| examination for double-stranded rna viruses in trichomonas gallinae and identification of a novel sequence of a trichomonas vaginalis virus. | to determine if double-stranded rna (dsrna) viruses exist and are potential virulence factors in trichomonas gallinae, virus purification via ultracentrifugation was attempted for 12 t. gallinae isolates recovered from wild birds. following purification, virus-like particles were not observed by transmission electron microscopy, nor were dsrna segments visualized in agarose gels after electrophoresis of extracted rna from any of the 12 t. gallinae isolates. however, virus particles and dsrna seg ... | 2009 | 19452169 |
| cytotoxicity of solubilization vehicles for trichomonas gallinae and tritrichomonas foetus measured by the resazurin microtiter assay. | the parasites tritrichomonas foetus and trichomonas gallinae present veterinary and economic importance since they cause bovine and avian trichomonosis, respectively. the absence of a specific treatment and the necessity of effective and safe drugs against these etiologic agents have stimulated the search for new antiprotozoal drugs with high activity, low toxicity to the animal, and low cost. screening of potential antiprotozoal molecules is currently a common practice and different kinds of or ... | 2009 | 19695781 |
| health of an ex situ population of raptors (falconiformes and strigiformes) in mexico: diagnosis of internal parasites. | successful programs for ex situ and in situ conservation and management of raptors require detailed knowledge about their pathogens. the purpose of this study was to identify the internal parasites of some captive raptors in mexico, as well as to verify their impact in the health status of infected birds. birds of prey were confiscated and kept in captivity at the centro de investigación y conservación de vida silvestre (civs) in los reyes la paz, mexico state. for this, fecal and blood samples ... | 2011 | 22017131 |
| axenization and optimization of in vitro growth of clonal cultures of tetratrichomonas gallinarum and trichomonas gallinae. | a rapid and simple procedure was established to obtain clonal axenic cultures of tetratrichomonas gallinarum and trichomonas gallinae and to optimize their in vitro growth conditions. medium 199 was used for axenization of two genetically different clones of t. gallinarum and t. gallinae. six different media were used to optimize the growth behaviour of axenically grown parasites: medium 199, tym, tyi-s-33, hollander fluid (hf), trichomonas vaginalis (tv) and modified tv media. the highest cell ... | 2010 | 19766633 |
| analysis of microtubule cytoskeleton distribution using a fluorescent taxoid in two trichomonadid protozoa: trichomonas gallinae and tritrichomonas foetus. | trichomonas gallinae and tritrichomonas foetus are flagellated parasitic protozoa of the upper digestive tract of birds and the urogenital tract of cattle, respectively. both of these species are important in the veterinary field, due to the fact that they cause significant economic losses. therefore, we investigated the morphology of these parasites by studying microtubule cytoskeleton organization. flutax-2, an active fluorescent derivative of taxol, was used in this study. this fluorescent ta ... | 2008 | 18255064 |
| anti-protozoan activities of harungana madagascariensis stem bark extract on trichomonads and malaria. | the ethanolic stem bark extract of harungana madagascariensis (hypericaceae), (choisy) poir were evaluated for their activities on trichomonas gallinae (rivolta) stabler isolated from the pigeon (columba livia). it was also tested for their anti-malarial activity on n67 plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis (in vivo) in mice and on plasmodium falciparum isolates in vitro. | 2008 | 18372133 |
| oro-pharyngeal protozoa in captive bustards: clinical and pathological considerations. | an oro-pharyngeal protozoal survey was carried out in captive bustards in the united arab emirates. .endolimax spp., .entamoeba gallinarum, acanthamoeba spp., .naegleria spp. and .coccidia spp. were the protozoa isolated from the oro-pharynx of clinically normal birds. the protozoa species involved in oro-pharyngeal diseases were .trichomonas gallinae and .entamoeba anatis. most of the protozoa observed in clinical cases were associated with severe secondary bacterial infections possibly due to ... | 1998 | 18484038 |
| molecular characterization of the trichomonas gallinae morphologic complex in the united states. | forty-two trichomonas gallinae isolates were molecularly characterized to determine whether isolates differed in genetic sequence of multiple gene targets depending on host species or geographical location. the 5.8s ribosomal rna (rrna) and flanking internal transcribed spacer (its) gene regions were amplified by polymerase chain reaction, and the sequences were analyzed phylogenetically. the results of the sequence analysis strongly suggest at least 2 species may exist within the t. gallinae mo ... | 2008 | 18576862 |
| failure of nitro-imidazole drugs to control trichomoniasis in the racing pigeon (columba livia domestica). | the nitro-imidazole drugs ronidazol. dimetridazol, metronidazol and carnidazol failed to control trichomonas gallinae in the racing pigeon, presumably due to acquired drug resistance. | 1990 | 18679923 |
| mind-best: web server for drugs and target discovery; design, synthesis, and assay of mao-b inhibitors and theoretical-experimental study of g3pdh protein from trichomonas gallinae. | many drugs with very different affinity to a large number of receptors are described. thus, in this work, we selected drug-target pairs (dtps/ndtps) of drugs with high affinity/nonaffinity for different targets. quantitative structure-activity relationship (qsar) models become a very useful tool in this context because they substantially reduce time and resource-consuming experiments. unfortunately, most qsar models predict activity against only one protein target and/or they have not been imple ... | 2011 | 21184613 |
| genetically different clonal isolates of trichomonas gallinae, obtained from the same bird, can vary in their drug susceptibility, an in vitro evidence. | trichomonas gallinae is a flagellated protozoon which parasitizes in the upper digestive tract of different birds, especially columbiformes (doves and pigeons) and falconiformes. the parasite is also a common inhabitant of the crop of psittacine birds and is frequently detected in budgerigars. the lesions associated with t. gallinae infection of the upper digestive tract range from mild inflammation of the mucosa to large caseous lesions that block the lumen of the oesophagus. nitroimidazoles ar ... | 2011 | 21345378 |
| a clonal strain of trichomonas gallinae is the aetiologic agent of an emerging avian epidemic disease. | trichomonas gallinae is a protozoan parasite that is well characterised as a cause of trichomonosis in columbid and raptor species world-wide. the parasite emerged as a novel infection of british passerines in 2005, leading to epidemic mortality associated with significant declines of breeding populations of greenfinches (carduelis chloris) and chaffinches (fringilla coelebs). we characterised the extent of t. gallinae genotypic heterogeneity within the affected wild british avifauna by analysin ... | 2011 | 21712099 |
| identification of a putatively novel trichomonad species in the intestine of a common quail (coturnix coturnix). | a common quail (coturnix coturnix) from a private keeping died unexpectedly and showed a moderate lymphocytic infiltration of the colonic mucosa associated with numerous protozoa-like objects at the pathological examination. these organisms were further identified using chromogenic in situ hybridization (ish) and gene sequencing. ish was performed on paraffin embedded tissue sections and produced a positive signal using a probe specific for the 18s ribosomal rna (rrna) gene of the order trichomo ... | 2011 | 21839582 |
| trichomonad infection in endemic and introduced columbids in the seychelles. | island endemic avifaunas face many threats, including the now well-documented impacts of pathogens. the impacts of pathogens on the endemic seychelles avifauna, however, have been little studied. the protozoan parasite trichomonas gallinae has been shown to reduce survival and reproductive success of the endemic pink pigeon columba mayeri on the nearby island of mauritius. i investigated trichomonad infection prevalence and pathogenicity in endemic seychelles blue pigeons, alectroenas pulcherrim ... | 2011 | 21719842 |
| fine structure of the bird parasites trichomonas gallinae and tetratrichomonas gallinarum from cultures. | the trophozoites of trichomonas gallinae and tetratrichomonas gallinarum were studied by means of light and electron microscopy after cloning and cultivating them axenically. t. gallinae trophozoites varied in shape reaching from ovoidal to pyriform and had a size of about 7-11 microm. they were provided with four free flagella and a fifth recurrent one, which did not become free at the posterior pole. the nucleus was ovoid, had a size of about 2.5-3 microm, and was situated closely below the ba ... | 2009 | 19421777 |
| immune responses of wild birds to emerging infectious diseases. | over the past several decades, outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases (eids) in wild birds have attracted worldwide media attention, either because of their extreme virulence or because of alarming spillovers into agricultural animals or humans. the pathogens involved have been found to infect a variety of bird hosts ranging from relatively few species (e.g. trichomonas gallinae) to hundreds of species (e.g. west nile virus). here we review and contrast the immune responses that wild birds ar ... | 2015 | 25847450 |
| evidence of spread of the emerging infectious disease, finch trichomonosis, by migrating birds. | finch trichomonosis emerged in great britain in 2005 and led to epidemic mortality and a significant population decline of greenfinches, carduelis chloris and chaffinches, fringilla coelebs, in the central and western counties of england and wales in the autumn of 2006. in this article, we show continued epidemic spread of the disease with a pronounced shift in geographical distribution towards eastern england in 2007. this was followed by international spread to southern fennoscandia where case ... | 2011 | 21935745 |
| Trichomonas gallinae, in comparison to Tetratrichomonas gallinarum, induces distinctive cytopathogenic effects in tissue cultures. | In the present study the interaction of three genetically different clonal cultures of Trichomonas gallinae and Tetratrichomonas gallinarum with a permanent chicken liver (LMH) and a permanent quail fibroblast (QT35) cell culture was studied. Proliferation of T. gallinae cells was associated with a disintegration of the cell monolayer. The initial lesions on the LMH monolayer consisted of a progressive accumulation of the flagellate, forming clumps attached to the monolayer. A prolonged incubati ... | 2011 | 22172581 |
| genetic characterization of oropharyngeal trichomonad isolates from wild birds indicates that genotype is associated with host species, diet and presence of pathognomonic lesions. | oropharyngeal trichomonad isolates of wild birds from spain were studied. a total of 1688 samples (1214 of predator birds and 474 of prey species) from wildlife recovery centres and scientific bird-ringing campaigns were analysed from 2011 to 2013. the overall infection prevalence was 20.3% (11.4% in predator birds and 43.3% in prey species). pathognomonic lesions were present in 26% of the infected birds (57.3% in predator birds and 4.9% in prey species). the most commonly parasitized species w ... | 2014 | 25262786 |
| prevalence of haemoproteus columbae and trichomonas gallinae in pigeons (columba domestica) in isfahan, iran. | the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of haemoproteus columbae and trichomonas gallinae in pigeons (columba domestica) in isfahan, iran. study was done on 100 pigeons from january to june 2010 in isfahan located in south of iran. oropharyngeal swabs were taken from all birds. also blood samples were obtained from wing vein and thin smears were prepared from them. all smears were stained by giemsa and were examined by immersion. out of 100 oropharyngeal swab smears 57 (57%) were p ... | 2011 | 23542461 |
| common avian infection plagued the tyrant dinosaurs. | tyrannosaurus rex and other tyrannosaurid fossils often display multiple, smooth-edged full-thickness erosive lesions on the mandible, either unilaterally or bilaterally. the cause of these lesions in the tyrannosaurus rex specimen fmnh pr2081 (known informally by the name 'sue') has previously been attributed to actinomycosis, a bacterial bone infection, or bite wounds from other tyrannosaurids. | 2009 | 19789646 |
| cloning and sequencing of adhesion protein gene of trichomonas gallinae from pigeon. | the adhesion protein (ap) gene of trichomonas gallinae from pigeon was cloned and sequenced. the first-strand cdna of the ap gene of t. gallinae from pigeon was amplified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) with total rna extracting kit and cloned in the vector pmd18-t. the recombinant plasmid was identified by pcr and restriction endonuclease, and the positive clone was sequenced and analysed by comparing the sequence similarity with other sequences in the genbank. the a ... | 2010 | 19939572 |
| trichomonas gallinae, pathogenic trichomonad of birds. | | 1947 | 20245737 |
| design and validation of an oligonucleotide probe for the detection of protozoa from the order trichomonadida using chromogenic in situ hybridization. | infections with protozoal parasites of the order trichomonadida are often observed in veterinary medicine. based on the trichomonad species involved these infections are either asymptomatic or can lead to sometimes serious disease. to further study protozoal agents of the order trichomonadida the establishment of a method to detect trichomonads directly in the tissue, allowing parasite-lesion correlation, is necessary. here we describe the design and evaluation of an oligonucleotide probe for ch ... | 2010 | 20395049 |
| first report of epizootic trichomoniasis in wild finches (family fringillidae) in southern fennoscandia. | forty-one outbreaks of mortality in wild finches were reported in southern norway, sweden, and finland in the second half of 2008 (n = 40) and in february 2009 (n = 1). greenfinches (carduelis chloris) and occasional chaffinches (fringilla coelebs) primarily were affected. forty-eight greenfinches, eight chaffinches, one hawfinch (coccothraustes coccothraustes), and one blue tit (parus caeruleus) from 22 incidents were examined postmortem. birds were in poor nutritional condition and had necroti ... | 2010 | 20408413 |
| molecular analysis of clonal trichomonad isolates indicate the existence of heterogenic species present in different birds and within the same host. | trichomonas gallinae is a flagellated protozoon and the etiological agent of avian trichomoniasis. despite its importance, especially in columbiformes and falconiformes, only a few molecular studies have yet been performed in order to investigate the degree of genetic diversity and cross-transmissibility between different isolates of this parasite. to address these questions 63 clonal cultures of trichomonas spp. isolates were established by successful isolation of single trichomonads from a mix ... | 2010 | 20471174 |
| trichomoniasis in finches from the canadian maritime provinces--an emerging disease. | trichomoniasis was diagnosed in multiple incidents of mortality in wild purple finch (carpodacus purpureus) and american goldfinch (carduelis tristis) in the canadian maritimes. birds exhibited regurgitation, emaciation, and hyperplastic oropharyngitis, ingluvitis, and esophagitis. trichomonas gallinae was identified by histopathology and polymerase chain reaction (pcr). trichomoniasis (trichomonosis) is an emerging disease in wild finches of eastern canada. | 2010 | 20592828 |
| prevalence and pathological lesion of trichomonas gallinae in pigeons of iran. | this research was conducted to determine the prevalence and pathological lesion of trichomonas gallinae in pigeons in the northeast part of iran. wet mount preparations from the oral cavity/crop of 418 pigeons (columba livia) captured from various locations in khorasan province analyzed for t. gallinae by giemsa's staining between april 2008 and june 2009. a total of 418 pigeons, 37.32% (n = 156) were infected with t. gallinae. macroscopically, the oropharynx of infected pigeons has white, caseo ... | 2011 | 23024501 |
| trichomonosis in eurasian sparrowhawks in the czech republic. | pigeon, doves and songbirds are hosts of the parasite trichomonas gallinae (rivolta, 1878), which causes avian trichomonosis. raptors are infected when they digest infected prey. a high percentage of the diet of eurasian sparrowhawk accipiter nisus (linnaeus) is comprised of birds. during the breeding season 2012 and 2013, we clinically tested 298 nestling eurasian sparrowhawks from urban and rural areas of the czech republic for the presence of trichomonads. sparrowhawk nestlings in the urban a ... | 2015 | 26198549 |
| survey for trichomonas gallinae in northern bobwhites (colinus virginianus) from the rolling plains ecoregion, oklahoma and texas, usa. | northern bobwhites (colinus virginianus) have been in decline throughout the southeastern us. prevalence of trichomonas gallinae in wild bobwhites is unknown, although t. gallinae caused morbidity and mortality in experimentally infected bobwhites. many species of columbidae (pigeons and doves) in texas are hosts to t. gallinae. bobwhites potentially may become exposed to this protozoan through supplemental feed or water sources contaminated by columbids infected with t. gallinae. all of 506 bob ... | 2015 | 25973623 |
| clinical signs and histopathologic findings associated with a newly recognized protozoal disease (trichomonas gallinae) in free-ranging house finches (carpodacus mexicanus). | this paper describes the clinical signs and histopathologic findings associated with an emergent disease associated with trichomonas gallinae infections in free-ranging house finches (carpodacus mexicanus) in california. wet mounts were necessary to detect t. gallinae infections in house finches because classical clinical presentation, such as caseous stomatitis or ingluvitis, occurred in < 25% of cases. early detection was instrumental in preventing trichomonosis outbreaks in a high-density nur ... | 2010 | 20597216 |
| emerging infectious disease leads to rapid population declines of common british birds. | emerging infectious diseases are increasingly cited as threats to wildlife, livestock and humans alike. they can threaten geographically isolated or critically endangered wildlife populations; however, relatively few studies have clearly demonstrated the extent to which emerging diseases can impact populations of common wildlife species. here, we report the impact of an emerging protozoal disease on british populations of greenfinch carduelis chloris and chaffinch fringilla coelebs, two of the m ... | 2010 | 20805869 |
| studies on trichomonas gallinae infections in pigeon squabs. | | 1946 | 20990864 |
| a fatal case of trichomonas gallinae infection in a nestling mourning dove. | | 1946 | 20244144 |
| the parasite fauna of the gyrfalcon (falco rusticolus) in iceland. | we examined 46 gyrfalcon (falco rusticolus) carcasses from iceland for parasites, including 29 first-year birds and 17 second-year birds and older. endoparasites observed were the trematodes cryptocotyle lingua (prevalence 8%), cryptocotyle concavum (4%), and strigea sp. (8%); the cestode mesocestoides sp. (27%); and the nematodes eucoleus contortus (76%) and serratospiculum guttatum (7%). ectoparasites included the astigmatan mite dubininia accipitrina (47%), a mesostigmatan rhynonyssid mite (4 ... | 2015 | 26280881 |
| loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for detection of histomonas meleagridis infection in chickens targeting the 18s rrna sequences. | histomonas meleagridis is the causative agent of histomonosis, a disease of gallinaceous fowl characterized by necrotic typhlitis, hepatitis, and high mortality. to develop a rapid and sensitive method for specific detection of h. meleagridis, an assay based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) targeting the 18s rrna gene was established. the detection limit of the lamp assay was 10 copies for standard plasmids containing an 18s rrna gene fragment, which was superior to that of a cla ... | 2013 | 24325302 |
| dual-pathogen etiology of avian trichomonosis in a declining band-tailed pigeon population. | the pacific coast band-tailed pigeon (patagioenas fasciata monilis) is a migratory game bird of north america that is at risk for population decline. epidemics of avian trichomonosis caused by upper digestive tract infection with trichomonas spp. protozoa in these and other doves and pigeons of the united states are sporadic, but can involve tens of thousands of birds in a single event. herein, we analyze the role of trichomonosis in band-tailed pigeon mortality and relate spatial, temporal and ... | 2014 | 24632451 |
| loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for detection of histomonas meleagridis infection in chickens targeting the 18s rrna sequences. | histomonas meleagridis is the causative agent of histomonosis, a disease of gallinaceous fowl characterized by necrotic typhlitis, hepatitis, and high mortality. to develop a rapid and sensitive method for specific detection of h. meleagridis, an assay based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) targeting the 18s rrna gene was established. the detection limit of the lamp assay was 10 copies for standard plasmids containing an 18s rrna gene fragment, which was superior to that of a cla ... | 2014 | 24320623 |
| causes of morbidity and mortality in free-living birds in an urban environment in germany. | free-living birds are often presented to veterinarians at rehabilitation centers as well as in private practice. information about disease processes and causes of death of indigenous free-living birds can aid the clinician in establishing proper treatment and in the assessment of potential zoonotic risks. for the present study, pathogens as causes of morbidity and mortality were determined by performing a complete necropsy on free-living birds presented to the clinic for birds and reptiles of th ... | 2013 | 24136384 |
| detection and quantification of histomonas meleagridis by real-time pcr targeting single copy genes. | histomonas meleagridis, a protozoan parasite that can infect gallinaceous birds, affects mainly the liver and caeca of infected birds. as a consequence of the recent ban of chemotherapeuticals in europe and the usa, histomonosis gained somewhat more attention due to its re-emergence and the fact that there is no effective treatment available. therefore, special attention is now also given towards the diagnosis and the control of the disease. in the actual study we report the development of highl ... | 2015 | 26319200 |
| novel in vitro efficiency of chitosan biomolecule against trichomonas gallinae. | development of new natural agents for parasitic diseases treatment has unexpectedly increased to overcome effectively against emergence and re-emergence of parasitic diseases, the appearance of drug resistant organisms and toxic side effects of current agents. the aim of the study was to evaluate antiprotozoal activities of chitosan biomolecule on trophozoites of trichomonas gallinae. | 2012 | 23133478 |
| racing pigeons: a reservoir for nitro-imidazole-resistant trichomonas gallinae. | trichomonas gallinae , the cause of avian trichomonosis, is most commonly found in the order columbiformes. racing pigeons are often treated preventively with nitro-imidazoles, which could result in the emergence of resistant isolates, and these isolates can be a threat to wildlife when exchanges occur. the sequence type of 16 t. gallinae isolates obtained from racing pigeons and 15 isolates from wild pigeons was determined based on the its1/5.8s rrna/its2 region sequence. in addition, the resis ... | 2014 | 24456034 |
| trichomonads in birds--a review. | members of the family trichomonadidae, mainly trichomonas gallinae and tetratrichomonas gallinarum, represent important parasites in birds with worldwide presence, since being reported in the 19th century. especially columbiformes, falconiformes and strigiformes can be severely affected by trichomonads, whereas the majority of infections in galliformes and anatiformes are subclinical although severe infections are occasionally reported. with the recent appearance of deadly infections in wild pas ... | 2014 | 24476968 |
| antitrichomonal activity of peganum harmala alkaloid extract against trichomoniasis in pigeon (columba livia domestica). | 1. this study was designed to evaluate the antitrichomonal effects of p. harmala alkaloid extract against t. gallinae, both in vitro and in vivo, as well as comparing it to that of metronidazole, conventional antitrichomonal medication and harmine and harmaline, the two alkaloids present in p. harmala. 2. t. gallinae were collected by the wet mount method from infected free-living pigeons. the in vitro assay was performed using multi-well plates containing test compounds in final concentrations ... | 2017 | 28084792 |
| avian trichomonosis in spotted owls (strix occidentalis): indication of opportunistic spillover from prey. | avian trichomonosis, caused by the flagellated protozoan parasite trichomonas gallinae, has variable pathogenicity among bird species ranging from asymptomatic infections to severe disease periodically manifesting in epidemic mortality. traditionally, columbids are identified as highly susceptible to infection with occasional spillover into raptors that prey on infected birds. we identified avian trichomonosis in two dead california spotted owls (strix occidentalis occidentalis) and three dead n ... | 2016 | 27833856 |
| trichomonas gallinae: prevalence and molecular characterization from pigeons in minoufiya governorate, egypt. | trichomonas gallinae infects the upper digestive tract of pigeons. it is transmitted from mother to young squabs by feeding crop milk. generally, infection resulted in severe mortalities in young birds. in this study, we examined 3315 pigeons of different ages from the minoufiya governorate for the clinical infection by t. gallinae. the infection was confirmed in infected birds by microscopical examination of oral swabs, histopathological examination, and pcr of the its1/5.8s/its2 gene. the prev ... | 2016 | 27693221 |
| rapd analysis and sequencing of its1/5.8s rrna/its2 and fe-hydrogenase as tools for genetic classification of potentially pathogenic isolates of trichomonas gallinae. | trichomonas gallinae is a worldwide parasite that causes oropharyngeal avian trichomonosis. during eight years, 60 axenic isolates were obtained from different bird species and characterized by three molecular methods: rapd analysis and pcr-sequencing of its1/5.8s rrna/its2 fragment and fe-hydrogenase gene. we have found two genotypes of its1/5.8s rrna/its2 widely distributed among bird populations, a new variant and also two sequences with mixed pattern. genotype its-obt-tg-1 was associated wit ... | 2016 | 27473993 |
| ecologic drivers and population impacts of avian trichomonosis mortality events in band-tailed pigeons (patagioenas fasciata) in california, usa. | : avian trichomonosis, a disease typically caused by the protozoan parasite trichomonas gallinae , is a well recognized cause of death in many avian species. in california, us, trichomonosis has caused periodic epidemics in pacific coast band-tailed pigeons ( patagioenas fasciata monilis). we summarize reported mortality events and investigate ecologic drivers and population impacts associated with epidemic mortality due to trichomonosis in band-tailed pigeons. between 1945 and 2014, 59 mortal ... | 2016 | 27187033 |
| detection of the european epidemic strain of trichomonas gallinae in finches, but not other non-columbiformes, in the absence of macroscopic disease. | finch trichomonosis is an emerging infectious disease affecting european passerines caused by a clonal strain of trichomonas gallinae. migrating chaffinches (fringilla coelebs) were proposed as the likely vector of parasite spread from great britain to fennoscandia. to test for such parasite carriage, we screened samples of oesophagus/crop from 275 apodiform, passeriform and piciform birds (40 species) which had no macroscopic evidence of trichomonosis (i.e. necrotic ingluvitis). these birds wer ... | 2016 | 27180976 |
| prevalence of trichomonas spp. in domestic pigeons in shandong province, china, and genotyping by restriction fragment length polymorphism. | oropharyngeal swabs (n = 609) were collected randomly from 80,000 domestic pigeons (columba livia domestica) on five pigeon farms and at one pigeon slaughterhouse in shandong province, china, from september 2012 to july 2013. trichomonas spp. were detected in 206/609 (33.8%) samples. the prevalence was 14.9-31.1%, depending on different levels of sanitation and management, and was 4.8% in nestling pigeons, 13.6% in breeding pigeons and 35.2% in adolescent pigeons. trichomonas gallinae genotypes ... | 2016 | 27068150 |
| persistence of two isolates of trichomonas gallinae in simulated bird baths with and without organic material. | trichomonas gallinae, a well-documented protozoan parasite of avian hosts, has been implicated in major passerine mortality events recently and historically throughout the literature. it has been suggested that bird baths and artificial water sources could serve as a source of infection for naive birds; however, trichomonad persistence in water is not well understood. we measured the persistence of t. gallinae isolates from two avian hosts in distilled water and distilled water with the addition ... | 2015 | 26629619 |
| use of fta technology for detection of trichomonas gallinae. | trichomonas gallinae is the causative agent for avian trichomonosis, which can have important population implications for domestic turkeys, columbids, raptors, and various passeriformes. continued population surveillance and genotype distribution is needed to elucidate transmission dynamics and prevalence of t. gallinae among free-ranging birds. however, obtaining live cultures for laboratory testing is logistically challenging, limiting the ability to perform surveillance and genotype investiga ... | 2015 | 26228104 |
| the parasitic communities of the rock pigeon columba livia from iraq: component and importance. | the main objectives of the present study were to investigate the rock pigeon parasitic communities from iraq as well as reporting on the prevalence and intensity of various infections from both sexes. | 2012 | 23339946 |
| trichomonas gallinae persistence in four water treatments. | trichomonas gallinae is a protozoan parasite commonly found in columbids, passerines, and several raptor species. although t. gallinae is thought to spread between individuals and across species through shared water sources, little research has been conducted regarding the persistence of t. gallinae in the environment. to determine the persistence of t. gallinae in various communal water sources, we inoculated 1 × 10(6) trichomonads into 500 ml samples of distilled water, quarry water, bird bath ... | 2015 | 25919469 |
| molecular analysis of trichomonas gallinae in racing pigeons from upper silesia, poland. | the aim of the study was the molecular analysis of its1/5.8s rrna/its2 region of trichomonas gallinae isolates from racing pigeon lofts in upper silesia, poland. the analysed region is very useful for the taxonomy of the trichomonadidae family and indicates the possible existence of different genotypes or species within the t. gallinae. a comparison of the complete its1-5.8s-its2 region of obtained sequences revealed two different sequences. twenty-three of the isolates (62%) showed the first se ... | 2017 | 28525339 |
| molecular characterization of trichomonas gallinae isolates recovered from the canadian maritime provinces' wild avifauna reveals the presence of the genotype responsible for the european finch trichomonosis epidemic and additional strains. | finch trichomonosis, caused by trichomonas gallinae, emerged in the canadian maritime provinces in 2007 and has since caused ongoing mortality in regional purple finch (carpodacus purpureus) and american goldfinch (carduelis tristis) populations. trichomonas gallinae was isolated from (1) finches and rock pigeons (columbia livia) submitted for post-mortem or live-captured at bird feeding sites experiencing trichomonosis mortality; (2) bird seed at these same sites; and (3) rock pigeons live-capt ... | 2015 | 25804862 |
| the emergence and spread of finch trichomonosis in the british isles. | finch trichomonosis, caused by the protozoal parasite trichomonas gallinae, was first recognized as an emerging infectious disease of british passerines in 2005. the first year of seasonal epidemic mortality occurred in 2006 with significant declines of greenfinch carduelis chloris and chaffinch fringilla coelebs populations. here, we demonstrate that large-scale mortality, principally of greenfinch, continued in subsequent years, 2007-2009, with a shifting geographical distribution across the b ... | 0 | 22966140 |
| [effects of the environment on health of feral pigeons (columba livia)]. | we examined 80 feral pigeons and their fecal samples from two feral pigeon lofts of the "pigeon action of basel" (switzerland) for different pathogens. the tested material harbored four pathogenic agents transmissible to humans (chlamydia spp., salmonella spec., campylobacter jejuni, cryptococcus neoformans) in addition several pathogens were found which are no zoonotic agents but potentially pathogenic for the pigeons themselves, such as trichomonas gallinae, coccidia, helminths, ectoparasites ... | 2015 | 25876285 |
| development of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification method for rapid detection of pigeon circovirus. | there are no effective antiviral treatments for pigeon circovirus (picv); thus, rapid diagnosis is critical for effective control of the disease caused by this virus. the recent development of a novel lamp technique that amplifies nucleic acids rapidly with high specificity and sensitivity under isothermal conditions has overcome some of the deficiencies of nucleic-acid-based diagnostic tests. we established a lamp method for rapid detection of picv using two pairs of primers that were designed ... | 2014 | 24193953 |
| fingerprinting and genetic relationship of trichomonas vaginalis, trichomonas muris and trichomonas gallinae. | because of the common pathology, protein expression and drug resistance mechanisms-though in different hosts- of the luminal trichomonads trichomonas vaginalis, t. gallinae and t. muris, doubts were raised concerning their phylogenetic relationship. the random amplified polymorohic (rapd) technique for genetic dna polymorphism studying was used to genetically characterize and assess their interspecies polymorphism. results showed a high statistical support for the close relationship between the ... | 2013 | 24640874 |
| global characterization of micrornas in trichomonas gallinae. | trichomonas gallinae is a protozoan parasite causing trichomonosis in many species of domestic poultry and birds world-wide. micrornas (mirnas) are a class of small non-coding rnas that play key roles in gene regulation. however, no mirnas have been characterized from t. gallinae. | 2014 | 24612519 |
| trichomonas spp. in pigeons: detection by osom trichomonas rapid test. | the efficacy of the osom trichomonas rapid test (developed for rapid diagnosis of human trichomonas vaginalis) in detection of trichomonas spp. in pigeons (columba livia) was investigated. two oral cavity swabs were taken from 50 farm pigeons. cultivation in diamond trichomonas medium was used as a reference method. according to a morphological determination, trichomonas gallinae was the only protozoan found; however, no further molecular analysis was conducted. the osom trichomonas test was pos ... | 2013 | 24597125 |
| the antitrichomonal efficacy of garlic and metronidazole against trichomonas gallinae infecting domestic pigeons. | trichomonas gallinae is the causative agent of canker in pigeon. this work was carried out to investigate in the vitro and in vivo efficacy of aqueous water extract of garlic (age) on the growth of t. gallinae infecting pigeons compared to those of metronidazole (mtz). mtz and age were added, at different concentrations, to glucose-serum broth medium containing 1 × 10(4) trophozoites/ml. in the in vivo experiment, 48 squabs were grouped into four groups. the first group (gr. i) was not infected ... | 2014 | 24488107 |
| multi-locus sequence typing confirms the clonality of trichomonas gallinae isolates circulating in european finches. | in recent years, trichomonas gallinae emerged as the causative agent of an infectious disease of passerine birds in europe leading to epidemic mortality of especially greenfinches chloris chloris and chaffinches fringilla coelebs. after the appearance of finch trichomonosis in the uk and fennoscandia, the disease spread to central europe. finch trichomonosis first reached austria and slovenia in 2012. in the present study the genetic heterogeneity of t. gallinae isolates from incidents in austri ... | 2014 | 24476813 |
| persistence of two trichomonas gallinae isolates in chlorinated and distilled water with or without organic material. | trichomonas gallinae is a protozoan parasite commonly found in columbids, passerines, and raptors. in passerines and columbids, trichomonosis causes significant morbidity and mortality associated with contaminated bird feeders and waters. however, there has been little work on the persistence of t. gallinae in water to determine if artificial waters are a likely source of infection for naive birds. to examine drinking water as a source of t. gallinae transmission, we inoculated 1 x 10(6) trichom ... | 2013 | 24283138 |
| the potential role of oral ph in the persistence of trichomonas gallinae in cooper's hawks (accipiter cooperii). | trichomoniasis, caused by the protozoan trichomonas gallinae, affects a variety of species worldwide including avivorious raptors. existing information suggests that the disease is most prevalent in young birds, and differential susceptibility to trichomoniasis among individuals in different age groups was documented in cooper's hawks (accipiter cooperii) nesting in tucson, arizona. in that population, 85% of nestling cooper's hawks had t. gallinae in their oral cavity, compared to only 1% of br ... | 2014 | 24171574 |
| the finch epidemic strain of trichomonas gallinae is predominant in british non-passerines. | avian trichomonosis, caused by the flagellated protozoan trichomonas gallinae, is a recently emerged infectious disease of british passerines. the aetiological agent, a clonal epidemic strain of the parasite, has caused unprecedented finch mortality and population-level declines in britain and has since spread to continental europe. to better understand the potential origin of this epidemic and to further investigate its host range, t. gallinae dna extracts were collected from parasite culture a ... | 2013 | 23920088 |
| trichomonad parasite infection in four species of columbidae in the uk. | trichomonas gallinae is an emerging pathogen in wild birds, linked to recent declines in finch (fringillidae) populations across europe. globally, the main hosts for this parasite are species of columbidae (doves and pigeons); here we carry out the first investigation into the presence and incidence of trichomonas in four species of columbidae in the uk, through live sampling of wild-caught birds and subsequent pcr. we report the first known uk cases of trichomonas infection in 86% of european t ... | 2013 | 23866933 |
| trichomonosis in free-ranging eurasian collared doves (streptopelia decaocto) and african collared dove hybrids (streptopelia risoria) in the caribbean and description of its-1 region genotypes. | we report the first documented occurrence of an outbreak of trichomonosis in a free-ranging small flock of eurasian collared doves (streptopelia decaocto) and african collared dove hybrids (streptopelia risoria) in the caribbean. in total, 18 birds were examined, including six african collared dove x eurasian collared dove hybrids and 12 eurasian collared doves. the affected age class consisted of adults. sex distribution was equal. with a flock population size of 200 birds, mortality rate for t ... | 2012 | 22856210 |
| molecular confirmation of trichomonas gallinae and other parabasalids from brazil using the 5.8s and its-1 rrna regions. | clinical, gross, and histopathology lesions and molecular characterization of trichomonas spp. infection were described in two striped owls (asio (rhinoptynx) clamator), one american kestrel (falco sparverius), two green-winged saltators (saltator similis), and in a toco toucan (ramphastos toco) from brazil. these birds presented clinical signs including emaciation, ruffled feathers, abundant salivation and open mouth breathing presumably due to abundant caseous material. gross lesions were char ... | 2012 | 22749289 |
| cysteine peptidases, secreted by trichomonas gallinae, are involved in the cytopathogenic effects on a permanent chicken liver cell culture. | trichomonas gallinae, the aetiological agent of avian trichomonosis, was shown to secrete soluble factors involved in cytopathogenic effect on a permanent chicken liver (lmh) cell culture. the present study focused on the characterization of these molecules. the addition of specific peptidase inhibitors to the cell-free filtrate partially inhibited the monolayer destruction, which implied the presence of peptidases in the filtrate and their involvement in the cytopathogenic effect. one-dimension ... | 2012 | 22649527 |
| in-vitro evaluation of anti-trichomonal activities of eugenia uniflora leaf. | eugenia uniflora, used ethnomedically in some tropical countries as an anti-infective, has shown anti-malarial and anti-trypanocidal activities. therefore using bioactivity guided fractionation, anti-trichomonal activity of e. uniflora leaf was investigated. anti-trichomonal activities of leaf methanol extract and its fractions against trichomonas gallinae as well as their cytotoxicities using an in vitro haemaglutination assay were determined. anti-trichomonacidal activities of the extract impr ... | 2011 | 22238499 |
| attempts at infecting ringed turtle doves with virulent trichomonas gallinae. | twenty trichomonas -free ringed turtle doves ( streptopelia risoria ) were inoculated per os with the highly virulent jones' barn strain of trichomonas gallinae . none became infected. three f1 females housed together were similarly inoculated with this strain and remained trichomonas -positive for upwards of 182 days. they showed no disease and eventually lost their infections. these three positive females "mated" and laid several six-egg sets in a communal nest. at successive nestings they wer ... | 1977 | 24228964 |
| high prevalence of trichomonas gallinae in wild columbids across western and southern europe. | avian trichomonosis is known as a widespread disease in columbids and passerines, and recent findings have highlighted the pathogenic character of some lineages found in wild birds. trichomonosis can affect wild bird populations including endangered species, as has been shown for mauritian pink pigeons nesoenas mayeri in mauritius and suggested for european turtle doves streptopelia turtur in the uk. however, the disease trichomonosis is caused only by pathogenic lineages of the parasite trichom ... | 2017 | 28521843 |
| pcr identification and phylogenetic analysis of trichomonas gallinae from domestic pigeons in guangzhou, china. | avian trichomoniasis caused by trichomonas gallinae is a serious protozoan disease worldwide. the domestic pigeon (columba livia domestica) is the main host for t. gallinae and plays an important role in the spread of the disease. based on the internal transcribed spacers of nuclear ribosomal dna of this parasite, a pair of primers (tgf2/tgr2) was designed and used to develop a pcr assay for the diagnosis of t. gallinae infection in domestic pigeons. this approach allowed the identification of t ... | 2017 | 28719959 |
| in vitro and in vivo activity of artemisia sieberi against trichomonas gallinae. | in iranian folk medicine artemisia sieberi has been used for treatment of parasite infections in human and animals. the present study was designed to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo effects of a. sieberi essential oil (eo) against trichomonas gallinae. trichomonas gallinae were recovered by wet mount method from infected native pigeons. the in vitro assays were accomplished in multi-well plates containing metronidazole (mtz) as a standard antitrichomonal and eo in final concentrations of 2.5, ... | 2017 | 28588629 |
| trichomonosis outbreak in a flock of canaries (serinus canaria f. domestica) caused by a finch epidemic strain of trichomonas gallinae. | in the present paper, an outbreak of trichomonosis in a flock of 15 breeding pairs of canaries is described. trichomonosis was diagnosed on characteristic clinical signs, microscopic examination of crop/esophageal swabs, gross pathology and histopathology. trichomonads were successfully grown in culture media and were characterized by multi-locus sequence typing. the three genomic loci its1-5.8s-its2, 18s rrna and fe-hydrogenase were analyzed. molecular characterization confirmed the finch trich ... | 2017 | 28413077 |
| trichomonas gypaetinii n. sp., a new trichomonad from the upper gastrointestinal tract of scavenging birds of prey. | in the context of an epidemiological study carried out by several wildlife recovery centers in spain, trichomonads resembling trichomonas gallinae were found in the oropharyngeal cavity of 2 egyptian vultures (neophron percnopterus) and 14 cinereous vultures (aegypius monachus) which did not show any symptoms of trichomonosis. in order to characterize them, these isolates along with seven other t. gallinae isolates obtained from different hosts and from different geographical origin were analyze ... | 2015 | 25273632 |
| the protozoan parasite trichomonas gallinae causes adult and nestling mortality in a declining population of european turtle doves, streptopelia turtur. | studies incorporating the ecology of clinical and sub-clinical disease in wild populations of conservation concern are rare. here we examine sub-clinical infection by trichomonas gallinae in a declining population of free-living european turtle doves and suggest caseous lesions cause mortality in adults and nestlings through subsequent starvation and/or suffocation. we found a 100% infection rate by t. gallinae in adult and nestling turtle doves (n = 25) and observed clinical signs in three adul ... | 2015 | 25212735 |
| trichomonas stableri n. sp., an agent of trichomonosis in pacific coast band-tailed pigeons (patagioenas fasciata monilis). | trichomonas gallinae is a ubiquitous flagellated protozoan parasite, and the most common etiologic agent of epidemic trichomonosis in columbid and passerine species. in this study, free-ranging pacific coast band-tailed pigeons (patagioenas fasciata monilis) in california (usa) were found to be infected with trichomonad protozoa that were genetically and morphologically distinct from t. gallinae. in microscopic analysis, protozoa were significantly smaller in length and width than t. gallinae an ... | 2014 | 24918075 |