after a takeover by a member of an all-male group. each of the three multimale groups divided into one unimale and one all-male group. the all-male groups which caused these splits left the area after one of ... | 1990 | 24896917 |
| why mothers do not resist infanticide: a cost-benefit genetic model. | infanticide has recently been observed in several primate species while female counterstrategies are seemingly rare. the question of why mothers do not increase their resistance to infanticide is investigated using a haploid two-locus model. a hypothesis that mothers can recover lost offspring by gaining more grandchildren is rejected in most cases, and it is shown that costs and benefits for both males and females have the strongest influence on the evolution of infanticide and obedience to it. ... | 1990 | 28563893 |
| chemical sterilization of male langurs: synergistic action of alpha-chlorohydrin (u-5897) with methallibure (ici, 33828) on the testes and epididymides of presbytis entellus entellus dufresne. | 1. synergistic action of alpha-chlorohydrin with methallibure (ici, 33828) on the testicular function of presbytis entellus entellus dufresne has been studied. 2. chronic administration of alpha-chlorohydrin alone (140 mg/day for 40 days) caused testicular lesion resulting in a massive atrophy of the spermatogenic elements. epididymal epithelium was regressed and the lumen was devoid of spermatozoa. 3. alpha-chlorohydrin inhibited the synthesis of rna and sialic acid in the testes and epididymid ... | 1977 | 410636 |
| semen characteristics of gossypol-treated langurs (presbytis entellus entellus dufresne). | gossypol isolated from cottonseed was fed to sexually adult male langurs at 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight per day for 90 days. semen was collected every 2 wk, and the observations made on semen characteristics showed gossypol's detrimental effect. the gossypol administration caused a significant decline in percent sperm cells motility and a significant rise in abnormalities. the semen characteristics returned to normal levels during a 180-day recovery period following the discontinuation of gossy ... | 1984 | 6537746 |
| life history of hanuman langurs (presbytis entellus). reproductive parameters, infant mortality, and troop development. | longitudinal data of reproductive parameters from two langur troops (presbytis entellus) at jodhpur, rajasthan, india, are presented. females can reach menarche at approximately 29 months of age and conceive about 5 months later. gestation length is about 200 days, average cycling length is 24 days, and mean interbirth interval 15.3 months. postpartum amenorrhea, which ranges from 80-140 days will be reduced to 23-80 days in cases of stillbirths or early losses of infants, a fact that bears cons ... | 1984 | 6500408 |
| immature male and adult male interactions in bisexual langur (presbytis entellus) troops. | one bisexual troop of langurs (presbytis entellus) was intensively investigated for 32 months at the junbesi-ringmo study site in nepal. observations occurred during three separate studies and span a period of 6 years. all members of the study troop could be individually recognized throughout the three studies. during this investigation data were collected on immature male (from birth to 5 years of age) social relations with adult males. social relations between these two classes of males varied ... | 1982 | 7095660 |
| the effects of cadmium chloride on testis and epididymis of the indian hanuman langur, presbytis entellus entellus dufresne. | administration of single sub-lethal dose (12 mg/kg body wt.) of cadmium chloride neutralizes endogenous hormonal activity in th male indian hanuman langur (presbytis entellus entellus), resulting in a marked decrease in the production of androgens and subsequent reduction in the weights of sex accessory glands. cadmium chloride in low dose (4 mg/kg body wt.) failed to bring about any significant change in the weights of excised tissue but did change biochemical composition and histo-architecture ... | 1976 | 829013 |
| chromosome complements of two species of primates: cynopithecus niger and presbytis entellus. | forty-two chromosomes were counted from expanded cultured cells of four celebes apes, cynopithecus niger. mitotic cells from three indian langurs, presbytis entellus, contained 44 chromosomes. these counts support cytogenetically the taxonomical classification of these animals according to simpson. | 1964 | 14173035 |
| riverine barrier effects on population genetic structure of the hanuman langur (semnopithecus entellus) in the nepal himalaya. | past climatological events and contemporary geophysical barriers shape the distribution, population genetic structure, and evolutionary history of many organisms. the himalayan region, frequently referred to as the third pole of the earth, has experienced large-scale climatic oscillations in the past and bears unique geographic, topographic, and climatic areas. the influences of the pleistocene climatic fluctuations and present-day geographical barriers such as rivers in shaping the demographic ... | 2018 | 30382913 |
| functional decline of sweet taste sensitivity of colobine monkeys. | for many primates, sweet taste is palatable and is an indicator that the food contains carbohydrates, such as sugars and starches, as energy sources. however, we have found that asian colobine monkeys (lutungs and langurs) have low sensitivity to various natural sugars. sweet tastes are recognized when compounds bind to the sweet taste receptor tas1r2/tas1r3 in the oral cavity; accordingly, we conducted a functional assay using a heterologous expression system to evaluate the responses of javan ... | 2018 | 30191350 |
| assessment of female reproductive status in captive-housed hanuman langurs (presbytis entellus) by measurement of urinary and fecal steroid excretion patterns. | the study reports on the use of urinary and fecal hormone measurements for monitoring female reproductive status in captive-housed hanuman langurs (presbytis entellus). matched urine and fecal samples collected throughout 7 complete menstrual cycles of two females, and during part of one pregnancy in a third female were analyzed. estrone conjugates (e1c) and immunoreactive pregnanediol glucuronide (pdg) in urine and immunoreactive estradiol (e2), progesterone (p4), pregnanediol (pd) and 20α-hydr ... | 1995 | 31936958 |
| cycles, sexuality, and conception in free-ranging langurs (presbytis entellus). | reproductive parameters and sexual behavior of free-ranging hanuman langurs (presbytis entellus) were studied over a 13-year period at jodhpur, india in a population that breeds throughout the year. long-term monitoring of individually identified females living in one-male-multi-female troops revealed a mean cycle length of 24.1 days (n = 113), a mean gestation of 200.3 days (n = 31), menarche at 29.0 months (n = 10), first conception at 35.0 months (n = 12), and a mean birth interval of 16.7 mo ... | 1992 | 31941223 |
| patterns of reproduction and mortality in two captive colonies of hanuman langur monkeys (presbytis entellus). | longitudinal reproductive and mortality data collected from two colonies of hanuman langur monkeys (presbytis entellus) in california (university of california, berkeley; san diego zoo) are presented. approximately 10 years of data from each facility reveal that langur monkey females reach reproductive maturity between 3 and 5 years and have median birth intervals, following the birth of a live infant that survives beyond 9 months, of approximately 15.5 months. births are not seasonal at either ... | 1988 | 31968899 |
| normal serum biochemical values of cercopithecus aethiops, cercocebus atys, and presbytis entellus. | | 1972 | 4343325 |
| seasonality of group size, feeding, and breeding in wild red-shanked douc langurs (lao pdr). | in asian colobines, small one-male groups (omg) seem to predominate alongside all-male groups (amg), while larger multimale groups (mmg) are rare, but are reported for hanuman langurs and red-shanked douc langurs. recently, however, it has been speculated that the genus pygathrix could have multilevel societies based on (1) a theoretical extension of the multilevel societies found in rhinopithecus to all odd-nosed colobines and (2) first data for black-shanked douc langurs. this assumes bands co ... | 2011 | 21769909 |
| take-over and infanticide in south indian hanuman langurs (presbytis entellus). | a take-over and infanticide were observed in a south indian population of hanuman langurs (presbytis entellus). a one-male, bisexual troop of langurs (troop b1) was attacked by a band of two adult males and one subadult male. during the take-over, the resident male and one elderly female were driven from the troop. the youngest infant, about two months old, was fatally wounded by an attack from the dominant incoming male (s1). however, other young infants in troop b1 were left unharmed. all thre ... | 1993 | 31941177 |
| conservation note: socioecology and conservation of macaques and langurs in varanasi, india. | a survey of rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) and hanuman langurs (presbytis entellus) was conducted in urban and forest areas of varanasi, india. data were collected on group size and composition. nine groups of rhesus monkeys inhabited various urban niches, but langurs were completely absent from urban areas. approximately 159 rhesus monkeys and 720 langurs lived in the forested area. both the urban and the forested habitats of this area are being reduced in size, and it is suggested that these ... | 1982 | 32188177 |