| treponema maltophilum sp. nov., a small oral spirochete isolated from human periodontal lesions. | a novel culture medium for cultivation of fastidious oral anaerobes is described. this medium, omiz-pat, consists of a rich chemically defined basal medium supplemented with asialofetuin, as well as yeast extract and neopeptone fractions. addition of 1 mg of rifampin per liter and 100 mg of fosfomycin per liter allowed routine isolation of spirochetes by a limit dilution method in 96-well plates containing liquid omiz-pat. in addition to members of the four previously recognized species of oral ... | 1996 | 8782684 |
| molecular epidemiology of oral treponemes associated with periodontal disease. | periodontitis, a disease responsible for tooth loss worldwide, is characterized by chronic inflammation of the periodontium, eventually leading to destruction of periodontal ligaments and supporting alveolar bone. spirochetes, identified by dark-field microscopy as being the most predominant bacteria in advanced lesions, are thought to play a causative role. various spirochetal morphotypes were observed, but most of these morphotypes are as yet uncultivable. to assess the role of these organisms ... | 1998 | 9574713 |
| cloning and characterization of a gene (mspa) encoding the major sheath protein of treponema maltophilum atcc 51939(t). | the major sheath protein-encoding gene (mspa) of the oral spirochete treponema maltophilum atcc 51939(t) was cloned by screening a genomic library with an anti-outer membrane fraction antibody. the mspa gene encodes a precursor protein of 575 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 62.3 kda, including a signal peptide of 19 amino acids. the native mspa formed a heat-modifiable, detergent- and trypsin-stable complex which is associated with the outer membrane. hybridization with an mspa-sp ... | 1999 | 9922270 |
| treponema brennaborense sp. nov., a novel spirochaete isolated from a dairy cow suffering from digital dermatitis. | a novel treponema species was isolated from an ulcerative lesion of a cow suffering from digital dermatitis (dd), a disease which causes painful ulcerations along the coronary band. among other anaerobic bacteria, high numbers of spirochaetes have been regularly found in dd lesions. here data are presented of a spirochaete isolated from a dd ulcer. by chemotaxonomy, protein analysis and comparative 16s rdna sequence analysis this isolate was classified as a treponeme that differed from all trepo ... | 1999 | 10028246 |
| treponema species associated with abscesses of endodontic origin. | spirochetes have been frequently observed in abscesses of endodontic origin, but they have rarely been identified. this study sought to investigate the prevalence of eight oral treponemes in acute periradicular abscesses using a species-specific nested polymerase chain reaction assay. purulent exudate was collected by aspiration from 19 cases diagnosed as acute periradicular abscesses and dna extracted from the samples was initially amplified using universal 16s rdna primers. a second round of a ... | 2004 | 15327648 |
| differences in prevalence of selected bacterial species in primary endodontic infections from two distinct geographic locations. | this study intended to compare the prevalence of 7 putative endodontic pathogens in samples of primary endodontic infections taken from patients of 2 distant geographic locations. | 2005 | 15829891 |
| fatty acids synthesized by oral treponemes in chemically defined media. | omiz-w68, a chemically defined medium that contains no long-chain fatty acids and yet supports in vitro proliferation of a wide range of fastidious oral anaerobes, is described. the type strains of treponema denticola, treponema lecithinolyticum, treponema maltophilum, treponema pectinovorum, treponema socranskii, and an as yet unpublished canine treponema species could be propagated indefinitely in this medium with sugar supplements for the saccharolytic species. analysis of the cellular fatty ... | 2007 | 17229060 |
| analysis of the complement sensitivity of oral treponemes and the potential influence of fh binding, fh cleavage and dentilisin activity on the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. | treponema denticola, a periopathogen, evades complement-mediated killing by binding the negative complement regulatory protein factor h (fh) to its surface via the fhbb protein. paradoxically, bound fh is cleaved by t. denticola's dentilisin protease, a process hypothesized to trigger localized dysregulation of complement activation in periodontal pockets. the ability of other oral treponemes to evade complement-mediated killing and bind and cleave fh has not been assessed. in this report, we de ... | 2014 | 24815960 |
| altered microbiomes in bovine digital dermatitis lesions, and the gut as a pathogen reservoir. | bovine digital dermatitis (dd) is the most important infectious disease associated with lameness in cattle worldwide. since the disease was first described in 1974, a series of treponema species concurrent with other microbes have been identified in dd lesions, suggesting a polymicrobial etiology. however, the pathogenesis of dd and the source of the causative microbes remain unclear. here we characterized the microbiomes of healthy skin and skin lesions in dairy cows affected with different sta ... | 2015 | 25781328 |
| upregulation of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and proinflammatory cytokines by the major surface proteins of treponema maltophilum and treponema lecithinolyticum, the phylogenetic group iv oral spirochetes associated with periodontitis and endodontic infections. | treponema maltophilum and treponema lecithinolyticum belong to the group iv oral spirochetes and are associated with endodontic infections, as well as periodontitis. recently, the genes encoding the major surface proteins (msps) of these bacteria (mspa and msptl, respectively) were cloned and sequenced. the amino acid sequences of these proteins showed significant similarity. in this study we analyzed the functional role of these homologous proteins in human monocytic thp-1 cells and primary cul ... | 2005 | 15618163 |
| resistance to human beta-defensins is common among oral treponemes. | oral treponemes are implicated in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. we have previously shown that treponema denticola atcc type strains and strain gm-1 are resistant to killing by human beta-defensins (hbetad)-1 and -2. we hypothesize that resistance to beta-defensins is a common feature of oral treponemes, which allows colonization and persistence in the oral cavity. in this study, we tested additional isolates of t. denticola, as well as six other species of treponemes, for resistance t ... | 2004 | 15491467 |
| pcr-based identification of treponema maltophilum, t amylovorum, t medium, and t lecithinolyticum in primary root canal infections. | molecular genetic methods have significantly contributed to the knowledge about the microbiota associated with infected root canals. albeit spirochetes have been commonly observed in primary root canal infections, only recently they have been identified. the purpose of the present study was to investigate the occurrence of four treponemes-treponema maltophilum, treponema lecithinolyticum, treponema amylovorum, and treponema medium-in cases of primary endodontic infections associated with differe ... | 2003 | 12798152 |
| cloning and characterization of a major surface protein (msptl) of treponema lecithinolyticum associated with rapidly progressive periodontitis. | the gene encoding a major surface protein (msptl) of treponema lecithinolyticum, a periodontopathogen, was cloned and sequenced. the msptl gene has a 1770-bp open reading frame (orf) encoding a protein of 590 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 65 kda which had a typical prokaryotic signal sequence (19 amino acids). msptl showed a high level of homology with major sheath protein (mspa) of treponema maltophilum, phylogenetically the closest relative of t. lecithinolyticum. southern blo ... | 2002 | 11958938 |
| identification of oral spirochetes at the species level and their association with other bacteria in endodontic infections. | recent molecular approaches have revealed that fastidious organisms such as bacteroides forsythus and oral treponemes were frequently found in root canals with apical periodontitis. the purpose of this study was to identify the isolates of oral spirochetes at the species level in endodontic infections and to determine their association with b forsythus and porphyromonas gingivalis. | 2001 | 11552154 |
| outer sheath associated proteins of the oral spirochete treponema maltophilum. | we recently cloned the major outer membrane protein of treponema maltophilum [heuner, k., choi, b.k., schade, r., moter, a., otto, a., göbel, u.b., j. bacteriol. 181, 1025-1029]. here we report the localization of the major sheath protein (msp)a protein in t. maltophilum by immunogold electron microscopy and its expression. northern blot analysis revealed that mspa is expressed constitutively as a monocistronic unit. the transcription initiation site of the mspa gene was identified by primer ext ... | 2001 | 11313133 |
| toll-like receptor-2 mediates treponema glycolipid and lipoteichoic acid-induced nf-kappab translocation. | recently toll-like receptors (tlrs) have been found to be involved in cellular activation by microbial products, including lipopolysaccharide, lipoproteins, and peptidoglycan. although for these ligands the specific transmembrane signal transducers tlr-4, tlr-2, or tlr-2 and -6 have now been identified, the molecular basis of recognition of lipoteichoic acids (ltas) and related glycolipids has not been completely understood. in order to determine the role of tlrs in immune cell activation by the ... | 2001 | 11285258 |
| the diversity of periodontal spirochetes by 16s rrna analysis. | the purpose of this study was to examine the diversity of spirochetes in the subgingival pocket of multiple subjects with a range of periodontal conditions, including two healthy, one adult periodontitis, three acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, eight refractory periodontitis, and one human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) periodontitis. the 16s rrna genes of spirochetes in plaque were amplified by polymerase chain reaction using spirochete selective primers. over 500 clones were sequenced and ... | 2000 | 11154403 |
| activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases p42/44, p38, and stress-activated protein kinases in myelo-monocytic cells by treponema lipoteichoic acid. | we have shown previously that phenol/water extracts derived from two novel treponema species, treponema maltophilum, and treponema brennaborense, resembling lipoteichoic acid (lta), induce cytokines in mononuclear cells. this response was lipopolysaccharide binding-protein (lbp)-dependent and involved toll-like receptors (tlrs). here we show that secretion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha induced by treponema culture supernatants and extracted lta was paralleled by an lbp-dependent phosphorylation ... | 2001 | 11134043 |
| the alternative sigma factor sigma(28) of the extreme thermophile aquifex aeolicus restores motility to an escherichia coli flia mutant. | sigma factor sigma(28) (sigma(f), flia, sigd) directs rna polymerase to transcribe the genes required for flagellar biosynthesis and chemotaxis in many bacteria, including bacillus subtilis, legionella pneumophila, salmonella typhimurium, escherichia coli, yersinia enterolytica, treponema maltophilum and pseudomonas aeruginosa. remarkably the flia gene from the extreme thermophile aquifex aeolicus restored motility to the e. coli mutant at relatively low temperature, albeit partially. this clear ... | 2000 | 11004406 |
| involvement of lipopolysaccharide binding protein, cd14, and toll-like receptors in the initiation of innate immune responses by treponema glycolipids. | culture supernatants from treponema maltophilum associated with periodontitis in humans and treponema brennaborense found in a bovine cattle disease accompanied with cachexia caused a dose-dependent tnf-alpha synthesis in human monocytes increasing with culture time. this activity could be reduced significantly by blocking the cd14-part of the lps receptor using the my 4 mab and by polymyxin b. in the murine macrophage cell line raw 264.7, treponema culture supernatants induced tnf-alpha secreti ... | 2000 | 10946299 |
| a flagellar gene cluster from the oral spirochaete treponema maltophilum. | a flagellar gene cluster from the oral spirochaete treponema maltophilum atcc 51939t was cloned. sequence analysis revealed six putative orfs, two of which encode the flagellar subunit proteins flab2 (286 aa) and flab3 (285 aa). northern blot analysis revealed two flagellin transcripts with the expected size of monocistronic mrnas. sequence analysis and primer extension experiments indicated that the transcription of the flab2 gene is directed by a sigma28-like flia factor. using flia and flia+ ... | 2000 | 10708388 |
| treponema lecithinolyticum sp. nov., a small saccharolytic spirochaete with phospholipase a and c activities associated with periodontal diseases. | strong phospholipase a (pla) and phospholipase c (plc) activities as potential virulence factors are the outstanding characteristics of eight strains of small oral spirochaetes isolated from deep periodontal lesions. by qualitative dot-blot dna-dna hybridization and 16s rdna sequence comparison, these spirochaetes form a distinct phylogenetic group, with treponema maltophilum as its closest cultivable relative. growth of these treponemes, cells of which contain two endoflagella, one at each pole ... | 1999 | 10555310 |
| identification of seven treponema species in health- and disease-associated dental plaque by nested pcr. | species-specific nested pcr was used to detect treponema amylovorum, treponema denticola, treponema maltophilum, treponema medium, treponema pectinovorum, treponema socranskii, and treponema vincentii in dental plaque. subjects with periodontitis harbored all species, but t. pectinovorum and t. vincentii were not found in plaque from disease-free subjects. | 1999 | 9986879 |
| phylogenetic analysis of cultivable oral treponemes from the smibert collection. | dr. robert smibert from the virginia polytechnic institute, usa, isolated and collected over 200 strains of oral treponemes over a 20-year period. dr. smibert, dr. w.e.c. moore and dr. l.v. moore separated these isolates and reference strains into different groups on the basis of cellular fatty acid analysis. in this study, the 16s rrna genes were sequenced for 47 strains that were representative of these groups. five distinct species were identified on the basis of 16s rrna sequence comparisons ... | 1998 | 9734025 |