photosynthetic and anatomical responses of eucalyptus grandis leaves to potassium and sodium supply in a field experiment. | although vast areas in tropical regions have weathered soils with low potassium (k) levels, little is known about the effects of k supply on the photosynthetic physiology of trees. this study assessed the effects of k and sodium (na) supply on the diffusional and biochemical limitations to photosynthesis in eucalyptus grandis leaves. a field experiment comparing treatments receiving k (+k) or na (+na) with a control treatment (c) was set up in a k-deficient soil. the net co2 assimilation rates w ... | 2014 | 23663049 |
a novel genome-wide microsatellite resource for species of eucalyptus with linkage-to-physical correspondence on the reference genome sequence. | keystone species in their native ranges, eucalypts, are ecologically and genetically very diverse, growing naturally along extensive latitudinal and altitudinal ranges and variable environments. besides their ecological importance, eucalypts are also the most widely planted trees for sustainable forestry in the world. we report the development of a novel collection of 535 microsatellites for species of eucalyptus, 494 designed from ests and 41 from genomic libraries. a selected subset of 223 was ... | 2015 | 25146326 |
in vitro scleroderma laeve and eucalyptus grandis mycorrhization and analysis of atp6, 17s rdna, and ras gene expression during ectomycorrhizal formation. | the interaction between fungi and plants that form ectomycorrhizae (ecm) promotes alterations in the gene expression profiles of both organisms. fungal genes expression related to metabolism were evaluated at the pre-symbiotic stage and during the ecm development between scleroderma laeve and eucalyptus grandis. partial sequences of atp synthase (atp6), translation elongation factor (ef1α), the ras protein (ras), and the 17s rdna genes were isolated. the expression of the atp6 and 17s rdna genes ... | 2014 | 25080195 |
land use change in a temperate grassland soil: afforestation effects on chemical properties and their ecological and mineralogical implications. | the current change in land use of grassland in the temperate region of south america is a process associated with the worldwide expansion of annual crops and afforestation with fast growing exotic species. this last cultivation has particularly been the subject of numerous studies showing its negative effects on soil (acidification, loss of organic matter and base cations, among others). however its effects on the mineral fraction are not yet known, as it is generally considered as one of the sl ... | 2012 | 23064181 |
profiling micrornas in eucalyptus grandis reveals no mutual relationship between alterations in mir156 and mir172 expression and adventitious root induction during development. | the change from juvenile to mature phase in woody plants is often accompanied by a gradual loss of rooting ability, as well as by reduced microrna (mir) 156 and increased mir172 expression. | 2014 | 24965948 |
genomic characterization of dart markers based on high-density linkage analysis and physical mapping to the eucalyptus genome. | diversity arrays technology (dart) provides a robust, high throughput, cost-effective method to query thousands of sequence polymorphisms in a single assay. despite the extensive use of this genotyping platform for numerous plant species, little is known regarding the sequence attributes and genome-wide distribution of dart markers. we investigated the genomic properties of the 7,680 dart marker probes of a eucalyptus array, by sequencing them, constructing a high density linkage map and carryin ... | 2012 | 22984541 |
enhancement of enzymatic digestibility of eucalyptus grandis pretreated by naoh catalyzed steam explosion. | naoh catalyzed steam explosion was applied to improve the enzymatic digestibility of eucalyptus grandis. the impregnation of wood chip with naoh solutions before steam explosion was carried out to investigate the effects of alkaline catalysis on solid recovery, enzymatic digestibility, and glucose recovery. the lignin removal was significantly affected by naoh as a catalyst and the glucose recovery increased with increased severity index. the use of naoh showed higher enzymatic digestibility tha ... | 2012 | 22939603 |
eucalyptus grandis hill ex maiden inoculated with pisolithus microcarpus (ufsc-pt116) in land subject to the sandy process in southern brazil. | eucalypts is one of the main species used for commercial reforestation in the rio grande do sul state, brazil. this study aimed to evaluate the survival and early growth of eucalyptus trees in an area subject to sandy process after three years of growth. the eucalyptus grandis seedlings were grown in a greenhouse, inoculated or not with the isolated ectomycorrhizal pisolithus microcarpus (ufsc-pt116), produced in peat or entisol. after 120 days, the seedlings were transplanted to an area subject ... | 2014 | 25763017 |
in vitro propagation of eucalyptus grandis l. by tissue culture. | multiple shoots were induced from nodal segments of five year old trees of eucalyptus grandis l. on solid medium containing murashige and skoog's (ms) basal medium supplemented with additional thiamine, bap and naa. rooting could be achieved from shoot culture on half strength ms salts or white's medium supplemented with low auxins like iaa, iba and naa. | 1985 | 24253685 |
organ culture of eucalyptus grandis l. | organ culture of nodes of eucalyptus grandis permitted the rooting of nodes from much beyond no. 14, the highest node from which rooting has been described so far, namely up to node no. 80, the cotyledonary node being no. 1. plantlets which were obtained from node 50 have been successfully transferred to the field. | 1975 | 24435305 |
ion torrent pgm as tool for fungal community analysis: a case study of endophytes in eucalyptus grandis reveals high taxonomic diversity. | the kingdom fungi adds substantially to the diversity of life, but due to their cryptic morphology and lifestyle, tremendous diversity, paucity of formally described specimens, and the difficulty in isolating environmental strains into culture, fungal communities are difficult to characterize. this is especially true for endophytic communities of fungi living in healthy plant tissue. the developments in next generation sequencing technologies are, however, starting to reveal the true extent of f ... | 2013 | 24358124 |
removal of nitrogen and phosphorus by eucalyptus and populus at a tertiary treated municipal wastewater sprayfield. | various progenies of eucalyptus grandis and e. amplifolia, and clones of populus deltoides, were evaluated for plant removal of nitrogen (n) and phosphorus (p) for 26 months at a municipal waste spray field in north florida. tertiary treated wastewater containing 2.73 mg l(-1) nitrate n and 0.30 mg l(-1) total p was applied using sprinkler irrigation (93.8 m3 ha(-1) d(-1)) to fast growing trees utilized for bioenergy. eucalyptus amplifolia and e. grandis survived and grew very poorly as the resu ... | 2012 | 22908661 |
genetic dissection of growth, wood basic density and gene expression in interspecific backcrosses of eucalyptus grandis and e. urophylla. | f1 hybrid clones of eucalyptus grandis and e. urophylla are widely grown for pulp and paper production in tropical and subtropical regions. volume growth and wood quality are priority objectives in eucalyptus tree improvement. the molecular basis of quantitative variation and trait expression in eucalypt hybrids, however, remains largely unknown. the recent availability of a draft genome sequence (http://www.phytozome.net) and genome-wide genotyping platforms, combined with high levels of geneti ... | 2012 | 22817272 |
stand-level patterns of carbon fluxes and partitioning in a eucalyptus grandis plantation across a gradient of productivity, in sao paulo state, brazil. | wood production represents a large but variable fraction of gross primary production (gpp) in highly productive eucalyptus plantations. assessing patterns of carbon (c) partitioning (c flux as a fraction of gpp) between above- and belowground components is essential to understand mechanisms driving the c budget of these plantations. better knowledge of fluxes and partitioning to woody and non-woody tissues in response to site characteristics and resource availability could provide opportunities ... | 2012 | 22543478 |
microarray analysis revealed upregulation of nitrate reductase in juvenile cuttings of eucalyptus grandis, which correlated with increased nitric oxide production and adventitious root formation. | the loss of rooting capability following the transition from the juvenile to the mature phase is a known phenomenon in woody plant development. eucalyptus grandis was used here as a model system to study the differences in gene expression between juvenile and mature cuttings. rna was prepared from the base of the two types of cuttings before root induction and hybridized to a dna microarray of e. grandis. in juvenile cuttings, 363 transcripts were specifically upregulated, enriched in enzymes of ... | 2012 | 22519851 |
thermal decomposition of wood: influence of wood components and cellulose crystallite size. | the influence of wood components and cellulose crystallinity on the thermal degradation behavior of different wood species has been investigated using thermogravimetry, chemical analysis and x-ray diffraction. four wood samples, pinus elliottii (pie), eucalyptus grandis (eug), mezilaurus itauba (ita) and dipteryx odorata (dip) were used in this study. the results showed that higher extractives contents associated with lower crystallinity and lower cellulose crystallite size can accelerate the de ... | 2012 | 22306076 |
energy product options for eucalyptus species grown as short rotation woody crops. | eucalyptus species are native to australia but grown extensively worldwide as short rotation hardwoods for a variety of products and as ornamentals. we describe their general importance with specific emphasis on existing and emerging markets as energy products and the potential to maximize their productivity as short rotation woody crops. using experience in florida usa and similar locations, we document their current energy applications and assess their productivity as short-term and likely lon ... | 2008 | 19325808 |
a novel epiphytic cyanobacterial species from the genus brasilonema causing damage to eucalyptus leaves(1). | a cyanobacterial mat colonizing the leaves of eucalyptus grandis was determined to be responsible for serious damage affecting the growth and development of whole plants under the clonal hybrid nursery conditions. the dominant cyanobacterial species was isolated in bg-11 medium lacking a source of combined nitrogen and identified by cell morphology characters and molecular phylogenetic analysis (16s rrna gene and cpcba-igs sequences). the isolated strain represents a novel species of the genus b ... | 2008 | 27041729 |
vegetative propagation of adult eucalyptus grandis x urophylla and comparison of growth between micropropagated plantlets and rooted cuttings. | methods for the production of micropropagated plantlets and rooted cuttings were developed and used to vegetatively multiply adult eucalyptus grandis x urophylla. rooting success was less than 5% when cuttings excised from twigs of 3-year-old trees were used. the rooted cuttings were grown in the greenhouse as explant- or cutting-donors and maintained at a height of 30 to 100 cm by trimming back periodically. good rooting success (95%) of cuttings was obtained for epicormic shoots produced from ... | 1995 | 24185769 |
assessment of cryptococcus albidus for biopulping of eucalyptus. | cryptococcus albidus shows delignification activity in nature. it was used for the biopulping of eucalyptus wood (eucalyptus grandis) to access its potential for industrial application in the pulp and paper industry. enzyme analysis on days 15, 30, and 60 showed the presence of laccase and xylanase as key enzymes. the production of endo-glucanase (cmcase) and exo-glucanase (fpase) was very low. scanning electron microscopy (sem) showed the surface colonization of wood and loosening of wood fiber ... | 2013 | 23876135 |
dynamics of soil exploration by fine roots down to a depth of 10 m throughout the entire rotation in eucalyptus grandis plantations. | although highly weathered soils cover considerable areas in tropical regions, little is known about exploration by roots in deep soil layers. intensively managed eucalyptus plantations are simple forest ecosystems that can provide an insight into the belowground growth strategy of fast-growing tropical trees. fast exploration of deep soil layers by eucalypt fine roots may contribute to achieving a gross primary production that is among the highest in the world for forests. soil exploration by fi ... | 2013 | 23847645 |
genetic mapping of qtls controlling vegetative propagation in eucalyptus grandis and e. urophylla using a pseudo-testcross strategy and rapd markers. | we have extended the combined use of the "pseudo-testcross" mapping strategy and rapd markers to map quantitative trait loci (qtls) controlling traits related to vegetative propagation in eucalyptus. qtl analyses were performed using two different interval mapping approaches, mapmaker-qtl (maximum likelihood) and qtl-stat (non-linear least squares). a total of ten qtls were detected for micropropagation response (measured as fresh weight of shoots, fws), six for stump sprouting ability (measured ... | 1995 | 24173047 |
effects of pretreatment on morphology, chemical composition and enzymatic digestibility of eucalyptus bark: a potentially valuable source of fermentable sugars for biofuel production - part 1. | in recent years, the growing demand for biofuels has encouraged the search for different sources of underutilized lignocellulosic feedstocks that are available in sufficient abundance to be used for sustainable biofuel production. much attention has been focused on biomass from grass. however, large amounts of timber residues such as eucalyptus bark are available and represent a potential source for conversion to bioethanol. in the present paper, we investigate the effects of a delignification p ... | 2013 | 23657132 |
reference genes for high-throughput quantitative reverse transcription-pcr analysis of gene expression in organs and tissues of eucalyptus grown in various environmental conditions. | interest in the genomics of eucalyptus has skyrocketed thanks to the recent sequencing of the genome of eucalyptus grandis and to a growing number of large-scale transcriptomic studies. quantitative reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) is the method of choice for gene expression analysis and can now also be used as a high-throughput method. the selection of appropriate internal controls is becoming of utmost importance to ensure accurate expression results in eucalyptus. to this end, we selected 2 ... | 2012 | 23161857 |
validation of reference genes from eucalyptus spp. under different stress conditions. | the genus eucalyptus consists of approximately 600 species and subspecies and has a physiological plasticity that allows some species to propagate in different regions of the world. eucalyptus is a major source of cellulose for paper manufacturing, and its cultivation is limited by weather conditions, particularly water stress and low temperatures. gene expression studies using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) require reference genes, which must have stable exp ... | 2012 | 23148685 |
induced somatic sector analysis of cellulose synthase (cesa) promoter regions in woody stem tissues. | the increasing focus on plantation forestry as a renewable source of cellulosic biomass has emphasized the need for tools to study the unique biology of woody genera such as eucalyptus, populus and pinus. the domestication of these woody crops is hampered by long generation times, and breeders are now looking to molecular approaches such as marker-assisted breeding and genetic modification to accelerate tree improvement. much of what is known about genes involved in the growth and development of ... | 2013 | 23132521 |
thermal decomposition of wood: kinetics and degradation mechanisms. | the influence of wood components and cellulose crystallinity on the kinetic degradation of different wood species has been investigated using thermogravimetry. four wood species were studied: pinus elliottii (pie), eucalyptus grandis (eug), mezilaurus itauba (ita) and dipteryx odorata (dip). thermogravimetric results showed that higher extractive contents in the wood accelerate the degradation process and promote an increase in the conversion values at low temperatures. alternatively, the result ... | 2012 | 23073083 |
comparative greenhouse study of eucalyptus grandis in vitro plantlets and half-sib seedlings, ii. dry matter accumulation and relative distribution. | in vitro directly micropropagated plantlets from three selected five-year-old eucalyptus grandis hill ex. maiden hybrids were compared to their related half-sib seedlings for growth and growth pattern parameters under greenhouse conditions used for operational seedling production. the oven dry weights were determined from stem, leaf, and root samples collected every 40 days for four times. relative growth rate, net assimilation rates and shoot:root ratio were calculated. survival was 98% and 95% ... | 1989 | 24233539 |
comparative greenhouse study of eucalyptus grandis in vitro plantlets and half-sib seedlings, i. net photosynthesis. | tissue culture-derived plantlets from three superior five-year-old eucalyptus grandis hill ex maid hybrids were compared to their related half-sib seedlings under greenhouse conditions. net photosynthesis, chlorophyll a and b concentrations, and nitrogen concentration were sampled four times at 40-day intervals. comparisons were started 40 days after plantlets and germinating seedlings were moved from mist to greenhouse conditions. seedlings had higher net photosynthesis, chlorophyll and nitroge ... | 1989 | 24233538 |
use of random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) markers in the discrimination and verification of genotypes in eucalyptus. | we carried out four separate studies using random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) markers to analyse samples of eucalyptus supplied by several different organisations. the objective was to examine the reproducibility of the rapd technique and its ability to discriminate between individual genotypes for verification of clonal identities. we found that rapd profiles that are unique to a genotype can be generated reliably and simply and that even closely related genotypes can be distinguished. in ... | 1994 | 24177893 |
field performance of micropropagated, macropropagated, and seed-derived propagules of three eucalyptus grandis ortets. | tree size, survival, and coppicing of micropropagated plantlets, macropropagated cuttings, and seedlings of eucalyptus grandis hill ex maiden were monitored through 57 months in a study in southern florida to assess propagation options. two plantlet lines developed by direct micropropagation and orchard open-pollinated seedlings from three ortets were compared in the main study. rooted cuttings from up to four ramets of each of the three ortets and another ortet were examined in an adjacent supp ... | 1994 | 24196242 |
spatial distributions of foliar nitrogen and phosphorus in crowns of eucalyptus grandis. | eucalyptus grandis trees were grown in plantations with and without added fertiliser to examine the effects of plant nutrition on photosynthesis and growth. leaves were sampled from known locations within canopies of selected trees and leaf n and p concentrations were measured. contour maps of n and p distributions were then produced for crowns of trees aged between 6 and 16 months. gas exchange measurements on sample leaves were used to estimate parameters of a model of c3 photosynthesis as a f ... | 1991 | 28312619 |
model simulations of spatial distributions and daily totals of photosynthesis in eucalyptus grandis canopies. | a simulation model for radiation absorption and photosynthesis was used to test the hypothesis that observed nonuniform distributions of nitrogen concentrations in young eucalyptus grandis trees result in greater amounts of daily assimilation than in hypothetical trees with uniform n distributions. simulations were performed for trees aged 6, 9, 12 and 16 months which had been grown in plantations under a factorial combination of two levels of fertilization and irrigation. observed leaf n distri ... | 1991 | 28312618 |
nodule culture and regeneration of eucalyptus grandis hybrids. | callus of three superior eucalyptus grandis hybrids was induced from immature inflorescences, floral parts, shoot tips, zygotic embryos, and hypocotyl explants on various auxin (2,4-d or naa) and cytokinin (kinetin) supplemented media. hypocotyl callus initiated on 4 mg/l naa and 1 mg/l kinetin formed massive nodular structures, and shoots and roots after four weeks on hormone free-medium. callus from all other expiants turned brown and died upon transfer to hormone free or reduced hormone media ... | 1991 | 24220718 |