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chemo-enzymatic synthesis of the glucagon containing n-linked oligosaccharide and its characterization.the chemo-enzymatic synthesis of an artificially n-glycosylated derivative of glucagon, a peptide hormone that regulates the blood sugar level, is described. we synthesized the glycosylated glucagon by chemical synthesis of an n-acetylglucosaminyl peptide and enzymatic transfer of an oligosaccharide using the transglycosylation activity of the glycosynthase-like mutant of mucor hiemalis endo-β-n-acetylglucosaminidase (endo-m) and sialo-oligosaccharide oxazoline as a donor substrate. the sialo-ol ...201829175660
specificity of donor structures for endo-β-n-acetylglucosaminidase-catalyzed transglycosylation reactions.to demonstrate the structural specificity of the glycosyl donor for the transglycosylation reaction by using endo-β-n-acetylglucosaminidase from mucor hiemalis (endo-m), a series of tetrasaccharide oxazoline derivatives was synthesized. these derivatives correspond to the core structure of an asparagine-linked glycoprotein glycan with a β-mannose unit of a non-natural-type monosaccharide, including β-glucose, β-galactose, and β-talose in place of the β-mannose moiety. the transglycosylation acti ...201829125207
microbial transformation of quercetin and its prenylated derivatives.the microbial transformation studies of 7-o-prenylquercetin (1), 4'-o-prenylquercetin (2) and quercetin (3) were investigated with 20 different microbial strains to discover new metabolites. it was revealed that the fungus mucor hiemalis was the most appropriate micro-organism which was capable of transforming these flavonoids. structures of the three new (4-6) and one known (7) metabolites were elucidated as 7-o-prenylquercetin 3-o-β-d-glucopyranoside (4), 4'-o-prenylquercetin 3-o-β-d-glucopyra ...201728826260
uptake and biotransformation of pure commercial microcystin-lr versus microcystin-lr from a natural cyanobacterial bloom extract in the aquatic fungus mucor hiemalis.to evaluate the remediation efficiency of mucor hiemalis by comparing media elimination, uptake, and biotransformation of microcystin-lr with exposure to pure toxin versus a crude bloom extract.201728597371
ecology, adaptation, and function of methane-sulfidic spring water biofilm microorganisms, including a strain of anaerobic fungus mucor hiemalis.ecological aspects, adaptation, and some functions of a special biofilm and its unique key anaerobic fungus mucor hiemalis strain eh11 isolated from a pristine spring (künzing, bavaria, germany) are described. the spring's pure nature is characterized by, for example, bubbling methane, marine-salinity, mild hydrothermal (~19.1°c), sulfidic, and reductive-anoxic (eh : -241 to -253 mv, o2 : ≤ 0.1 mg/l) conditions. it is geoecologically located at the border zone between bavarian forest (crystallin ...201728544612
chemo-enzymatic synthesis of a glycosylated peptide containing a complex n-glycan based on unprotected oligosaccharides by using dmt-mm and endo-m.for chemo-enzymatic synthesis of a glycosylated peptide, 4-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methylmorpholinium chloride (dmt-mm) was used for the synthesis of a n-acetylglucosaminyl peptide and a pseudoglycopeptide by solid-phase peptide synthesis without the requirement of protecting groups on the carbohydrate. we also performed transglycosylation of an n-glycan to the n-acetylglucosaminyl peptide using endo-β-n-acetylglucosaminidase from mucor hiemalis (endo-m) to synthesize a glycopeptide ...201728523604
responses of the antioxidative and biotransformation enzymes in the aquatic fungus mucor hiemalis exposed to cyanotoxins.to investigate antioxidative and biotransformation enzyme responses in mucor hiemalis towards cyanotoxins considering its use in mycoremediation applications.201728484910
generation of a mutant mucor hiemalis endoglycosidase that acts on core-fucosylated n-glycans.endo-β-n-acetylglucosaminidase m (endo-m), an endoglycosidase from the fungus mucor hiemalis, is a useful tool for chemoenzymatic synthesis of glycoconjugates, including glycoprotein-based therapeutics having a precisely defined glycoform, by virtue of its transglycosylation activity. although endo-m has been known to act on various n-glycans, it does not act on core-fucosylated n-glycans, which exist widely in mammalian glycoproteins, thus limiting its application. therefore, we performed site- ...201627629418
using aquatic fungi for pharmaceutical bioremediation: uptake of acetaminophen by mucor hiemalis does not result in an enzymatic oxidative stress response.the increasing anthropogenic pollution of aquatic environments and fresh water scarcity worldwide have prompted the development of low-cost and effective water treatment alternatives. one example of a highly released anthropogenic xenobiotics is acetaminophen (apap), which has been detected in surface waters at concentrations as high as 5 μg l(-1). to date, traditional water treatment plants were unable to remove all pharmaceutical xenobiotics and as in the case with apap, the breakdown products ...201627647241
fungus-associated bacteriome in charge of their host behavior.bacterial-fungal interactions are widespread in nature and there is a growing number of studies reporting distinct fungus-associated bacteria. however, little is known so far about how shifts in the fungus-associated bacteriome will affect the fungal host's lifestyle. in the present study, we describe for the first time the bacterial community associated with the saprotrophic fungus mucor hiemalis, commonly found in soil and rhizosphere. two broad-spectrum antibiotics that strongly altered the b ...201627486066
complete nmr assignment of a bisecting hybrid-type oligosaccharide transferred by mucor hiemalis endo-β-n-acetylglucosaminidase.this study describes the complete nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectral assignment of a bisecting hybrid-type oligosaccharide 1, transferred by mucor hiemalis endo-β-n-acetylglucosaminidase (endo-m). through (1)h- and (13)c-nmr, dqf-cosy, hsqc, hmbc, tocsy, and noesy experiments, we determine the structure of the glycoside linkage formed by the endo-m transglycosylation, i.e., the connection between glcnac and glcnac in oligosaccharide 1.201627131291
lc-ms/ms method development for quantitative analysis of acetaminophen uptake by the aquatic fungus mucor hiemalis.acetaminophen is a pharmaceutical, frequently found in surface water as a contaminant. bioremediation, in particular, mycoremediation of acetaminophen is a method to remove this compound from waters. owing to the lack of quantitative analytical method for acetaminophen in aquatic organisms, the present study aimed to develop a method for the determination of acetaminophen using lc-ms/ms in the aquatic fungus mucor hiemalis. the method was then applied to evaluate the uptake of acetaminophen by m ...201626950900
a new mercury-accumulating mucor hiemalis strain eh8 from cold sulfidic spring water biofilms.here, we report about a unique aquatic fungus mucor hiemaliseh8 that can remove toxic ionic mercury from water by intracellular accumulation and reduction into elemental mercury (hg(0) ). eh8 was isolated from a microbial biofilm grown in sulfidic-reducing spring water sourced at a marching's site located downhill from hop cultivation areas with a history of mercury use. a thorough biodiversity survey and mercury-removal function analyses were undertaken in an area of about 200 km(2) in bavaria ...201627177603
leveraging the attributes of mucor hiemalis-derived silver nanoparticles for a synergistic broad-spectrum antimicrobial platform.driven by the need to engineer robust surface coatings for medical devices to prevent infection and sepsis, incorporation of nanoparticles has surfaced as a promising avenue to enhance non-fouling efficacy. microbial synthesis of such nanoscale metallic structures is of substantive interest as this can offer an eco-friendly, cost-effective, and sustainable route for further development. here we present a mucor hiemalis-derived fungal route for synthesis of silver nanoparticles, which display sig ...201628018316
antifungal activity of lactobacillus sp. bacteria in the presence of xylitol and galactosyl-xylitol.lactic acid fermentation is a natural method of antimicrobial food protection. antagonistic activity of lactobacillus sp. bacteria, taking part in this process, is directed mainly against the same or other microorganisms. in this work we determine the impact of the presence of xylitol and galactosyl-xylitol on the antagonistic activity of 60 lactobacillus sp. strains against indicator molds (alternaria alternata, alternaria brassicicola, aspergillus niger, fusarium latenicum, geotrichum candidum ...201627294124
antifungal activity of 1'-homo-n-1,2,3-triazol-bicyclic carbonucleosides: a novel type of compound afforded by azide-enolate (3+2) cycloaddition.the first report of 1'-homo-n-1,2,3-triazol-bicyclic carbonucleosides (7a and 7b) is described herein. azide-enolate (3+2) cycloaddition afforded the synthesis of this novel type of compound. antifungal activity was evaluated in vitro against four filamentous fungi (aspergillus fumigatus, trichosporon cutaneum, rhizopus oryzae and mucor hiemalis) as well as nine species of candida spp. as yeast specimens. these pre-clinical studies suggest that compounds 7a and 7b are promising candidates for co ...201627656774
azide-enolate 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition in the synthesis of novel triazole-based miconazole analogues as promising antifungal agents.seven miconazole analogs involving 1,4,5-tri and 1,5-disubstituted triazole moieties were synthesized by azide-enolate 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. the antifungal activity of these compounds was evaluated in vitro against four filamentous fungi, including aspergillus fumigatus, trichosporon cutaneum, rhizopus oryzae, and mucor hiemalis as well as three species of candida spp. as yeast specimens. these pre-clinical studies suggest that compounds 4b, 4d and 7b can be considered as drug candidates fo ...201626890112
transglycosidase-like activity of mucor hiemalis endoglycosidase mutants enabling the synthesis of glycoconjugates using a natural glycan donor.glycan conversion of glycoprotein via the transglycosylation activity of endo-β-n-acetylglucosaminidase is a promising chemoenzymatic technology for the production of glycoproteins including bio-medicines with a homogeneous glycoform. although endo-m is a key enzyme in this process, its product undergoes rehydrolysis, which leads to a lower yield, and limits the practical application of this enzyme. we developed several endo-m mutant enzymes including n175q with glycosynthase-like activity and/o ...201626381157
cutaneous mucor hiemalis infection diagnosed by molecular methods. 201526341108
a facile synthesis of novel miconazole analogues and the evaluation of their antifungal activity.four novel miconazole analogues (8-11) were synthetized and evaluated for activity against four filamentous fungi (mucor hiemalis, aspergillus fumigatus, trichosporon cutaneum, and rhizopus oryzae) and eight species of candida as yeast specimens. compounds 9 and 10 showed very good activity when evaluated in yeast (mic 0.112 and 0.163 μg/ml) compared to the reference compound, itraconazole (mic 0.067 μg/ml). the best antifungal activity in filamentous strains was shown by compound 9. hence compo ...201525989345
assessment of microbial contamination within working environments of different types of composting plants.the objective of the study was to determine the degree of microbiological contamination, type of microflora, bioaerosol particle size distribution, and concentration of endotoxins in dust in different types of composting plants. in addition, this study provides a list of indicator microorganisms that pose a biological threat in composting facilities, based on their prevalence within the workplace, source of isolation, and health hazards. we undertook microbiological analysis of the air, work sur ...201525947216
production of obionin a and derivatives by the sooty blotch fungus microcyclospora malicola.a multitude of sooty blotch and flyspeck fungi, mainly belonging to the ascomycetes order capnodiales, causes dark blemishes and flyspeck-like spots on apples worldwide. different sooty blotch and flyspeck fungi can coexist in the same orchard and even on a single fruit. our preceding experiments revealed an activity of microcyclospora malicola strain 1930 against the anthracnose fungus colletotrichum fioriniae in dual culture assays. extracts of m. malicola strain 1930 showed a broad bioactivit ...201525856439
topographical mapping of the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) microbiome reveals a diverse bacterial community with antifungal properties in the skin.the mucosal surfaces of wild and farmed aquatic vertebrates face the threat of many aquatic pathogens, including fungi. these surfaces are colonized by diverse symbiotic bacterial communities that may contribute to fight infection. whereas the gut microbiome of teleosts has been extensively studied using pyrosequencing, this tool has rarely been employed to study the compositions of the bacterial communities present on other teleost mucosal surfaces. here we provide a topographical map of the mu ...201526209676
a plausible role for pollen-residing molds in agricultural purposes.pollen microbial content of 15 samples was investigated. pollen was collected by honeybees. total aerobic mesophilic count ranged from 3.00 to 5.48 log cfu/g. total mold and yeast count ranged from 2.3 to 6.99 log cfu/g. selected strains of isolated molds from pollen samples were characterized by conventional methods. potent phytopathogenic and food spoilage species such as penicillium sp., alternaria alternata, alternaria sp., cladosporium werneckii, mucor hiemalis, rhizomucor pusillus, aspergi ...201527141752
antifungal rhizosphere bacteria can increase as response to the presence of saprotrophic fungi.knowledge on the factors that determine the composition of bacterial communities in the vicinity of roots (rhizosphere) is essential to understand plant-soil interactions. plant species identity, plant growth stage and soil properties have been indicated as major determinants of rhizosphere bacterial community composition. here we show that the presence of saprotrophic fungi can be an additional factor steering rhizosphere bacterial community composition and functioning. we studied the impact of ...201526393509
fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for the prediction of fatty acid profiles in mucor fungi grown in media with different carbon sources.fungal production of polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufas) is a highly potential approach in biotechnology. currently the main focus is directed towards screening of hundreds strains in order to select of few potential ones. thus, a reliable method for screening a high number of strains within a short period of time is needed. here, we present a novel method for screening of pufa-producing fungi by high-throughput microcultivation and ftir spectroscopy. in the study selected mucor fungi were grown ...201425208488
hyafurones, hyapyrrolines, and hyapyrones: polyketides from hyalangium minutum.seven new polyketides, for which the trivial names hyafurones a1-b (1-3), hyapyrrolines a (4) and b (5), and hyapyrones a (6) and b (7) are proposed, were isolated from the fermentation broth of the myxobacteria hyalangium minutum, strains nocb-2(t) and hym-3. their structures were elucidated from nmr and hresims data, and their geometric configuration was assigned based on noe and vicinal (1)h coupling data. both hyafurone b (3) and hyapyrone b (7) inhibited growth of the gram-positive bacteriu ...201424848583
mucor hiemalis mediated 14α-hydroxylation on steroids: in vivo and in vitro investigations of 14α-hydroxylase activity.transformation of testosterone and progesterone into synthetically challenging 14α-hydroxy derivatives was achieved by using fungal strain mucor hiemalis. prolonged incubation led to the formation of corresponding 6β/7α,14α-dihydroxy metabolites. the position and stereochemistry of newly introduced hydroxyl group was determined by detailed spectroscopic analyses. the time course experiment indicated that fungal strain initiated transformation by hydroxylation at 14α-position followed by at 6β- o ...201424747772
pyrronazols, metabolites from the myxobacteria nannocystis pusilla and n. exedens, are unusual chlorinated pyrone-oxazole-pyrroles.the chlorinated pyrrole-oxazole-pyrones pyrronazol a (1), pyrronazol a2 (2), and pyrronazol b (3) were isolated from nannocystis pusilla strain ari7, and two chlorinated pyrrole-oxazole isomers, pyrronazols c1 (4) and c2 (5), were isolated from n. pusilla strain na a174. hresims, nmr, and x-ray crystallographic analysis was used in the structure elucidation including the absolute configuration of pyrronazol a (1). in addition to pyrronazols, 1,6-phenazine-diol (6) and its glycosyl derivative, 1- ...201424460410
taxonomy and epidemiology of mucor irregularis, agent of chronic cutaneous mucormycosis.mucormycosis usually presents as a progressive infection with significant angio-invasion. mucormycosis due to mucor irregularis (formerly rhizomucor variabilis var. variabilis), however, is exceptional in causing chronic cutaneous infection in immunocompetent humans, ultimately leading to severe morbidity if left untreated. more than 90 % of the cases known to date were reported from asia, mainly from china. the nearest neighbour of m. irregularis is the saprobic species m. hiemalis. the aim of ...201324027346
subcutaneous zygomycosis caused by mucor hiemalis in an immunocompetent patient.zygomycosis is an opportunistic fungal infection with a high mortality rate. it is known to cause invasive disease in immunocompromised hosts but it may produce only cutaneous/ subcutaneous infections in immunocompetent hosts. treatment is difficult due to its fulminant course and lack of effective anti-fungal drugs. here, we report a rare case of subcutaneous zygomycosis caused by mucor hiemalis in an immunocompetent patient without any debilitating illness. the patient was successfully treated ...201323940499
complexes of potentially pathogenic microscopic fungi in anthropogenic polluted soils.this study was undertaken to investigate the species' diversity and structure of potentially pathogenic microscopic fungal complexes in podzolic soils polluted by fluorine, heavy metals (cu, ni, co), oil products (diesel fuel, gas condensate, mazut). lists of potentially pathogenic fungi isolated from soils are made specifically for north-western part of russia (kola peninsula). the majority of studied fungus species belong to the following genera: penicillium, aspergillus, mucor, lecanicillium ...201323445417
[differences in the carbohydrate composition between the yeastlike and mycelial cells of mucor hiemalis]. 201323156687
effects of essential oils from eucalyptus globulus leaves on soil organisms involved in leaf degradation.the replacement of native portuguese forests by eucalyptus globulus is often associated with deleterious effects on terrestrial and aquatic communities. several studies have suggested that such a phenomenon is linked with the leaf essential oils released into the environment during the eucalyptus leaf degradation process. however, to date, the way these compounds affect leaf degradation in terrestrial systems i.e. by direct toxic effects to soil invertebrates or indirectly by affecting food of s ...201323577212
comparison of antifungal activities of vietnamese citrus essential oils.citrus essential oils (eos) are volatile compounds from citrus peels and widely used in perfumes, cosmetics, soaps and aromatherapy. in this study, inhibition of citrus eos extracted from vietnamese orange (citrus sinensis), mandarin (citrus reticulata blanco), pomelo (citrus grandis osbeck) and lime (citrus aurantifolia swingle) on the growth of plant pathogenic fungi, mucor hiemalis, penicillium expansum and fusarium proliferatum was investigated. the eos of the citrus peels were obtained by c ...201322799453
biodegradation by bioaugmentation of dairy wastewater by fungal consortium on a bioreactor lab-scale and on a pilot-scale.a fungal consortium including aspergillus niger, mucor hiemalis and galactomyces geotrichum was tested for the treatment of dairy wastewater. the bio-augmentation method was tested at lab-scale (4 l), at pilot scale (110 l) and at an industrial scale in wastewater treatment plants (wwtp). the positive impact of fungal addition was confirmed when fungi was beforehand accelerated by pre-culture on whey (5 g/l lactose) or on the dairy effluent. indeed, chemical oxygen demand (cod) removal yields in ...201324520735
[effect of biological factors on morphogenesis, growth, and lipid composition of fungus mucor hiemalis mycelium]. 201223610923
[lipid composition of fungus mucor hiemalis mycelium grown in the presence of trehalose, triacylglycerols, and itraconazole]. 201223610922
application of a multiplex suspension array for rapid and simultaneous identification of clinically important mold pathogens.we have developed a microsphere-based suspension array (msa) for the identification of 23 medically important mold pathogens including aspergillus spp., fusarium spp., mucor spp., rhizopus spp., rhizomucor pusillus, penicillium marneffei, saksenaea vasiformis, apophysomyces elegans, lichtheimia corymbifer, and syncephalastrum racemosum. twenty-one oligonucleotide probes were designed based on the internal transcribed spacer (its2) region for species level identification of molds. among the 21 pr ...201222771862
indiacens a and b: prenyl indoles from the myxobacterium sandaracinus amylolyticus.the gliding bacterium sandaracinus amylolyticus, strain noso-4t, was recently characterized as the first representative of a new myxobacterial genus. a screening of the culture broth for antibiotically active metabolites followed by isolation and characterization revealed two unique 3-formylindol derivatives, indiacen a (1) and its chloro derivative indiacen b (2). both are active against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria as well as the fungus mucor hiemalis. the biosynthetic origin of th ...201223035772
chemoenzymatic synthesis of hydrophobic glycoprotein: synthesis of saposin c carrying complex-type carbohydrate.the complex-type n-linked octasaccharide oxazoline having lacnac as the nonreducing end sugar was efficiently synthesized using the benzyl-protected lacnac, mannose, and β-mannosyl glcnac units as key building blocks. to achieve a highly β-selective glycosylation with the lacnac unit, the n-trichloroacetyl group was used for the protection of the amino group in the lacnac unit. after complete assembly of these units and deprotection, the obtained free sugar was successfully derivatized into the ...201222800502
purification and characterization of an extracellular lipase from mucor hiemalis f. corticola isolated from soil.we have screened 39 microfungi isolates originated from soil in terms of lipolytic activity. out of all screened, a novel strain of mucor hiemalis f. corticola was determined to have the highest lipase activity. the extracellular lipase was produced in response to 2% glucose and 2.1% peptone. the lipase was purified 12.63-folds with a final yield of 27.7% through following purification steps; ammonium sulfate precipitation, dialysis, gel filtration column chromatography and ion exchange chromato ...201222652088
simultaneous detection and identification of aspergillus and mucorales species in tissues collected from patients with fungal rhinosinusitis.rapid detection and differentiation of aspergillus and mucorales species in fungal rhinosinusitis diagnosis are desirable, since the clinical management and prognosis associated with the two taxa are fundamentally different. we describe an assay based on a combination of broad-range pcr amplification and reverse line blot hybridization (pcr/rlb) to detect and differentiate the pathogens causing fungal rhinosinusitis, which include five aspergillus species (a. fumigatus, a. flavus, a. niger, a. t ...201121325541
pioneering fungi from the damma glacier forefield in the swiss alps can promote granite weathering.fungi were isolated from fine granitic sediments, which were collected at 15 sampling points within a 20 m × 40 m area in front of the damma glacier in the central swiss alps. from the 45 fungal isolates grown on nutrient-rich agar media at 4 °c, 24 isolates were selected for partial sequencing and identification based on the small subunit ribosomal dna. sequencing data revealed that the isolated fungi represented three fungal phyla and 15 species. the weathering potential of 10 of the 15 fungal ...201121356005
mycobiota and mycotoxins in bee pollen collected from different areas of slovakia.contamination by microscopic fungi and mycotoxins in different bee pollen samples, which were stored under three different ways of storing as freezing, drying and uv radiation, was investigated. during spring 2009, 45 samples of bee-collected pollen were gathered from beekeepers who placed their bee colonies on monocultures of sunflower, rape and poppy fields within their flying distance. bee pollen was collected from bees' legs by special devices placed at the entrance to hives. samples were ex ...201121749250
mucor nidicola sp. nov., a novel fungal species isolated from an invasive paper wasp nest.mucor nidicola sp. nov. is a novel mucoralean fungus isolated from a nest of the invasive paper wasp, polistes dominulus. phylogenetic analysis based on the internal transcribed spacers (its) and 5.8s rrna gene sequences, along with physiological tests, revealed that this is a species within the genus mucor. the new species also includes a representative that had previously been characterized as part of the m. hiemalis complex. unlike the type strain of m. hiemalis, these two strains can grow at ...201121930681
chemoenzymatic synthesis and fcγ receptor binding of homogeneous glycoforms of antibody fc domain. presence of a bisecting sugar moiety enhances the affinity of fc to fcγiiia receptor.structurally well-defined igg-fc glycoforms are highly demanded for understanding the effects of glycosylation on an antibody's effector functions. we report in this paper chemoenzymatic synthesis and fcγ receptor binding of an array of homogeneous igg-fc glycoforms. the chemoenzymatic approach consists of the chemical synthesis of defined n-glycan oxazolines as donor substrates, the expression of the fc domain in a cho cell line in the presence of an α-mannosidase inhibitor kifunensine, and an ...201122004528
mycoremediation-a prospective environmental friendly technique of bioseparation and dewatering of domestic wastewater sludge.introduction: environmental safe and friendly management and disposal of wastewater sludge is a problem of every treatment plant throughout the world. bioseparation and dewaterability of raw domestic wastewater sludge were evaluated for proper management and disposal by mycoremediation, i.e., using prior grown 2% (v/v) spore suspension of filamentous fungal (mucor hiemalis wehmer) broth inoculation, which were grown in 2% (w/v) solution of malt extract and wheat flour for 4 ...201122134862
efficient glycosynthase mutant derived from mucor hiemalis endo-beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase capable of transferring oligosaccharide from both sugar oxazoline and natural n-glycan.endo-m, an endo-beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase from mucor hiemalis, is a family 85 glycoside hydrolase. this enzyme is unique in that it can transfer en bloc the oligosaccharide of various types of n-glycans onto different acceptors, and thereby it enzymatically generates diverse glycoconjugates. in this study, we performed mutational and kinetic studies focusing on a key catalytic asparagine 175 of endo-m. we have shown that most of the asn-175 mutants had significantly diminished hydrolysis acti ...201019880511
chemo-enzymatic synthesis of glycosylated insulin using a glcnac tag.artificial insulin with an n-linked oligosaccharide was synthesized by a chemo-enzymatic method using endo-beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase from mucor hiemalis (endo-m). glcnac-modified insulin was prepared by the reaction of the carboxymethyl glycoside of glcnac and 3 amino groups of bovine insulin using a dimethylphosphinothioic mixed anhydride (mpt-ma) method. a transglycosylation reaction of the glcnac-modified insulin using endo-m gave mono-transglycosylated insulin predominantly. we determined ...201020036558
efficient transfer of sialo-oligosaccharide onto proteins by combined use of a glycosynthase-like mutant of mucor hiemalis endoglycosidase and synthetic sialo-complex-type sugar oxazoline.an efficient method for synthesizing homogenous glycoproteins is essential for elucidating the structural and functional roles of glycans of glycoproteins. we have focused on the transglycosylation activity of endo-ß-n-acetylglucosaminidase from mucor hiemalis (endo-m) as a tool for glycoconjugate syntheses, since it can transfer en bloc the oligosaccharide of not only high-mannose type but also complex-type n-glycan onto various acceptors having an n-acetylglucosamine residue. however, there ar ...201020647032
acceptor specificity in the transglycosylation reaction using endo-m.to determine the structural specificity of the glycosyl acceptor of the transglycosylation reaction using endo-β-n-acetylglucosaminidase (engase) (ec 3.2.1.96) from mucor hiemalis (endo-m), several acceptor derivatives were designed and synthesized. the narrow regions of the 1,3-diol structure from the 4- to 6-hydroxy functions of glcnac were found to be essential for the transglycosylation reaction using endo-m. furthermore, it was determined that endo-m strictly recognizes a 1,3-diol structure ...201020934176
glycosynthases enable a highly efficient chemoenzymatic synthesis of n-glycoproteins carrying intact natural n-glycans.homogeneous n-glycoproteins carrying defined natural n-glycans are essential for detailed structural and functional studies. the transglycosylation activity of the endo-beta-n-acetylglucosaminidases from arthrobacter protophormiae (endo-a) and mucor hiemalis (endo-m) holds great potential for glycoprotein synthesis, but the wild-type enzymes are not practical for making glycoproteins carrying native n-glycans because of their predominant activity for product hydrolysis. in this article, we repor ...200919199609
production of bioethanol by direct bioconversion of oil-palm industrial effluent in a stirred-tank bioreactor.the purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of producing bioethanol from palm-oil mill effluent generated by the oil-palm industries through direct bioconversion process. the bioethanol production was carried out through the treatment of compatible mixed cultures such as thrichoderma harzianum, phanerochaete chrysosporium, mucor hiemalis, and yeast, saccharomyces cerevisiae. simultaneous inoculation of t. harzianum and s. cerevisiae was found to be the mixed culture that yielded th ...200919294441
discovery and development of the epothilones : a novel class of antineoplastic drugs.the epothilones are a novel class of antineoplastic agents possessing antitubulin activity. the compounds were originally identified as secondary metabolites produced by the soil-dwelling myxobacterium sorangium cellulosum. two major compounds, epothilone a and epothilone b, were purified from the s. cellulosum strain so ce90 and their structures were identified as 16-member macrolides. initial screening with these compounds revealed a very narrow and selective antifungal activity against the zy ...200818095749
mutants of mucor hiemalis endo-beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase show enhanced transglycosylation and glycosynthase-like activities.endo-beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase from mucor hiemalis (endo-m), a family 85 glycoside hydrolase, acts on the beta1,4 linkage of n,n'-diacetylchitobiose moiety in the n-linked glycans of glycoproteins and catalyzes not only the hydrolysis reaction but also the transglycosylation reaction that transfers the releasing sugar chain to an acceptor other than water to form a new glycosidic linkage. the transglycosylation activity of endo-m holds a great promise for the chemo-enzymatic synthesis and gly ...200818096701
synthesis of neutral glycosphingolipids from zygomycetes.novel neutral glycosphingolipids (ngsls) containing gal-alpha1-->6gal, previously found in the zygomycetes species mucor hiemalis, were synthesized. the structures of these compounds are different from those of other fungal gsls, and they are expected to be involved in host-parasite interactions. a key step in their synthesis is direct 1,2-cis alpha-selective galactosylation of 4,6-diol tri- and tetrasaccharide acceptors with a galactosyl donor in the presence of n-iodosuccinimide (nis)/trifluor ...200818534568
development of a novel pcr assay for the identification of the black yeast, exophiala (wangiella) dermatitidis from adult patients with cystic fibrosis (cf).cystic fibrosis (cf) patients may suffer increased morbidity and mortality through colonisation, allergy and invasive infection from fungi. the black yeast, exophiala dermatitidis (synonym wangiella dermatitidis) has been found with increasing frequency in sputum specimens of cf patients, with reported isolation rates ranging from 1.1 to 15.7%. at present, no diagnostic pcr exists to aid with the clinical laboratory detection and identification of this organism. a novel species-specific pcr-base ...200818571996
isolation of mucorales from processed maize (zea mays l.) and screening for protease activity.mucorales were isolated from maize flour, corn meal and cooked cornflakes using surface and depth plate methods. rhizopus oryzae, circinella muscae, mucor subtilissimus, mucor hiemalis f. hiemalis, syncephalastrum racemosum, rhizopus microsporus var. chinensis and absidia cylindrospora showed protease activity.200824031292
induction of glutathione s-transferase in biofilms and germinating spores of mucor hiemalis strain eh5 from cold sulfidic spring waters.the occurrence and activation of glutathione s-transferase (gst) and the gst activities in biofilms in cold sulfidic spring waters were compared to the occurrence and activation of gst and the gst activities of the aquatic fungal strains eh5 and eh7 of mucor hiemalis isolated for the first time from such waters. using fluorescently labeled polyclonal anti-gst antibodies and gst activity measurements, we demonstrated that a high level of gst occurred in situ in natural biofilms and pure cultures ...200717293503
influence of autoclaved saprotrophic fungal mycelia on proteolytic activity in ectomycorrhizal fungi.the production of proteolytic enzymes by several strains of ectomycorrhizal fungi i.e., amanita muscaria (16-3), laccaria laccata (9-12), l. laccata (9-1), suillus bovinus (15-4), suillus bovinus (15-3), suillus luteus (14-7) on mycelia of trichoderma harzianum, trichoderma virens and mucor hiemalis and sodium caseinate, yeast extract was evaluated. the strains of a. muscaria (16-3) and l. laccata (9-12) were characterized by the highest activity of the acidic and neutral proteases. taking the m ...200717333458
resolution of oligosaccharides in glycopeptides using immobilized endo-m and ultra-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry.the resolution of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides in glycopeptides was carried out by combination of the transglycosylation reaction and ultra-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (uplc-esi-tof-ms). the resolution of the oligosaccharides is based on the enzymic transglycosylation reaction with endo-beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase (endo-m) isolated from mucor hiemalis. the oligosaccharides were transferred to a fluorescent acceptor (nda-a ...200717441218
plant community influences on soil microfungal assemblages in boreal mixed-wood forests.we studied the relationships between assemblages of soil microfungi and plant communities in the southern boreal mixed-wood forests of quebec. sampling took place in 18,100 m2 plots from an existing research site. plots were separated into three categories based on dominant overstory tree species: (i) trembling aspen, (ii) white birch and (iii) a mixture of white spruce and balsam fir. within each plot a 1 m2 subplot was established in which the understory herbaceous layer was surveyed and soil ...200717883027
purification and characterisation of an acid phosphatase with phytase activity from mucor hiemalis wehmer.an acid phosphatase with phytase activity, produced by mucor hiemalis wehmer, was purified to homogeneity by a combination of anion exchange, gel filtration and hydrophobic interaction chromatography. the monomeric, glycosylated enzyme displayed maximum activity at 55 degrees c and ph 5.0-5.5. when compared to commercialised products, the enzyme is more thermostable (80 degrees c, 5min), displays a broader ph versus activity profile and greater stability under simulated digestive tract condition ...200717889394
bioactive sesquiterpene lactones from the leaves of vernonia amygdalina.phytochemical analysis of the leaves of vernonia amygdalina yielded two known sesquiterpene lactones: vernolide and vernodalol. the two compounds were tested by agar dilution method against 10 bacteria strains and 5 fungi species. both compounds exhibited a significant bactericidal activity against five gram positive bacteria while lacking efficacy against the gram negative strains. in the antifungal test, while vernolides exhibited high activity with lc(50) values of 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 mg/ml agai ...200616458461
study of cellulolytic soil fungi and two nova species and new medium.this study is aimed at identifying and determining the percentage of occurrence frequency of cellulose decomposing soil fungi. the soil samples were inoculated into culture plates prepared in sabouraud medium under sterilized conditions and incubated at 30 degrees c for 4 to 7 d. the identified fungal species were incubated in self-designed cellulose medium for testing their cellulolytic ability. forty-two species, including 2 nova species, representing sixteen genera showed growth and sporulati ...200616691640
chemoenzymatic synthesis and application of a sialoglycopolymer with a chitosan backbone as a potent inhibitor of human influenza virus hemagglutination.sialoglycopeptide (sgp) is referred as the glycopeptide in hen's egg yolk, which has an n-linked, complex-type, disialyl biantennary oligosaccharide with an alpha-(2-->6)-sialyl n-acetyllactosamine residue. the residue is known as a binding ligand of type-a human influenza virus hemagglutinin. we describe herein a simple synthesis of a sialoglycopolymer with a chitosan backbone as a potent inhibitor of human influenza virus hemagglutination that makes use of the natural source ingredient, sgp, a ...200616716273
cutaneous mucormycosis in a young, immunocompetent girl.we report a case of cutaneous mucormycosis in a healthy, immunocompetent young girl (age 14 years). the patient had a 5-year history of a slowly enlarging, erythematous plaque with slight elevated, scaling, circinate borders on the right thigh. histopathology showed a granulomatous infiltrate with broad, pale, non-septate hyphae. mycological study identified mucor hiemalis (wehmer).200616966176
a remodeling system for the oligosaccharide chains on glycoproteins with microbial endo-beta-n-acetylglucosaminidases.endo-m, endo-beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase from mucor hiemalis, transferred the complex type oligosaccharide of sialoglycopeptide to partially deglycosylated proteins (n-acetylglucosamine-attached proteins), which were prepared by excluding high-mannose type oligosaccharides from glycoproteins with endo-h, endo-beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase from streptomyces plicatus. this finding indicated that the high-mannose type oligosaccharides on glycoproteins can be changed to complex type ones by the tran ...200617049165
partial purification and insecticidal activity of toxic metabolites secreted by a mucor hiemalis strain (smu-21) against adults of bactrocera oleae and ceratitis capitata (diptera: tephritidae).the secondary metabolites present in the methanol extract of a mucor hiemalis strain (smu-21) mycelia, cultured in liquid medium, were evaluated for toxicity to bactrocera oleae (gmelin) and ceratitis capitata (wiedemann) (diptera: tephritidae) adults. feeding and contact bioassays revealed that the methanol fraction of the crude supernatant was strongly toxic to both species. symptoms of toxicity developed quickly; lethargy occurred 1-2 h posttreatment, and mortality reached 82-97% after 24 h. ...200617066796
chemo-enzymatic synthesis of eel calcitonin glycosylated at two sites with the same and different carbohydrate structures.naturally occurring glycopeptides and glycoproteins usually contain more than one glycosylation site, and the structure of the carbohydrate attached is often different from site to site. therefore, synthetic methods for preparing peptides and proteins that are glycosylated at multiple sites, possibly with different carbohydrate structures, are needed. here, we report a chemo-enzymatic approach for accomplishing this. complex-type oligosaccharides were introduced to the calcitonin derivatives tha ...200616343462
synthesis of enzymes connected with mycoparasitism by ectomycorrhizal fungi.the production of enzymes involved in mycoparasitism by several strains of ectomycorrhizal fungi: amanita muscaria (16-3), laccaria laccata (9-12), l. laccata (9-1), suillus bovinus (15-4), s. bovinus (15-3), s. luteus (14-7) on different substrates such as colloidal chitin, mycelia of trichoderma harzianum, t. virens and mucor hiemalis was examined. chitinases and beta-1,3-glucanases were assayed spectrophotometrically by measuring the amount of reducing sugars releasing from suitable substrate ...200616395555
[the effect of hydrogen peroxide on the growth of microscopic mycelial fungi isolated from habitats with different levels of radioactive contamination].the effect of hydrogen peroxide ( 10(-9)-10(-1) m) on the mycelial growth of the fungi alternaria alternata, cladosporium cladosporioides, mucor hiemalis, and paecilomyces lilacinus has been studied. the growth of fungi isolated from habitats with a background level of radioactive contamination was stopped by h2o2 concentrations equal to 10(-3) and 10(-2) m, whereas the growth of fungi that were isolated from habitats with high levels of radioactive contamination was only arrested by 10(-1) m h2 ...200516400985
micromycetes, producers of toxins, detected on stored vegetables.in 2003-2004, investigations of mycological contamination of stored and newly harvested vegetables were carried out. the aim of the study was to detect fungal species able to synthesize toxic metabolites, which are spread on vegetables under various conditions. for mycological investigations, samples of carrots, onions and cabbage were taken from storehouses with different storage periods and conditions. penicillium expansum, p. nalgiovense, mucor silvaticus and penicillium verrucosum were more ...200516457482
studies on mould growth and biomass production using waste banana peel.hyphomycetous (aspergillus fumigatus) and phycomycetous (mucor hiemalis) moulds were cultivated in vitro at room temperature (28 + 20 degrees c) to examined their growth and biomass production on waste banana peel agar (bpa) and broth (bpb) using commercial malt extract agar (mea) and broth (meb) as control. the moulds grew comparatively well on banana peel substrates. no significant difference (p > 0.05) in radial growth rates was observed between moulds cultivated on pba and mea, although grow ...200515939272
effect of herbizid and touchdown herbicides on soil fungi and on production of some extracellular enzymes.glucophilic and cellulose-decomposing fungi were significantly reduced in soil samples treated with 0.019-0.152 mg a.i./kg soil of the herbicides herbizid and touchdown. the decrease was regularly correlated with the doses of the two herbicides and persisted till the end of the experiment (12 weeks). the isolated fungi were found to be able to produce hydrolytic extracellular enzymes in solid media but with variable capabilities. the ability to produce enzymes was adversily affected by the incor ...200515957238
chemoenzymatic synthesis of cd52 glycoproteins carrying native n-glycans.a facile synthesis of homogeneous cd52 glycoproteins carrying native n-glycans was achieved using an endolycosidase-catalyzed oligosaccharide transfer as the key step. the synthesis consists of two steps: the solid phase synthesis of glcnac-cd52 and the transfer of a high-mannose type or complex type n-glycan from man(9)glcnac(2) asn or a sialglycopeptide to the glcnac-cd52, under the catalysis of the endo-beta-n-acetylglucosaminidases from arthrobacter (endo-a) and mucor hiemalis (endo-m), resp ...200515686882
synthesis of mono-glucose-branched cyclodextrins with a high inclusion ability for doxorubicin and their efficient glycosylation using mucor hiemalis endo-beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase.the mono-glucose-branched cyclodextrins having an appropriate spacer between the beta-cyclodextrin and a glucose moiety were synthesized from beta-cyclodextrin and arbutin. they had the significantly high association constants for doxorubicin, the anticancer agent, in the range of 10(5)-10(6)m(-1), and worked as highly reactive glycosyl acceptors for the transglycosylation reaction by endo-beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase of mucor hiemalis to produce sialo-complex type oligosaccharide-branched cyclo ...200515686902
[the assessment of the sensitivity of environmental fungi to urea phosphate].in this paper the authors presented the influence of various urea phosphate doses, 1-12%, on the environmental fungi growth depending on its intensity and the type of created spore e.g. (penicillium italicum, aspergillusfumigatus, aspergillus niger, cladosporium resinae, mucor hiemalis i rhizopus nigricans). the result of urea phosphate effect on fungi was estimated by static culture method using dry mass increase change [g. dry mass/ldm3]. the control was created by the growth of the above ment ...200415732502
structural and functional characterization of ovotransferrin produced by pichia pastoris.ovotransferrin is an egg white protein with complex disulfide and bilobal structures, which is derived from the same gene as chicken serum transferrin. we demonstrate here the structural and functional characteristics of bilobal ovotransferrin, produced at a high level using pichia pastoris expression system. the recombinant protein was secreted into the medium, and the secretion signal peptide was processed correctly. the secretion level was almost 100 mg/l culture and the yield after purificat ...200414981301
high efficiency of transferring a native sugar chain from a glycopeptide by a microbial endoglycosidase in organic solvents.we examined the transglycosylation reaction by the recombinant endo-beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase from mucor hiemalis (endo-m) expressed in candida boidinii in media containing organic solvents. the recombinant endo-m could transglycosylate a disialo biantennary complex-type oligosaccharide from hen egg yolk glycopeptide to p-nitrophenyl n-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminide even in the presence of 30% acetone, dimethyl sulfoxide, or methanol. the yield of the transglycosylation product reached 21-34% of ...200415013411
transglycosylation reaction of mucor hiemalis endo-beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase using sugar derivatives modified at c-1 or c-2 as oligosaccharide acceptors.we investigated the transglycosylation reaction of the recombinant endo-beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase from mucor hiemalis (endo-m) expressed in candida boidinii using such sugar derivatives as n-acylated d-glucosamines, c-glucosyl derivatives, and a 2-o-glycosylated disaccharide as acceptors. we found that a variety of sugar derivatives modified at c-1 or c-2 could be used as acceptors for transglycosylation by endo-m to create novel oligosaccharides.200415113683
newly discovered neutral glycosphingolipids in aureobasidin a-resistant zygomycetes: identification of a novel family of gala-series glycolipids with core gal alpha 1-6gal beta 1-6gal beta sequences.we found for the first time that zygomycetes species showed resistance to aureobasidin a, an antifungal agent. a novel family of neutral glycosphingolipids (gsls) was found in these fungi and isolated from mucor hiemalis, which is a typical zygomycetes species. their structures were completely determined by compositional sugar, fatty acid, and sphingoid analyses, methylation analysis, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight/mass spectrometry, and (1)h nmr spectroscopy. they we ...200415155728
mucor hiemalis endo-beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase can transglycosylate a bisecting hybrid-type oligosaccharide from an ovalbumin glycopeptide.we found that the recombinant endo-beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase of mucor hiemalis (endo-m) expressed in candida boidinii had the transglycosylation activity of transferring a bisecting hybrid-type oligosaccharide from an ovalbumin glycopeptide to the acceptor (p-nitrophenyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-d-glucopyranoside) in a good yield of 43%.200415476727
evaluation of solid-state bioconversion of domestic wastewater sludge as a promising environmental-friendly disposal technique.natural and environmental-friendly disposal of wastewater sludge is a great concern. recently, biological treatment has played prominent roles in bioremediation of complex hydrocarbon- rich contaminants. composting is quite an old biological-based process that is being practiced but it could not create a great impact in the minds of concerned researchers. the present study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of the solid-state bioconversion (ssb) processes in the biodegradation of wastewat ...200415491662
chemo-enzymatic synthesis and structure-activity study of artificially n-glycosylated eel calcitonin derivatives with a complex type oligosaccharide.starting from n-glycosylated eel calcitonin derivatives that contain an n-acetyl-d-glucosamine residue specifically at the 3rd, 14th, 20th or 26th amino acid residue, corresponding glycopeptides with a complex-type oligosaccharide attached to the respective amino acid residue were synthesized by means of a transglycosylation reaction catalyzed by an endo-beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase from mucor hiemalis . the use of a recombinant enzyme and an excess of a glycosyl donor led to a yield in excess o ...200415514484
molecular cloning of mucor hiemalis endo-beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase and some properties of the recombinant enzyme.endo-m, endo-beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase from mucor hiemalis, is known as a useful enzyme for the synthesis of neoglycopeptides due to its transglycosylation activity. we cloned the endo-m gene encoding a putative 744 amino acids, which shows high identity to glycoside hydrolase family 85 endo-beta-n-acetylglucosaminidases. the gene encoding endo-m was expressed in protease-deficient candida boidinii with a molecular mass of 85 kda as a monomeric form. recombinant endo-m could liberate both hig ...200415519295
enhancement of bioactivity of saccharomyces cerevisiae alpha-mating factor by attachment of sugar moiety to glutamine residue.we prepared yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae alpha-mating factor, a 13-amino acid pheromone produced by haploid alpha-cells, bound with glucose or n-acetylglucosamine at the fifth glutamine residue from the n-terminal by the chemical method of peptide synthesis. it was found that the bioactivity of glucosyl alpha-mating factor was higher than that of native alpha-mating factor. however, it was slightly lower than that of n-acetylglucosaminyl alpha-mating factor. this suggested that the n-acetylami ...200415522439
in vitro evidence of mycoparasitism of the ectomycorrhizal fungus laccaria laccata against mucor hiemalis in the rhizosphere of pinus sylvestris.interactions between the ectomycorrhizal fungus laccaria laccata and the soil fungus mucor hiemalis f. hiemalis in co-culture, and in the rhizosphere of in vitro-grown pinus sylvestris seedlings were investigated by light- and scanning electron-microscopy. in co-culture, mycelial growth away from the l. laccata colony reduced the number of aerial hyphae at the contact zone and increased the density and compactness of the mycelium-characterized gross morphology of the saprobic fungus. although th ...200312634918
chemoenzymatic synthesis of neoglycopeptides using endo beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase from mucor hiemalis. 200312968358
[changes in the lipid composition of mucor hiemalis sporangiospores related to the age of the spore-forming culture].analysis of sporangiospore lipids of the fungus mucor hiemalis f-1156 showed that alterations occur in the content of fatty acids and individual classes of lipids during long-term cultivation (for about 20 days). the changes in the lipid composition related to the age of the spore-forming mycelium suggest an important role of sporangiospore lipids in spore germination and in further development of the spherical cells formed in this processes. the m. hiemalis f-1156 sporangiospores with a lipid p ...200314526543
[sterols of the fungus mucor hiemalis sporangiospores].we earlier reported that the viability and lipid composition of mucor hiemalis f-1156 sporangiospores, as well as their capacity to develop yeast-like cells, depend on the age of the spore-forming culture [1]. with the increase in the time of the culture growth, sporangiospores exhibit a decrease in the levels of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, cardiolipin, and reserve lipids, as well as in the degree of fatty acid unsaturation, whereas the level of glycolipids ...200314768556
biological interaction between soil fungi and toxocara canis eggs.fungi from the soil of public areas in la plata, argentina were isolated and evaluated for their biological interaction with toxocara canis eggs in vitro. we isolated and identified two fungal species: fusarium pallidoroseum and mucor hiemalis. each species was co-cultured with t. canis eggs in sterile distilled water. the samples were observed by light and scanning electron microscopy (sem) at days 4, 7 and 14 post-inoculation. under the conditions of our experiments, f. pallidoroseum exhibited ...200211750118
the relative ability of fungi from sphagnum fuscum to decompose selected carbon substrates.nine species from a suite of 55 microfungi isolated from living and decomposing sphagnum fuscum were selected for studies of in vitro decomposition of tannic acid, cellulose, and starch. in vitro decomposition of s. fuscum plants and spruce wood chips was also examined. oidiodendron maius and oidiodendron scytaloides degraded tannic acid, giving a positive reaction for polyphenol oxidases. most taxa degraded cellulose and starch via the synthesis of cellulases and amylase, respectively. mass los ...200211989764
chemo-enzymatic synthesis of the glycosylated alpha-mating factor of saccharomyces cerevisiae and analysis of its biological activity.the effect of glycosylation on a bioactive peptide was studied using yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae alpha-mating factor, which is composed of 13 amino acids. in this study, we prepared glycosylated alpha-mating factor by chemo-enzymatic synthesis. at first, n-acetylglucosaminyl alpha-mating factor (trp-his-trp-leu-gln(glcnac)-leu-lys-pro-gly-gln-pro-met-tyr) was chemically synthesized by the solid-phase method. then, using the transglycosylation activity of mucor hiemalis endo-beta-n-acetylgluco ...200212234498
identification of an endo-beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase gene in caenorhabditis elegans and its expression in escherichia coli.we report the identification, molecular cloning, and characterization of an endo-beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase from the nematode caenorhabditis elegans. a search of the c. elegans genome database revealed the existence of a gene exhibiting 34% identity to mucor hiemalis (a fungus) endo-beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase (endo-m). actually, the c. elegans extract contained endo-beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase activity. the putative cdna for the c. elegans endo-beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase (endo-ce) was amp ...200212244070
[composition of sterols from arthrospores and mycelia of the fungus mucor hiemalis].sterol composition of the arthrospores and mycelium of the fungus mucor hiemalis 1156 was studied by the method of chromatography-mass spectrometry. along with ergosterol, the major sterol of the culture studied, ten minor sterol were identified, which were either precursors or products of ergosterol degradation. the content of individual sterols differed substantially in arthrospores and mycelium, which represent different stages of ontogenetic development of the fungus. in arthrospores, the co ...200212244716
[effect of ecological factors on spore germination and the viability of the mycelial fragments of microscopic fungi].spore germination and the viability of the mycelial fragments of the microscopic fungi alternaria alternata, penicillium spinulosum, and mucor hiemalis were studied with respect to the action of some ecological factors: sucrose concentration (0, 0.2, 2, 10, and 100 g/l), temperature (4, 20, 25, and 30 degrees c), ph (3.5, 4.0, 5.0, 6.2, and 7.0), and cadmium concentration (0, 2, 10, and 100 mg/l). the spore germination rate and the viabilities of different mycelial fragments were found to reach ...200111386056
chemo-enzymatic synthesis of a bioactive peptide containing a glutamine-linked oligosaccharide and its characterization.a bioactive peptide containing a glutamine-linked oligosaccharide was chemo-enzymatically synthesized by use of the solid-phase method of peptide synthesis and the transglycosylation activity of endo-beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase. substance p, a neuropeptide, is an undecapeptide containing two l-glutamine residues. a substance p derivative with an n-acetyl-d-glucosamine residue attached to the fifth or sixth l-glutamine residue from the n-terminal region was chemically synthesized. a sialo comple ...200111410333
growth of chitinolytic dune soil beta-subclass proteobacteria in response to invading fungal hyphae.it has frequently been reported that chitinolytic soil bacteria, in particular biocontrol strains, can lyse living fungal hyphae, thereby releasing potential growth substrate. however, the conditions used in such assays (high bacterial density, rich media, fragmented hyphae) make it difficult to determine whether mycolytic activity is actually of importance for the growth and survival of chitinolytic bacteria in soils. an unidentified group of beta-subclass proteobacteria (cbetaps) was most domi ...200111472904
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