Publications

observations on the histomorphology of sarcosporidian cysts of some east african game animals (artiodactyla).	the histomorphology of formalin-fixed micro and macrosarcosporidian cysts of grant's, thomson's gazelle, impala, wildebeest, bubal hartebeest, cape eland, red duiker, kirk's dik-dik, defassa waterbuck, bohor reedbuck, african buffalo, giraffe, warthog, and giant forest hog is described. the wall of microsarcosporidian cysts is smooth and without villi or with villi. the villi are solid or of honeycomb-like structure on tangential sections. in some animals, microsarcosporidian cysts of almost the ...	1975	807047
yersiniosis in captive exotic mammals.	within a 2 1/2-month period, yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection occurred in 3 blesbok (damaliscus dorcas), 1 dik-dik (madoqua kirkii), and 1 giant anteater (myrmecophaga tridactyla) at the national zoological park, washington, dc. lesions consisted of fibrinonecrotic enteritis and peritonitis, mesenteric lymphadenitis, and embolic pyogranulomatous lesions in the liver, spleen, and lungs. feed contaminated with the feces of wild rats and pigeons was thought to be the source of infection.	1977	336591
blood gas changes during panting in a small east african antelope, the dik-dik.	five adult male dik-dik (madoqua kirkii) were exposed in a climatic chamber to an air temperature of 45 degrees c. measurements were made of rectal temperature (tre) and respiratory frequency (f) and arterial blood samples taken before and during heat exposure were analyzed for ph, pco2 and po2. during exposure, tre and f increased in all animals. in the first 80 min dik-dik displayed thermal tachypnea and minor changes in blood gases. continued exposure lead to hyperpnea accompanied by a fall i ...	1978	25256
different rates of mitochondrial dna sequence evolution in kirk's dik-dik (madoqua kirkii) populations.	we have investigated evolutionary rates of the mitochondrial genome among individuals of madoqua kirkii using the relative rate test. our results demonstrate that individuals of two chromosome races, east african cytotype a and southwest african cytotype d, evolve about 2.3 times faster than east african cytotype b. cytogenetic changes, dna repair efficiency, mutagens, and more likely, hitherto unrecognized factors will account for the rate difference we have observed. our results suggest additi ...	1995	8845965
environmental constraints on the foraging behaviour of a dwarf antelope (madoqua kirkii).	dik-diks (madoqua sp.) inhabit semi-arid regions and experience very different conditions of food availability and quality between wet and dry seasons. by comparing the behaviour of dik-diks between these two seasons, we identified environmental constraints affecting their feeding strategies. in both seasons foraging time was limited by high mid day temperatures. in the wet season a high intake rate compensates for the loss in foraging time, but in the dry season water and protein become limitin ...	1995	28306883
monogamy without biparental care in a dwarf antelope.	the only widely accepted explanations for the evolution of monogamy in mammals have been based on the benefits of biparental care of offspring. this is probably because, unless biparental care is important, the most competitive males would be expected to monopolize more than one female. this study investigates whether males are important for offspring survival in a monogamous dwarf antelope, kirk's dik-dik (madoqua kirkii), by testing three hypotheses that have been proposed to account for monog ...	1996	8587895
genetic and behavioural evidence of monogamy in a mammal, kirk's dik-dik (madoqua kirkii).	little is known about the mating behaviour of monogamous mammals. here, we present behavioural and genetic evidence of fidelity in a socially monogamous dwarf antelope, kirk's dik-dik. dna microsatellite analysis revealed no evidence of extra-pair paternity (epp) in dik-diks: mothers' partners matched the paternal genotype in all 12 juveniles tested. one likely reason for the absence of epp is that males guard their mates closely during oestrus and over-mark all female scent, thereby reducing th ...	1997	9178540
female dispersion and the evolution of monogamy in the dik-dik.	in facultatively monogamous mammals, females are thought to be too widely dispersed for males to defend more than one female range. we tested this hypothesis in a monogamous antelope, kirk's dik-dik, madoqua kirkii. dik-dik territories were compared across three indices of quality to investigate whether males are monogamous because of constraints on the area, or resources, that they are capable of defending. territories varied substantially in size and quality, with some containing up to five ti ...	1997	9794769
how muscle mass is part of the fabric of behavioral ecology in east african bovids (madoqua, gazella, damaliscus, hippotragus).	tissue composition and the distribution of body mass are described for four genera of east african bovidae (madoqua, gazella, damaliscus, hippotragus) with supporting data from four others (neotragus, oryx, tragelaphus, connochaetes). these species are high in muscle mass, an adaptation convergent with other high-speed terrestrial cursors, bounders, and saltators. the segments below the elbow/cubitus and knee/stifle/genu joints in small bovids are both lighter in percent of total body mass (8.6% ...	1997	9108204
cytotypes of kirk's dik-dik (madoqua kirkii,bovidae) show multiple tandem fusions.	madoqua kirkii, a miniature african antelope, is noted for extensive chromosomal variation that has been categorized in four distinct cytotypes (a-d). in this investigation, we analyzed the a cytotype (2n = 46, fn = 48) using a suite of molecular cytogenetic approaches that entailed (i) whole chromosome and subchromosomal painting by fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish), (ii) the study of madoqua centromeric-specific dna derived from pooled dna obtained from the centromeric regions of the a ...	2011	21124018
preorbital carcinoma in two kirk's dik-diks (madoqua kirkii).	two kirk's dik-diks suffered from chronic, unilateral, therapy-resistant enlargement of the preorbital gland. computed tomographic imaging revealed a homogenous preorbital mass destroying the adjacent maxillary bone in one animal. squamous cell carcinoma was diagnosed microscopically in both cases. immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells uniformly expressed cytokeratin (ck) 5/6 and ck14. additionally, tumour cells were strongly labelled for p53 suggesting a possible role of this tumour suppr ...	2013	23063011
tuberculosis infection in wildlife from the ruaha ecosystem tanzania: implications for wildlife, domestic animals, and human health.	mycobacterium bovis, a pathogen of conservation, livestock, and public health concern, was detected in eight species of wildlife inhabiting protected areas bordering endemic livestock grazing lands. we tested tissues from 179 opportunistically sampled hunter-killed, depredation, road-killed, and live-captured wild animals, representing 30 species, in and adjacent to ruaha national park in south-central tanzania. tissue culture and pcr were used to detect 12 (8.1%) m. bovis-infected animals and 1 ...	2013	23601163
tribe-specific satellite dna in non-domestic bovidae.	satellite sequences present in the centromeric and pericentric regions of chromosomes represent useful source of information. changes in satellite dna composition may coincide with the speciation and serve as valuable markers of phylogenetic relationships. here, we examined satellite dna clones isolated by laser microdissection of centromeric regions of 38 bovid species and categorized them into three types. sat i sequences from members of bovini/tragelaphini/boselaphini are similar to the well- ...	2014	24452783
a new species of sucking louse (phthiraptera: anoplura: linognathidae) from günther's dikdik (madoqua guentheri) in kenya.	linognathus samburi n. sp. is described from adult male and female specimens collected from a juvenile female günther's dikdik (madoqua guentheri) live-trapped near olturot village, samburu district (rift valley province) in northern kenya. the new species is distinguished from other species of linognathus including linognathus geigyi and linognathus damarensis, both of which parasitize kirk's dikdik (madoqua kirkii). a dichotomous key to the species of linognathus that are known to parasitize d ...	2015	25394219
the arterial circle of the brain, its branches and connections in selected representatives of the antilopinae.	the arterial circle of the brain, that is, the circle of willis, and its branches in ruminants have been chiefly described in farm animals and only in selected wild species. in view of the deficit of information about this vascular region in numerous other species of the ruminantia, the arteries of the encephalic base were analyzed in five antelope species representing different genera of the bovidae, antilopinae. specimens of the following species were examined: springbuck (antidorcas marsupial ...	2015	25694115
comparative chromosome mapping of musk ox and the x chromosome among some bovidae species.	: bovidae, the largest family in pecora infraorder, are characterized by a striking variability in diploid number of chromosomes between species and among individuals within a species. the bovid x chromosome is also remarkably variable, with several morphological types in the family. here we built a detailed chromosome map of musk ox (ovibosmoschatus), a relic species originating from pleistocene megafauna, with dromedary and human probes using chromosome painting. we trace chromosomal rearrange ...	2019	31671864
land use, redd+ and the status of wildlife populations in yaeda valley, northern tanzania.	redd+ projects primarily focus on reducing carbon emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries. these projects are regularly evaluated against their core objective of conserving carbon stocks, but their contribution to biodiversity conservation has rarely been assessed. to assess the conservation value of the area and the relative performance of a redd+ land use plan in yaeda valley, a semi-arid savannah ecosystem in northern tanzania, we implemented an annual wild ...	2019	30947305
community-based wildlife management area supports similar mammal species richness and densities compared to a national park.	community-based conservation models have been widely implemented across africa to improve wildlife conservation and livelihoods of rural communities. in tanzania, communities can set aside land and formally register it as wildlife management area (wma), which allows them to generate revenue via consumptive or nonconsumptive utilization of wildlife. the key, yet often untested, assumption of this model is that economic benefits accrued from wildlife motivate sustainable management of wildlife. to ...	2020	31993122
long-term persistence of wildlife populations in a pastoral area.	facilitating coexistence between people and wildlife is a major conservation challenge in east africa. some conservation models aim to balance the needs of people and wildlife, but the effectiveness of these models is rarely assessed. using a case-study approach, we assessed the ecological performance of a pastoral area in northern tanzania (manyara ranch) and established a long-term wildlife population monitoring program (carried out intermittently from 2003 to 2008 and regularly from 2011 to 2 ...	2020	33005359