| wide cross-reactivity between anopheles gambiae and anopheles funestus sg6 salivary proteins supports exploitation of gsg6 as a marker of human exposure to major malaria vectors in tropical africa. | abstract: background: the anopheles gambiae gsg6 is an anopheline-specific salivary protein which helps female mosquitoes to efficiently feed on blood. besides its role in haematophagy, gsg6 is immunogenic and elicits in exposed individuals an igg response, which may be used as indicator of exposure to the main african malaria vector a. gambiae. however, malaria transmission in tropical africa is sustained by three main vectors (a. gambiae, anopheles arabiensis and anopheles funestus) and a gene ... | 2011 | 21794142 |
| surveillance of vector populations and malaria transmission during the 2009/10 el niño event in the western kenya highlands: opportunities for early detection of malaria hyper-transmission. | abstract: | 2011 | 21781291 |
| is the current decline in malaria burden in sub-saharan africa due to a decrease in vector population? | abstract: background: in sub-saharan africa (ssa), malaria caused by plasmodium falciparum has historically been a major contributor to morbidity and mortality. recent reports indicate a pronounced decline in infection and disease rates which are commonly ascribed to large-scale bed net programmes and improved case management. however, the decline has also occurred in areas with limited or no intervention. the present study assessed temporal changes in anopheline populations in two highly malari ... | 2011 | 21752273 |
| outdoor host seeking behaviour of anopheles gambiae mosquitoes following initiation of malaria vector control on bioko island, equatorial guinea. | abstract: | 2011 | 21736750 |
| hdv-like self-cleaving ribozymes. | hdv ribozymes catalyze their own scission from the transcript during rolling circle replication of the hepatitis delta virus. in vitro selection of self-cleaving ribozymes from a human genomic library revealed an hdv-like ribozyme in the second intron of the human cpeb3 gene and recent results suggest that this rna affects episodic memory performance. bioinformatic searches based on the secondary structure of the hdv/cpeb3 fold yielded numerous functional ribozymes in a wide variety of organisms ... | 2011 | 21734469 |
| genome-wide profiling of diel and circadian gene expression in the malaria vector anopheles gambiae. | anopheles gambiae, the primary african vector of malaria parasites, exhibits numerous rhythmic behaviors including flight activity, swarming, mating, host seeking, egg laying, and sugar feeding. however, little work has been performed to elucidate the molecular basis for these daily rhythms. to study how gene expression is regulated globally by diel and circadian mechanisms, we have undertaken a dna microarray analysis of an. gambiae under light/dark cycle (ld) and constant dark (dd) conditions. ... | 2011 | 21715657 |
| development of environmental tools for anopheline larval control. | malaria mosquitoes spend a considerable part of their life in the aquatic stage, rendering them vulnerable to interventions directed to aquatic habitats. recent successes of mosquito larval control have been reported using environmental and biological tools. here, we report the effects of shading by plants and biological control agents on the development and survival of anopheline and culicine mosquito larvae in man-made natural habitats in western kenya. trials consisted of environmental manipu ... | 2011 | 21733150 |
| efficacy of permanet-« 2.0 and permanet-« 3.0 against insecticide-resistant anopheles gambiae in experimental huts in c+¦te d'ivoire. | pyrethroid resistance in vectors could limit the efficacy of long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins) because all llins are currently treated with pyrethroids. the goal of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and wash resistance of permanet-« 3.0 compared to permanet-« 2.0 in an area of high pyrethroid in c+¦te d'ivoire. permanet-« 3.0 is impregnated with deltamethrin at 85 mg/m2 on the sides of the net and with deltamethrin and piperonyl butoxide on the roof. permanet-« 2.0 is impregnated with ... | 2011 | 21699703 |
| the influence of mosquito resting behaviour and associated microclimate for malaria risk. | abstract: | 2011 | 21736735 |
| evaluating rnalater-« as a preservative for using near-infrared spectroscopy to predict anopheles gambiae age and species. | abstract: | 2011 | 21740582 |
| gene flow-dependent genomic divergence between anopheles gambiae m and s forms. | anopheles gambiae sensu stricto exists as two often-sympatric races termed the m and s molecular forms, characterized by fixed differences at an x-linked marker. extreme divergence between m and s forms at pericentromeric "genomic islands" suggested that selection on variants therein could be driving interform divergence in the presence of ongoing gene flow, but recent work has detected much more widespread genomic differentiation. whether such genomic islands are important in reproductive isola ... | 2011 | 21836185 |
| Insecticide resistance in malaria vector mosquitoes at four localities in Ghana, West Africa. | ABSTRACT: | 2011 | 21679391 |
| lethal and pre-lethal effects of a fungal biopesticide contribute to substantial and rapid control of malaria vectors. | rapidly emerging insecticide resistance is creating an urgent need for new active ingredients to control the adult mosquitoes that vector malaria. biopesticides based on the spores of entomopathogenic fungi have shown considerable promise by causing very substantial mortality within 7-14 days of exposure. this mortality will generate excellent malaria control if there is a high likelihood that mosquitoes contact fungi early in their adult lives. however, where contact rates are lower, as might r ... | 2011 | 21897846 |
| Dynamics of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors in Benin: first evidence of the presence of L1014S kdr mutation in Anopheles gambiae from West Africa. | Insecticide resistance monitoring is essential to help national programmers to implement more effective and sustainable malaria control strategies in endemic countries. This study reported the spatial and seasonal variations of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors in Benin, West Africa. | 2011 | 21910856 |
| studies on the bionomics of male anopheles gambiae giles and male anopheles funestus giles from southern mozambique. | little is known about the fitness of wild male mosquitoes, the females of which are vectors of malaria. the problem of studying male biology has been exacerbated by difficulties associated with catching them. in southern mozambique, however, almost the entire adult population of an. funestus and an. gambiae s.l. rest inside houses. they leave in a dusk exodus, which makes them easy to collect. in 8,348 exit collections from a village from 2003 to 2009, 567,195 male an. funestus and 34,591 male a ... | 2011 | 22129410 |
| Lymphatic filariasis in the Democratic Republic of Congo; micro-stratification overlap mapping (MOM) as a prerequisite for control and surveillance. | The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has a significant burden of lymphatic filariasis (LF) caused by the parasite Wuchereria bancrofti. A major impediment to the expansion of the LF elimination programme is the risk of serious adverse events (SAEs) associated with the use of ivermectin in areas co-endemic for onchocerciasis and loiasis. It is important to analyse these and other factors, such as soil transmitted helminths (STH) and malaria co-endemicity, which will impact on LF elimination. | 2011 | 21923949 |
| age-related pyrethroid resistance is not a function of p450 gene expression in the major african malaria vector, anopheles funestus (diptera: culicidae). | anopheles funestus is a major vector of malaria in most of the african region. resistance to pyrethroid and carbamate insecticides has been recorded in populations of this species in south africa and mozambique. the p450 gene, cyp6p9, has been shown to be highly transcribed in a permethrin (pyrethroid)-resistant laboratory strain, fumoz-r, originating from southern mozambique. we examined the relationship between pyrethroid resistance and gene transcription levels of two closely related ge ... | 2011 | 22194179 |
| An insight into the sialome of Simulium guianense (DIPTERA:SIMULIIDAE), the main vector of River Blindness Disease in Brazil. | ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Little is known about the composition and function of the saliva in black flies such as Simulium guianense, the main vector of river blindness disease in Brazil. The complex salivary potion of hematophagous arthropods counteracts their host's hemostasis, inflammation, and immunity. RESULTS: Transcriptome analysis revealed ubiquitous salivary protein families - such as the Antigen-5, Yellow, Kunitz domain, and serine proteases--in the S. guianense sialotranscriptome. Insec ... | 2011 | 22182526 |
| Impact of insecticide-treated bed nets on malaria transmission indices on the south coast of Kenya. | ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Besides significantly reducing malaria vector densities, prolonged usage of bed nets has been linked to decline of Anopheles gambiae s.s. relative to Anopheles arabiensis, changes in host feeding preference of malaria vectors, and behavioural shifts to exophagy (outdoor biting) for the two important malaria vectors in Africa, An. gambiae s.l. and Anopheles funestus. In southern coastal Kenya, bed net use was negligible in 1997-1998 when Anopheles funestus and An. gambiae s ... | 2011 | 22165904 |
| Nigeria anopheles vector database: an overview of 100 years' research. | Anopheles mosquitoes are important vectors of malaria and lymphatic filariasis (LF), which are major public health diseases in Nigeria. Malaria is caused by infection with a protozoan parasite of the genus Plasmodium and LF by the parasitic worm Wuchereria bancrofti. Updating our knowledge of the Anopheles species is vital in planning and implementing evidence based vector control programs. To present a comprehensive report on the spatial distribution and composition of these vectors, all publis ... | 2011 | 22162764 |
| requirements for effective malaria control with homing endonuclease genes. | malaria continues to impose a substantial burden on human health. we have previously proposed that biological approaches to control the mosquito vector of disease could be developed using homing endonuclease genes (hegs), a class of selfish or parasitic gene that exists naturally in many microbes. recent lab studies have demonstrated that hegs can function in mosquitoes. we constructed and analyzed a model of mosquito population genetics and malaria epidemiology to determine how well hegs need t ... | 2011 | 21976487 |
| evaluating the potential of the sterile insect technique for malaria control: relative fitness and mating compatibility between laboratory colonized and a wild population of anopheles arabiensis from the kruger national park, south africa. | the successful suppression of a target insect population using the sterile insect technique (sit) partly depends on the premise that the laboratory insects used for mass rearing are genetically compatible with the target population, that the mating competitiveness of laboratory reared males is at least comparable to that of their wild counterparts, and that mass rearing and sterilization processes do not in themselves compromise male fitness to a degree that precludes them from successfully comp ... | 2011 | 22041133 |
| degradation of insecticides used for indoor spraying in malaria control and possible solutions. | the insecticide dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (ddt) is widely used in indoor residual spraying (irs) for malaria control owing to its longer residual efficacy in the field compared to other world health organization (who) alternatives. suitable stabilization to render these alternative insecticides longer lasting could provide a less controversial and more acceptable and effective alternative insecticide formulations than ddt. | 2011 | 22008292 |
| variations of insecticide residual bio-efficacy on different types of walls: results from a community-based trial in south cameroon. | determination of residual activity of insecticides is essential information for the selection of appropriate indoor spraying operation. the present study was undertaken to evaluate the residual effect of three candidate insecticide formulations on different indoor surfaces in order to guide future interventions, in the context of cameroon and other african countries. | 2011 | 22047173 |
| insecticide resistance and the future of malaria control in zambia. | in line with the global trend to improve malaria control efforts a major campaign of insecticide treated net distribution was initiated in 1999 and indoor residual spraying with ddt or pyrethroids was reintroduced in 2000 in zambia. in 2006, these efforts were strengthened by the president's malaria initiative. this manuscript reports on the monitoring and evaluation of these activities and the potential impact of emerging insecticide resistance on disease transmission. | 2011 | 21915314 |
| exploring mechanisms of multiple insecticide resistance in a population of the malaria vector anopheles funestus in benin. | the insecticide resistance status of the malaria vector anopheles funestus and the underlying resistance mechanisms remain uncharacterised in many parts of africa, notably in benin, west africa. to fill this gap in our knowledge, we assessed the susceptibility status of a population of this species in pahou, southern benin and investigated the potential resistance mechanisms. | 2011 | 22110757 |
| methods to collect anopheles mosquitoes and evaluate malaria transmission: a comparative study in two villages in senegal. | various methods have been studied as replacement of human landing catches (hlc) for mosquito sampling in entomological studies on malaria transmission. conflicting results have been obtained in comparing relative efficiency of alternative methods, according to the area, the species present and their density. the aim of this study was to compare the number and characteristics of mosquitoes sampled in two areas of senegal by three different methods: hlc, light traps adjacent to an occupied bed net ... | 2011 | 21929747 |
| malaria antifolate resistance with contrasting plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) polymorphisms in humans and anopheles mosquitoes. | surveillance for drug-resistant parasites in human blood is a major effort in malaria control. here we report contrasting antifolate resistance polymorphisms in plasmodium falciparum when parasites in human blood were compared with parasites in anopheles vector mosquitoes from sleeping huts in rural zambia. dna encoding p. falciparum dihydrofolate reductase (ec 1.5.1.3) was amplified by pcr with allele-specific restriction enzyme digestions. markedly prevalent pyrimethamine-resistant mutants wer ... | 2011 | 22065788 |
| Prevalence of Malaria among Patients Attending Public Health Facilities in Maputo City, Mozambique. | Abstract. We conducted a health facility-based survey to estimate the prevalence of malaria among febrile patients at health facilities (HFs) in Maputo City. Patients answered a questionnaire on malaria risk factors and underwent malaria testing. A malaria case was defined as a positive result for malaria by microscopy in a patient with fever or history of fever in the previous 24 hours. Among 706 patients with complete information, 111 (15.7%) cases were identified: 105 were positive for Plasmo ... | 2011 | 22144434 |
| localization of two na(+)- or k(+)-h(+) antiporters, agnha1 and agnha2, in anopheles gambiae larval malpighian tubules and the functional expression of agnha2 in yeast. | the newly identified metazoan na(+)/h(+) antiporter (nha) family is represented by two paralogues, agnha1 and agnha2, in the genome of the african malaria mosquito, anopheles gambiae. both antiporters are postulated to be electrophoretic i.e. voltage-driven. agnha1 was first cloned from an. gambiae larvae and immunolocalized with respect to the h(+) v-atpase by the harvey laboratory. little is known about the properties of nha1s; attempts to characterize agnha1 in na(+)/h(+) exchanger (nhe)-lack ... | 2011 | 22206887 |
| large-scale use of mosquito larval source management for malaria control in africa: a cost analysis. | at present, large-scale use of two malaria vector control methods, long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins) and indoor residual spraying (irs) is being scaled up in africa with substantial funding from donors. a third vector control method, larval source management (lsm), has been historically very successful and is today widely used for mosquito control globally, except in africa. with increasing risk of insecticide resistance and a shift to more exophilic vectors, lsm is now under re-evaluation ... | 2011 | 22067606 |
| repellent plants provide affordable natural screening to prevent mosquito house entry in tropical rural settings--results from a pilot efficacy study. | sustained malaria control is underway using a combination of vector control, prompt diagnosis and treatment of malaria cases. progress is excellent, but for long-term control, low-cost, sustainable tools that supplement existing control programs are needed. conventional vector control tools such as indoor residual spraying and house screening are highly effective, but difficult to deliver in rural areas. therefore, an additional means of reducing mosquito house entry was evaluated: the screening ... | 2011 | 22022471 |
| a review of mixed malaria species infections in anopheline mosquitoes. | in patients with malaria mixed species infections are common and under reported. in pcr studies conducted in asia mixed infection rates often exceed 20%. in south-east asia, approximately one third of patients treated for falciparum malaria experience a subsequent plasmodium vivax infection with a time interval suggesting relapse. it is uncertain whether the two infections are acquired simultaneously or separately. to determine whether mixed species infections in humans are derived from mainly f ... | 2011 | 21880138 |
| Comparative genomics of the anopheline glutathione s-transferase epsilon cluster. | Enzymes of the glutathione S-transferase (GST) family play critical roles in detoxification of xenobiotics across many taxa. While GSTs are ubiquitous both in animals and plants, the GST epsilon class (GSTE) is insect-specific and has been associated with resistance to chemical insecticides. While both Aedes aegypti and Anopheles gambiae GSTE clusters consist of eight members, only four putative orthologs are identifiable between the species, suggesting independent expansions of the class in eac ... | 2011 | 22206003 |
| lysophosphatidylcholine: a novel modulator of trypanosoma cruzi transmission. | lysophosphatidylcholine is a bioactive lipid that regulates a large number of cellular processes and is especially present during the deposition and infiltration of inflammatory cells and deposition of atheromatous plaque. such molecule is also present in saliva and feces of the hematophagous organism rhodnius prolixus, a triatominae bug vector of chagas disease. we have recently demonstrated that lpc is a modulator of trypanosoma cruzi transmission. it acts as a powerful chemoattractant for inf ... | 2012 | 22132309 |
| Analysis of Transcriptome Differences between Resistant and Susceptible Strains of the Citrus Red Mite Panonychus citri (Acari: Tetranychidae). | The citrus red mite is a worldwide citrus pest and a common sensitizing allergen of asthma and rhinitis. It has developed strong resistance to many registered acaricides, However, the molecular mechanisms of resistance remain unknown. we therefore used next generation sequencing technology to investigate the global transcriptomes between resistant strains and susceptible strains. | 2011 | 22162774 |
| Transplacental Transmission of Plasmodium falciparum in a Highly Malaria Endemic Area of Burkina Faso. | Malaria congenital infection constitutes a major risk in malaria endemic areas. In this study, we report the prevalence of transplacental malaria in Burkina Faso. In labour and delivery units, thick and thin blood films were made from maternal, placental, and umbilical cord blood to determine malaria infection. A total of 1,309 mother/baby pairs were recruited. Eighteen cord blood samples (1.4%) contained malaria parasites (Plasmodium falciparum). Out of the 369 (28.2%) women with peripheral pos ... | 2012 | 22174725 |
| Multimodal pyrethroid resistance in malaria vectors, Anopheles gambiae s.s., Anopheles arabiensis, and Anopheles funestus s.s. in western Kenya. | Anopheles gambiae s.s., Anopheles arabiensis, and Anopheles funestus s.s. are the most important species for malaria transmission. Pyrethroid resistance of these vector mosquitoes is one of the main obstacles against effective vector control. The objective of the present study was to monitor the pyrethroid susceptibility in the 3 major malaria vectors in a highly malaria endemic area in western Kenya and to elucidate the mechanisms of pyrethroid resistance in these species. Gembe East and West, ... | 2011 | 21853038 |
| Bionomics of sympatric chromosomal forms of Anopheles funestus (Diptera: Culicidae). | Anopheles funestus is one of the major vectors of malaria in Africa. Cytogenetic studies conducted on populations from West Africa have shown variable degrees of polymorphism with a genetic structure leading to the description of two chromosomal forms called "Folonzo" and "Kiribina" that exhibit limited gene flow. Because studies on allopatric populations showed bionomical heterogeneities, the present study was undertaken during three consecutive years (2006, 2007, and 2008) in an area of sympat ... | 2011 | 22129405 |
| rapid molecular detection methods for arboviruses of livestock of importance to northern europe. | arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) have been responsible for some of the most explosive epidemics of emerging infectious diseases over the past decade. their impact on both human and livestock populations has been dramatic. the early detection either through surveillance or diagnosis of virus will be a critical feature in responding and resolving the emergence of such epidemics in the future. although some of the most important emerging arboviruses are human pathogens, this paper aims to high ... | 2012 | 22219660 |
| aging partially restores the efficacy of malaria vector control in insecticide-resistant populations of anopheles gambiae s.l. from burkina faso. | abstract: background: the operational impact of insecticide resistance on the effectiveness of long-lasting insecticide nets (llins) and indoor residual spraying (irs) is poorly understood. one factor which may prolong the effectiveness of these tools in the field is the increase in insecticide susceptibility with mosquito age. in this study, llins and irs were tested against young (three to five days) and old (17-19 days) pyrethroid resistant anopheles gambiae s.l. from burkina faso. methods: ... | 2012 | 22269002 |
| optimized pan-species and speciation duplex real-time pcr assays for plasmodium parasites detection in malaria vectors. | an accurate method for detecting malaria parasites in the mosquito's vector remains an essential component in the vector control. the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay specific for circumsporozoite protein (elisa-csp) is the gold standard method for the detection of malaria parasites in the vector even if it presents some limitations. here, we optimized multiplex real-time pcr assays to accurately detect minor populations in mixed infection with multiple plasmodium species in the african malaria ... | 2012 | 23285168 |
| reproductive isolation and local adaptation quantified for a chromosome inversion in a malaria mosquito. | chromosome inversions have long been thought to be involved in speciation and local adaptation. we have little quantitative information, however, about the effects that inversion polymorphisms have on reproductive isolation and viability. here we provide the first estimates from any organism for the total amount of reproductive isolation associated with an inversion segregating in natural populations. we sampled chromosomes from 751 mosquitoes of the malaria vector anopheles funestus along a 142 ... | 2012 | 23550747 |
| abstracts of the fourth international symposium on molecular insect science. may 28-june 2, 2002. tucson, arizona, usa. | | 2002 | 15455051 |
| an insight into the sialome of the blood-sucking bug triatoma infestans, a vector of chagas' disease. | triatoma infestans is a hemiptera, vector of chagas' disease that feeds exclusively on vertebrate blood in all life stages. hematophagous insects' salivary glands (sg) produce potent pharmacological compounds that counteract host hemostasis, including anticlotting, antiplatelet, and vasodilatory molecules. to obtain a further insight into the salivary biochemical and pharmacological complexity of this insect, a cdna library from its sg was randomly sequenced. also, salivary proteins were submitt ... | 2007 | 18207082 |
| disease vectors in the era of next generation sequencing. | almost 20 % of all infectious human diseases are vector borne and, together, are responsible for over one million deaths per annum. over the past decade, the decreasing costs of massively parallel sequencing technologies have facilitated the agnostic interrogation of insect vector genomes, giving medical entomologists access to an ever-expanding volume of high-quality genomic and transcriptomic data. in this review, we highlight how genomics resources have provided new insights into the physiolo ... | 2016 | 27154554 |
| genes encoding vitamin-k epoxide reductase are present in drosophila and trypanosomatid protists. | vitamin-k epoxide reductase is encoded by the vkorc1 gene in mammals and other vertebrates, which also have a paralog, vkorc1l1. single homologs are present in basal deuterostome and insect genomes, including drosophila, and three trypanosomatid protists. vkor is therefore an ancient gene/protein that can be studied in the drosophila model system. | 2004 | 15514077 |
| use of a new high resolution melting method for genotyping pathogenic leptospira spp. | leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonosis that is endemic in tropical areas, such as reunion island. the species leptospira interrogans is the primary agent in human infections, but other pathogenic species, such as l. kirschner and l. borgpetersenii, are also associated with human leptospirosis. | 2015 | 26154161 |
| development of reference transcriptomes for the major field insect pests of cowpea: a toolbox for insect pest management approaches in west africa. | cowpea is a widely cultivated and major nutritional source of protein for many people that live in west africa. annual yields and longevity of grain storage is greatly reduced by feeding damage caused by a complex of insect pests that include the pod sucking bugs, anoplocnemis curvipes fabricius (hemiptera: coreidae) and clavigralla tomentosicollis stål (hemiptera: coreidae); as well as phloem-feeding cowpea aphids, aphis craccivora koch (hemiptera: aphididae) and flower thrips, megalurothrips s ... | 2013 | 24278221 |
| tissue-specific transcriptomics of the exotic invasive insect pest emerald ash borer (agrilus planipennis). | the insect midgut and fat body represent major tissue interfaces that deal with several important physiological functions including digestion, detoxification and immune response. the emerald ash borer (agrilus planipennis), is an exotic invasive insect pest that has killed millions of ash trees (fraxinus spp.) primarily in the midwestern united states and ontario, canada. however, despite its high impact status little knowledge exists for a. planipennis at the molecular level. | 2010 | 21060843 |
| glossina spp. gut bacterial flora and their putative role in fly-hosted trypanosome development. | human african trypanosomiasis (hat) is caused by trypanosomes transmitted to humans by the tsetse fly, in which they accomplish their development into their infective metacyclic form. the crucial step in parasite survival occurs when it invades the fly midgut. insect digestive enzymes and immune defenses may be involved in the modulation of the fly's vector competence, together with bacteria that could be present in the fly's midgut. in fact, in addition to the three bacterial symbionts that hav ... | 2013 | 23898466 |
| the cytochrome p450 cyp6p4 is responsible for the high pyrethroid resistance in knockdown resistance-free anopheles arabiensis. | pyrethroid insecticides are the front line vector control tools used in bed nets to reduce malaria transmission and its burden. however, resistance in major vectors such as anopheles arabiensis is posing a serious challenge to the success of malaria control. herein, we elucidated the molecular and biochemical basis of pyrethroid resistance in a knockdown resistance-free anopheles arabiensis population from chad, central africa. using heterologous expression of p450s in escherichia coli coupled w ... | 2016 | 26548743 |
| gh97 is a new family of glycoside hydrolases, which is related to the alpha-galactosidase superfamily. | as a rule, about 1% of genes in a given genome encode glycoside hydrolases and their homologues. on the basis of sequence similarity they have been grouped into more than ninety gh families during the last 15 years. the gh97 family has been established very recently and initially included only 18 bacterial proteins. however, the evolutionary relationship of the genes encoding proteins of this family remains unclear, as well as their distribution among main groups of the living organisms. | 2005 | 16131397 |
| diversity of culturable bacteria including pantoea in wild mosquito aedes albopictus. | the microbiota has been shown to play an important role in the biology of insects. in recent decades, significant efforts have been made to better understand the diversity of symbiotic bacteria associated with mosquitoes and assess their influence on pathogen transmission. here, we report the bacterial composition found in field-caught aedes albopictus populations by using culture-dependent methods. | 2013 | 23537168 |
| habitat discrimination by gravid anopheles gambiae sensu lato--a push-pull system. | the non-random distribution of anopheline larvae in natural habitats suggests that gravid females discriminate between habitats of different quality. whilst physical and chemical cues used by culex and aedes vector mosquitoes for selecting an oviposition site have been extensively studied, those for anopheles remain poorly explored. here the habitat selection by anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.), the principal african malaria vector, was investigated when presented with a choice of two infusio ... | 2014 | 24693951 |
| meeting report of the mosquito kolymbari meeting 2013. | | 2013 | 24428827 |
| metagenomics, paratransgenesis and the anopheles microbiome: a portrait of the geographical distribution of the anopheline microbiota based on a meta-analysis of reported taxa. | anophelines harbour a diverse microbial consortium that may represent an extended gene pool for the host. the proposed effects of the insect microbiota span physiological, metabolic and immune processes. here we synthesise how current metagenomic tools combined with classical culture-dependent techniques provide new insights in the elucidation of the role of the anopheles-associated microbiota. many proposed malaria control strategies have been based upon the immunomodulating effects that the ba ... | 2014 | 25185007 |
| gene expression studies in mosquitoes. | research on gene expression in mosquitoes is motivated by both basic and applied interests. studies of genes involved in hematophagy, reproduction, olfaction, and immune responses reveal an exquisite confluence of biological adaptations that result in these highly-successful life forms. the requirement of female mosquitoes for a bloodmeal for propagation has been exploited by a wide diversity of viral, protozoan and metazoan pathogens as part of their life cycles. identifying genes involved in h ... | 2008 | 19161831 |
| global emergence of alphaviruses that cause arthritis in humans. | arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) may cause severe emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, which pose a significant threat to human and animal health in the world today. these infectious diseases range from mild febrile illnesses, arthritis, and encephalitis to haemorrhagic fevers. it is postulated that certain environmental factors, vector competence, and host susceptibility have a major impact on the ecology of arboviral diseases. presently, there is a great interest in the emergence ... | 2015 | 26689654 |
| biological transmission of arboviruses: reexamination of and new insights into components, mechanisms, and unique traits as well as their evolutionary trends. | among animal viruses, arboviruses are unique in that they depend on arthropod vectors for transmission. field research and laboratory investigations related to the three components of this unique mode of transmission, virus, vector, and vertebrate host, have produced an enormous amount of valuable information that may be found in numerous publications. however, despite many reviews on specific viruses, diseases, or interests, a systematic approach to organizing the available information on all f ... | 0 | 16223950 |
| an updated checklist of mosquito species (diptera: culicidae) from madagascar. | an updated checklist of 235 mosquito species from madagascar is presented. the number of species has increased considerably compared to previous checklists, particularly the last published in 2003 (178 species). this annotated checklist provides concise information on endemism, taxonomic position, developmental stages, larval habitats, distribution, behavior, and vector-borne diseases potentially transmitted. the 235 species belong to 14 genera: aedeomyia (3 species), aedes (35 species), anophel ... | 2016 | 27101839 |
| gene analogue finder: a grid solution for finding functionally analogous gene products. | to date more than 2,1 million gene products from more than 100000 different species have been described specifying their function, the processes they are involved in and their cellular localization using a very well defined and structured vocabulary, the gene ontology (go). such vast, well defined knowledge opens the possibility of compare gene products at the level of functionality, finding gene products which have a similar function or are involved in similar biological processes without relyi ... | 2007 | 17767718 |
| the role of innate versus adaptive immune responses in a mouse model of o'nyong-nyong virus infection. | o'nyong-nyong virus (onnv), an alphavirus closely related to chikungunya virus (chikv), has caused three major epidemics in africa since 1959. both onnv and chikv produce similar syndromes with fever, rash, and debilitating arthralgia. to determine the roles of the innate and adaptive immune responses, we infected different knockout mice with two strains of onnv (sg650 and mp30). wild-type, rag1 ko, and ifnγr ko mice showed no signs of illness or viremia. the stat1 ko and a129 mice exhibited 50- ... | 2013 | 23568285 |
| o'nyong nyong virus molecular determinants of unique vector specificity reside in non-structural protein 3. | o'nyong nyong virus (onnv) and chikungunya virus (chikv) are two closely related alphaviruses with very different infection patterns in the mosquito, anopheles gambiae. onnv is the only alphavirus transmitted by anopheline mosquitoes, but specific molecular determinants of infection of this unique vector specificity remain unidentified. fifteen distinct chimeric viruses were constructed to evaluate both structural and non-structural regions of the genome and infection patterns were determined th ... | 2013 | 23359824 |
| mosquito-borne arbovirus surveillance at selected sites in diverse ecological zones of kenya; 2007 - 2012. | increased frequency of arbovirus outbreaks in east africa necessitated the determination of distribution of risk by entomologic arbovirus surveillance. a systematic vector surveillance programme spanning 5 years and covering 11 sites representing seven of the eight provinces in kenya and located in diverse ecological zones was carried out. | 2013 | 23663381 |
| sustained activation of akt elicits mitochondrial dysfunction to block plasmodium falciparum infection in the mosquito host. | the overexpression of activated, myristoylated akt in the midgut of female transgenic anopheles stephensi results in resistance to infection with the human malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum but also decreased lifespan. in the present study, the understanding of mitochondria-dependent midgut homeostasis has been expanded to explain this apparent paradox in an insect of major medical importance. given that akt signaling is essential for cell growth and survival, we hypothesized that sustained ... | 2013 | 23468624 |
| comparative genomics of small rna regulatory pathway components in vector mosquitoes. | small rna regulatory pathways (srrps) control key aspects of development and anti-viral defense in metazoans. members of the argonaute family of catalytic enzymes degrade target rnas in each of these pathways. srrps include the microrna, small interfering rna (sirna) and piwi-type gene silencing pathways. mosquitoes generate viral sirnas when infected with rna arboviruses. however, in some mosquitoes, arboviruses survive antiviral rna interference (rnai) and are transmitted via mosquito bite to ... | 2008 | 18801182 |
| endogenous sirnas and pirnas derived from transposable elements and genes in the malaria vector mosquito anopheles gambiae. | the sirna and pirna pathways have been shown in insects to be essential for regulation of gene expression and defence against exogenous and endogenous genetic elements (viruses and transposable elements). the vast majority of endogenous small rnas produced by the sirna and pirna pathways originate from repetitive or transposable elements (te). in d. melanogaster, te-derived endogenous sirnas and pirnas are involved in genome surveillance and maintenance of genome integrity. in the medically rele ... | 2015 | 25879960 |
| the salivary secretome of the biting midge, culicoides sonorensis. | culicoides biting midges (diptera: ceratopogonidae) are hematophagous insects with over 1400 species distributed throughout the world. many of these species are of particular agricultural importance as primary vectors of bluetongue and schmallenberg viruses, yet little is known about culicoides genomics and proteomics. detailed studies of members from other blood-feeding dipteran families, including those of mosquito (culicidae) and black fly (simuliidae), have shown that protein components with ... | 2014 | 24949243 |
| novel virus discovery and genome reconstruction from field rna samples reveals highly divergent viruses in dipteran hosts. | we investigated whether small rna (srna) sequenced from field-collected mosquitoes and chironomids (diptera) can be used as a proxy signature of viral prevalence within a range of species and viral groups, using srnas sequenced from wild-caught specimens, to inform total rna deep sequencing of samples of particular interest. using this strategy, we sequenced from adult anopheles maculipennis s.l. mosquitoes the apparently nearly complete genome of one previously undescribed virus related to chro ... | 2013 | 24260463 |
| towards the elements of successful insect rnai. | rna interference (rnai), the sequence-specific suppression of gene expression, offers great opportunities for insect science, especially to analyze gene function, manage pest populations, and reduce disease pathogens. the accumulating body of literature on insect rnai has revealed that the efficiency of rnai varies between different species, the mode of rnai delivery, and the genes being targeted. there is also variation in the duration of transcript suppression. at present, we have a limited ca ... | 2013 | 24041495 |
| genome sequence analysis of in vitro and in vivo phenotypes of bunyamwera and ngari virus isolates from northern kenya. | biological phenotypes of tri-segmented arboviruses display characteristics that map to mutation/s in the s, m or l segments of the genome. plaque variants have been characterized for other viruses displaying varied phenotypes including attenuation in growth and/or pathogenesis. in order to characterize variants of bunyamwera and ngari viruses, we isolated individual plaque size variants; small plaque (sp) and large plaque (lp) and determined in vitro growth properties and in vivo pathogenesis in ... | 2014 | 25153316 |
| integrated vector management for malaria control. | integrated vector management (ivm) is defined as "a rational decision-making process for the optimal use of resources for vector control" and includes five key elements: 1) evidence-based decision-making, 2) integrated approaches 3), collaboration within the health sector and with other sectors, 4) advocacy, social mobilization, and legislation, and 5) capacity-building. in 2004, the who adopted ivm globally for the control of all vector-borne diseases. important recent progress has been made in ... | 2008 | 19091038 |
| health effects of drought: a systematic review of the evidence. | introduction. climate change projections indicate that droughts will become more intense in the 21 century in some areas of the world. the el niño southern oscillation is associated with drought in some countries, and forecasts can provide advance warning of the increased risk of adverse climate conditions. the most recent available data from emdat estimates that over 50 million people globally were affected by drought in 2011. documentation of the health effects of drought is difficult, given t ... | 2013 | 23787891 |
| extensive circadian and light regulation of the transcriptome in the malaria mosquito anopheles gambiae. | mosquitoes exhibit 24 hr rhythms in flight activity, feeding, reproduction and development. to better understand the molecular basis for these rhythms in the nocturnal malaria vector anopheles gambiae, we have utilized microarray analysis on time-of-day specific collections of mosquitoes over 48 hr to explore the coregulation of gene expression rhythms by the circadian clock and light, and compare these with the 24 hr rhythmic gene expression in the diurnal aedes aegypti dengue vector mosquito. | 2013 | 23552056 |
| development of resistance to pyrethroid in culex pipiens pallens population under different insecticide selection pressures. | current vector control programs are largely dependent on pyrethroids, which are the most commonly used and only insecticides recommended by the world health organization for insecticide-treated nets (itns). however, the rapid spread of pyrethroid resistance worldwide compromises the effectiveness of control programs and threatens public health. since few new insecticide classes for vector control are anticipated, limiting the development of resistance is crucial for prolonging efficacy of pyreth ... | 2015 | 26275298 |
| a global assembly of adult female mosquito mark-release-recapture data to inform the control of mosquito-borne pathogens. | pathogen transmission by mosquitos is known to be highly sensitive to mosquito bionomic parameters. mosquito mark-release-recapture (mmrr) experiments are a standard method for estimating such parameters including dispersal, population size and density, survival, blood feeding frequency and blood meal host preferences. | 2014 | 24946878 |
| larvicidal efficacy of ethiopian ethnomedicinal plant juniperus procera essential oil against afrotropical malaria vector anopheles arabiensis (diptera: culicidae). | to screen the essential oil of juniperus procera (j. procera) (cupressaceae) for larvicidal activity against late third instar larvae of anopheles arabiensis (an. arabiensis) patton, the principle malaria vector in ethiopia. | 0 | 25183156 |
| novel and viable acetylcholinesterase target site for developing effective and environmentally safe insecticides. | insect pests are responsible for human suffering and financial losses worldwide. new and environmentally safe insecticides are urgently needed to cope with these serious problems. resistance to current insecticides has resulted in a resurgence of insect pests, and growing concerns about insecticide toxicity to humans discourage the use of insecticides for pest control. the small market for insecticides has hampered insecticide development; however, advances in genomics and structural genomics of ... | 0 | 22280344 |
| cow-baited tents are highly effective in sampling diverse anopheles malaria vectors in cambodia. | the accurate monitoring and evaluation of malaria vectors requires efficient sampling. the objective of this study was to compare methods for sampling outdoor-biting anopheles mosquitoes in cambodia. | 2016 | 27577697 |
| microbiome influences on insect host vector competence. | insect symbioses lack the complexity and diversity of those associated with higher eukaryotic hosts. symbiotic microbiomes are beneficial to their insect hosts in many ways, including dietary supplementation, tolerance to environmental perturbations and maintenance and/or enhancement of host immune system homeostasis. recent studies have also highlighted the importance of the microbiome in the context of host pathogen transmission processes. here we provide an overview of the relationship betwee ... | 2011 | 21697014 |
| mosquitocidal properties of igg targeting the glutamate-gated chloride channel in three mosquito disease vectors (diptera: culicidae). | the glutamate-gated chloride channel (glucl) is a highly sensitive insecticide target of the avermectin class of insecticides. as an alternative to using chemical insecticides to kill mosquitoes, we tested the effects of purified immunoglobulin g (igg) targeting the extracellular domain of glucl from anopheles gambiae (agglucl) on the survivorship of three key mosquito disease vectors: anopheles gambiae s.s., aedes aegypti and culex tarsalis. when administered through a single blood meal, anti-a ... | 0 | 25994632 |
| dopamine receptor antagonists as new mode-of-action insecticide leads for control of aedes and culex mosquito vectors. | new mode-of-action insecticides are sought to provide continued control of pesticide resistant arthropod vectors of neglected tropical diseases (ntds). we previously identified antagonists of the aadop2 d1-like dopamine receptor (dar) from the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti, with toxicity to ae. aegypti larvae as leads for novel insecticides. to extend dar-based insecticide discovery, we evaluated the molecular and pharmacological characteristics of an orthologous dar target, cqdop2, from ... | 2015 | 25793586 |
| selectivity of odorant-binding proteins from the southern house mosquito tested against physiologically relevant ligands. | as opposed to humans, insects rely heavily on an acute olfactory system for survival and reproduction. two major types of olfactory proteins, namely, odorant-binding proteins (obps) and odorant receptors (ors), may contribute to the selectivity and sensitivity of the insects' olfactory system. here, we aimed at addressing the question whether obps highly enriched in the antennae of the southern house mosquito, culex quinquefasciatus, contribute at least in part to the selective reception of phys ... | 2015 | 25774136 |
| the effect of bacterial challenge on ferritin regulation in the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti. | secreted ferritin is the major iron storage and transport protein in insects. here, we characterize the message and protein expression profiles of yellow fever mosquito (aedes aegypti) ferritin heavy chain homologue (hch) and light chain homologue (lch) subunits in response to iron and bacterial challenge. in vivo experiments demonstrated tissue-specific regulation of hch and lch expression over time post-blood meal (pbm). transcriptional regulation of hch and lch was treatment specific, with di ... | 2012 | 23956079 |
| identification of qtls conferring resistance to deltamethrin in culex pipiens pallens. | culex pipiens pallens is the most abundant culex mosquito species in northern china and is an important vector of bancroftian filariasis and west nile virus. deltamethrin is an insecticide that is widely used for mosquito control, however resistance to this and other insecticides has become a major challenge in the control of vector-borne diseases that appear to be inherited quantitatively. furthermore, the genetic basis of insecticide resistance remains poorly understood. in this study, quantit ... | 2015 | 26484540 |
| electrostatic coating enhances bioavailability of insecticides and breaks pyrethroid resistance in mosquitoes. | insecticide resistance poses a significant and increasing threat to the control of malaria and other mosquito-borne diseases. we present a novel method of insecticide application based on netting treated with an electrostatic coating that binds insecticidal particles through polarity. electrostatic netting can hold small amounts of insecticides effectively and results in enhanced bioavailability upon contact by the insect. six pyrethroid-resistant anopheles mosquito strains from across africa we ... | 2015 | 26324912 |
| daily blood feeding rhythms of laboratory-reared north american culex pipiens. | blood feeding by free-living insect vectors of disease is rhythmic and can be used to predict when infectious bites will occur. these daily rhythms can also be targeted by control measures, as in insecticide-treated nets. culex pipiens form pipiens and c.p. f. molestus are two members of the culex pipiens assemblage and vectors of west nile virus throughout north america. although culex species vector human pathogens and parasites, the daily blood feeding rhythms of c.p. f. molestus, to our know ... | 2014 | 24450879 |
| novel selective and irreversible mosquito acetylcholinesterase inhibitors for controlling malaria and other mosquito-borne diseases. | we reported previously that insect acetylcholinesterases (aches) could be selectively and irreversibly inhibited by methanethiosulfonates presumably through conjugation to an insect-specific cysteine in these enzymes. however, no direct proof for the conjugation has been published to date, and doubts remain about whether such cysteine-targeting inhibitors have desirable kinetic properties for insecticide use. here we report mass spectrometric proof of the conjugation and new chemicals that irrev ... | 2013 | 23323211 |
| arbonematodes - nematode infections transmissible by arthropods: arbeitskreis blut, untergruppe «bewertung blutassoziierter krankheitserreger»*. | | 2013 | 23637651 |
| made-to-measure malaria vector control strategies: rational design based on insecticide properties and coverage of blood resources for mosquitoes. | eliminating malaria from highly endemic settings will require unprecedented levels of vector control. to suppress mosquito populations, vector control products targeting their blood hosts must attain high biological coverage of all available sources, rather than merely high demographic coverage of a targeted resource subset, such as humans while asleep indoors. beyond defining biological coverage in a measurable way, the proportion of blood meals obtained from humans and the proportion of bites ... | 2014 | 24739261 |
| concurrent malaria and arbovirus infections in kedougou, southeastern senegal. | malaria is one of the leading causes of acute febrile illness (afi) in africa. with the advent of malaria rapid diagnostic tests, misdiagnosis and co-morbidity with other diseases has been highlighted by an increasing number of studies. although arboviral infections and malaria are both vector-borne diseases and often have an overlapping geographic distribution in sub-saharan africa, information about their incidence rates and concurrent infections is scarce. | 2016 | 26821709 |
| high prevalence of west nile virus in domestic birds and detection in 2 new mosquito species in madagascar. | west nile virus is an arthropod-borne zoonosis transmitted by a large number of mosquito species, and birds play a key role as reservoir of the virus. its distribution is largely widespread over africa, asia, the americas and europe. since 1978, it has frequently been reported in madagascar. studies described a high seroprevalence level of the virus in humans in different areas of the island and a human fatal case of wnv infection was reported in 2011. despite these reports, the epidemiology of ... | 2016 | 26807720 |
| composition and genetic diversity of mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) on islands and mainland shores of kenya's lakes victoria and baringo. | the lake baringo and lake victoria regions of kenya are associated with high seroprevalence of mosquito-transmitted arboviruses. however, molecular identification of potential mosquito vector species, including morphologically identified ones, remains scarce. to estimate the diversity, abundance, and distribution of mosquito vectors on the mainland shores and adjacent inhabited islands in these regions, we collected and morphologically identified adult and immature mosquitoes and obtained the co ... | 2016 | 27402888 |
| dynamics of antigenemia and transmission intensity of wuchereria bancrofti following cessation of mass drug administration in a formerly highly endemic region of mali. | after seven annual rounds of mass drug administration (mda) in six malian villages highly endemic for wuchereria bancrofti (overall prevalence rate of 42.7%), treatment was discontinued in 2008. surveillance was performed over the ensuing 5 years to detect recrudescence. | 2016 | 27912789 |
| lymphatic filariasis in luangwa district, south-east zambia. | past case reports and recent data from lf mapping surveys indicate that lf occurs in zambia, but no studies have been carried out to document its epidemiology and health implications. the present study assessed infection, disease, transmission and human perception aspects of lf in an endemic area of luangwa district, south-east zambia, as a background for planning and implementation of control. | 2013 | 24499525 |
| evidence for stopping mass drug administration for lymphatic filariasis in some, but not all local government areas of plateau and nasarawa states, nigeria. | an average of six annual rounds of ivermectin and albendazole were distributed in plateau and nasarawa states, nigeria, to eliminate lymphatic filariasis. from 2007 to 2008, population-based surveys were implemented in all 30 local government areas (lgas) of the two states to determine the prevalence of wuchereria bancrofti antigenemia to assess which lga mass drug administration (mda) could be halted. in total, 36,681 persons from 7,819 households were examined for filarial antigen as determine ... | 0 | 22855758 |
| transmission indices and microfilariae prevalence in human population prior to mass drug administration with ivermectin and albendazole in the gomoa district of ghana. | the lymphatic filariasis elimination programme in ghana involves annual mass drug administration (mda) of ivermectin and albendazole to persons living in endemic areas. this is repeated annually for 4-6 years to span across the reproductive lifespan of adult worms. in order to stimulate participation of community members in the mda programme, this study was carried out to understand local views on transmission, management and prevention of the disease. the study also presents baseline transmissi ... | 2015 | 26503363 |
| wuchereria bancrofti transmission pattern in southern mali prior to and following the institution of mass drug administration. | the global programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis (gpelf) was launched in 2000 with the goal of stopping transmission of lymphatic filariasis (lf) through yearly mass drug administration (mda). although preliminary surveys of the human population in mali suggested that wuchereria bancrofti infection was highly endemic in the sikasso district, baseline entomological data were required to confirm high levels of transmission prior to the selection of villages in this region for a study of the ... | 2013 | 23981378 |
| ecophysiology of anopheles gambiae s.l.: persistence in the sahel. | the dry-season biology of malaria vectors is poorly understood, especially in arid environments when no surface waters are available for several months, such as during the dry season in the sahel. here we reappraise results on the dry-season physiology of members of the anopheles gambiae s.l. complex in the broad context of dormancy in insects and especially in mosquitoes. we examine evidence on seasonal changes in reproduction, metabolism, stress tolerance, nutrition, molecular regulation, and ... | 2014 | 24933461 |