Publications

organochlorine insecticide residues in ducklings and their dilution by growth.	residues of ddt, ddd, dde, and dieldrin in 7 species of ducklings from alberta, canada, were measured. levels of ddt and metabolites ranged from 0 to 36.48 ppm in fat of 96% of the birds and from 0 to 0.97 ppm im muscle from 67% of the birds. residue levels of dieldrin ranged from 0 to 2.62 ppm in fat and from 0 to 0.11 ppm in muscle of 43 and 19% of the birds, respectively. growth dilution was considered to be the most significant factor in reducing the insecticide residue levels in the ducklin ...	1976	963316
american wigeon mortality associated with turf application of diazinon ag500.	nine fairways of a golf course located in bellingham, washington were treated with diazinon ag500 at a target application rate of 2.2 kg active ingredient (ai) per ha. the chemical application with a "boomless" sprayer resulted in a variable distribution of diazinon residues on the turf (associated with a deep thatch layer) that ranged from 1.0 to 6.2 kg ai/ha. the diazinon-treated turf was irrigated with 1.3 cm of water immediately following application. the post-irrigation diazinon residue lev ...	1992	1602578
correlations of daily activity with avian cholera mortality among wildfowl.	we tested the hypothesis that wildfowl activities can influence the risk of avian cholera (pasteurella multocida infection) for susceptible birds at centerville, humboldt county, california (usa). avian cholera mortality characteristics from past epizootics were correlated with variations in flock size, habitat use and 11 feeding and nonfeeding behaviors among six empirically defined groups of wildfowl: american coots (fulica americana), tundra swans (cygnus columbianus), american wigeon (anas a ...	1991	1758019
epizootiological features of avian cholera on the north coast of california.	an avian cholera (pasteurella multocida) epizootic was observed among wildfowl at the centerville gun club, humboldt county, california (usa) in january 1978. compared to their live populations and use of the area, coots (fulica americana) died in proportionately greater numbers than any other species. coots collected by gunshot were evaluated for sex and age composition, and morphometry from november 1977 through mid-january 1978 at this site. there was no substantial difference in the sex, age ...	1989	2716104
gastrointestinal helminths of the mexican duck, anas platyrhynchos diazi ridgway, from north central mexico and southwestern united states.	twenty-five species of helminths, recovered from the gastrointestinal tracts of 129 mexican ducks from mexico and the united states, were all new host records. the species included: echinoparyphium recurvatum, echinostoma revolutum, hypoderaeum conoideum, notocotylus attenuatus, prosthogonimus cuneatus, zygocotyle lunata, anomotaenia ciliata, cloacotaenia megalops, diorchis bulbodes, diorchis sp., drepanidotaenia lanceolata, echinocotyle rosseteri, fimbriaria fasciolaris, fimbriarioides sp., hym ...	1986	3951061
helminth fauna of waterfowl in central oklahoma.	free-ranging waterfowl wintering in and migrating through central oklahoma were collected and examined for intestinal helminths. seventy-one ducks, including mallards (anas platyrhynchos), american widgeons (anas americana), blue-winged teal (anas discors), and green-winged teal (anas crecca) were examined; 64 (90.1%) harbored one or more species of metazoa. six cestodes, 6 trematodes, 6 nematodes, and 1 acanthocephalan were identified, an experimental, non-flying population of ducks was establi ...	1980	7373725
response of canada geese to a turf application of diazinon ag500.	we investigated the effects of a turf application of the insecticide diazinon ag500 on canada geese (branta canadensis) on a golf course in coastal washington (usa). on both 19 and 26 march 1987, 1 ha of turf on a golf course located in birch bay, washington was treated with diazinon ag500 at a target application rate of 2.2 kg active ingredient per hectare (ai/ha). treated areas were then irrigated with 6 mm water. grass and water samples were collected from three different sites one day before ...	1993	8355349
influenza a viruses isolated from waterfowl in two wildlife management areas of pennsylvania.	a survey was conducted at two wildlife management areas of pennsylvania (usa) to evaluate an antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ac-elisa) for the detection of avian influenza viruses (aiv) in cloacal swabs from waterfowl and to determine the influenza a virus subtypes and the distribution of these viruses among waterfowl. we collected 330 cloacal swabs from hunter-killed waterfowl in the fall of 1990 and from cage-captured waterfowl in the summer of 1991. thirty-one hemagglutinat ...	1995	8583635
metal and sediment ingestion by dabbling ducks.	the chemical analysis of intestinal digesta from hunter-killed carcasses or of wildlife scat is a promising means of estimating the exposure of wildlife to those environmental contaminants that, like lead, are poorly absorbed in the digestive tract. when evaluating contaminants at a site, biologists may find the results of this non-destructive approach more straightforward to interpret in terms of exposure to wildlife than would be analyses of soils, sediments, water, or wildlife tissues. to ill ...	1999	10472136
geographical gradients in the population dynamics of north american prairie ducks.	1. geographic gradients in population dynamics may occur because of spatial variation in resources that affect the deterministic components of the dynamics (i.e. carrying capacity, the specific growth rate at small densities or the strength of density regulation) or because of spatial variation in the effects of environmental stochasticity. to evaluate these, we used a hierarchical bayesian approach to estimate parameters characterizing deterministic components and stochastic influences on popul ...	2008	18631261
influenza a viruses in wild birds of the pacific flyway, 2005-2008.	avian influenza viruses (aivs) pose a significant threat to public health, and viral subtypes circulating in natural avian reservoirs can contribute to the emergence of pathogenic influenza viruses in humans. we investigated the prevalence and distribution of aivs in 8826 migratory and resident wild birds in north america along the pacific flyway, which is a major north-south migration pathway that overlaps with four other flyways in alaska providing opportunities for mixing of eurasian and amer ...	2010	20059316
waterfowl ecology and avian influenza in california: do host traits inform us about viral occurrence?	we examined whether host traits influenced the occurrence of avian influenza virus (aiv) in anatidae (ducks, geese, swans) at wintering sites in california's central valley. in total, 3487 individuals were sampled at sacramento national wildlife refuge and conaway ranch duck club during the hunting season of 2007-08. of the 19 anatidae species sampled, prevalence was highest in the northern shoveler (5.09%), followed by the ring-necked duck (2.63%), american wigeon (2.57%), bufflehead (2.50%), g ...	2010	20521673
mx gene diversity and influenza association among five wild dabbling duck species (anas spp.) in alaska.	mx (myxovirus-resistant) proteins are induced by interferon and inhibit viral replication as part of the innate immune response to viral infection in many vertebrates. influenza a virus appears to be especially susceptible to mx antiviral effects. we characterized exon 13 and the 3' utr of the mx gene in wild ducks, the natural reservoir of influenza virus and explored its potential relevance to influenza infection. we observed a wide range of intra- and interspecies variations. total nucleotide ...	2010	20621205
[genetic structure of the far eastern population of eurasian wigeon anas penelope inferred from sequencing of the mitochondrial dna control region].	sequence variation of the 5' end of the mitochondrial dna control region (600 bp) was examined in the population samples of eurasian wigeon anas penelope from anadyr' and primorye. a total of 11 different mtdna haplotypes were identified, with one of these belonging to american wigeon anas americana. the presence of the mtdna haplotype from the species closely relative to a. penelope in the anadyr' sample can be considered as the genetic evidence in favor of interspecific hybridization. this sug ...	2010	20873206
interspecies transmission and limited persistence of low pathogenic avian influenza genomes among alaska dabbling ducks.	the reassortment and geographic distribution of low pathogenic avian influenza (lpai) virus genes are well documented, but little is known about the persistence of intact lpai genomes among species and locations. to examine persistence of entire lpai genome constellations in alaska, we calculated the genetic identities among 161 full-genome lpai viruses isolated across 4 years from five species of duck: northern pintail (anas acuta), mallard (anas platyrhynchos), american green-winged teal (anas ...	2011	21964597
survey for west nile virus antibodies in wild ducks, 2004-06, usa.	detection of west nile virus (wnv) in ducks has been reported in north america in isolated cases of mortality in wild waterbirds and following outbreaks in farmed ducks. although the virus has been noted as an apparent incidental finding in several species of ducks, little is known about the prevalence of exposure or the outcome of infection with wnv in wild ducks in north america. from 2004-06, we collected sera from 1,406 wild-caught american wigeon ( anas americana ), mallard ( anas platyrhyn ...	2016	26981693
high rates of detection of clade 2.3.4.4 highly pathogenic avian influenza h5 viruses in wild birds in the pacific northwest during the winter of 2014-15.	in 2014, clade 2.3.4.4 h5n8 highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) viruses spread across the republic of korea and ultimately were reported in china, japan, russia, and europe. mortality associated with a reassortant hpai h5n2 virus was detected in poultry farms in western canada at the end of november. the same strain (with identical genetic structure) was then detected in free-living wild birds that had died prior to december 8, 2014, of unrelated causes in whatcom county, washington, u. s. ...	2016	27309079
first molecular identification of australapatemon burti (miller, 1923) (trematoda: digenea: strigeidae) from an intermediate host radix labiata (rossmaessler) (gastropoda: lymnaeidae) in europe.	the strigeid digenean species australapatemon burti (miller, 1923) (trematoda: digenea: strigeidae) was originally described from north america, but recorded in the neotropical region (drago et al. 2007; hernández-mena et al. 2014; blasco-costa et al. 2016) and in central europe (faltýnková et al. 2007). in europe, this species is rare, and there is not much information about its range (faltýnková et al. 2007; soldánová et al. 2012). australapatemon burti has a complex life cycle with three larv ...	2016	27395696
surveillance for highly pathogenic influenza a viruses in california during 2014-2015 provides insights into viral evolutionary pathways and the spatiotemporal extent of viruses in the pacific americas flyway.	we used surveillance data collected in california before, concurrent with, and subsequent to an outbreak of highly pathogenic (hp) clade 2.3.4.4 influenza a viruses (iavs) in 2014-2015 to (i) evaluate iav prevalence in waterfowl, (ii) assess the evidence for spill-over infections in marine mammals and (iii) genetically characterize low-pathogenic (lp) and hp iavs to refine inference on the spatiotemporal extent of hp genome constellations and to evaluate possible evolutionary pathways. we screen ...	2017	28874792