| increase of tospoviral diversity in brazil with the identification of two new tospovirus species, one from chrysanthemum and one from zucchini. | abstract during a survey conducted in several different regions of brazil, two unique tospoviruses were isolated and characterized, one from chrysanthemum and the other from zucchini. the chrysanthemum virus displayed a broad host range, whereas the virus from zucchini was restricted mainly to the family cucurbitaceae. double-antibody sandwich-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western immunoblot analyses demonstrated that both viruses were serologically distinct from all reported tospovirus ... | 1999 | 18944712 |
| importance and genetic diversity of vegetable-infecting tospoviruses in india. | a survey for peanut bud necrosis virus (pbnv), watermelon bud necrosis virus (wbnv), capsicum chlorosis virus (cacv), and iris yellow spot virus (iysv) was conducted between 2002 and 2009 in the major vegetable-growing areas in india. pbnv was documented widely in tomato and chili peppers in 14 states representing southern, north-western, north-eastern, and central regions and wbnv was predominantly detected in watermelons and cucurbits in all except north-eastern regions. in addition, the expan ... | 2011 | 21299415 |
| structure and genome organization of the large rna of iris yellow spot virus (genus tospovirus, family bunyaviridae). | the structure and organization of the large (l) rna of iris yellow spot virus (iysv) was determined, and with this report, the complete genomic sequence of iysv of the genus tospovirus, family bunyaviridae has been elucidated. the l rna of iysv was 8,880 nucleotides in length and contained a single open reading frame in the viral complementary (vc) strand. the primary translation product of 331.17 kda shared many of the features of the viral rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) coded by l rnas of ... | 2010 | 20016920 |
| nucleotide sequence and genome organization of the medium rna of iris yellow spot virus from the united states. | iris yellow spot tospovirus (iysv) of the family bunyaviridae causes a serious disease in onion in the usa and other parts of the world. inspite of its economic importance, the complete genomic sequence of iysv from the usa is not available. the genome structure and organization of the medium (m) rna of a washington (wa) isolate of iysv were determined and compared to the corresponding region of two isolates previously described from brazil and the netherlands. sequence analysis showed that the ... | 2009 | 19288236 |
| a member of a new tospovirus species isolated in italy from wild buckwheat (polygonum convolvulus). | electron microscopy of extracts from diseased polygonum convolvulus plants from piedmont (italy) revealed particles with the morphological features of a tospovirus. sequencing of the full-length small (s) and medium (m) genome segments indicated that the virus is a member of a new tospovirus species provisionally named polygonum ringspot virus. a feature distinguishing it from members of other tospovirus species was the presence of a very short intergenic region on the s segment lacking the pote ... | 2008 | 18953484 |
| molecular and serological characterization of iris yellow spot virus, a new and distinct tospovirus species. | abstract a new tospovirus was identified in iris cultivations in the netherlands. both serological comparisons and sequence determination of the s rna demonstrate that this virus represents a new and distinct species, belonging to a separate serogroup, and for which the name iris yellow spot virus (iysv) is proposed. the disease symptoms on iris are characterized by yellow spots on the leaves. its experimental host range is very narrow and, in addition to iris, only includes nicotiana benthamian ... | 1998 | 18944829 |
| application of phage display in selecting tomato spotted wilt virus-specific single-chain antibodies (scfvs) for sensitive diagnosis in elisa. | abstract a panel of recombinant single-chain antibodies (scfvs) against structural proteins of tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) was retrieved from a human combinatorial scfv antibody library using the novel phage display technique. after subcloning the encoding dna sequences in the expression vector pskap/s, which allowed the scfvs to be expressed as alkaline phosphatase fusion proteins, 17 different scfv antibodies were obtained. of these, 12 scfvs were directed against the nucleoprotein (n) an ... | 2000 | 18944607 |
| a new tomato-infecting tospovirus from iran. | abstract a new tospovirus species serologically distinct from all other established tospoviruses was found in tomato in iran. typical disease symptoms observed include necrotic lesions on the leaves and yellow ring spots on the fruits, hence the name tomato yellow ring virus (tyrv) was proposed. the s rna of this virus was cloned and its 3,061 nucleotide long sequence showed features characteristic for tospoviral s rna segments. the nucleocapsid (n) protein with a predicted mr of 30.0 kda showed ... | 2005 | 18944405 |
| a one-step reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction system for the simultaneous detection and identification of multiple tospovirus infections. | abstract a one-step reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) method has been developed for the simultaneous detection and identification of multiple tospoviruses that infect plants. the rt-pcr system is composed of six primers in a single tube: a universal degenerate primer and five virus species-specific primers. amplifications resulted in an 848-bp pcr product for watermelon silver mottle virus, 709-bp for tomato spotted wilt virus, 589-bp for impatiens necrotic spot virus, 511 ... | 2005 | 18943986 |
| impact of straw mulch on populations of onion thrips (thysanoptera: thripidae) in onion. | development of insecticide resistance in onion thrips, thrips tabaci lindeman (thysanoptera: thripidae), populations in onion (allium spp.) fields and the incidence of the t. tabaci transmitted iris yellow spot virus have stimulated interest in evaluating alternative management tactics. effects of straw mulch applied in commercial onion fields in muck areas of western new york were assessed in 2006 and 2007 as a possible onion thrips management strategy. in trials in which no insecticides were a ... | 2008 | 18767742 |
| sequence diversity of the nucleoprotein gene of iris yellow spot virus (genus tospovirus, family bunyaviridae) isolates from the western region of the united states. | iris yellow spot virus (iysv), a tentative virus species in the genus tospovirus and family bunyaviridae, is considered a rapidly emerging threat to onion production in the western united states (us). the present study was undertaken to determine the sequence diversity of iysv isolates from infected onion plants grown in california, colorado, idaho, oregon, utah and washington. using primers derived from the small rna of iysv, the complete sequence of the nucleoprotein (np) gene of each isolate ... | 2006 | 16320007 |
| genetic organisation of iris yellow spot virus m rna: indications for functional homology between the g(c) glycoproteins of tospoviruses and animal-infecting bunyaviruses. | the complete nucleotide sequence (4838 nucleotides) of iris yellow spot virus (iysv) m rna indicates, typical for tospoviruses, the presence of two genes in ambisense arrangement. the vrna orf codes for the potential cell-to-cell movement (nsm) protein (34.8 kda) and the vcrna orf for the viral glycoprotein (g1/g2) precursor (128.6 kda). multiple sequence alignment of the nsm and g1/g2 precursor proteins of iysv with those of other tospoviruses, showed highest homologies to peanut bud necrosis v ... | 2002 | 12491100 |
| sequence diversity of ns(m) movement protein of tospoviruses. | in order to determine the diversity of the movement protein (ns(m)) among tospoviruses, the nsm genes of five distinct tospovirus species occurring in brazil (tomato chlorotic spot virus, groundnut ring spot virus, chrysanthemum stem necrosis virus, zucchini lethal chlorosis virus and iris yellow spot virus) were cloned, sequenced and compared with ns(m) sequences of other available tospoviruses. the 'd-motif', a conserved region present in the majority of '30k superfamily' virus movement protei ... | 2001 | 11556705 |
| rt-pcr for detecting five distinct tospovirus species using degenerate primers and dsrna template. | rt-pcr procedures for detection of multiple species of tospovirus from plant tissues were investigated. downstream primers were designated from the 3' untranslated sequences of the s rna. an upstream primer was designated from the degenerated sequences of the nucleocapsid protein. approximately 450 bp dna fragments were detected when tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv)- or impatiens necrotic spot virus (insv)- infected tissues were examined. approximately 350 bp dna fragments were detected when wat ... | 2001 | 11445145 |
| transmission of iris yellow spot virus by frankliniella fusca and thrips tabaci (thysanoptera: thripidae). | thrips-transmitted iris yellow spot virus (iysv) (family bunyaviridae, genus tospovirus) affects onion production in the united states and worldwide. the presence of iysv in georgia was confirmed in 2003. two important thrips species that transmit tospoviruses, the onion thrips (thrips tabaci (lindeman)) and the tobacco thrips (frankliniella fusca (hinds)) are known to infest onion in georgia. however, t. tabaci is the only confirmed vector of iysv. experiments were conducted to test the vector ... | 2012 | 22420253 |
| complementation between two tospoviruses facilitates the systemic movement of a plant virus silencing suppressor in an otherwise restrictive host. | new viruses pathogenic to plants continue to emerge due to mutation, recombination, or reassortment among genomic segments among individual viruses. tospoviruses cause significant economic damage to a wide range of crops in many parts of the world. the genetic or molecular basis of the continued emergence of new tospoviruses and new hosts is not well understood though it is generally accepted that reassortment and/or genetic complementation among the three genomic segments of individual viruses ... | 2012 | 23077485 |
| small rna profiles from virus-infected fresh market vegetables. | functional small rnas, such as short interfering rnas (sirnas) and micrornas (mirnas), exist in freshly consumed fruits and vegetables. these sirnas can be derived either from endogenous sequences or from viruses that infect them. symptomatic tomatoes, watermelons, zucchini, and onions were purchased from grocery stores and investigated by small rna sequencing. by aligning the obtained small rna sequences to sequences of known viruses, four different viruses were identified as infecting these fr ... | 2014 | 25389086 |
| movement and nucleocapsid proteins coded by two tospovirus species interact through multiple binding regions in mixed infections. | negative-stranded tospoviruses (family: bunyaviridae) are among the most agronomically important viruses. some of the tospoviruses are known to exist as mixed infections in the same host plant. iris yellow spot virus (iysv) and tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) were used to study virus-virus interaction in dually infected host plants. viral genes of both viruses were separately cloned into binary psite-bifc vectors. bifc results showed that the n and nsm proteins of iysv interact with their count ... | 2015 | 25666522 |
| in vivo localization of iris yellow spot tospovirus (bunyaviridae)-encoded proteins and identification of interacting regions of nucleocapsid and movement proteins. | localization and interaction studies of viral proteins provide important information about their replication in their host plants. tospoviruses (family bunyaviridae) are economically important viruses affecting numerous field and horticultural crops. iris yellow spot virus (iysv), one of the tospoviruses, has recently emerged as an important viral pathogen of allium spp. in many parts of the world. we studied the in vivo localization and interaction patterns of the iysv proteins in uninfected an ... | 2015 | 25781476 |
| tospoviruses in the mediterranean area. | tospoviruses are among the most serious threats to vegetable crops in the mediterranean basin. tospovirus introduction, spread, and the diseases these viruses cause have been traced by epidemiological case studies. recent research has centered on the close relationship between tospoviruses and their arthropod vectors (species of the thripidae family). here, we review several specific features of tospovirus-thrips associations in the mediterranean. since the introduction of frankliniella occident ... | 2012 | 22682175 |
| development of apple latent spherical virus-based vaccines against three tospoviruses. | apple latent spherical virus (alsv) is characterized by its relatively broad host range, latency in most host plants, and ability to induce gene silencing in host plants. herein, we focus on the above characteristic of alsv and describe our development of alsv vector vaccines against three tospoviruses, namely, impatiens necrotic spot virus (insv), iris yellow spot virus (iysv), and tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv). dna fragments of 201 nt of three tospovirus s-rnas (silencing suppressor (nss) a ... | 2013 | 23850843 |
| broad-spectrum transgenic resistance against distinct tospovirus species at the genus level. | thrips-borne tospoviruses cause severe damage to crops worldwide. in this investigation, tobacco lines transgenic for individual wlm constructs containing the conserved motifs of the l rna-encoded rna-dependent rna polymerase (l) gene of watermelon silver mottle virus (wsmov) were generated by agrobacterium-mediated transformation. the wlm constructs included: (i) translatable wlm in a sense orientation; (ii) untranslatable wlmt with two stop codons; (iii) untranslatable wlmts with stop codons a ... | 2014 | 24811071 |
| viruses occurring in onion crop in amasya province, the major onion producing region in turkey. | amasya is the greatest onion producing area in turkey. onion fields from amasya region were surveyed for virus diseases in 2009-2011 and tested for the presence of the most important onion viruses such as onion yellow dwarf virus (oydv), iris yellow spot virus (iysv), leek yellow stripe virus (lysv), shallot latent virus (slv) and garlic common latent virus (gclv). the presence of virus diseases and their identification was ascertained through symptom observation in the fields, sap transmission ... | 2013 | 24426263 |
| seasonal dynamics of thrips (thrips tabaci) (thysanoptera: thripidae) transmitters of iris yellow spot virus: a serious viral pathogen of onion bulb and seed crops. | thrips-transmitted iris yellow spot virus (iysv) is an important economic constraint to the production of bulb and seed onion crops in the united states and many other parts of the world. because the virus is exclusively spread by thrips, the ability to rapidly detect the virus in thrips vectors would facilitate studies on the role of thrips in virus epidemiology, and thus formulation of better vector management strategies. using a polyclonal antiserum produced against the recombinant, escherich ... | 2014 | 24665687 |
| onion thrips (thysanoptera: thripidae): a global pest of increasing concern in onion. | during the past two decades, onion thrips, thrips tabaci lindeman (thysanoptera: thripidae), has become a global pest of increasing concern in commercial onion (allium cepa l.), because of its development of resistance to insecticides, ability to transmit plant pathogens, and frequency of producing more generations at high temperatures. t. tabaci feeds directly on leaves, causing blotches and premature senescence as well as distorted and undersized bulbs. t. tabaci can cause yield loss > 50% but ... | 2011 | 21404832 |
| evaluation of onion cultivars for resistance to onion thrips (thysanoptera: thripidae) and iris yellow spot virus. | onion thrips, thrips tabaci lindeman (thysanoptera: thripidae), a worldwide pest of onion, allium cepa l., can reduce onion yield by > 50% and be even more problematic when it transmits iris yellow spot virus (family bunyaviridae, genus tospovirus, iysv). because t. tabaci is difficult to control with insecticides and other strategies, field studies on onion, allium cepa l., resistance to t. tabaci and iysv were conducted in 2007 and 2008 in two locations in new york state. forty-nine cultivars ... | 2010 | 20568640 |
| temporal dynamics of iris yellow spot virus and its vector, thrips tabaci (thysanoptera: thripidae), in seeded and transplanted onion fields. | onion thrips, thrips tabaci (lindeman) (thysanoptera: thripidae), can reduce onion bulb yield and transmit iris yellow spot virus (iysv) (bunyaviridae: tospovirus), which can cause additional yield losses. in new york, onions are planted using seeds and imported transplants. iysv is not seed transmitted, but infected transplants have been found in other u.s. states. transplants are also larger than seeded onions early in the season, and thrips, some of which may be viruliferous, may preferential ... | 2010 | 20388253 |
| thrips settling, oviposition and iysv distribution on onion foliage. | thrips tabaci lindeman (thysanoptera: thripidae) adult and larval settling and oviposition on onion (allium cepa l.) foliage were investigated in relation to leaf position and leaf length at prebulb plant growth stages under controlled conditions. in the laboratory, four and six adult females of t. tabaci were released on onion plants at three-leaf stage and six- to eight-leaf stage, respectively, and thrips egg, nymph, and adult count data were collected on each of the three inner most leaves a ... | 2015 | 26470242 |
| long-distance dispersal potential for onion thrips (thysanoptera: thripidae) and iris yellow spot virus (bunyaviridae: tospovirus) in an onion ecosystem. | onion thrips, thrips tabaci lindeman, is a worldwide pest of onion whose feeding damage and transmission of iris yellow spot virus (iysv) may reduce onion yields. little is known about the seasonal dynamics of t. tabaci dispersal, the distance of dispersal, or the movement of thrips infected with iysv during the onion-growing season. to address these questions, t. tabaci adults were collected using transparent sticky card traps in commercial onion fields three times during the onion-growing seas ... | 2015 | 26314037 |
| occurrence of iris yellow spot virus from onion crops in egypt. | iris yellow spot virus (iysv) is a infects onion bulb and seed crops in many countries including egypt. results of the mechanical inoculation reveled that, small chlorotic lesions and systemic necrosis were observed on both nicotiana benthamiana and datura stramonium after 10 days, while there were no symptoms were appeared on the onion plant. the viral biological transmission with thrips tabaci was highly reported to be efficiently for virus transmitted. our results confirmed the presentence of ... | 2014 | 25674622 |
| iris yellow spot virus (tospovirus: bunyaviridae): from obscurity to research priority. | iris yellow spot virus (iysv) is in the genus tospovirus, family bunyaviridae, with a single-stranded, tri-segmented rna genome with an ambisense genome organization. members of the other genera in the family infect predominantly vertebrates and insects. | 2015 | 25476540 |
| sequence analysis of indian iris yellow spot virus ambisense genome segments: evidence of interspecies rna recombination. | the nucleotide sequence of m- and s-rna segments of an indian iris yellow spot virus (iysv) were determined. sequence comparisons showed that both of these sequences shared less than 95 % identity with those other known iysv isolates. phylogenetic analysis revealed that the s- and m-rna sequences of known iysv isolates clustered with those of the tospoviruses, tomato yellow ring virus, polygonum ringspot virus and hippeastrum chlorotic ringspot virus. further, multiple recombination detection me ... | 2015 | 25655262 |
| development of a pcr diagnostic system for iris yellow spot tospovirus in quarantine. | iris yellow spot virus (iysv) is a plant pathogenic virus which has been reported to continuously occur in onion bulbs, allium field crops, seed crops, lisianthus, and irises. in south korea, iysv is a "controlled" virus that has not been reported, and inspection is performed when crops of the genus iris are imported into south korea. in this study, reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and nested pcr inspection methods, which can detect iysv, from imported crops of the genus ... | 2014 | 25506310 |
| global analysis of population structure, spatial and temporal dynamics of genetic diversity, and evolutionary lineages of iris yellow spot virus (tospovirus: bunyaviridae). | thrips-transmitted iris yellow spot virus is an economically important viral pathogen of allium crops worldwide. a global analysis of known iysv nucleocapsid gene (n gene) sequences was carried out to determine the comparative population structure, spatial and temporal dynamics with reference to its genetic diversity and evolution. a total of 98 complete n gene sequences (including 8 sequences reported in this study) available in genbank and reported from 23 countries were characterized by in-si ... | 2014 | 24954534 |
| the complete s rna and m rna nucleotide sequences of a hippeastrum chlorotic ringspot virus (hcrv) isolate from hymenocallis littoralis (jacq.) salisb in china. | an isolate of hippeastrum chlorotic ringspot virus (hcrv) named hls1-2, causing necrotic spots on leaves of spider lily, was obtained and characterized in china. the complete s rna and m rnas of the hls1-2 isolate are 2724 nt and 4741 nt in length, respectively. the hls1-2 s rna sequence is most closely related to that of hcrv, with 99 % identity. viral proteins encoded by the m rna are closely related to those of tomato yellow ring virus (tyrv), polygonum ringspot virus (polrsv) and iris yellow ... | 2013 | 23812614 |
| molecular characterization of the full-length l and m rnas of tomato yellow ring virus, a member of the genus tospovirus. | tomato yellow ring virus (tyrv), first isolated from tomato in iran, was classified as a non-approved species of the genus tospovirus based on the characterization of its genomic s rna. in the current study, the complete sequences of the genomic l and m rnas of tyrv were determined and analyzed. the l rna has 8,877 nucleotides (nt) and codes in the viral complementary (vc) strand for the putative rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) of 2,873 amino acids (aa) (331 kda). the rdrp of tyrv shares the ... | 2013 | 23334441 |