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a family of antimicrobial peptides related to japonicin-2 isolated from the skin of the chaochiao brown frog rana chaochiaoensis.four structurally-related peptides with antimicrobial activity were isolated from an extract of the skin of the chinese brown frog, rana chaochiaoensis liu, 1946. determination of their primary structures revealed that they are members of the japonicin-2 family, previously identified only in the skin of the japanese brown frog, r. japonica. japonicin-2cha (fvlpllgilpkelcivlkknc) represented the most abundant peptide in the extract but its growth-inhibitory potency against staphylococcus aureus ( ...200616928470
membrane interaction and antibacterial properties of chensinin-1, an antimicrobial peptide with atypical structural features from the skin of rana chensinensis.many antimicrobial peptides from amphibian skin have been purified and structurally characterized and may be developed as therapeutic agents. here we describe the antibacterial properties and membrane interaction of chensinin-1, a cationic arginine/histidine-rich antimicrobial peptide, from the skin secretions of rana chensinensis. the amino acid composition, sequence, and atypical structure of chensinin-1 differ from other known antimicrobial peptides from amphibian skin. chensinin-1 exhibited ...201222581068
identification and characterisation of a novel antimicrobial polypeptide from the skin secretion of a chinese frog (rana chensinensis).amphibians secrete small antimicrobial polypeptides from their skin that have been explored as alternatives to conventional antibiotics. in this study, mass spectrometry was used to identify and characterise protein secretions from the skin of a chinese frog, rana chensinensis. the skin of this kind of frog has been used in traditional chinese medicine for centuries as a remedy against inflammation. a novel antimicrobial peptide was identified and the characteristics of this peptide were analyse ...200919179051
Immunoreactivity of c-kit Receptor Protein during Pre-Hibernation in the Oviduct of Chinese Brown Frog Rana chensinensis.The objective of this study was to investigate immunoreactivity of the c-kit receptor in oviduct of Rana chensinensis in pre-hibernation. Histological examination of oviduct were performed in pre-hibernation. The sections of oviduct were immunostained by the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method using rabbit polyclonal antisera raised against rat's c-kit receptor and PCNA. Total proteins were extracted from oviducal tissues and used for Western blotting analysis. Immunohistochemistry revealed ...201121937859
molecular cloning of cdnas encoding antimicrobial peptide precursors from the skin of the chinese brown frog, rana chensinensis.skin plays a key role in the daily survival of amphibians. in the present study, six cdnas encoding amphibian skin antimicrobial peptide precursors from the chinese brown frog rana chensinensis, were cloned and identified as preprobrevinin-1cec, preprobrevinin-1ceb, preprotemporin-1cea, preprotemporin-1ceb, preprotemporin-1cec, and preprochensinin-1. preprotemporin-1cea, ceb, and cec are members of the temporin family, which are usually short, hydrophobic, and c-terminally alpha-amidated antimic ...200919341344
Antitumor effects and cell selectivity of temporin-1CEa, an antimicrobial peptide from the skin secretions of the Chinese brown frog (Rana chensinensis).Many antimicrobial peptides from amphibian exhibit additional anticancer properties due to a similar mechanism of action at both bacterial and cancer cells. We have previously reported the cDNA sequence of the antimicrobial peptide temporin-1CEa precursor cloned from the Chinese brown frog Rana chensinensis. In this study, we purified, synthesized and structurally characterized temporin-1CEa from the skin secretions of R. chensinensis. The cytotoxicity and cell selectivity of temporin-1CEa were ...201121871946
insights into the membrane interaction mechanism and antibacterial properties of chensinin-1b.antimicrobial peptides (amps) with non-specific membrane disrupting activities are thought to exert their antimicrobial activity as a result of their cationicity, hydrophobicity and α-helical or β-sheet structures. chensinin-1, a native peptide from skin secretions of rana chensinensis, fails to manifest its desired biological properties because its low hydrophobic nature and an adopted random coil structure in a membrane-mimetic environment. in this study, chensinin-1b was designed by rearrangi ...201525453959
big mountains but small barriers: population genetic structure of the chinese wood frog (rana chensinensis) in the tsinling and daba mountain region of northern china.amphibians in general are poor dispersers and highly philopatric, and landscape features often have important impacts on their population genetic structure and dispersal patterns. numerous studies have suggested that genetic differentiation among amphibian populations are particularly pronounced for populations separated by mountain ridges. the tsinling mountain range of northern china is a major mountain chain that forms the boundary between the oriental and palearctic zoogeographic realms. we ...200919358732
molecular cloning, expression, purification, and functional characterization of palustrin-2ce, an antimicrobial peptide of rana chensinensis.antimicrobial peptides are effector molecules of the innate immunity of amphibians. here, one antimicrobial peptide cdna precursor, prepropalustrin-2ce3, from the tadpole of the chinese brown frog rana chensinensis was cloned. the coding sequence corresponding to the mature palustrin-2ce peptide was subcloned into pgex-6p-1. the soluble gst-palustrin-2ce fusion protein was successfully expressed in the bl21(de3)plyss strain at 16 °c, and the proportion of the fusion protein reached 35%-39% of th ...201222232269
skin bradykinin-related peptides (brps) and their biosynthetic precursors (kininogens): comparisons between various taxa of chinese and north american ranid frogs.bradykinins and related peptides (brps) occur in the defensive skin secretions of many amphibians. here we report the structures of brps and their corresponding biosynthetic precursor cdnas from the chinese brown frog, rana chensinensis, and the north american leopard frog, lithobates pipiens. r. chensinensis skin contained four transcripts each encoding a different kininogen whose organizations and spectrum of encoded brps were similar to those reported for the pickerel frog, lithobates palustr ...200818164514
design of potent, non-toxic antimicrobial agents based upon the structure of the frog skin peptide, temporin-1ceb from chinese brown frog, rana chensinensis.temporin-1ceb shows antimicrobial activity against gram-positive bacteria, but its therapeutic potential is limited by its haemolysis. in this study, eight temporin-1ceb analogues with altered cationicities and hydrophobicities were synthesized. increasing cationicity and amphipathicity by substituting neutral and non-polar amino acid residues on the hydrophilic face of the α-helix by five or six lysines increased antimicrobial potency approximately 10-fold to 40-fold, although when the number o ...201222348663
phylogeny and biogeography of south chinese brown frogs (ranidae, anura).few studies have explored the role of cenozoic tectonic evolution in shaping the patterns and processes of extant animal distributions in and around east asia. in this study, we selected south chinese brown frogs as a model to examine the phylogenetic and biogeographical consequences of miocene tectonic events within south china and its margins. we used mitochondrial and nuclear molecular data to reconstruct phylogenetic interrelationships among chinese brown frogs using bayesian and maximum lik ...201728369142
transcriptome analysis of rana chensinensis liver under trichlorfon stress.trichlorfon is a selective organophosphate insecticide that is widely applied in aquaculture and agriculture for control of various parasites. however, repeated and excess applications of trichlorfon often lead to water pollution and threaten non-targeted species. our previous studies showed that trichlorfon could cause oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and hepatic lesions in the liver of rana chensinensis, but the related molecular mechanisms remain unclear. to explore the interference of tr ...028910747
[identification of ranae oviductus original animal based on coi sequences].ranae oviductus has a high economic and social value, but its adulterants are more numerous, which causes a great confusion to the market. using dna bar code technology based on coi sequence for pcr amplification and sequencing of the identified rana dybowskii, r. chensinensis, r. huanrensis and r. amurensiss, the coi gene database of four species of rana was established, and comparing the measured sequence with the sequence of genbank, four kinds of rana were identified. the mega (molecular evo ...201729071864
influence of dehp on thyroid, sex steroid-related genes and gonadal differentiation in rana chensinensis tadpoles.in the present study, responses of the chinese brown frog (rana chensinensis) to exposure to di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (dehp), a common plasticizer, during the larval period were characterized. the effects of dehp on metamorphosis rate, thyroid hormone, thyroid histology and the expression of genes involved in the steroid hormone synthesis in gonad were investigated. metamorphosis rate and 50 percent of the tadpoles to reach gosner stage 42 (t0.5 ) were significantly slower in all dehp groups. t ...029098770
expressions of il-6, tnf-α and nf-κb in the skin of chinese brown frog (rana dybowskii).the cytokine interleukin-6 (il-6) mediates a wide range of inflammatory and immune responses. tumor necrosis factor α (tnf-α) has a myriad of pro-inflammatory effects on the skin. nuclear factor κb (nf-κb) is a transcriptional factor that regulates a battery of genes that are critical to immune system. in this study, we investigated the localizations and expression levels of il-6, tnf-α and nf-κb in the skin of rana dybowskii during the breeding period and pre-hibernation. histologically, the sk ...201729313598
oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity in the frog, rana chensinensis, when exposed to low doses of trichlorfon.trichlorfon is an organophosphate insecticide that is widely used in aquaculture and agriculture against parasitic infestations and has caused aquatic toxicity to non-target organisms. to evaluate the effects of low doses of trichlorfon on the oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity in amphibians, chinese brown frogs (rana chensinensis) were exposed to trichlorfon at concentrations of 0, 0.01, 0.1, and 1.0 mg/l for 2 and 4 weeks. then, the activities of superoxide dismutase (sod), catalase (cat), gl ...201728541126
octylphenol induced gene expression in testes of frog, rana chensinensis.octylphenol (op) is an endocrine-disrupting chemical (edc), which can disrupt the reproductive system. to understand the effect of op, a subtractive cdna library was constructed using suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh) to identify alterations of gene transcription in the testes of the frog rana chensinensis after op exposure. two hundred positive clones were selected and 134 sequences of gene fragments were produced from the subtractive library randomly. these genes were identified to b ...201626896894
transcriptome sequencing and de novo analysis for oviductus ranae of rana chensinensis using illumina rna-seq technology. 201323522386
protective effects of oviductus ranae-containing serum on oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in rat ovarian granulosa cells.oviductus ranae (or) is a traditional chinese medicine derived from rana temporaria chensinensis david, and is known to have a wide variety of pharmacological effects.201728602868
expression of leptin receptor in the oviduct of chinese brown frog (rana dybowskii).the oviduct of chinese brown frog (rana dybowskii) expands specifically during prehibernation instead of in the breeding period. in this study, we investigated the expression of leptin receptor (ob-rb) in rana dybowskii oviduct during the breeding period and prehibernation. histologically, the oviduct of rana dybowskii consists of glandular cells, tubule lumen, and epithelial cells. the oviductal weight and pipe diameter also revealed significant differences, which were higher in prehibernation ...201728298331
effects of octylphenol on the expression of star, cyp17 and cyp19 in testis of rana chensinensis.it has been proposed that a decline in sperm quality is associated with exposure to environmental chemicals with estrogenic activity. seeking possible explanations for this effect, this study investigated the effects of octylphenol (op) on the synthesis of steroid hormones in amphibian. rana chensinensis were exposed to 10-8, 10-7 and 10-6mol/l op after 10, 20, 30 and 40 days. the cdna fragments of star (274bp), cyp17 (303bp) and cyp19 (322bp) were cloned. in situ hybridization and immunohistoch ...201728259069
immunoreactivities of nf-κb, il-1β and il-1r in the skin of chinese brown frog (rana dybowskii).the cytokine interleukin-1 beta (il-1β) is an evolutionarily conserved molecule that was originally identified in the immune system. nuclear factor κb (nf-κb) plays a critical role in the activation of immune cells by upregulating the expression of many cytokines. in this study, we investigated the localization and expression level of il-1β, its functional membrane receptor type i (il-1r1) and nf-κb in the skin of rana dybowskii during the breeding period and pre-hibernation. histologically, the ...201727919431
transcriptome analysis and identification of genes related to immune function in skin of the chinese brown frog.the chinese brown frog (rana chensinensis) is a special amphibian in northern china, as it has been used widely in traditional chinese medicine. the skin of the chinese brown frog is also a promising resource for producing diverse antimicrobial peptides. to obtain a more comprehensive view of the metabolism and effective pharmacological components of chinese brown frog skin, we constructed a non-normalized cdna library from the skin. by sequencing cdna clones at the 5' end, we obtained 5,976 hig ...200919267615
molecular cloning and functional characterization of antimicrobial peptides brevinin-1ulf and ulmin-1ula in the skin of the newly classified ryukyu brown frog rana ulma.antimicrobial peptides (amps) were previously isolated from the skin of the ryukyu brown frog rana okinavana. however, this species has recently been reclassified as two species, i.e., rana kobai and rana ulma. as a result, it was determined that amps isolated from r. okinavana were in fact products of r. kobai, but not of r. ulma. in the present study, we collected skin samples from the species r. ulma and cloned twelve cdnas encoding amp precursors for the acyclic brevinin-1ula--1ulf, the temp ...201729219046
electrospun poly(l-lactide)/zein nanofiber mats loaded with rana chensinensis skin peptides for wound dressing.electrospun nanofiber mats can display impressive performance as an ideal wound dressing. in this study, poly(l-lactide)(plla)/zein nanofiber mats loaded with rana chensinensis skin peptides (rcsps) were successfully produced by two different electrospinning techniques, blend and coaxial, with the goal of developing a wound dressing material. the nanofiber mats were investigated by environmental scanning electron microscope (esem), transmission electron microscopy (tem), fourier transform infrar ...201627432415
polypeptides from the skin of rana chensinensis exert the antioxidant and antiapoptotic activities on hacat cells.studies have shown that frog skin secretes many types of peptides that are good for human skin. in this study, acid and enzymatic extracts of rana skin peptides (acid/enzymatic rana skin peptides, arps/erps) were obtained. the chemical and physical properties of the arps and erps were identified through uv scanning, hglc, frit, and ms. mts and flow cytometry were used to test the proproliferative and antiapoptotic effects of the arps and erps on human immortalized keratinocytes (hacat cells). to ...201727385409
investigation of the anti-glioma activity of oviductus ranae protein hydrolysate.oviductus ranae is the dry oviducts of rana temporaria chensinensis, and it has been reported to have a range of biological activities. this study aimed to investigate the effects of oviductus ranae protein hydrolysate (orph) on human glioma c6 cell proliferation and apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. following in vitro treatment, cell viability and colony formation assays showed that orph inhibited c6 cell proliferation. in addition, the results of western blotting also demonstrated that orph effe ...201627261592
the expression of prostaglandin-e2 and its receptor in the oviduct of chinese brown frog (rana dybowskii).the chinese brown frog (rana dybowskii) has one special physiological phenomenon, which is that its oviduct expands prior to hibernation rather than in the breeding period. in this study, we investigated the immunolocalization and expression levels of prostaglandin-e2 (pge2), cyclooxygenase (cox)-1 and cox-2, as well as one of its receptor subtypes 4 (ep4) in the oviduct of rana dybowskii during the pre-hibernation and breeding period. pge2, cox-1, cox-2 and ep4 have been observed in glandular a ...201627246901
immunoreactivities of il-1β and il-1r in oviduct of chinese brown frog (rana dybowskii) during pre-hibernation and the breeding period.the chinese brown frog (rana dybowskii) has one special physiological phenomenon, which is that its oviduct goes through expansion prior to hibernation instead of during the breeding period. in this study, we investigated the localization and expression level of interleukin-1 (il-1β) and its functional membrane receptor type i (il1r1) proteins in the oviduct of r. dybowskii during pre-hibernation and the breeding period. there were significant differences in both oviductal weight and pipe diamet ...201626746863
effects of fluoride on development and growth of rana chensinensis embryos and larvae.the present study examined the adverse effects of fluoride exposure on embryos and larvae of rana chensinensis. survival, morphological abnormalities, growth and development, time to metamorphosis and size at metamorphic climax of r. chensinensis were examined. our results showed that embryos malformation occurred in all fluoride treatments. morphological abnormalities of embryos are characterized by axial flexures, the extrusion of fin axis, edema, and ruffled dorsal and ventral fin. additional ...201626745004
[study on the origin of rana temporaria for quality oviduetus ranae].to determine the origin of rana temporaria for quality oviduetus ranae in the light of historical documents and modern researches on the classification of rana temporaria chensinensis.200315015258
mode of action of anticancer peptides (acps) from amphibian origin.although cancer belongs to one of the leading causes of death around the world, fortunately studies have shown that tumor cells have various targets that are susceptible to attack. interestingly, tumor cells are comprised of cellular membranes, which are altered in chemical composition relative to non-neoplastic cells, giving them an increased net negative charge. these altered membranes are ideal targets for antimicrobial peptides (amps) shown to have additional tumoricidal properties and, henc ...201525667440
immunostimulatory activity of protein hydrolysate from oviductus ranae on macrophage in vitro.oviductus ranae is the dry oviduct of rana chensinensis, which is also called r. chensinensis oil. oviductus ranae is a valuable chinese crude drug and is recorded in the pharmacopoeia of the people's republic of china. the aim of this study was to investigate the immunostimulatory activity of protein hydrolysate of oviductus ranae (orph) and to assess its possible mechanism. immunomodulatory activity of orph was examined in murine macrophage raw 264.7 cells. the effect of orph on the phagocytic ...201425610475
extraction and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from rana chensinensis skin.the extraction process of polysaccharides from rana chensinensis skin was optimized by using a box-behnken design. the optimum extraction conditions were as follows: extraction time, 4.96h; extraction temperature, 100°c; ratio of water to raw material, 60; and extraction frequency, 1. under these conditions, the experimental polysaccharide yield was 2.03±0.14%, which agreed with the predicted yield. the purified polysaccharide rcsp ii was successfully obtained by diethylaminoethanol-sepharose an ...201525439863
hybridization and mitochondrial genome introgression between rana chensinensis and r. kukunoris.mitochondrial genome (mito-genome) introgression among metazoans is commonplace, and several biological processes may promote such introgression. we examined two proposed processes for the mito-genome introgression between rana chensinensis and r. kukunoris: natural hybridization and sex-biased dispersal. we sampled 477 individuals from 28 sites in the potential hybrid zone in the western tsinling mountains. mitochondrial gene (cyt-b) trees were used to examine the introgression events. microsat ...201425308955
immunoreactivities of pparγ2, leptin and leptin receptor in oviduct of chinese brown frog during breeding period and pre-hibernation.the chinese brown frog (rana dybowskii) is a special amphibian with one unique physiological phenomenon, which is that its oviduct expands prior to hibernation, instead of during the breeding period. in this study, we investigate the localization and expression level of pparγ2, leptin and leptin receptor proteins in oviduct of rana dybowskii during  breeding period and pre-hibernation. there were significant variations in oviductal weight and size, with values much lower in the breeding period t ...201425308849
differentiations of 5-ht and gas cells in the digestive canals of rana chensinensis tadpoles.in the current study, 5-nydroxytryptamine (5-ht) and gastrin (gas) cells in the digestive canals of rana chensinensis tadpoles at different developmental stages were investigated by immunohistochemistry. results showed that the 5-ht cells were only detected in the duodenum before metamorphosis began, and were extensively distributed in the stomach, duodenum, small intestine, and rectum thereafter, with the highest counts found in the duodenum and rectum when metamorphosis was completed. the gas ...201425017753
toxic effects of octylphenol on the expression of genes in liver identified by suppression subtractive hybridization of rana chensinensis.octylphenol (op) is the degradative product of alkylphenol ethoxylates that are widely used to produce rubber, pesticides, and paints. it is chemically stable substance and demonstrates estrogenic effects, toxicity and carcinogenic effects in the environment. the toxin accumulates rapidly in the liver where it exerts most of its damage, but the molecular mechanisms behind its toxicity remain unclear. due to limited information concerning the effect of op on liver, this study investigates how op ...201424158398
ranachensinin: a novel aliphatic tachykinin from the skin secretion of the chinese brown frog, rana chensinensis.amphibian skin secretions contain a plethora of pharmacologically-active substances and represent established sources of bioactive peptides, including tachykinins. tachykinins are one of the most widely-studied peptide families in animals and are found in neuroendocrine tissues from the lowest vertebrates to mammals. they are characterized by the presence of a highly-conserved c-terminal pentapeptide amide sequence motif (-fxglm-amide) that also constitutes the bioactive core of the peptide. ami ...201324073664
rapid cytotoxicity of antimicrobial peptide tempoprin-1cea in breast cancer cells through membrane destruction and intracellular calcium mechanism.temporin-1cea is an antimicrobial peptide isolated from the skin secretions of the chinese brown frog (rana chensinensis). we have previously reported the rapid and broad-spectrum anticancer activity of temporin-1cea in vitro. however, the detailed mechanisms for temporin-1cea-induced cancer cell death are still weakly understood. in the present study, the mechanisms of temporin-1cea-induced rapid cytotoxicity on two human breast cancer cell lines, mda-mb-231 and mcf-7, were investigated. the mt ...201323577112
toward understanding the genetic basis of adaptation to high-elevation life in poikilothermic species: a comparative transcriptomic analysis of two ranid frogs, rana chensinensis and r. kukunoris.understanding how organisms adapt to high-elevation environments at a genome scale provides novel insights into the process of adaptive evolution. previous studies have mainly focused on endothermic organisms, while poikilothermic species may have evolved different mechanisms to cope with high-elevation environments. in this context, we sequenced transcriptomes of a pair of closely related anuran species, rana chensinensis and r. kukunoris, which inhabit respective low- and high-elevation habita ...201223116153
inverse rensch's rule in a frog with female-biased sexual size dimorphism.rensch's rule claims that sexual size dimorphism (ssd) increases with body size when males are larger but decreases with body size when males are smaller. chinese wood frog rana chensinensis is a medium-sized species with female-biased size dimorphism. using data on body size and age in 27 populations covering the full known size range of the species, we tested the consistency of allometric relationships between the sexes with rensch's rule and evaluated the hypothesis that ssd is largely a func ...201222528023
speciation in the rana chensinensis species complex and its relationship to the uplift of the qinghai-tibetan plateau.speciation remains a fundamental issue in biology. herein, we report an investigation into speciation in the rana chensinensis species complex using dna sequence data from one mitochondrial and five nuclear genes. a phylogenetic analysis of the data revealed four major clades in the complex, and each of them was found to likely represent a species, including one cryptic species. ecological niche models were generated from 19 climatic variables for three of the four major clades, which were repre ...201222221323
[estrogen receptor expression and vitellogenin synthesis induced in hepatocytes of male frogs rana chensinensis exposed to bisphenol a].the effects of bisphenol a (bpa) on estrogen receptor (er) and vitellogenin (vtg) in hepatocytes of male amphibians have attracted significant attention in recent years. adult male frogs rana chensinensis were exposed to different concentrations of 10(-7), 10(-6) and 10(-5) mol/l bpa consecutively for 10, 20, and 30 d, respectively. we used 10(-9), 10(-8) mol/l 17β-esradiol (e(2)) as positive controls. the expressions of er mrna in the hepatocytes were detected by in situ hybridization, and er a ...201121698799
molecular cloning of novel antimicrobial peptide genes from the skin of the chinese brown frog, rana chensinensis.one species of the chinese brown frog, rana chensinensis, is widely distributed in north-central china. in this study, a cdna library was constructed to clone the antimicrobial peptides' genes from the skin of r. chensinensis. twenty-three prepropeptide cdna sequences encoding twelve novel mature antimicrobial peptides were isolated and characterized. six peptides belonged to three known families previously identified from other ranid frogs: temporin (4 peptides), brevinin-2 (1 peptide), and pal ...201121303203
validity and systematic position of rana altaica (rana: ranidae): results of a phylogenetic analysis.in order to evaluate the phylogenetic position and validity of rana altaica, we investigated the phylogeny of brown frogs in eurasia by bayesian inference and maximum parsimony analyses of a fragment from the mitochondrial dna gene cytochrome b. both analyses resolved r. altaica as nesting deeply within r. arvalis. most samples of the nominal r. altaica from the altai region and specimens from central siberia shared a haplotype with r. arvalis based on the network analysis. the matrilineal relat ...201020740695
[effects of cadmium on metamorphism and gonad differentiation in rana chensinensis].200 tadpoles of rana chensinensis at stage 26 - 27 were exposed to 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 or 0.4 mg/l cd2+ in tap water respectively until they're fully metamorphic after which the heteromorphic young frogs in different treatments were anatomized, females and males were identified through gonad observation, and the female ratio was calculated. localization of estrogen receptors (er) in liver cells was investigated in different treatments using immunocytochemistry. the results showed that cd2+ might indu ...201020672415
mechanical constraint on size-assortative paring success in a temperate frog: an experimental approach.in anurans with axillary amplexus, males may be unable to handle females much different in body size from them due to physical limitation. such mechanical constraint during the grasping processes is thought to be one of the proximate mechanisms leading to pairs to form size-assortively. using a pairing experiment, the purpose of this study was to test this prediction for a temperate frog (rana chensinensis) wherein some size-assortative matings occur in natural populations. we found a reduced pr ...201020637268
[cloning of cdnas encoding skin antimicrobial peptide precursors from chinese brown frogs, rana chensinensis and determination of antimicrobial, anticancer and hemolysis activity].amphibian skin antimicrobial peptides exhibit a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacterium and cytotoxic activity responsible for inhibiting the growth of cancer cells. in this present study, six cdnas encoding antimicrobial peptide precursors were cloned from the skin of chinese brown frog, rana chensinensis by rt-pcr and 3'-race procedure and identified as preprotemporin-1cea, preprotemporin-1ceb, preprotemporin-1cec, preprobrevinin-1cea, preprob ...200919441234
microsatellite dna markers for the chinese wood frog (rana chensinensis) and tests for their cross-utility in 15 ranid frog species.we developed 22 microsatellite markers for the chinese wood frog (rana chensinensis) to study the impact of landscape features on its population structure. thirty-four individuals from one breeding site were examined and 14 loci were polymorphic. the number of alleles, expected heterozygosity and observed heterozygosity varied from two to 14, from 0.0833 to 0.9118, and from 0.1376 to 0.8667, respectively. cross-species amplification was tested for 15 ranid frog species. the plateau brown frog, r ...200821585991
phylogenetic relationships of the chinese brown frogs (genus rana) inferred from partial mitochondrial 12s and 16s rrna gene sequences.based on partial sequences of the 12s and 16s ribosomal rna genes, we estimated phylogenetic relationships among brown frogs of the rana temporaria group from china. from the phylogenetic trees obtained, we propose to include rana zhengi in the brown frogs. monophyly of the brown frogs was not unambiguously supported, but four well-supported clades (a, b, c, and d) always emerged, although relationships among them remained unresolved. clade a contained brown frogs with 24 chromosomes and was spl ...200717409719
pulsed electric field extraction of polysaccharide from rana temporaria chensinensis david.in order to develop and optimize a pulsed electric field (pef) extraction method and evaluate it against conventional extraction methods for the extraction of polysaccharide from rana temporaria chensinensis david, we have investigated various experimental conditions, respectively, such as electric field intensity (10-30 kv/cm), pulse duration (2-6 micros) and concentration of distilling solvent (0-1% koh, v/v), and then optimized them by an orthogonal experiment. the result showed that the larg ...200616488565
interactions between chensinin-1, a natural antimicrobial peptide derived from rana chensinensis, and lipopolysaccharide.lipopolysaccharide (lps) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of sepsis caused by gram-negative bacterial infections. therefore, lps-neutralizing molecules would have important clinical applications. chensinin-1, a novel antimicrobial peptide with atypical structural features, was found in the skin secretions of the chinese brown frog rana chensinensis. to understand the role of lps in the bacterial susceptibility to chensinin-1 and to investigate its anti-endotoxin effects, the interaction ...201526340228
characterization and antioxidant activity in vitro and in vivo of polysaccharide purified from rana chensinensis skin.preliminary characterization and antioxidant activity in vitro and in vivo investigation of the polysaccharide fraction named as rcsp ii, which was extracted from rana chensinensis skin, were performed. results indicated that rcsp ii comprised glucose, galactose, and mannose in a molar ratio of 87.82:2.77:1.54 with a molecular weight of 12.8 kda. antioxidant activity assay in vitro showed that rcsp ii exhibited 75.2% scavenging activity against 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenz-thiazoline-6-sulfonic ac ...201525933517
expression of p450arom and estrogen receptor alpha in the oviduct of chinese brown frog (rana dybowskii) during prehibernation.one specific physiological phenomenon of chinese brown frog (rana dybowskii) is that its oviduct expands prior to hibernation instead of expanding during the breeding period. in this study, we investigated the expression of p450arom and estrogen receptors α and β (erα and erβ) in the oviduct of rana dybowskii during the breeding period and prehibernation. the results of the present study showed that there were significant differences in both oviductal weight and size with values markedly higher ...201525802518
[studies on the multiple gene system and gene linkage of lactate dehydrogenase in rana chensinensis].(1) with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the ldh isozymes of 333 individuals of rana chensinensis were analyzed, the frogs were sampled from four geographic population in shanxi province, p.r. china. the results indicated that the ldh isozymes of rana chensinensis are determined by three genes, they are ldh-a, ldh-b, ldh-c, ldh-a is a monomorphic locus, both ldh-b and ldh-c are polymorphic loci and each locus has two alleles, respectively. ldh-b links with ldh-c closely, it is assumed that l ...19968695175
postembryonic development of the olfactory and vomeronasal organs in the frog rana chensinensis.we studied by light microscopy the histological development of the olfactory and vomeronasal organ in tadpoles of the chinese forest frog, rana chensinensis, from postembryonic periods to the end of metamorphosis. unlike bufo americanus, the olfactory epithelium in larval r. chensinensis is not divided into dorsal and ventral branches in the rostral and mid-nasal regions. the olfactory epithelium in the dorsal portion of the buccal cavity in larval r. chensinensis may correspond to the ventral o ...200818558803
[adaptability of abnormal tadpole (rana chensinensis) to water ph, salinity and alkalinity in changbai mountain of china].under field condition with 16-18 degree c water temperature, single-factor acute toxicity test was used to study the toxicity effects of water ph, salinity and carbonate-alkalinity on abnormal tadpole (r. chensinensis). the results showed that when the water salinity was 0.18 g x l(-1), carbonate-alkalinity was 1.41 mmol x l(-1), and water ph was 4.3-9.7, the survival rate of abnormal tadpole within 96 hours was not affected. the upper limit of lc50 for the ph within 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours was ...200415573997
toxic effects of nh4+-n on embryonic development of bufo gargarizans and rana chensinensis.although nitrogen fertilizer is commonly used worldwide, little information is currently available about nh4+-n toxicity on amphibians. this study determined the acute and chronic toxic effects of nh4+-n on two native chinese amphibian species (bufo gargarizans and rana chensinensis), and compared the negative sensitivity of different embryos to nh4+-n. static renewal aqueous exposures were performed using b. gargarizans and r. chensinensis embryos at gosner stage 2 over 96 h. in terms of 96 h-l ...201728525875
expression of genes encoding antimicrobial peptides in the harderian gland of the bullfrog lithobates catesbeianus.the harderian gland is an orbital gland found in many tetrapod species that possess a nictitating membrane. while the main role of the harderian gland is lubrication of the eyeballs, numerous other functions are attributed to this gland. in amphibians, mast cells have been detected in the harderian gland, suggesting that the gland is involved in the host's system of innate immunity defending against microbial invasions. using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, we cloned from the bu ...201020510387
effects of antimicrobial peptide l-k6, a temporin-1ceb analog on oral pathogen growth, streptococcus mutans biofilm formation, and anti-inflammatory activity.dental caries and periodontitis are common bacterial mouth infections. as a potentially attractive substitute for conventional antibiotics, antimicrobial peptides have been widely tested and used for controlling bacterial infections. in this study, we tested the efficacy of the peptides from the skin secretions of rana chensinensis for killing several major cariogenic and periodontic pathogens as well as candida albicans. l-k6, a temporin-1ceb analog, exhibited high antimicrobial activity agains ...201425056289
a novel ribonuclease from rana chensinensis and its potential for the treatment of human breast cancer.onconase, a member of the pancreatic rnaase a superfamily of ribonucleases, is a chemotherapeutic agent, which has demonstrated selective antitumor activity in a variety of human malignancies. however, little is known about the mechanisms of it's action on human breast cancer cells. to investigate a novel onconase from the frog of rana chensinensis changbaishanensis on human breast cancer cells and the underlying mechanisms, a novel onconase named rdchonc from rana chensinensis changbaishanensis ...201526502078
possible role of tadpole of rana chensinensis as an intermediate host of angiostrongylus cantonesis. 1979529655
rana chensinensis ovum oil based on co2 supercritical fluid extraction: response surface methodology optimization and unsaturated fatty acid ingredient analysis.rana chensinensis ovum oil (rcoo) is an emerging source of unsaturated fatty acids (ufas), but it is lacking in green and efficient extraction methods. in this work, using the response surface strategy, we developed a green and efficient co2 supercritical fluid extraction (co2-sfe) technology for rcoo. the response surface methodology (rsm), based on the box-behnken design (bbd), was used to investigate the influence of four independent factors (pressure, flow, temperature, and time) on the yiel ...202032933060
antibacterial effects of a polypeptide-enriched extract of rana chensinensis via the regulation of energy metabolism.the improper usage of antibiotics is known to cause widespread antibiotic resistance. in this study, the antibacterial effects of a polypeptide-enriched extract from the skin of the amphibian rana chensinensis (rcp) were evaluated against the gram-negative bacteria escherichia coli and pseudomonas aeruginosa, the gram-positive bacterium staphylococcus aureus and the fungus candida albicans. the mechanisms underlying these effects were also studied, and the minimum inhibitory concentration of rcp ...202032415505
effects of octylphenol exposure on the lipid metabolism and microbiome of the intestinal tract of rana chensinensis tadpole by rnaseq and 16s amplicon sequencing.octylphenol (op) is a widely distributed endocrine disrupting chemical (edc), and can be commonly found in various and diverse environmental media. previous studies have reported that op exposure could cause many adverse effects on aquatic animals. however, knowledge concerning the impact of op on lipid metabolism in amphibians was still limited. in our study, rana chensinensis tadpoles were exposed to different op concentrations (0, 10-8, 10-7 and 10-6 mol/l) from the gosner stage (gs) 25-38. t ...202032315788
exposure to copper altered the intestinal microbiota in chinese brown frog (rana chensinensis).the intestinal microbiota is a crucial physiological system that offers multiple services to the host and contributes to the health of host. however, substantially less is known concerning the interrelation between amphibian gut microbiota and cu exposure. r. chensinensis larvae were exposed to different concentrations of cu (0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.75 μm) until reached gosner stage 38. histological and morphological data were measured by four cu exposure conditions. then, the diversity, structure, and ...202032036523
hypolipidemic activity of low-cholesterol ovum oil of rana chensinensis and phytosterol (stigmasterol) in rats.the ovum oil of forest frog has various health beneficial functions. in the current research, we evaluated the hypolipidemic effects of the low-cholesterol ovum oil from the forest frog and its combination with stigmasterol in rats.201931168975
octylphenol influence growth and development of rana chensinensis tadpoles via disrupting thyroid function.octylphenol (op), a class of endocrine disrupting chemicals (edcs), could produce adverse effects on developmental process of animals. thyroid hormone is one of the important hormones involved in animal development. to determine whether op affect the growth and development of amphibian larvae via interfering the thyroid function, rana chensinensis larvae at gosner stage 29 were exposed to 10-8, 10-7 and 10-6 mol/l op in the present study. results demonstrated that op could decrease the body leng ...201930502525
potential role of a series of lysine-/leucine-rich antimicrobial peptide in inhibiting lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation.antimicrobial peptides have broad-spectrum killing activities against bacteria, enveloped viruses, fungi and several parasites via cell membrane permeation and exhibit primarily immunomodulatory and anti-infective functions in their interactions with host cells. however, the mechanism underlying their anti-inflammatory activity remains to be elucidated. l-k6, an analog of temporin-1ceb isolated from the skin secretion of rana chensinensis, has demonstrated a wide range of antimicrobial activitie ...201830373763
toxicity of some prevalent organic chemicals to tadpoles and comparison with toxicity to fish based on mode of toxic action.although mode of action (moa) plays a key role in the understanding of the toxic mechanism of chemicals, the moas of class-based compounds to tadpoles have not been investigated. to explore the moas, acute toxicity (expressed as log 1/lc50) to rana chensinensis tadpoles were determined and molecular descriptors were calculated. quantitative structure-activity relationship (qsar) showed that toxicity to tadpoles is closely related to the chemical octanol/water partition coefficient (log kow), ene ...201930317118
oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity of rana chensinensis exposed to low doses of octylphenol.this study investigated the effects of low doses of octylphenol (op) on the oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity in amphibian liver. the frog, rana chensinensis, were exposed to 10-8, 10-7, 10-6 mol/l op for 10, 20 and 30 days. the activities of superoxide dismutase (sod), catalase (cat), glutathione peroxidase (gpx) in liver were reduced at first, then recovered slightly, and the content of malondialdehyde (mda) and hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) were increased significantly. histopathology showed tha ...201830312849
effects of low doses trichlorfon exposure on rana chensinensis tadpoles.trichlorfon is an organophosphate insecticide widely used in aquaculture and agriculture. little is known about the effects of long-term of low doses trichlorfon exposure on amphibians. in this study, we investigated the effects of low doses trichlorfon on rana chensinensis tadpoles after exposure to 0.01, 0.1, and 1.0 mg/l trichlorfon for 2 and 4 weeks. survival, growth, development and mortality were monitored regularly over the course of exposure. the results showed that trichlorfon led to a ...201930240524
daytime driving decreases amphibian roadkill.roadkill has gradually become a common factor that has contributed to the decline of amphibians, and traffic volume is an important parameter that can be used to determine the impacts of roads. however, few researchers have studied the effects of either daily or nightly traffic volume on amphibian roadkill in china. hence, as an essential step for implementing mitigation measures, we conducted 77 road surveys along 10 km of road in the wanglang national nature reserve (nnr) to determine the temp ...201830083473
comparative proteomic analysis of rana chensinensis oviduct.as one of most important traditional chinese medicine resources, the oviduct of female rana chensinensis (chinese brown frog) was widely used in the treatment of asthenia after sickness or delivery, deficiency in vigor, palpitation, and insomnia. unlike other vertebrates, the oviduct of rana chensinensis oviduct significantly expands during prehibernation, in contrast to the breeding period. to explain this phenomenon at the molecular level, the protein expression profiles of rana chensinensis o ...201829890619
extraction and characterization of collagen hydrolysates from the skin of rana chensinensis.the production of hasma generates plentiful non-edible by-products in china and central asia. as one of main by-products, the skin of rana chensinensis is discarded as waste without utilization. in this work, r. chensinensis skin collagen (rcsc) hydrolysates were extracted using pepsin under acidic conditions. the yield of rcsc is 15.1% (w/w). amino acid analysis revealed that rcsc contained glycine (204.5/1000 residues) and imino acids (182/1000 residues). rcsc exhibited high solubility in acid ...201829556435
the effect of cadmium exposure on diversity of intestinal microbial community of rana chensinensis tadpoles.cadmium is a natural and widely distributed toxicant, and can be commonly found in environment. intestinal microbiota plays a very important role in maintaining its host's health. the effects of cadmium on the intestinal microbiota composition and stability of amphibians are little known. we exposed rana chensinensis (r. chensinensis) embryos to different concentrations of cadmium (0, 112 and 448 μg cd l-1) until they reached gosner stage 38, and analyzed their microbial communities using 16s rr ...201829453162
authentication of oviductus ranae and its original animals using molecular marker.two pairs of diagnostic primers, ihm01-l/ihm01-h and ihm02-l/ihm02-h, for distinguishing the chinese crude drug oviductus ranae from its substitutes were designed based on sequences of cyt b gene fragment of the original animals of the drug and substitutes. total dnas were extracted from crude drugs purchased from five drugstores in different regions, as well as from original animals of the drug, rana chensinensis, and seven species of related ranid species. diagnostic polymerase chain reactions ...200212186405
chronic trichlorfon stress induces differential transcriptome expression and interferes with multifunctional pathways in the brain of rana chensinensis.trichlorfon is widely used to control pest insects and various parasitic infestations in agriculture, aquaculture and human medicine. however, the long-term widespread use and overuse of trichlorfon poses risks to public and environmental health. thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the interference of trichlorfon on gene transcription patterns in the brain of rana chensinensis with 4 weeks treatment under control conditions and 0.1 mg/l exposure. in total, 102,013 unigenes were obtained ...202033030406
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