Publications

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uptake of cadmium and nickel in banana prawn (penaeus merguiensis de man). 19902257328
quantitative and qualitative aspects of bacterial flora of karachi coastal water shrimp (penaeus merguiensis and metapenaeus monoceros).bacterial counts were made over a period of two years of two important commercial shrimp varieties of karachi coastal waters. bacteria were also isolated and identified. total number of bacteria were found to be remarkably equal at 37 degrees, 30 degrees and 25 degrees c. aerobic plate count of penaeus merguiensis at 37 degrees c ranged from 1.2 x 10(5) to 6.0 x 10(7) cfu/g (median 1.8 x 10(6) cfu/g), and were predominantly vibrio, micrococcus, pseudomonas, staphylococcus, bacillus, and flavobac ...19853913252
toxic effects of dissolved copper on penaeus merguiensis and penaeus monodon. 19957663095
toxicity of nickel ores to marine organisms.queensland nickel proposes to import new caledonian (ballande) and indonesian (gebe) nickel ores, one option being ship-to-barge transfer in halifax bay, north queensland. because small amounts of ore may be split during the unloading and transfer operations, it was important to investigate the potential impact of the spilt ore on the ecological health of the bay. long-term leaching of the ores with seawater showed that only nickel and chromium (vi) were released from the ores in sufficient conc ...19948029690
differences in the susceptibility of some penaeid prawn species to gill-associated virus (gav) infection.four species of penaeid prawn cultured in australia (penaeus monodon, penaeus esculentus, marsupenaeus japonicus and fenneropenaeus merguiensis) were injected with a virulent preparation of gill-associated virus (gav). p. monodon (average weight = 8.9, 13.9 and 19.2 g), p. esculentus (average weight = 19.5 g), f. merguiensis (average weight = 10.5 g), and small (average weight = 5.8 g) m. japonicus displayed overt signs of disease and mortalities which reached 82 to 100% within 23 d post-injecti ...200011104074
quantitative assessment of phagocytic activity of hemocytes in the prawn, penaeus merguiensis, by flow cytometric analysis.the blood cells of crustaceans are involved in phagocytosis of invading microorganisms, contributing to their defense mechanisms. in this study, phagocytic activity of hemocytes of the prawn, penaeus merguiensis, was quantitated by means of flow cytometric analysis.200111122487
bacterial flora from the gut of the wild and cultured banana prawn, penaeus merguiensis.there is growing awareness of the influence of the bacterial composition of the gut on the health and growth of the host. this study compared the bacterial flora from the digestive system of the wild and cultured prawn, penaeus merguiensis.200212147069
white spot syndrome virus (wssv) infects specific hemocytes of the shrimp penaeus merguiensis.white spot syndrome virus (wssv) was specifically detected by pcr in penaeus merguiensis hemocytes, hemolymph and plasma. this suggested a close association between the shrimp hemolymph and the virus. three types of hemocyte from shrimp were isolated using flow cytometry. dynamic changes of the hemocyte subpopulations in p. merguiensis at different times after infection were observed, indicating that the wssv infection selectively affected specific subpopulations. immunofluorescence assay (ifa) ...200212553452
distribution of trace elements in tissues of two shrimp species from the persian gulf and roles of metallothionein in their redistribution.this study investigates the distribution of three trace elements (cd, cu and zn) in tissues (exoskeleton, abdominal muscle and hepatopancreas) of two shrimp species (penaeus merguiensis and penaeus semisulcatus). special emphasis in this study was placed on evaluating the effects of storage conditions on redistribution of the elements and moreover the potential roles of metallothionein in tissue redistribution. the specimens were collected from the northern part of persian gulf during september ...200515734186
purification and characterization of a lectin from the banana shrimp fenneropenaeus merguiensis hemolymph.a lectin from the hemolymph of the banana shrimp fenneropenaeus merguiensis was purified by affinity chromatography on a fetuin-agarose column following by gel filtration on a superose-12 column. the native molecular mass of purified f. merguiensis lectin (fml) determined by gel filtration was 316.2 kda and its carbohydrate content was estimated to be 4.4%. by sds-page analysis, purified fml consisted of 32.3 kda and 30.9 kda subunits. these data suggest that this lectin is an oligomer. two-dime ...200716934939
isolation and expression analysis of multiple isoforms of putative farnesoic acid o-methyltransferase in several crustacean species.farnesoic acid o-methyltransferase (famet) is the enzyme responsible for the conversion of farnesoic acid (fa) to methyl farnesoate (mf) in the final step of mf synthesis. multiple isoforms of putative famet were isolated from six crustacean species belonging to the families portunidae, penaeidae, scyllaridae and parastacidae. the portunid crabs portunus pelagicus and scylla serrata code for three forms: short, intermediate and long. two isoforms (short and long) were isolated from the penaeid p ...200716999957
taqman real-time pcr for detection of hepatopancreatic parvovirus from australia.hepatopancreatic parvovirus is an emerging disease in crustacean aquaculture. consequently, methods of detection are needed that enable the sensitive detection and confirmation of the virus better than currently used methods such as histology and conventional polymerase chain reaction (pcr). a taqman based real-time pcr assay was developed for the detection of the australian isolate of hepatopancreatic parvovirus which is only 85% similar to its nearest known relative. the taqman assay was devel ...200717118464
molecular characterisation of hepatopancreatic parvovirus (pmergdnv) from australian penaeus merguiensis.hepatopancreatic parvovirus infection is associated with reduced growth rates of prawns during the juvenile stages and overt mortalities. hepatopancreatic parvovirus was purified from penaeus merguiensis from northern queensland and a partial consensus sequence of 5.9 kb was obtained. nucleotide comparisons revealed that the australian isolate of hpv has a nucleotide similarity (87%) closer to hpvchin and the full sequence of hpv penaeus monodon (pmdnv) (6321 bp) than to hpvsemi (83%). three put ...200717275056
cloning and characterization of a caspase gene from black tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon)-infected with white spot syndrome virus (wssv).a black tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon) caspase cdna homologue (pmcasp) has been identified from a hemocyte library using a previously identified caspase homologue from the banana shrimp (penaeus merguiensis) as a probe. the full-length pmcasp was 1202bp with a 954bp open reading frame, encoding 317 amino acids. the deduced protein contained a potential active site (qacrg pentapeptide) conserved in most caspases. it had 83% identity with caspase of p. merguiensis and 30% identity with drice prote ...200717617486
isolation and functional characterization of a new shrimp ovarian peritrophin with antimicrobial activity from fenneropenaeus merguiensis.shrimp ovarian peritrophin (sop), a major protein in jelly layer (jl) and cortical rods (crs), is proposed to play a role in the protection of spawned eggs. the full sequence of sop cdna from fenneropenaeus merguiensis (fm-sop) shares approximately 50% identity with other sop sequences and contains several putative chitin-binding or peritrophin-a domains. interestingly, fm-sop contains a putative 61-amino acid propeptide located at the n-terminal end, downstream of a 19-amino acid signal peptide ...200717641929
isolation and characterization of bacteria from the copepod pseudocaligus fugu ectoparasitic on the panther puffer takifugu pardalis with the emphasis on ttx.a total of 50 bacterial isolates was obtained from the copepod pseudocaligus fugu, which is a common parasite, collected from the body surface of the panther puffer takifugu pardalis. on the basis of colony characteristics, these bacterial isolates were grouped into six types, of which only two (types-i and -ii) showed a high affinity for adhesion to the carapace of the banana shrimp penaeus merguiensis. these two types of adhesive bacteria were identified through 16s rrna sequence analysis as s ...200717698158
the use of insects as a bioassay for penaeus merguiensis densovirus (pmergdnv).the lack of available cell lines has hampered the study of viral diseases in crustaceans. this is particularly important for aquaculture which has been plagued by viral diseases since its rapid expansion to meet with the growing demand for seafood products. this study was designed to find an alternative bioassay to cell lines by investigating the use of insects as potential animal models for penaeus merguiensis densovirus (pmergdnv). acheta domesticus (house cricket) and tenebrio molitor (mealwo ...200818191141
molecular cloning, characterization, expression and antibacterial analysis of a lysozyme homologue from fenneropenaeus merguiensis.the gene coding for lysozyme in banana prawn (fenneropenaeus merguiensis) was cloned, sequenced and expressed in pet-32a vector. the deduced amino acid sequence of f. merguiensis lysozyme showed 37-93% similarity with the mouse, human, chicken, and tiger prawn counterparts. the lysozyme was purified to homogeneity and observed as a band of approximately 15 kda in 12% sds-page. semiquantitative rt-pcr analysis demonstrated that mrna transcripts of lysozyme could be mainly detected in the tissues ...200918798009
the effect of vibrio alginolyticus infection on caspase-3 expression and activity in white shrimp litopenaeus vannamei.complementary (c)dna encoding cysteine aspartate protease-3 (caspase-3) messenger (m)rna of the white shrimp litopenaeus vannamei was obtained from haemocytes by a reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) using oligonucleotide primers based on the caspase sequences of penaeus merguiensis, spodoptera frugiperda, spodoptera littoralis, and penaeus monodon. the 1212-bp cdna contained an open reading frame (orf) of 951bp, a 56-bp 5'-untrans ...200818840531
characterization and biological activity of the ribosomal protein l10a of the white shrimp: fenneropenaeus merguiensis de man during vitellogenesis.the molecular events in the ovaries of fenneropenaeus merguiensis de man during vitellogenesis were investigated. the ribosomal protein l10a (rpl10a) was characterized and cloned. it consisted of 669 bp and the deduced polypeptide had 217 amino acids (genebank/ebi accession number fj623402). the calculated molecular mass and pi were 25.7 kda and 10.06, respectively. an immunohistochemical technique showed that rpl10a was located in the cytoplasm and nucleus of developing oocytes and follicle cel ...201019697087
occurrence of toxigenic vibrio parahaemolyticus strains in shrimp in iran.vibrio parahaemolyticus, a common cause of foodborne gastroenteritis in people, is frequently isolated from a variety of seafood, including shrimp. the virulence of clinical v. parahaemolyticus strains is commonly associated with expression of thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) and tdh-related hemolysin (trh), which are encoded by the tdh and trh genes. this study was conducted to determine the prevalence rate of total and toxigenic v. parahaemolyticus in shrimp caught off the south coast of ir ...201020528175
attempts at producing a hybridised penaeus mondon cell line by cellular fusion.the lack of a standardised system for the isolation, identification and purification of prawn viruses, is a major obstacle to the control of viruses in penaeid aquaculture. to date, spontaneous and induced transformation of somatic penaeid cells has failed. hybrid cells with the aim of supporting the growth of penaeid viruses were created using polyethylene glycol (peg)-mediated fusion with two immortal cell lines, epithelioma papulosum cyprinid (epc) and spodoptera frugiperda pupal ovarian cell ...201020580832
molecular cloning of a c-type lectin with two crd domains from the banana shrimp fenneropenaeus merguiensis: early gene up-regulation after vibrio harveyi infection.a diverse class of pattern-recognition proteins called lectins play important roles in shrimp innate immunity. a novel c-type lectin gene (fmlc) was cloned from the hepatopancreas of banana shrimp fenneropenaeus merguiensis by means of pcr and 5' and 3' rapid amplification of cdna ends (race). the full-length cdna consists of 1118 bp with one 1002 bp open reading frame, encoding 333 amino acids. its deduced amino acid sequence contains a putative signal peptide of 20 amino acids. fmlc contains t ...201120833183
lactic acid as a potential decontaminant of selected foodborne pathogenic bacteria in shrimp (penaeus merguiensis de man).fresh raw shrimps were dipped for 10, 20, and 30 min at room temperature (25°c ± 1°c) in lactic acid (la; 1.5%, 3.0%, v/v) to evaluate their antipathogenic effects against vibrio cholerae, vibrio parahaemolyticus, salmonella entreitidis, and escherichia coli o157:h7 inoculated at a level of 10(5) cfu/g. significant reductions in the population of all these pathogenic bacteria were recorded after dipping treatments, which were correlated to the corresponding la concentrations and treatment time. ...201021034165
translationally controlled tumor protein against apoptosis from 2-hydroxy-ethyl methacrylate in human dental pulp cells.2-hydroxy-ethyl methacrylate (hema) is a major monomer released from resin-base dental restorative materials. hema is cytotoxic to pulp cells and leads to apoptosis. this study examined the effect of translationally controlled tumor protein (tctp) against apoptosis from hema. tctp from banana prawn (penaeus merguiensis) was cloned and the protein was purified. it significantly increased the number of viable of hema-treated cells compared to hema-treated cells alone. flow cytometry indicated the ...201121562890
natural radionuclide of po210 in the edible seafood affected by coal-fired power plant industry in kapar coastal area of malaysia.abstract: background: po210 can be accumulated in various environmental materials, including marine organisms, and contributes to the dose of natural radiation in seafood. the concentration of this radionuclide in the marine environment can be influenced by the operation of a coal burning power plant but existing studies regarding this issue are not well documented. therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate the po210 concentration level in marine organisms from the coastal area of kapar, ...201121595985
the effect of penaeus merguiensis densovirus on penaeus merguiensis production in queensland, australia.penaeus merguiensis densovirus (pmergdnv) is currently present on several queensland prawn farms culturing penaeus merguiensis. densoviruses have been linked to mortality and stunting that has caused significant financial loss to prawn farms in asia. a histopathological study for pmergdnv was initially undertaken to compare broodstock to grow out factors from 60 broodstock animals from each of 22 ponds. there was a significant negative correlation (r = -0.61) between the number of animals with p ...201121605127
natural host-range and experimental transmission of laem-singh virus (lsnv).slow growth caused by viral diseases has become a major constraint in shrimp aquaculture. laem-singh virus (lsnv), a positive-sense single-stranded rna (ssrna) virus, has been identified in penaeus monodon showing slow growth syndrome. to examine the host-range and transmission modes of the virus, 6 species of penaeid shrimp of varying life stages, sourced from the wild and from farms, as well as juvenile mud crabs scylla serrata, were screened using rt-nested pcr. lsnv was detected in p. monodo ...201121991662
effect of lactobacillus plantarum isolated from digestive tract of wild shrimp on growth and survival of white shrimp (litopenaeus vannamei) challenged with vibrio harveyi.two hundred and two strains of lactic acid bacteria (lab) isolated from digestive tracts of cultivated and wild adult shrimp, including litopenaeus vannamei, metapenaeus brevicornis and penaeus merguiensis were selected based on their antibacterial activity against vibrio harveyi. lab strain of mro3.12 exhibiting highest reduction of v. harveyi was identified as lactobacillus plantarum mro3.12 based on the nucleotide sequence of its 16s rdna, which showed 99% (780/786 bp) homology to l. plantaru ...201222126856
chitin from penaeus merguiensis via microbial fermentation processing and antioxidant activity.the ability of three proteases producing bacteria such as pseudomonas aeruginosa, serratia marcescens, and bacillus pumilus on the demineralization and deproteinzation efficiency of shrimp waste, for chitin extraction, was investigated. statistical analysis of data was showed a significant difference between the percentage of demineralization and deproteinization in different bacteria species (p<0.05). the highest deproteinization (74.76%) and demineralization rate (78.46%) was obtained with p. ...201626519877
antimicrobial activity of engineered shrimp ovarian peritrophin fragments from fenneropenaeus merguiensis.shrimp ovarian peritrophin (sop), a major protein in jelly layer and cortical rods, plays a role in egg protection after spawning. previous study, sequence of sop gene from fenneropenaeus merguiensis (fm-sop) was composed of domain a and domain b. the sop domain a contains amino acid sequences between 1-80 of fm-sop. the domain a had six conserved cysteines which have been found in many antimicrobial peptides. the molecular weight of purified rsop-a protein was about 9 kda. the sop domain b cont ...201525159507
first description of 'chalky back' phenomenon in banana prawns (fenneropenaeus merguiensis) and its possible association with vibrio and photobacterium species.here we report a newly identified 'chalky back' phenomenon in banana prawns (fenneropenaeus merguiensis) farmed in north queensland, australia. this was characterized by localized white discoloured segmentation of the cervical groove, moreover, after cooking the prawns exploded, making them unfit for commercial sale. histological examination revealed breakdown of gut and abdominal muscle tissue in some moribund specimens. we selectively isolated vibrio spp., which are known prawn pathogens, from ...201626825678
oral administration of formalin killed vibrio anguillarum cells improves growth and protection against challenge with vibrio harveyi in banana shrimp.larval rearing in hatcheries and highly intensive grow-out culture practices followed in shrimp production systems favour the growth of potential pathogenic bacterial loads. this study reports the efficacy of formalin-killed vibrio bacterin on growth, survival and protection to challenge with virulent vibrio harveyi and vibrio anguillarum in juveniles of banana shrimp fenneropenaeus merguiensis. postlarvae 15 (0·24 ± 0·01 g) were administered orally in different concentrations of bacterial prepa ...201424138117
sialic acid-specific lectin participates in an immune response and ovarian development of the banana shrimp fenneropenaeus merguiensis.a sialic acid-specific lectin was purified from the hemolymph of fenneropenaeus merguiensis by repetitive affinity fetuin-agarose column chromatography. the purified f. merguiensis lectin (called fml) consisted of two distinct 30.9 and 32kda subunits with identical n-terminal amino acid sequences of ten residues. fml was also composed of sugar moieties; glucosamine, glucose, mannose and n-acetyl neuraminic acid but not n-glycolyl neuraminic acid. it was postulated to be a glycoprotein as it was ...201727793716
cloning and the mrna expression of a c-type lectin with one carbohydrate recognition domain from fenneropenaeus merguiensis in response to pathogenic inoculation.crustaceans are deficient in an adaptive immune system and depend solely on their innate immunity. one kind of pattern recognition proteins which plays an important role in the shrimp immunity is lectin. a new c-type lectin called fmlc2 was cloned from the stomach of the banana shrimp fenneropenaeus merguiensis by means of rt-pcr and 5' and 3' rapid amplification of cdna ends (race). its full-length cdna contains 1098 bp with a single open reading frame of 738 bp, encoding a peptide of 245 amino ...201526408076
molecular cloning of a c-type lectin with one carbohydrate recognition domain from fenneropenaeus merguiensis and its expression upon challenging by pathogenic bacterium or virus.lectins, one type of pattern recognition proteins, play important roles in an innate immunity of crustaceans including shrimp. a new c-type lectin designated fmlc1 was cloned from the hepatopancreas of banana shrimp fenneropenaeus merguiensis by procedures of pcr and 5' and 3' rapid amplification of cdna ends (race). the full-length cdna is composed of 706bp with a single open reading frame of 477bp, encoding a peptide of 158 amino acid residues. its deduced amino acid sequence comprises a putat ...201525542510
emilia sonchifolia extract activity against white spot syndrome virus and yellow head virus in shrimp cell cultures.emilia sonchifolia (l.) dc is a plant used in traditional medicine to treat several viral and bacterial diseases. the antiviral activities of selected sephadex lh-20 column fractions and hplc subfractions of an acetone extract of e. sonchifolia leaves were determined in shrimp penaeus merguiensis primary lymphoid cells infected with either white spot syndrome virus (wssv) or yellow head virus (yhv). wssv and yhv replication was quantified using quantitative real-time pcr tests targeted to the vp ...201526203887
mosquito cells (c6/36) fail to support the complete replication of penaeus merguiensis hepandensovirus.mosquito cell lines (c6/36) were reported in the literature to support the propagation of penaeus monodon hepandensovirus (pmohdv). we aim to evaluate the susceptibility and viral propagation of p. merguiensis hepandensovirus (pmehdv) which is ∼22% different to pmohdv in aedes albopictus cell line (c6/36). cellular changes in the infected cell culture were detected. vacuole formation was seen in both infected and uninfected cell cultures. the average number of disrupted cellular membranes in the ...201728315365
lipopolysaccharide- and β-1,3-glucan-binding protein from fenneropenaeus merguiensis functions as a pattern recognition receptor with a broad specificity for diverse pathogens in the defense against microorganisms.in crustaceans, lipopolysaccharide- and β-1,3-glucan-binding protein (lgbp) plays an important role in innate immunity by mediating the recognition of pathogens to host cells. hereby, lgbp was cloned from fenneropenaeus merguiensis hepatopancreas. its full-length cdna (1280 bp) had an open reading frame of 1101 bp, encoding a peptide of 366 amino acids. the lgbp primary structure comprises a recognition motif for β-1,3-linkage of polysaccharides, two integrin binding motifs, a kinase c phosphory ...201727431930
functional characterization of a c-type lysozyme from indian shrimp fenneropenaeus indicus.lysozyme gene from fenneropenaeus indicus was cloned, expressed in escherichia coli and characterized. the cdna consists of 477 base pairs and encodes amino acid sequence of 159 residues. f. indicus lysozyme had high identity (98%) with fenneropenaeus merguiensis and fenneropenaeus chinensis and exhibits low to moderate identities with lysozymes of other invertebrates and vertebrates. this lysozyme is presumed to be chicken types as it possesses two catalytic and eight cysteine residues that are ...201424676722
rpl10a regulates oogenesis progression in the banana prawn fenneropenaeus merguiensis and drosophila melanogaster.to develop banana prawn (fenneropenaeus merguiensis) aquaculture, the mechanism of ovarian maturation is under investigation. in a previous study, we reported the rpl10a protein as an ovarian maturation stimulator. to further investigate the function of rpl10a, we turned to the fruit fly (drosophila melanogaster) to take advantage of the genetic tools available. here, we elucidate the expression and function of rpl10a in the d. melanogaster ovary. rpl10a is expressed in the cytoplasm of both nur ...201121726559
a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method based on the analysis of a 16s rrna/trna(val) mitochondrial region for species identification of commercial penaeid shrimps (crustacea: decapoda: penaeoidea) of food interest.a simple pcr-rflp method has been developed for the identification of 19 penaeid shrimp species of food interest belonging to the superfamily penaeoidea. preliminary amplification, sequencing and alignment of a 960 bp fragment of the 16s rrna/trna(val)/12s rrna mitochondrial region allowed the design of 16scru4/16scru4 primers, constructed on well-conserved mitochondrial sequences of the penaeid shrimp species considered. such primers afforded the amplification of an internal 515-535 bp region o ...200818064597
bioconversion of shrimp waste penaeus merguiensis using lactic acid fermentation: an alternative procedure for chemical extraction of chitin and chitosan.chitin extraction from shrimp wastes by biological treatment, using the pseudomonas aeruginosa was a positive and simple method. in order to look for the optimal conditions, the wastes were incubated at 30°c and 100rpm in different glucose (0%, 10%, 15% and 20%) and inoculation (10%, 15% and 20%) concentrations for 4 and 6days. at the end of fermentation, protease activity was investigated at different temperatures and temperature 50°c was considered as the optimum. the results obtained also sho ...201728663153
qualitative mathematical models to support ecosystem-based management of australia's northern prawn fishery.a major decline in the catch of the banana prawn [shrimp], penaeus (fenneropenaeus) merguiensis, occurred over a six-year period in the weipa region of the northeastern gulf of carpentaria, australia. three main hypotheses have been developed to explain this decline: (1) prawn recruitment collapsed due to overfishing; (2) recruitment collapsed due to a change in the prawn's environment; and (3) adult banana prawns were still present, but fishers could no longer effectively find or catch them. qu ...201526255373
lipopolysaccharide-specific binding c-type lectin with one crd domain from fenneropenaeus merguiensis (fmlc4) functions as a pattern recognition receptor in shrimp innate immunity.in crustaceans, an innate immune system is solely required because they lack an adaptive immunity. one kind of pattern recognition receptors (prrs) that plays a particular role in the innate immunity of aquatic shrimp is lectin. a new diverse c-type lectin (fmlc4) was cloned from the hepatopancreas of fenneropenaeus merguiensis by using rt-pcr and 5' and 3' rapid amplification of cdna ends approaches. a full-length fmlc4 cdna comprises 706 bp with an open reading frame of 552 bp, encoding a pept ...201728844966
a mannose-specific c-type lectin from fenneropenaeus merguiensis exhibited antimicrobial activity to mediate shrimp innate immunity.being one type of pattern recognition receptors (prrs), lectins exhibit a crucial role in the defense mechanism of invertebrates which are deficient in an adaptive immune system. a new c-type lectin called fmlc3 was isolated from hepatopancreas of fenneropenaeus merguiensis by cloning approaches, rt-pcr and 5' and 3' race (rapid amplification of cdna ends). a full-length cdna of fmlc3 contains 607 bp with one open reading frame of 480bp, encoding a 159-amino acids peptide. the predicted primary ...201729055189
fmlc5, a putative galactose-binding c-type lectin with two qpd motifs from the hemocytes of fenneropenaeus merguiensis participates in shrimp immune defense.crustaceans are deficient in adaptive immune system. they depend completely on an innate immunity to protect themselves from invading microorganisms. one kind of pattern recognition receptors that contribute roles in the innate immunity is lectin. a new c-type lectin gene designated as fmlc5 was isolated from fenneropenaeus merguiensis. its full-length cdna is composed of 1526bp and one open reading frame of 852bp encoding a peptide of 284 amino acids. the deduced amino acid sequence of fmlc5 co ...201728958586
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