| ectoparasites from feral pigeons affecting humans. | feral pigeons pose a considerable health risk to the human population. they are vectors of infectious diseases and source of antigens causing allergic diseases. breeding and roosting sites of pigeons harbor parasites that may infest humans. in the present article, a concomitant parasitization of a young female with 3 different ectoparasites, the bedbug cimex lectularius, the pigeon tick argas reflexus and the red mite dermanyssus gallinae, is reported. the parasites invaded the apartment from a ... | 2010 | 20016127 |
| characterization of the antennal olfactory system of the bed bug (cimex lectularius). | the common bed bug cimex lectularius (hemiptera; cimicidae) is a temporary ectoparasite on humans that is currently reinvading the developed countries. like other haematophagous arthropods, host seeking and orientation in c. lectularius is partially mediated by olfaction. in this study, we reconfirmed the distribution of the 44 olfactory sensilla and identified 3 different sensillum types located at the distal tip of c. lectularius antenna by external morphology mapping. using a panel of relevan ... | 2010 | 20032111 |
| from the cover: drinking a hot blood meal elicits a protective heat shock response in mosquitoes. | the mosquito's body temperature increases dramatically when it takes a blood meal from a warm-blooded, vertebrate host. by using the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti, we demonstrate that this boost in temperature following a blood meal prompts the synthesis of heat shock protein 70 (hsp70). this response, elicited by the temperature of the blood meal, is most robust in the mosquito's midgut. when rna interference is used to suppress expression of hsp70, protein digestion of the blood meal is ... | 2011 | 21518875 |
| wolbachia as a bacteriocyte-associated nutritional mutualist. | many insects are dependent on bacterial symbionts that provide essential nutrients (ex. aphid-buchnera and tsetse-wiglesworthia associations), wherein the symbionts are harbored in specific cells called bacteriocytes that constitute a symbiotic organ bacteriome. facultative and parasitic bacterial symbionts like wolbachia have been regarded as evolutionarily distinct from such obligate nutritional mutualists. however, we discovered that, in the bedbug cimex lectularius, wolbachia resides in a ba ... | 2010 | 20080750 |
| a bioassay for studying behavioural responses of the common bed bug, cimex lectularius (hemiptera: cimicidae) to bed bug-derived volatiles. | the common bed bug, cimex lectularius (hemiptera: cimicidae), has recently re-emerged in increasing numbers, distribution and intensity of infestation in many countries. current control relies on the application of residual pesticides; but, due to the development of insecticide resistance, there is a need for new tools and techniques. semiochemicals (behaviour and physiology modifying chemicals) could be exploited for management of bed bugs. however, in order to identify semiochemicals that can ... | 2011 | 20102661 |
| bedbugs as vectors for drug-resistant bacteria. | to the editor: over the past 10 years in north america and western europe, a resurgence of bedbugs (cimex lectularius) has occurred (1). although the basis for this resurgence is unclear, large bedbug infestations have been attributed to increased worldwide travel, altered insecticide management, and increased resistance to pesticides (2). marginalized populations in large urban centers appear to be disproportionately affected; ~30% of shelters in toronto, ontario, canada, report bedbugs (1). we ... | 2011 | 21749792 |
| [bedbug dermatitis (cimex lectularius)]. | | 2010 | 20110070 |
| bed bugs can cause severe anaemia in adults. | a 60-year-old woman and her 67-year-old male partner, admitted for pneumonia and non-st elevation myocardial infarction, respectively, had severe anaemia (hb 5.3 and 5.2 g/dl, respectively), as a result from massive infestation with cimex lectularius. after two erythrocyte transfusions and thorough decontamination, their clinical course was unremarkable. | 2011 | 22190128 |
| practical solutions for treating laundry infested with cimex lectularius (hemiptera: cimicidae). | the common bed bug, cimex lectularius (l.) (hemiptera: cimicidae) is known to become associated, from time to time, with clothing or linen. in such locations, it may escape insecticide treatment, and may be carried to new locations. we test the suggestion that laundering is sufficient to kill all life stages and thus help prevent reinfestation and dispersion. we establish minimum temperatures for washing and minimum temperatures and times for tumble-drying, as well as testing cold soaking, dry c ... | 2010 | 20214378 |
| acute illnesses associated with insecticides used to control bed bugs--seven states, 2003--2010. | the common bed bug, cimex lectularius, is a wingless, reddish-brown insect that requires blood meals from humans, other mammals, or birds to survive. bed bugs are not considered to be disease vectors, but they can reduce quality of life by causing anxiety, discomfort, and sleeplessness. bed bug populations and infestations are increasing in the united states and internationally. bed bug infestations often are treated with insecticides, but insecticide resistance is a problem, and excessive use o ... | 2011 | 21937972 |
| widespread distribution of knockdown resistance mutations in the bed bug, cimex lectularius (hemiptera: cimicidae), populations in the united states. | we previously reported high deltamethrin resistance in bed bugs, cimex lectularius, collected from multiple areas of the united states (romero et al., 2007). recently, two mutations, the valine to leucine mutation (v419l) and the leucine to isoleucine mutation (l925i) in voltage-gated sodium channel alpha-subunit gene, had been identified to be responsible for knockdown resistance (kdr) to deltamethrin in bed bugs collected from new york (yoon et al., 2008). the current study was undertaken to i ... | 2010 | 20301216 |
| circadian rhythm of spontaneous locomotor activity in the bed bug, cimex lectularius l. | bed bugs must avoid detection when finding hosts and returning to hidden harborages. their stealthy habits include foraging when hosts are asleep. characteristics of spontaneous locomotor activity rhythm of bed bugs with different feeding histories were studied. in the absence of host stimuli, adults and nymphs were much more active in the dark than in the light. the onset of activity in the scotophase commenced soon after lights-off. the free-running period (tau) for all stages was longer in co ... | 2010 | 20452356 |
| insecticide-resistance in bed-bugs. | a simple method of measuring insecticide-resistance in bed-bugs is described. batches of adult bugs are put on small pieces of filter-paper impregnated with oil solutions of insecticides, and mortality is estimated after 5 days at 25 degrees c.in both cimex lectularius and c. hemipterus, two kinds of resistance can develop, either independently or in conjunction. one involves ddt, methoxychlor and analogues; it cannot be overcome by the addition of dmc. the other involves gamma-bhc, dieldrin and ... | 1958 | 20604028 |
| human fine body hair enhances ectoparasite detection. | although we are relatively naked in comparison with other primates, the human body is covered in a layer of fine hair (vellus and terminal hair) at a relatively high follicular density. there are relatively few explanations for the evolutionary maintenance of this type of human hair. here, we experimentally test the hypothesis that human fine body hair plays a defensive function against ectoparasites (bed bugs). our results show that fine body hair enhances the detection of ectoparasites through ... | 2011 | 22171023 |
| establishment of quantitative sequencing and filter contact vial bioassay for monitoring pyrethroid resistance in the common bed bug, cimex lectularius. | two point mutations (v419l and l925i) in the voltage-sensitive sodium channel alpha-subunit gene have been identified in deltamethrin-resistant bed bugs. a quantitative sequencing (qs) protocol was developed to establish a population-based genotyping method as a molecular resistance-monitoring tool based on the frequency of the two mutations. the nucleotide signal ratio at each mutation site was generated from sequencing chromatograms and plotted against the corresponding resistance allele frequ ... | 2010 | 20695274 |
| lxxxii. notes on the development of bacillus pestis in bugs (cimex lectularius) and their power to convey infection. | | 1915 | 20474605 |
| effectiveness of bed bug monitors for detecting and trapping bed bugs in apartments. | bed bugs, cimex lectularius l., are now considered a serious urban pest in the united states. because they are small and difficult to find, there has been strong interest in developing and using monitoring tools to detect bed bugs and evaluate the results of bed bug control efforts. several bed bug monitoring devices were developed recently, but their effectiveness is unknown. we comparatively evaluated three active monitors that contain attractants: cdc3000, nightwatch, and a home-made dry ice ... | 2011 | 21404868 |
| bed bugs, public health, and social justice: part 1, a call to action. | the resurgence of bed bugs poses an urgent situation since infestations are rampant globally, nationally, and locally. in ohio, bed bugs have become a virtual epidemic in many towns and cities, especially in central and southwestern regions of the state. these blood-feeding insects cause an array of adverse health effects in humans. furthermore, bed bugs disproportionately occur in urban areas, and housing and the built environment are now recognized as dominant influences on health. bed bugs' p ... | 2011 | 21488465 |
| bed bugs, public health, and social justice: part 2, an opinion survey. | bed bug infestations have resurged globally, nationally, and locally, yet the public health community in the u.s. has yet to mount a coordinated response to the escalating bed bug problem. surveys of attendees at the 2009 national environmental health association annual educational conference & exhibition, 2009 ohio association of health commissioners fall conference, 2009 central ohio bed bug summit, and 2010 hamilton county council on aging annual conference were conducted to gauge opinions ab ... | 2011 | 21488466 |
| resistance differences between chlorpyrifos and synthetic pyrethroids in cimex lectularius population from denmark. | bed bug, cimex lectularius l., populations were investigated for resistance against permethrin and chlorpyrifos in a topical application bioassay, after an initial establishment of a discriminating dose with a susceptible population. for both insecticides, ca. two times the lethal dose ld(99) was selected: 2,560 ng of permethrin and 200 ng of chlorpyrifos per bed bug, respectively. bed bugs were collected from infested homes in denmark at ten locations and bred in the laboratory. the frequency o ... | 2011 | 21626157 |
| male mating rate is constrained by seminal fluid availability in bedbugs, cimex lectularius. | sexual selection, differences in reproductive success between individuals, continues beyond acquiring a mating partner and affects ejaculate size and composition (sperm competition). sperm and seminal fluid have very different roles in sperm competition but both components encompass production costs for the male. theoretical models predict that males should spend ejaculate components prudently and differently for sperm and seminal fluid but empirical evidence for independent variation of sperm n ... | 2011 | 21779378 |
| bedbugs: an update on recognition and management. | the common bedbug (cimex lectularius) is increasingly prevalent and a source of concern and questions for patients. in addition to a range of cutaneous presentations and potential for serious sequelae, bedbug bites cause significant psychological distress and create an economic burden associated with infestation control. recognition of characteristic entomology, clinical presentation, diagnostic features and differential diagnosis can support expedient identification of patients exposed to infes ... | 2011 | 21833462 |
| laboratory identification of arthropod ectoparasites. | the collection, handling, identification, and reporting of ectoparasitic arthropods in clinical and reference diagnostic laboratories are discussed in this review. included are data on ticks, mites, lice, fleas, myiasis-causing flies, and bed bugs. the public health importance of these organisms is briefly discussed. the focus is on the morphological identification and proper handling and reporting of cases involving arthropod ectoparasites, particularly those encountered in the united states. o ... | 2014 | 24396136 |
| Multiple traumatic insemination events reduce the ability of bed bug females to maintain water balance. | To examine how traumatic insemination, a wounding process to females inflicted by males during copulation, reduces the longevity of females of the bedbug, Cimex lectularius, we assessed if multiple bouts of mating impact water relations of females by measuring net transpiration water loss rates. Our studies show that net transpiration rate of females correlates with frequency of mating (small increase after exposure to low numbers of males; large increase after exposure to large numbers of males ... | 2011 | 21858473 |
| Psychological Effects of Bed Bug Attacks (Cimex lectularius L.). | In some individuals, psychological sequelae resulting from bed bug biting events include nightmares, flashbacks, hypervigilance (to keep the bugs away), insomnia, anxiety, avoidance behaviors, and personal dysfunction. These symptoms are suggestive of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). | 2012 | 22195533 |
| unique features of a global human ectoparasite identified through sequencing of the bed bug genome. | the bed bug, cimex lectularius, has re-established itself as a ubiquitous human ectoparasite throughout much of the world during the past two decades. this global resurgence is likely linked to increased international travel and commerce in addition to widespread insecticide resistance. analyses of the c. lectularius sequenced genome (650 mb) and 14,220 predicted protein-coding genes provide a comprehensive representation of genes that are linked to traumatic insemination, a reduced chemosensory ... | 2016 | 26836814 |
| bed bugs and infectious disease: a case for the arboviruses. | | 2013 | 23966852 |
| insecticide resistance and management strategies in urban ecosystems. | the increased urbanization of a growing global population makes imperative the development of sustainable integrated pest management (ipm) strategies for urban pest control. this emphasizes pests that are closely associated with the health and wellbeing of humans and domesticated animals. concurrently there are regulatory requirements enforced to minimize inadvertent exposures to insecticides in the urban environment. development of insecticide resistance management (irm) strategies in urban eco ... | 2016 | 26751480 |
| bed bugs and possible transmission of human pathogens: a systematic review. | the global population of bed bugs (cimex lectularius and cimex hemipterus, family cimicidae) has undergone a significant resurgence since the late 1990s. this is likely due to an increase in global travel, trade, and the number of insecticide-resistant bed bugs. the global bed bug population is estimated to be increasing by 100-500 % annually. the worldwide spread of bed bugs is concerning, because they are a significant socioeconomic burden and a major concern to public health. according to the ... | 2016 | 27295087 |
| bed bugs: clinical relevance and control options. | since the late 1990s, bed bugs of the species cimex lectularius and cimex hemipterus have undergone a worldwide resurgence. these bed bugs are blood-sucking insects that readily bite humans. cutaneous reactions may occur and can start out as small macular lesions that can develop into distinctive wheals of around 5 cm in diameter, which are accompanied by intense itching. occasionally, bullous eruptions may result. if bed bugs are numerous, the patient can present with widespread urticaria or ey ... | 0 | 22232375 |
| Insecticide resistance in bedbugs in Thailand and laboratory evaluation of insecticides for the control of Cimex hemipterus and Cimex lectularius (Hemiptera: Cimicidae). | Bedbugs are found in many countries around the world, and in some regions they are resistant to numerous insecticides. This study surveyed bedbugs in Thailand and determined their resistance to insecticides. The surveys were carried out in six provinces that attract large numbers of foreign tourists: Bangkok, Chonburi, Chiang Mai, Ubon Ratchathani, Phuket, and Krabi. Bedbugs were collected from hotels and colonized in the laboratory to evaluate their resistance to insecticides. Cimex hemipterus ... | 2011 | 21936321 |
| arthropod surveillance programs: basic components, strategies, and analysis. | effective entomological surveillance planning stresses a careful consideration of methodology, trapping technologies, and analysis techniques. herein, the basic principles and technological components of arthropod surveillance plans are described, as promoted in the symposium "advancements in arthropod monitoring technology, techniques, and analysis" presented at the 58th annual meeting of the entomological society of america in san diego, ca. interdisciplinary examples of arthropod monitoring f ... | 0 | 26543242 |
| development of resistance to ddt by anopheles sacharovi in greece. | the ddt house-spraying programme carried out throughout greece between 1946 and 1950 proved highly effective against both the local malaria-vectors (anopheles sacharovi and a. superpictus) and other domestic pests. however, during 1947 the housefly (musca domestica) began to reappear in large numbers, and in subsequent years the development of a similar resistance to ddt was noticed among other domestic pests, such as culex molestus, fleas, bed-bugs, and cockroaches. in 1951, signs of a weakenin ... | 0 | 13066984 |
| metabolic resistance in bed bugs. | blood-feeding insects have evolved resistance to various insecticides (organochlorines, pyrethroids, carbamates, etc.) through gene mutations and increased metabolism. bed bugs (cimex lectularius) are hematophagous ectoparasites that are poised to become one of the major pests in households throughout the united states. currently, c. lectularius has attained a high global impact status due to its sudden and rampant resurgence. resistance to pesticides is one factor implicated in this phenomenon. ... | 2011 | 26467498 |
| the odorant receptor co-receptor from the bed bug, cimex lectularius l. | recently, the bed bug, cimex lectularius l. has re-emerged as a serious and growing problem in many parts of the world. presence of resistant bed bugs and the difficulty to eliminate them has renewed interest in alternative control tactics. similar to other haematophagous arthropods, bed bugs rely on their olfactory system to detect semiochemicals in the environment. previous studies have morphologically characterized olfactory organs of bed bugs' antenna and have physiologically evaluated the r ... | 2014 | 25411789 |
| suppression of bedbug's reproduction by rna interference of vitellogenin. | recent resurgence of the bedbug cimex lectularius is a global problem on the public health. on account of the worldwide rise of insecticide-resistant bedbug populations, exploration of new approaches to the bedbug control and management is anticipated. in this context, gene silencing by rna interference (rnai) has been considered for its potential application to pest control and management, because rnai enables specific suppression of target genes and thus flexible selection of target traits to ... | 2016 | 27096422 |
| deep sequencing of pyrethroid-resistant bed bugs reveals multiple mechanisms of resistance within a single population. | a frightening resurgence of bed bug infestations has occurred over the last 10 years in the u.s. and current chemical methods have been inadequate for controlling this pest due to widespread insecticide resistance. little is known about the mechanisms of resistance present in u.s. bed bug populations, making it extremely difficult to develop intelligent strategies for their control. we have identified bed bugs collected in richmond, va which exhibit both kdr-type (l925i) and metabolic resistance ... | 2011 | 22039447 |
| effects of life stages and feeding regimes on active movement behavior of the tropical bed bug, cimex hemipterus (hemiptera: cimicidae). | this study examined the effects of different life stages (first, second, third, fourth, and five instars; adult females and adult males) and feeding regimes (starved and blood fed) on the active movement activity of the tropical bed bug, cimex hemipterus (f.), under mixed-stage conditions. we used an extended arena made from tygon tube coils and observed the movement frequency and movement distance at selected time intervals up to 120 h. the fifth instars and adult males and females showed signi ... | 2010 | 20496576 |
| lxxi. the effect of the vapours of various insecticides upon fleas (ceratophyllus fasciatus and xenopsylla cheopis) at each stage in their life history and upon the bed bug (cimex lectularius) in its larval stage. | | 1914 | 20474559 |
| genome assembly and geospatial phylogenomics of the bed bug cimex lectularius. | the common bed bug (cimex lectularius) has been a persistent pest of humans for thousands of years, yet the genetic basis of the bed bug's basic biology and adaptation to dense human environments is largely unknown. here we report the assembly, annotation and phylogenetic mapping of the 697.9-mb cimex lectularius genome, with an n50 of 971 kb, using both long and short read technologies. a rna-seq time course across all five developmental stages and male and female adults generated 36,985 coding ... | 2016 | 26836631 |
| juvenile hormone regulation of female reproduction in the common bed bug, cimex lectularius. | to begin studies on reproduction in common bed bug, cimex lectularius, we identified three genes coding for vitellogenin (vg, a protein required for the reproductive success of insects) and studied their hormonal regulation. rna interference studied showed that expression of vg3 gene in the adult females is a prerequisite for successful completion of embryogenesis in the eggs laid by them. juvenile hormone (jh) receptor, methoprene-tolerant (met), steroid receptor coactivator (src) and gataa but ... | 2016 | 27762340 |
| human odorant reception in the common bed bug, cimex lectularius. | the common bed bug cimex lectularius is a temporary ectoparasite on humans and currently resurgent in many developed countries. the ability of bed bugs to detect human odorants in the environment is critical for their host-seeking behavior. this study deciphered the chemical basis of host detection by investigating the neuronal response of olfactory sensilla to 104 human odorants using single sensillum recording and characterized the electro-physiological responses of bed bug odorant receptors t ... | 2015 | 26522967 |
| role of vision and mechanoreception in bed bug, cimex lectularius l. behavior. | the role of olfactory cues such as carbon dioxide, pheromones, and kairomones in bed bug, cimex lectularius l. behavior has been demonstrated. however, the role of vision and mechanoreception in bed bug behavior is poorly understood. we investigated bed bug vision by determining their responses to different colors, vertical objects, and their ability to detect colors and vertical objects under low and complete dark conditions. results show black and red paper harborages are preferred compared to ... | 2015 | 25748041 |
| survivorship during starvation for cimex lectularius l. | four bed bug strains (cimex lectularius) with different levels of pyrethroid resistance were evaluated to determine their ability to survive extended periods of starvation. first instar bed bugs of all strains were the most vulnerable to starvation (13.8-36.3 days mean survival time). fifth instars and adults survived the longest during starvation (41.5-142.6 days). significant differences in survivorship during starvation were observed between resistant and susceptible strains of bed bugs. over ... | 2011 | 26467625 |
| evaluation of chlorfenapyr for control of the bed bug, cimex lectularius l. | the presence of bed bug populations resistant to pyrethroids demands the development of new control tactics, including the use of insecticides with new modes of action. insecticides that disrupt oxidative phosphorylation in insect mitochondria can be an option. laboratory assays were used to measure the toxicity of chlorfenapyr to susceptible strains and two strains highly resistant to pyrethroids. the effectiveness of two chlorfenapyr-based formulations was compared, and behavioral responses of ... | 2010 | 20661938 |
| rna-seq and molecular docking reveal multi-level pesticide resistance in the bed bug. | bed bugs (cimex lectularius) are hematophagous nocturnal parasites of humans that have attained high impact status due to their worldwide resurgence. the sudden and rampant resurgence of c. lectularius has been attributed to numerous factors including frequent international travel, narrower pest management practices, and insecticide resistance. | 2012 | 22226239 |
| characterization of cimex lectularius (bedbug) defensin peptide and its antimicrobial activity against human skin microflora. | antimicrobial peptides are components of both vertebrate and invertebrate innate immune systems that are expressed in response to exposure to bacterial antigens. naturally occurring antimicrobial peptides from evolutionarily ancient species have been extensively studied and are being developed as potential therapeutics against antibiotic resistant microorganisms. in this study, a putative cimex lectularius (bedbug, cl) defensin is characterized for its effectiveness against human skin flora incl ... | 2016 | 26802465 |
| human parasites in the roman world: health consequences of conquering an empire. | the archaeological evidence for parasites in the roman era is presented in order to demonstrate the species present at that time, and highlight the health consequences for people living under roman rule. despite their large multi-seat public latrines with washing facilities, sewer systems, sanitation legislation, fountains and piped drinking water from aqueducts, we see the widespread presence of whipworm (trichuris trichiura), roundworm (ascaris lumbricoides) and entamoeba histolytica that caus ... | 2017 | 26741568 |
| a calcium-activated nucleotidase secreted from ostertagia ostertagi 4th-stage larvae is a member of the novel salivary apyrases present in blood-feeding arthropods. | apyrases (atp-diphosphohydrolase) comprise a ubiquitous class of glycosylated nucleotidases that hydrolyse extracellular atp and adp to orthophosphate and amp. one class of newly-described, ca2+-dependent, salivary apyrases known to counteract blood-clotting, has been identified in haematophagous arthropods. herein, we have identified a gene (oos-apy-1) encoding a protein that structurally conforms to the ca2+-activated apyrase from the bed bug, cimex lectularius, by immunologically screening an ... | 2011 | 20809998 |
| semiochemicals of the common bed bug, cimex lectularius l. (hemiptera: cimicidae), and their potential for use in monitoring and control. | the recent resurgence of the common bed bug, cimex lectularius l., has driven an increase in research into the biology and behaviour of this pest. current control is reliant on the application of insecticides, but, owing to the development of insecticide resistance, there is a need for new tools and techniques. semiochemicals (behaviour- and physiology-modifying chemicals) could be exploited for management of bed bugs. the aim of this review was to evaluate studies undertaken in bed bug chemical ... | 2011 | 20859928 |
| acoustic indicators for targeted detection of stored product and urban insect pests by inexpensive infrared, acoustic, and vibrational detection of movement. | crawling and scraping activity of three stored-product pests, sitophilus oryzae (l.) (coleoptera: curculionidae), tribolium castaneum (herbst) (coleoptera: tenebrionidae), and stegobium paniceum (l.) (coleoptera: anobiidae), and two urban pests, blattella germanica (l.) (blattodea: blattellidae) and cimex lectularius l. (hemiptera: cimicidae), were monitored individually by infrared sensors, microphones, and a piezoelectric sensor in a small arena to evaluate effects of insect locomotory behavio ... | 2010 | 21061963 |
| a preliminary evaluation of the potential of beauveria bassiana for bed bug control. | residual biopesticide treatments of beauveria bassiana were tested against the bed bug cimex lectularius. an oil formulation of conidia was applied to different substrates. bed bugs were exposed for 1 h, transferred to an unsprayed environment and monitored for mortality. separate bioassays evaluated the effect of bed bug strain, sex, life stage, and exposure substrate on mortality. rapid mortality was observed in all bioassays, with bed bugs exposed to treated jersey knit cotton dying most rapi ... | 2012 | 22555012 |
| corrigendum. | jakubowski, t.l., perron, t.j., and teixeira, e. (2015). rashes in school: can they stay, or should they go? nasn school nurse, 30(5): 274-282. (original doi: 10.1177/1942602x15596815)in the september 2015 issue of nasn school nurse, the images for lyme disease and spider bites were reversed. the correct order appears below.spnas;31/1/61/table11942602x15621761t1table1-1942602x15621761table 5.bites/stings in childrendiagnosis(bites, stings, cutaneous infestations)rash descriptionsigns and symptom ... | 2016 | 26739936 |
| bunnies, bed bugs, and blackberries. | | 2010 | 21133309 |
| insects and spiders: infestations and bites. | despite successful eradication techniques and specific effective therapies, insect bites and infestations remain a source of great human misery. the current scabies pandemic shows no signs of abating. bed bugs, which through the ages have been second only to the malarial mosquito as an insect vector of fatal infection, have now been implicated in the transmission of hepatitis b and possibly african acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). the incidence of head- and pubic lice is on the rise, ... | 1987 | 21263961 |
| hematological changes in mice exposed to biting of the bedbug: cimex lectularius l. (hemiptera: cimicidae). | the studies on hematologic changes in humans or animals as a result of bedbug bites are lacking. this study was undertaken to examine changes in the blood picture of mice (mus musculus) exposed to cimex lectularius biting. as compared to the check animals, mice exposed to bedbug bites either once or twice within 7 days showed insignificantly higher wbc's (1.6 and 2.8% increase, respectively) and lower hgb content (0.5 and 0.8% decrease, respectively) and significantly higher plt's (p < 0.01) by ... | 2010 | 21268536 |
| transcriptomics of the bed bug (cimex lectularius). | bed bugs (cimex lectularius) are blood-feeding insects poised to become one of the major pests in households throughout the united states. resistance of c. lectularius to insecticides/pesticides is one factor thought to be involved in its sudden resurgence. despite its high-impact status, scant knowledge exists at the genomic level for c. lectularius. hence, we subjected the c. lectularius transcriptome to 454 pyrosequencing in order to identify potential genes involved in pesticide resistance. | 2011 | 21283830 |
| control of cimex lectularius using heat combined with dichlorvos resin strips. | successful management of the bed bug, cimex lectularius l. (hemiptera: cimicidae), is difficult because of its pesticide resistance, which can allow a reduction in population, but not elimination. we evaluated the effect of heat and/or air circulation on the efficacy of dichlorvos resin strips in the control of bed bugs. treatments were performed in unoccupied dormitory rooms and consisted of dichlorvos resin strips containing 18.6% active ingredient, the same strips + fan, and strips + fan + he ... | 2011 | 21332764 |
| surface contact toxicity and synergism of several insecticides against different stages of the tropical bed bug, cimex hemipterus (hemiptera: cimicidae). | five formulated insecticides (lambda-cyhalothrin at 10 mg m?², bifenthrin at 50 mg m?², fipronil at 10 mg m?², fenitrothion at 50 mg m?², imidacloprid at 5 mg m?²) and one active ingredient (ddt at 500 mg m?²) were evaluated using a surface contact method against early and late instars and adults of two strains of the tropical bed bug, cimex hemipterus (f.). synergism of lambda-cyhalothrin and fipronil using piperonyl butoxide (pbo) was also assessed. | 2011 | 21370390 |
| Multiplex polymerase chain reaction diagnostics of bed bug (Hemiptera: Cimicidae). | Cimex lectularius L. (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) is a widespread blood feeding pest of humans around the world, including North America, and has recently undergone a resurgence. A molecular diagnostic technique applying multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was developed to distinguish bed bug eggs, leg fragments, and degraded samples from other arthropods that frequently occur in human dwellings. A 410-428-bp region of the mitochondrial DNA 16S rRNA gene was used. To design C. lectularius-specif ... | 2011 | 21845958 |
| psychiatric consequences of actual versus feared and perceived bed bug infestations: a case series examining a current epidemic. | | 2012 | 22221725 |
| the re-emergence of the bed bug as a nuisance pest: implications of resistance to the pyrethroid insecticides. | a global resurgence of bed bugs (hemiptera: cimicidae) has led to renewed scientific interest in these insects. the current bed bug upsurge appears to have started almost synchronously in the late 1990s in europe, the u.s.a. and australia. several factors have led to this situation, with resistance to applied insecticides making a significant contribution. with a growing number of insecticides (ddt, carbamates, organophosphates etc.) being no longer available as a result of regulatory restrictio ... | 2012 | 22235873 |
| increasing use of pyrethroids in canadian households: should we be concerned? | pyrethroids are a class of plant-derived insecticides and their man-made analogues that are increasingly applied in canada as first choice for pest control in many agricultural and residential settings. their popularity is partly due to their alleged safety compared to the older organochlorine and organophosphate insecticides. application of pyrethroids is expanding because of recent increases in the level of pest infestations--such as bed bugs--and the decreased susceptibility of target species ... | 2012 | 23618016 |
| bed bugs and public health: new approaches for an old scourge. | to share four canadian cities' experiences with bed bug infestations and to explore public health roles in managing them. | 2012 | 23618015 |
| [bed bugs]. | | 2012 | 23451421 |
| evolutionary origin of insect-wolbachia nutritional mutualism. | obligate insect-bacterium nutritional mutualism is among the most sophisticated forms of symbiosis, wherein the host and the symbiont are integrated into a coherent biological entity and unable to survive without the partnership. originally, however, such obligate symbiotic bacteria must have been derived from free-living bacteria. how highly specialized obligate mutualisms have arisen from less specialized associations is of interest. here we address this evolutionary issue by focusing on an ex ... | 2014 | 24982177 |
| infestation by pyrethroids resistant bed bugs in the suburb of paris, france. | bed bugs are hematophagous insects responsible for a re-emerging and challenging indoor pest in many countries. bed bugs infestations may have health consequences including nuisance biting, cutaneous and systemic reactions. this resurgence can probably be attributed to factors such as increased international travel and development of resistance against insecticides. resistance against pyrethroids has been reported several times from the usa and rarely in europe. in france, very few data on bed b ... | 2012 | 23193523 |
| rna interference of nadph-cytochrome p450 reductase results in reduced insecticide resistance in the bed bug, cimex lectularius. | nadph-cytochrome p450 reductase (cpr) plays a central role in cytochrome p450 action. the genes coding for p450s are not yet fully identified in the bed bug, cimex lectularius. hence, we decided to clone cdna and knockdown the expression of the gene coding for cpr which is suggested to be required for the function of all p450s to determine whether or not p450s are involved in resistance of bed bugs to insecticides. | 2012 | 22347424 |
| effects of starvation on deltamethrin tolerance in bed bugs, cimex lectularius l. (hemiptera: cimicidae). | bed bugs, cimex lectularius l., are a major pest in the urban environment. their presence often results in physical, psychological, and financial distress of homeowners and apartment dwellers. although many insecticide bioassays have been performed on this pest, little attention has been paid to bed bug feeding status, which is closely linked to metabolism, molting, and mass. therefore, we evaluated the toxicity of topically applied deltamethrin on insecticide susceptible adult male bed bugs fed ... | 2015 | 26463068 |
| bed bugs evolved unique adaptive strategy to resist pyrethroid insecticides. | recent advances in genomic and post-genomic technologies have facilitated a genome-wide analysis of the insecticide resistance-associated genes in insects. through bed bug, cimex lectularius transcriptome analysis, we identified 14 molecular markers associated with pyrethroid resistance. our studies revealed that most of the resistance-associated genes functioning in diverse mechanisms are expressed in the epidermal layer of the integument, which could prevent or slow down the toxin from reachin ... | 0 | 23492626 |
| cuticle thickening in a pyrethroid-resistant strain of the common bed bug, cimex lectularius l. (hemiptera: cimicidae). | thickening of the integument as a mechanism of resistance to insecticides is a well recognised phenomenon in the insect world and, in recent times, has been found in insects exhibiting pyrethroid-resistance. resistance to pyrethroid insecticides in the common bed bug, cimex lectularius l., is widespread and has been frequently inferred as a reason for the pest's resurgence. overexpression of cuticle depositing proteins has been demonstrated in pyrethroid-resistant bed bugs although, to date, no ... | 2016 | 27073871 |
| riboflavin provisioning underlies wolbachia's fitness contribution to its insect host. | endosymbiotic bacteria of the genus wolbachia represent the most successful symbiotic bacteria in the terrestrial ecosystem. the success of wolbachia has been ascribed to its remarkable phenotypic effects on host reproduction, such as cytoplasmic incompatibility, whereby maternally inherited bacteria can spread in their host populations at the expense of their host's fitness. meanwhile, recent theoretical as well as empirical studies have unveiled that weak and/or conditional positive fitness ef ... | 2015 | 26556278 |
| identification and validation of reference genes for quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in cimex lectularius. | quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qrt-pcr) has emerged as robust methodology for gene expression studies, but reference genes are crucial for accurate normalization. commonly used reference genes are housekeeping genes that are thought to be nonregulated; however, their expression can be unstable across different experimental conditions. we report the identification and validation of suitable reference genes in the bed bug, cimex lectularius, by using qrt-pcr. the expression stab ... | 2011 | 21845960 |
| correction: competence of cimex lectularius bed bugs for the transmission of bartonella quintana, the agent of trench fever. | | 2015 | 26075401 |
| identification and characterization of three cholinesterases from the common bed bug, cimex lectularius. | we identified and characterized the full-length cdna sequences encoding two acetylcholinesterases (clache1 and clache2) and a salivary gland-specific cholinesterase-like protein (clsche) from the common bed bug, cimex lectularius. all three cholinesterase genes (clac1, clace2 and clsce) have conserved motifs, including a catalytic triad, a choline-binding site and an acyl pocket. phylogenetic analysis showed that clache1 belongs to the insect ache1 clade, whereas clache2 belongs to the insect ac ... | 2011 | 22136067 |
| competence of cimex lectularius bed bugs for the transmission of bartonella quintana, the agent of trench fever. | bartonella quintana, the etiologic agent of trench fever and other human diseases, is transmitted by the feces of body lice. recently, this bacterium has been detected in other arthropod families such as bed bugs, which begs the question of their involvement in b. quintana transmission. although several infectious pathogens have been reported and are suggested to be transmitted by bed bugs, the evidence regarding their competence as vectors is unclear. | 2015 | 26000974 |
| susceptibility of insecticide resistant bed bugs (cimex lectularius) to infection by fungal biopesticide. | bed bugs are a public health concern, and their incidence is increasing worldwide. bed bug infestations are notoriously difficult to eradicate, further exacerbated by widespread resistance to pyrethroid and neonicotinoid insecticides. this study evaluated the efficacy of the newly developed fungal biopesticide, aprehend™, containing beauveria bassiana, against insecticide-resistant bed bugs. | 2017 | 28321982 |
| survey of bartonella spp. in u.s. bed bugs detects burkholderia multivorans but not bartonella. | bed bugs (cimex lectularius l.) have resurged in the united states and globally. bed bugs are hematophagous ectoparasites of humans and other animals, including domestic pets, chickens, and bats, and their blood feeding habits contribute to their potential as disease vectors. several species of bartonella are re-emergent bacterial pathogens that also affect humans, domestic pets, bats and a number of other wildlife species. because reports of both bed bugs and bartonella have been increasing in ... | 2013 | 24040015 |
| insect bite reactions. | insects are a class of living creatures within the arthropods. insect bite reactions are commonly seen in clinical practice. the present review touches upon the medically important insects and their places in the classification, the sparse literature on the epidemiology of insect bites in india, and different variables influencing the susceptibility of an individual to insect bites. clinical features of mosquito bites, hypersensitivity to mosquito bites epstein-barr virus nk (hmb-ebv-nk) disease ... | 2013 | 23442453 |
| exposure of bed bugs to metarhizium anisopliae at different humidities. | bed bugs cimex lectularius l. were exposed to conidia (spores) of the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae by feeding, aerosol spray, or contact with a treated surface. feeding experiments demonstrated that bed bugs were innately susceptible to this fungus. however, only at 98% humidity were mortality rates high, regardless of whether bed bugs were sprayed with a fungal solution or contacted a treated surface. mortality in treated bed bugs at ambient humidity did not increase when thes ... | 2014 | 26470085 |
| artificial infection of the bed bug with rickettsia parkeri. | although a variety of disease agents have been reported from bed bugs, the mechanical and biological disease transmission potential of bed bugs remains unelucidated. in this study we assayed survivability of the mildly pathogenic spotted fever group rickettsia, rickettsia parkeri, in bed bugs after feeding on r. parkeri-infected chicken blood. two groups of 15 adult bed bugs each were fed on infected or noninfected blood, and two groups of fourth-instar bed bugs also were fed on either infected ... | 2012 | 22897053 |
| effectiveness of a sugar-yeast monitor and a chemical lure for detecting bed bugs. | effective bed bug (cimex lectularius l.) monitors have been actively sought in the past few years to help detect bed bugs and measure the effectiveness of treatments. most of the available active monitors are either expensive or ineffective. we designed a simple and affordable active bed bug monitor that uses sugar-yeast fermentation and an experimental chemical lure to detect bed bugs. the sugar-yeast mixture released carbon dioxide at a similar rate (average 405.1 ml/min) as dry ice (average 3 ... | 2015 | 26470258 |
| dermatologic infestations. | head lice are transmitted by head to head contact. optimal therapy includes malathion lotion 0.5% repeated in one week left on for 30 minutes to 8 hours. spinosad topical suspension 0.9% repeated in one week left on for 10 minutes is another option. scabies is transmitted mainly by direct contact but also via heavily infested fomites due to crusted scabies. permethrin 5% cream to the body repeated in four days is often sufficient; however, scalp treatment with malathion lotion 0.5% is helpful in ... | 2012 | 22250620 |
| bed bugs (cimex lectularius) as vectors of trypanosoma cruzi. | populations of the common bed bug, cimex lectularius, have recently undergone explosive growth. bed bugs share many important traits with triatomine insects, but it remains unclear whether these similarities include the ability to transmit trypanosoma cruzi, the etiologic agent of chagas disease. here, we show efficient and bidirectional transmission of t. cruzi between hosts and bed bugs in a laboratory environment. most bed bugs that fed on experimentally infected mice acquired the parasite. a ... | 2015 | 25404068 |
| rna interference of nadph-cytochrome p450 reductase of the rice brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens, increases susceptibility to insecticides. | nadph-cytochrome p450 reductase (cpr) is essential for numerous biological reactions catalysed by microsomal cytochrome p450 monooxygenases (p450s). knockdown of cpr in several insects leads to developmental defects and increased susceptibility to insecticides. however, information about the role of cpr in the brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens, is still unavailable. | 2015 | 24515640 |
| knockdown of nadph-cytochrome p450 reductase results in reduced resistance to buprofezin in the small brown planthopper, laodelphax striatellus (fallén). | nadph-cytochrome p450 reductase (cpr) plays an important role in cytochrome p450 function, and cpr knockdown in several insects leads to increased susceptibility to insecticides. however, a putative cpr gene has not yet been fully characterized in the small brown planthopper laodelphax striatellus, a notorious agricultural pest in rice that causes serious damage by transmitting rice stripe and rice black-streaked dwarf viruses. the objective of this study was to clone the cdna and to knock down ... | 2016 | 26821654 |
| horizontal transfer of diatomaceous earth and botanical insecticides in the common bed bug, cimex lectularius l.; hemiptera: cimicidae. | horizontal transfer of insecticide occurs when insects contact or ingest an insecticide, return to an aggregation or a nest, and transfer the insecticide to other conspecific insects through contact. this phenomenon has been reported in a number of insects including social insects, however it has not been reported in bed bugs. since horizontal transfer can facilitate the spread of insecticide into hard to reach spaces, it could contribute greatly to the management of these public health pests. | 2013 | 24086593 |
| evaluation of the potential for secondary kill for ingested insecticides in the common bed bug (hemiptera: cimicidae). | baits are a preferred method of urban pest management. baits enable more targeted insecticide applications with a fraction of the active ingredient used in residual sprays. bait translocation by foragers, and consequent secondary kill of nonforagers, enhances bait effectiveness in social insects, and in other group-living species like german cockroaches (blattella germanica l.). we investigated the potential for secondary kill in bed bugs (cimex lectularius l.), another gregarious species, using ... | 2017 | 28334348 |
| relatively small quantities of co2, ammonium bicarbonate, and a blend of (e)-2-hexenal plus (e)-2-octenal attract bed bugs (hemiptera: cimicidae). | bed bugs, cimex lectularius l., feed on humans, have increased exponentially in the past two decades in many major cities throughout the world, have caused intense infestations, and have become a significant health concern. improved traps are needed to detect early infestations, to assess control programs, and for control of bed bugs. carbon dioxide released alone or simultaneously with other attractants into three types of traps at the relatively low rate of 1 ml/min caught significantly more b ... | 2017 | 28399295 |
| detection of reduced susceptibility to chlorfenapyr- and bifenthrin-containing products in field populations of the bed bug (hemiptera: cimicidae). | insecticide resistance is a major impediment for effective control of cimex lectularius l. previous resistance detection studies with bed bugs have focused on certain pyrethroid, neonicotinoid, organochlorine, organophosphate, and carbamate insecticides. within the pyrethroid class, resistance studies have mostly been limited to deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, and alpha- and beta-cyfluthrin. the goal of this study was to develop diagnostic concentration bioassays for assessing bed bug suscepti ... | 2017 | 28398497 |
| molecular basis of olfactory chemoreception in the common bed bug, cimex lectularius. | as one of the most notorious ectoparasites, bed bugs rely heavily on human or animal blood sources for survival, mating and reproduction. chemoreception, mediated by the odorant receptors on the membrane of olfactory sensory neurons, plays a vital role in their host seeking and risk aversion processes. we investigated the responses of odorant receptors to a large spectrum of semiochemicals, including human odorants and plant-released volatiles and found that strong responses were sparse; aldehyd ... | 2017 | 28383033 |
| bed bug (hemiptera: cimicidae) detection in low-income, high-rise apartments using four or fewer passive monitors. | bed bug, cimex lectularius l., management in low-income, high-rise housing for the elderly and disabled can be difficult. early detection is key to slowing their spread, and reducing management cost and time needed for control. to determine the minimum number of passive monitors needed to detect low-level bed bug infestations in this environment, we evaluated three monitors placed one, two, or four per apartment in a 3 by 3 experimental design. one sticky monitor, the bedbug detection system, an ... | 2017 | 28369372 |
| a method for evaluating insecticide efficacy against bed bug, cimex lectularius, eggs and first instars. | standard toxicity evaluations of insecticides against insect pests are primarily conducted on adult insects. evaluations are based on a dose-response or concentration-response curve, where mortality increases as the dose or concentration of an insecticide is increased. standard lethal concentration (lc50) and lethal dose (ld50) tests that result in 50% mortality of a test population can be challenging for evaluating toxicity of insecticides against non-adult insect life stages, such as eggs and ... | 2017 | 28362364 |
| differences in climbing ability of cimex lectularius and cimex hemipterus (hemiptera: cimicidae). | the climbing abilities of two bed bug species, cimex lectularius l. and cimex hemipterus (f.), were determined by evaluating their escape rates from smooth surface pitfall traps using four commercial bed bug monitors (verifi bed bug detector, climbup insect interceptor, blackout bed bug detector, and sensci volcano bed bug detector). all detectors were used in the absence of lures or attractants. unlike c. lectularius, adult c. hemipterus were able to escape from all traps. on the other hand, no ... | 2017 | 28334370 |
| desiccant dust and the use of co2 gas as a mobility stimulant for bed bugs: a potential control solution? | the common bed bug (cimex lectularius, hemiptera; cimicidae) infests homes and service industries, and the number of infestations has greatly increased over the past 20 years. at present, no cost-effective control methods are available, and eradication programs are expensive and laborious. we investigated the control potential of desiccant dust in combination with co2 as a bed bug activity stimulant. an initial experiment with two desiccant dusts was followed by arena studies with varying doses, ... | 2017 | 28217039 |
| protein self-marking by ectoparasites: a case study using bed bugs (hemiptera: cimicidae). | the ability to mark individuals is a critical feature of many entomological investigations, including dispersal studies. insect dispersal is generally investigated using mark-release-recapture techniques, whereby marked individuals are released at a known location and then captured at a measured distance. ectoparasite dispersal has historically been challenging to study, in part because of the ethical concerns associated with releasing marked individuals. here, we introduce the protein self-mark ... | 2016 | 27493250 |
| analysis of bed bug (cimex lectularius) introductions into an academic medical center. | | 2017 | 28179037 |
| double cuticle barrier in two global pests, the whitefly trialeurodes vaporariorum and the bedbug cimex lectularius. | the integument protects the organism against penetration of xenobiotics and water that would potentially interfere with homeostasis. in insects that play key roles in a variety of agricultural and ecological habitats this inward barrier is barely investigated. in order to advance in this field, we studied integumental barrier (cuticle) permeability in the two global pests trialeurodes vaporariorum (greenhouse whitefly) and cimex lectularius (bedbug) applying a simple dye-penetration assay. in ag ... | 2017 | 28167802 |
| chemoreception to aggregation pheromones in the common bed bug, cimex lectularius. | the common bed bug, cimex lectularius, is an obligate blood-feeding insect that is resurgent worldwide, posing a threat to human beings through its biting nuisance and disease transmission. bed bug aggregation pheromone is considered a very promising attractant for use in the monitoring and management of bed bugs, but as yet little is known regarding the sensory physiology of bed bugs related to this pheromone. this study examined how the individual components of aggregation pheromone are percei ... | 2017 | 28167332 |
| comparison of different cytogenetic methods and tissue suitability for the study of chromosomes in cimex lectularius (heteroptera, cimicidae). | in the article we summarize the most common recent cytogenetic methods used in analysis of karyotypes in heteroptera. we seek to show the pros and cons of the spreading method compared with the traditional squashing method. we discuss the suitability of gonad, midgut and embryo tissue in cimex lectularius linnaeus, 1758 chromosome research and production of figures of whole mitosis and meiosis, using the spreading method. the hotplate spreading technique has many advantages in comparison with th ... | 2016 | 28123691 |