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whole-genome sequencing of a green bush viper reovirus reveals a shared evolutionary history between reptilian and unusual mammalian orthoreoviruses.in this study, we sequenced the whole genome of a reovirus isolated from a green bush viper (atheris squamigera). the bush viper reovirus shared several features with other orthoreoviruses, including its genome organization. in phylogenetic analysis, this strain was monophyletic with broome virus and baboon orthoreovirus, indicating that these viruses might have originated from a common ancestor. these new molecular data supplement previous information based mainly on biological properties of re ...201423921622
reovirus fast proteins drive pore formation and syncytiogenesis using a novel helix-loop-helix fusion-inducing lipid packing sensor.pore formation is the most energy-demanding step during virus-induced membrane fusion, where high curvature of the fusion pore rim increases the spacing between lipid headgroups, exposing the hydrophobic interior of the membrane to water. how protein fusogens breach this thermodynamic barrier to pore formation is unclear. we identified a novel fusion-inducing lipid packing sensor (flips) in the cytosolic endodomain of the baboon reovirus p15 fusion-associated small transmembrane (fast) protein t ...201526061049
[orthoreoviruses].members of the genus orthoreovirus in the family reoviridae are nonenveloped, icosahedral viruses. their genomes contain 10 segments of double-stranded rna (dsrna). the orthoreoviruses are divided into two subgroups, the fusogenic and nonfusogenic reoviruses, based on the ability of the virus to induce cell-to-cell fusion. the fusogenic subgroup consists of the avian reovirus, baboon reovirus, pteropine reovirus, and reptilian reovirus, whereas the nonfusogenic subgroup consists of the prototypi ...201426437841
isolation and genomic characterization of a novel orthoreovirus from a brown-eared bulbul (hypsipetes amaurotis) in japan.five species, mammalian orthoreovirus, avian orthoreovirus (arv), nelson bay orthoreovirus (nbv), baboon orthoreovirus and reptilian orthoreovirus, have been identified in the genus orthoreovirus. their genomes each consist of 10 dsrna segments. a novel orthoreovirus was isolated from the haemorrhagic intestine of a dead brown-eared bulbul (hypsipetes amaurotis) in japan. the virus formed syncytia in caco-2 and vero cells. electron microscopy revealed non-enveloped capsids of ~70 nm diameter, wh ...201525740958
isolation of a novel fusogenic orthoreovirus from eucampsipoda africana bat flies in south africa.we report on the isolation of a novel fusogenic orthoreovirus from bat flies (eucampsipoda africana) associated with egyptian fruit bats (rousettus aegyptiacus) collected in south africa. complete sequences of the ten dsrna genome segments of the virus, tentatively named mahlapitsi virus (mahlv), were determined. phylogenetic analysis places this virus into a distinct clade with baboon orthoreovirus, bush viper reovirus and the bat-associated broome virus. all genome segments of mahlv contain a ...201627011199
reovirus-associated meningoencephalomyelitis in baboons.baboon orthoreovirus (brv) is associated with meningoencephalomyelitis (mem) among captive baboons. sporadic cases of suspected brv-induced mem have been observed at southwest national primate research center (snprc) for the past 20 years but could not be confirmed due to lack of diagnostic assays. an immunohistochemistry (ihc)-based assay using an antibody against brv fusion-associated small transmembrane protein p15 and a conventional polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based assay using primers s ...201323892376
virion structure of baboon reovirus, a fusogenic orthoreovirus that lacks an adhesion fiber.baboon reovirus (brv) is a member of the fusogenic subgroup of orthoreoviruses. unlike most other members of its genus, brv lacks s-segment coding sequences for the outer-fiber protein that binds to cell-surface receptors. it shares this lack with aquareoviruses, which constitute a related genus and are also fusogenic. we used electron cryomicroscopy and three-dimensional image reconstruction to determine the brv virion structure at 9.0-å resolution. the results show that brv lacks a protruding ...201121593159
helix-destabilizing, beta-branched, and polar residues in the baboon reovirus p15 transmembrane domain influence the modularity of fast proteins.the fusogenic reoviruses induce syncytium formation using the fusion-associated small transmembrane (fast) proteins. a recent study indicated the p14 fast protein transmembrane domain (tmd) can be functionally replaced by the tmds of the other fast proteins but not by heterologous tmds, suggesting that the fast protein tmds are modular fusion units. we now show that the p15 fast protein is also a modular fusogen, as indicated by the functional replacement of the p15 ectodomain with the correspon ...201121367887
apoptosis induced by duck reovirus p10.8 protein in primary duck embryonated fibroblast and vero e6 cells.muscovy duck reovirus (mdrv) is an important poultry pathogen that causes high morbidity and mortality in ducklings. the mechanisms by which viruses kill susceptible cells, and ultimately produce diseases, in muscovy duck remain poorly understood. in this study, we focused on the biologic functions of the mdrv p10.8 protein in vitro. the p10.8 protein is a small protein of mdrv that is encoded by the first open reading frame of the s4 segment. in our study, the p10.8-encoding gene was individual ...200919848085
extensive syncytium formation mediated by the reovirus fast proteins triggers apoptosis-induced membrane instability.the fusion-associated small transmembrane (fast) proteins of the fusogenic reoviruses are the only known examples of membrane fusion proteins encoded by non-enveloped viruses. while the involvement of the fast proteins in mediating extensive syncytium formation in virus-infected and -transfected cells is well established, the nature of the fusion reaction and the role of cell-cell fusion in the virus replication cycle remain unclear. to address these issues, we analyzed the syncytial phenotype i ...200515956554
unusual topological arrangement of structural motifs in the baboon reovirus fusion-associated small transmembrane protein.select members of the reoviridae are the only nonenveloped viruses known to induce syncytium formation. the fusogenic orthoreoviruses accomplish cell-cell fusion through a distinct class of membrane fusion-inducing proteins referred to as the fusion-associated small transmembrane (fast) proteins. the p15 membrane fusion protein of baboon reovirus is unique among the fast proteins in that it contains two hydrophobic regions (h1 and h2) recognized as potential transmembrane (tm) domains, suggestin ...200515858006
identification and characterization of a baboon reovirus-specific nonstructural protein encoded by the bicistronic s4 genome segment.all characterized orthoreoviruses encode a characteristic spike-like protein on their polycistronic s1 genome segments that mediates virus cell attachment. in the case of baboon reovirus (brv), the polycistronic s-class genome segment corresponds to the smallest s4 segment. we recently determined that the 5'-proximal open reading frame (orf) of the bicistronic s4 segment encodes a nonstructural protein responsible for virus-induced syncytium formation. current analysis indicates that the p16 pro ...200212490402
the s4 genome segment of baboon reovirus is bicistronic and encodes a novel fusion-associated small transmembrane protein.we demonstrate that the s4 genome segment of baboon reovirus (brv) contains two sequential partially overlapping open reading frames (orfs), both of which are functional in vitro and in virus-infected cells. the 15-kda gene product (p15) of the 5"-proximal orf induces efficient cell-cell fusion when expressed by itself in transfected cells, suggesting that p15 is the only viral protein required for induction of syncytium formation by brv. the p15 protein is a small, hydrophobic, basic, integral ...200211836390
extensive sequence divergence and phylogenetic relationships between the fusogenic and nonfusogenic orthoreoviruses: a species proposal.the orthoreoviruses can be divided into subgroups based on either their restricted host range or the unusual ability of certain members of this group of nonenveloped viruses to induce cell-cell fusion from within. phylogenetic relationships cannot be inferred based on these biological properties because fusogenic reoviruses are present in both the avian and mammalian subgroups. to address this issue, the complete nucleotide sequences of the three s-class genome segments encoding the major sigma- ...199910417266
characterization of a novel syncytium-inducing baboon reovirus.a syncytium-inducing reovirus was recently isolated from brain homogenates of a baboon suffering from acute, progressive meningoencephalo myelitis. this baboon reovirus (brv) was classified as a member of the genus orthoreovirus, family reoviridae, on the basis of the characteristic capsid morphology and genome and protein profiles. we have assessed the relationship between brv and the other syncytium-inducing reoviruses in order to determine whether the emergence of this virus represents a host ...19957571448
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