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thai medicinal plants modulate nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in j774.2 mouse macrophages.centella asiatica (ca) and rhinacanthus nasutus (rn) are thai medicinal plants traditionally used to treat a variety of disorders including inflammatory conditions and infections. nitric oxide (no) produced from activated macrophages plays a role in both inflammatory and anti-inflammatory processes. this study examined whether ca and rn modulate the production of no and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) by j774.2 mouse macrophages. expression of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) ...200415507334
asiaticoside induction for cell-cycle progression, proliferation and collagen synthesis in human dermal fibroblasts.asiaticoside, isolated from centella asiatica, promotes fibroblast proliferation and extracullar matrix synthesis in wound healing. the precise mechanism, however, in molecular and gene expression levels still remains partially understood. using cdna microarray technology, the alternation of genes expression profiles was determined in a human dermal fibroblast in vitro in the presence of asiaticoside (30 microg/ml). fifty-four genes, with known functions for cell proliferation, cell-cycle progre ...200415533060
protective effect of centella asiatica on antioxidant tissue defense system against adriamycin induced cardiomyopathy in rats.increased oxidative stress and antioxidant deficit have been suggested to play a major role in adriamycin induced cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure due to multiple treatments with adriamycin. in this study the cardio protective effect of centella asiatica on myocardial marker enzymes and antioxidant enzymes in adriamycin induced cardiomyopathy was investigated in rats. the rats administered with adriamycin (2.5 mg/kg body wt, i.p) caused myocardial damage that was manifested by the ele ...200415556170
[asiaticoside inducing apoptosis of tumor cells and enhancing anti-tumor activity of vincristine].asiaticoside (ats), a triterpene extracted from centella asiatica (l.) urban, a traditional chinese herb, possesses good wound healing activities because of its stimulative effect on collagen synthesis. recently, the anti-tumor effect of asiaticiside has been reported. this study was to examine the induction of apoptosis in cancer cells, and the enhancement of vincristine (vcr) cytotoxicity by asiaticoside.200415601545
antiproliferative constituents from umbelliferae plants vii. active triterpenes and rosmarinic acid from centella asiatica.the antiproliferative constituents in the meoh extract from the aerial parts of centella asiatica were investigated. activity-guided fractionation of meoh extract resulted in the isolation of ursolic acid lactone, ursolic acid, pomolic acid, 2alpha,3alpha-dihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid, 3-epimaslinic acid, asiatic acid, corosolic acid, and rosmarinic acid. antiproliferative activity of the isolated compounds against human gastric adenocarcinoma (mk-1), human uterine carcinoma (hela), and murine ...200515635187
asiatic acid induces apoptosis in sk-mel-2 human melanoma cells.asiatic acid (aa) is a pentacyclic triterpene found in centella asiatica. in the present study, the mechanism of anticancer effect of aa on skin cancer was investigated. aa decreased viability and induced apoptosis in human melanoma sk-mel-2 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. aa also markedly increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ros) level and enhanced the expression of bax but not bcl-2 protein in the cells. in addition, aa-induced activation of caspase-3 activity in a dose ...200515639343
inhibitory effects of centella asiatica water extract and asiaticoside on inducible nitric oxide synthase during gastric ulcer healing in rats.in this study, the effects of centella asiatica water extract (ce) and its active constituent, asiaticoside (ac), on the expression and activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) during gastric ulcer healing in rats were investigated. ce was prepared from centella asiatica dry plant and the concentration of ac in ce was quantitatively determined with the use of high performance liquid chromatography analysis. different concentrations of ce (0.10 g/kg and 0.25 g/kg) and ac (5 mg/kg and 10 ...200415643549
precision improvement for the analysis of flavonoids in selected thai plants by capillary zone electrophoresis.a capillary zone electrophoresis (cze) method for the analyses of kaempferol in centella asiatica and rosa hybrids and rutin in chromolaena odorata was developed. the optimization was performed on analyses of flavonoids (e.g., rutin, kaempferol, quercetin, myricetin, and apigenin) and organic carboxylic acids (e.g., ethacrynic acid and xanthene-9-carboxylic acid) by investigation of the effects of types and amounts of organic modifiers, background electrolyte concentrations, temperature, and vol ...200515690438
hepatotoxicity associated with the ingestion of centella asiatica.hepatotoxicity due to herbal remedies is being increasingly recognized. centella asiatica (centella asiatica linn urban) is commercialized for multiple conditions. its active principles are pentacyclic triterpenic saponosides (asiaticoside, madecassoside).200515801887
cloning of a cdna probably encoding oxidosqualene cyclase associated with asiaticoside biosynthesis from centella asiatica (l.) urban.a homology-based pcr method was used to clone a cdna encoding oxidosqualene cyclase from centella asiatica, which produces a large quantity of triterpene saponins such as asiaticoside and madecassoside. sequence analysis of one clone found sequences related to beta-amyrin synthase. an open reading frame in the full-length clone was named cabas (centella asiatica putative beta-amyrin synthase). on the basis of amino acid sequence, cabas appears to be an enzyme (beta-amyrin synthase) that synthesi ...200515834571
plant medicines of indian origin for wound healing activity: a review.research on wound healing drugs is a developing area in modern biomedical sciences. scientists who are trying to develop newer drugs from natural resources are looking toward the ayurveda, the indian traditional system of medicine. several drugs of plant, mineral, and animal origin are described in the ayurveda for their wound healing properties under the term vranaropaka. most of these drugs are derived from plant origin. some of these plants have been screened scientifically for the evaluation ...200315866825
cloning and expression of a farnesyl diphosphate synthase in centella asiatica (l.) urban.a cdna encoding farnesyl diphosphate synthase (fps; ec2.5.1.1/ec2.5.1.10) was isolated from centella asiacita (l.) urban, using degenerate primers based on two highly conserved domains. a full-length cdna clone was subsequently isolated by rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) pcr. the sequence of the cafps (c. asiatica farnesyl diphosphate synthase) cdna contains an open reading frame of 1029 nucleotides encoding 343 amino acids with a molecular mass of 39.6 kda. the deduced cafps amino acid ...200515879717
advanced formulation and pharmacological activity of hydrogel of the titrated extract of c. asiatica.titrated extract of centella asiatica (teca) contains three principal ingredients, asiaticoside (as), asiatic acid (aa), and madecassic acid (ma). these components are known to be clinically effective on systemic scleroderma, abnormal scar formation, and keloids. however, one problem associated with administration of teca is its low solubility in aqueous as well as oil medium. in this study, various nonionic surfactants and bile salts as anionic surfactant were tested and screened for solubilizi ...200515918527
[topical chemotherapy for the treatment of burns].a burn is a tissue lesion which provokes different alterations that vary from topical erythema to total destruction of the structures affected. a burn always produces an alteration in the skin, a lesion in the corneal strata is sufficient to cause the skin to lose its capacity to act as a barrier. the objective the treatment for a burn has is to produce epithelization as soon as possible in order to prevent infection and to reduce functional and esthetic aftereffects. infection is the main cause ...200515981974
adjunctive periodontal treatment with centella asiatica and punica granatum extracts in supportive periodontal therapy.centella asiatica and punica granatum are medicinal plants that have been reported to promote tissue healing and modulate host responses. preliminary study revealed positive clinical effects of an innovative preparation from the two herbal extracts in the form of biodegradable chips as a subgingival adjunct to scaling and root planing. the purpose of this research was to evaluate further augmenting efficacy the combined herbal preparation may have among maintenance patients in comparison to stan ...200516022023
emerging role of centella asiatica in improving age-related neurological antioxidant status.free radicals have been hypothesized to play an important role in ageing process. there exists an imbalance between free radical production and antioxidant defense mechanism, which may lead to cell death during ageing. our study was designed to determine whether extract of centella asiatica, an antioxidant, when administered orally (300 mg/kg body weight/day) for 60 days would prevent age-related changes in antioxidant defense system, lipid peroxidation (lpo) and protein carbonyl (pco) content i ...200516026958
phlebotonics for venous insufficiency.chronic venous insufficiency (cvi) is a common condition caused by inadequate blood flow through the veins, usually in the lower limbs. it can result in considerable discomfort with symptoms such as pain, itchiness and tiredness in the legs. sufferers may also experience swelling and ulcers. phlebotonics are a class of drugs that are often used to treat cvi.200516034893
phenolic contents and antioxidant activity of some food and medicinal plants.to identify promising sources of antioxidants, some food and medicinal plants were studied for total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity. the leaves, bark and fruits of terminalia arjuna, terminalia bellerica, terminalia chebula and terminalia muelleri, the leaves and fruits of phyllanthus emblica, and the seeds of syzygium cumini were found to have high total phenolic contents (72.0-167.2 mg/g) and high antioxidant activity (69.6-90.6%). leaves of eucalyptusglobulus were a rich source of ...200516096138
centella asiatica accelerates nerve regeneration upon oral administration and contains multiple active fractions increasing neurite elongation in-vitro.axonal regeneration is important for functional recovery following nerve damage. centella asiatica urban herb, also known as hydrocotyle asiatica l., has been used in ayurvedic medicine for centuries as a nerve tonic. here, we show that centella asiatica ethanolic extract (100 microg ml-1) elicits a marked increase in neurite outgrowth in human sh-sy5y cells in the presence of nerve growth factor (ngf). however, a water extract of centella was ineffective at 100 microg ml-1. sub-fractions of cen ...200516105244
modification of gamma ray induced changes in the mouse hepatocytes by centella asiatica extract: in vivo studies.ionizing radiation, besides causing direct damage also generates reactive oxygen species that are capable of inducing damage to various organs. pretreatment with centella asiatica 1 h prior to irradiation at a dose rate of 100 mg/kg body weight was found to be effective against radiation induced damage in the liver. the number of normal hepatocytes was higher in the centella asiatica pretreated group in comparison with the irradiated only group. the number of binucleated cells and abnormal hepat ...200516161023
identification of triterpenoid compounds of centella asiatica by thin-layer chromatography and mass spectrometry.the identification of the four principal triterpenoid components of centella asiatica has been achieved by tlc on silica gel plates and mass spectrometry, as a modification of the method described in the european pharmacopoeia (5th edn). a combination of ethyl acetate and methanol as the mobile phase was found to be successful in separating these compounds from the rest of the main components of the extract. the spots were detected with anisaldehyde solution. the separated compounds were confirm ...200616206136
[effects of total triterpenes of centella asiatica on the corticosterone levels in serum and contents of monoamine in depression rat brain].to investigate the possible effect of antidepressant effect of total triterpentes of centella asiatica.200516209267
centella asiatica treatment during postnatal period enhances learning and memory in mice.present investigation was planned to evaluate the nootropic effect of centella asiatica. three months old male swiss albino mice were injected orally with graded doses (200, 500, 700, 1000 mg/kg body weight) of c. asiatica aqueous extract for 15 days to select an effective dose for nootropic studies. animals were tested in radial arm maze to assess the learning and memory performance. based on these results, mice were treated orally with 200 mg/kg of c. asiatica for 15 days from day 15 to day 30 ...200516214185
immunomodulatory activities of centella asiatica and rhinacanthus nasutus extracts.centella asiatica (ca) and rhinacanthus nasutus (rn )have been used for treatment of various illnesses, but the mechanisms of action remain largely unknown. this study focused on the influence of ca and rn extracts on cell-mediated and humoral immune responses. in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs), ca (water extract) and rn (water and ethanol extracts) significantly increased proliferation and the production of il-2 and tnf-alpha. in contrast, an ethanol extract of ca inhibited hu ...200516236006
[healing activity of methanolic extract of the barks of spathodea campanulata beauv (bignoniaceae) in rat experimental burn model].spathodea campanulata beauv. (bignoniaceae) is widely distributed through africa and found in particular in cameroon and senegal. it is used in traditional herbal medicine for the treatment of ulcers, filaria, gonorrhea, diarrhea and fever. s. campanulata was also known in cameroon traditional medicine to have a healing activity in burn wounds. the aim of the present study was to assess the burn healing effectiveness of the methanolic extract of the barks of s. campanulata ointment (mebsco) in c ...200516295762
effect of centella asiatica on arsenic induced oxidative stress and metal distribution in rats.concomitant oral supplementation of centella asiatica (100, 200 or 300 mg kg(-1), orally once daily) during arsenic exposure (20 ppm in drinking water for 4 weeks) was investigated in rats for its protective value. the animals exposed to arsenic (iii) showed a significant inhibition of delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (alad) activity, a marginal decrease in glutathione (gsh) and an increase in zinc protoporphyrin (zpp) level in blood. hepatic and renal glutathione (gsh) decreased, while oxi ...200616389662
amino acid analysis of intellan, a herbal product used in enhancing brain function.analysis of the drug "intellan" and two reputed plants i.e. centella asiatica and herpestis monniera used in the preparation of the drug reveals that glutamic and aspartic acids are present in high concentration in the drug and are also required by brain in high concentration to keep itself in higher gears. both these amino acids are used as neurotransmitters and also in stabilizing and stimulating the activities of brain, thus resulting in better performance.199416414752
night eating syndrome and gotu kola. 201516445150
evaluation of anxiolytic properties of gotukola--(centella asiatica) extracts and asiaticoside in rat behavioral models.the ayurvedic medicinal plant gotukola (centella asiatica) was evaluated for its anxiolytic properties. specifically, this study assessed the effects of: gotukola plant materials of different genotypic origin; hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of gotukola; and asiaticoside, a triterpenic compound isolated from gotukola. various paradigms were used to assess the anxiolytic activity, including the elevated plus maze (epm), open field, social interaction, locomotor activity, punished drin ...200616488124
asiaticoside induces human collagen i synthesis through tgfbeta receptor i kinase (tbetari kinase)-independent smad signaling.skin aging appears to be principally related to a decrease in the levels of type i collagen, the primary component of the skin dermis. asiaticoside, a saponin component isolated from centella asiatica, has been shown to induce type i collagen synthesis in human dermal fibroblast cells. however, the mechanism underlying asiaticoside-induced type i collagen synthesis, especially at a molecular level, remains only partially understood. in this study, we have attempted to characterize the action mec ...200616557473
changes in brain biogenic amines and haem biosynthesis and their response to combined administration of succimers and centella asiatica in lead poisoned rats.this study was designed to investigate the therapeutic potential of meso 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (dmsa) and one of its monoesters, monoisoamyl dmsa (miadmsa), individually or when administered in combination with an extract of centella asiatica against experimental lead intoxication in rats. biochemical variables indicative of alterations in the central nervous system and haem biosynthesis were investigated to determine the toxicity in male wistar rats. thirty five rats were exposed to 0.2% ...200616597373
[efficiency of includes of bioactive substances in diet of patient with hepatic encephalopathy].we includes 66 patients with liver cirrhosis of child-pugh b class with hepatic encephalopathy of 0 to 2nd stages in randomized interventional study. 36 patients received standard treatment and 30 patients received standard treatment + bioactive substances in formula cognoblend in capsules (2 capsules twice a day) in course of 5 weeks. formula includes extracts of plants: bacopa monneria, gingko biloba, cat's claw, gotu kola, rosemary. in group combined treatment was significant improvement of c ...200616729760
adriamycin induced myocardial failure in rats: protective role of centella asiatica.generation of reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in adriamycin induced cardiotoxicity. mitochondrial dysfunction is characterized by the accumulation of oxidized lipids, proteins and dna, leading to disorganization of mitochondrial structure and systolic failure. the present study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of centella asiatica on the mitochondrial enzymes; mitochondrial antioxidant status in adriamycin induced myocardial injury. adriamycin (2.5 mg/ ...200716786185
isobolographically additive anticonvulsant activity between centella asiatica's ethyl acetate fraction and some antiepileptic drugs.to investigate interaction between orally given centella asiatica's ethyl acetate fraction (eaca) and intraperitoneally administered antiepileptic drugs (aeds), namely, phenytoin, valproate and gabapentin.200516858951
the effect of methyl jasmonate on triterpene and sterol metabolisms of centella asiatica, ruscus aculeatus and galphimia glauca cultured plants.considering that exogenously applied methyl jasmonate can enhance secondary metabolite production in a variety of plant species and that 2,3-oxidosqualene is a common precursor of triterpenes and sterols in plants, we have studied centella asiatica and galphimia glauca (both synthesizing triterpenoid secondary compounds) and ruscus aculeatus (which synthesizes steroidal secondary compounds) for their growth rate and content of free sterols and respective secondary compounds, after culturing with ...200616876832
in vitro screening of five local medicinal plants for antibacterial activity using disc diffusion method.medicinal plants have many traditional claims including the treatment of ailments of infectious origin. in the evaluation of traditional claims, scientific research is important. the objective of the study was to determine the presence of antibacterial activity in the crude extracts of some of the commonly used medicinal plants in malaysia, andrographis paniculata, vitex negundo, morinda citrifolia, piper sarmentosum, and centella asiatica. in this preliminary investigation, the leaves were used ...200516883283
effect of centella asiatica l (umbelliferae) on normal and dexamethasone-suppressed wound healing in wistar albino rats.centella asiatica is a reputed medicinal plant used in the treatment of various skin diseases in the indian system of medicine. the objective of the study presented in this article was to evaluate the wound-healing potential of the ethanolic extract of the plant in both normal and dexamethasone-suppressed wound healing. the study was done on wistar albino rats using incision, excision, and dead space wounds models. the extract of c asiatica significantly increased the wound breaking strength in ...200616928669
a review of the microcirculation in skin in patients with chronic venous insufficiency: the problem and the evidence available for therapeutic options.impairment of the cutaneous microcirculation is a major predisposing factor in inflammation and ulceration in patients with chronic venous insufficiency (cvi). increase of capillary filtration rate predisposes to the formation of edema. local lymphedema is a complication of cvi, often underdiagnosed. this review is focused on cvi but excludes the complication of ulceration. treatment of microcirculatory dysfunction can be done by pharmacologic intervention or compression therapy or using a combi ...200616928673
centella asiatica (l.) leaf extract treatment during the growth spurt period enhances hippocampal ca3 neuronal dendritic arborization in rats.centella asiatica (cea) is a creeping plant growing in damp places in india and other asian countries. the leaves of cea are used for memory enhancement in the ayurvedic system of medicine, an alternative system of medicine in india. in this study, we have investigated the effect during the rat growth spurt period of cea fresh leaf extract treatment on the dendritic morphology of hippocampal ca3 neurons, one of the regions of the brain concerned with learning and memory. neonatal rat pups (7 day ...200616951719
[plant metabolites as nootropics and cognitives].nowadays several millions of people suffer from alzheimer's disease and other types of dementia. etiology of these diseases is not known very well. there occur different levels of neurotransmitters, the level of acetylcholine in the brain is decreased and pathological changes affect the brain tissue. organic and toxic damage of the brain, free radicals, and other changes participate in the development of these diseases. drugs as nootropics, cognitives, and neuroprotectives are commonly used to t ...200617128592
wound-healing activity of st. john's wort (hypericum perforatum l.) on chicken embryonic fibroblasts.wound-healing effect of st. john's wort (hypericum perforatum l.) extract was evaluated by comparing with dexpanthenol and titrated extract of centella asiatica (teca) on cultured chicken embryonic fibroblasts. chicken embryonic fibroblasts from fertilized eggs were incubated with the plant extract, dexpanthenol and teca. using microscopical methods by staining cells, mitotic ability, morphologic changes and collagen production in the cultured fibroblasts were evaluated as parameters to approach ...200717156955
safety and efficacy of a ginkgo biloba-containing dietary supplement on cognitive function, quality of life, and platelet function in healthy, cognitively intact older adults.to determine if a ginkgo biloba-containing supplement improves cognitive function and quality of life, alters primary hemostasis, and is safe in healthy, cognitively intact older adults.200717324660
chromatographic behaviour of steroidal saponins studied by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.the chromatographic behaviour of steroidal saponins found in anemarrhena asphodeloides, asparagus officinalis, convallaria majalis, digitalis purpurea and ruscus aculeatus was studied by hplc-ms using a c-18 reversed-phase column and aqueous acetonitrile or aqueous methanol mobile phase gradients, with or without the addition of 1% acetic acid. the behaviour was compared to that of triterpene saponins found in aesculus hippocastanum, centella asiatica, panax notoginseng and potentilla tormentill ...200717391684
centella asiatica. 200717397269
the anti-thrombotic active constituents from centella asiatica.the in vitro effects of a methanol extract from the aerial parts of centella asiatica on shear-induced platelet activation and coagulation were assessed after oral administration to rats, by subjecting non-anticoagulated blood to haemostatometry. 3,5-di-o-caffeoyl quinic acid, 1,5-di-o-caffeoyl quinic acid, 3,4-di-o-caffeoyl quinic acid, 4,5-di-o-caffeoyl quinic acid, and chlorogenic acid, together with asiaticoside, kaempferol, quercetine, kaempferol-3-o-beta-d-glucoside and quercetin-3-o-beta- ...200717473438
chemical components of centella asiatica and their bioactivities. 200717498500
a bioactive polyacetylene compound isolated from centella asiatica.a polyacetylene compound was isolated from the aerial parts of centella asiatica. the chemical structure of this new compound was identified as methyl 5-[(e)-9-hydroxy-1-(1-hydroxyhexyl)-2-methoxyundeca-3,10-diene-5,7-diynyloxy]pentanoate (cadiyenol). this compound induces apoptosis (63%) independent of cell cycle regimen in mouse lymphoma cells (p388d1) at 28 microm (ic (50) = 24 +/- 2 microm) in 24 hours. the compound also reduces nitric oxide production by 70 +/- 2% in lipopolysacharride-acti ...200717520525
[determination of aisaticoside in centella asiatica extract by hplc-elsd].a hplc-elsd method was established for the simultaneous quantitative determination of asiaticoside in centella asiatica extract.200717552155
comparative analysis of active constituents in centella asiatica samples from madagascar: application for ex situ conservation and clonal propagation.a comparative quantitative analysis of the active triterpenoids in centella asiatica samples collected in different locations in madagascar was carried out to evaluate the natural variability in triterpenoid content and to select elite samples for further ex situ germplasm conservation and clonal propagation. the highest asiaticoside content (6.42%) was measured in samples collected in mangoro region. in vitro propagation of c. asiatica was successfully achieved in hormone-free medium. although ...200717560738
beneficial effects of centella asiatica aqueous extract against arsenic-induced oxidative stress and essential metal status in rats.the efficacy of an aqueous extract of centella asiatica (100, 200 and 500 mg/kg for 5 consecutive days) was studied in the depletion of arsenic and in the recovery of a few altered biochemical variables in arsenic pre-exposed rats (20 ppm in drinking water for 5 weeks). exposure to arsenic significantly depleted delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (alad) activity, reduced glutathione (gsh) level, superoxide dismutase (sod) and increased thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (tbars) activity i ...200717600859
endophytic fungi from leaves of centella asiatica: occurrence and potential interactions within leaves.fungal endophytes were isolated from leaves of centella asiatica (apiaceae) collected at mangoro (middle eastern region of madagascar, 200 km from antananarivo). forty- five different taxa were recovered. the overall foliar colonization rate was 78%. the most common endophytes were the non-sporulating species 1 (isolation frequency if 19.2%) followed by colletotrichum sp.1 (if 13.2%), guignardia sp. (if 8.5%), glomerella sp. (if 7.7%), an unidentified ascomycete (if 7.2%), the non-sporulating sp ...200817610142
chemical constituents of centella asiatica.studies on the chemical constituents of the aerial part of centella asiatica have led to the isolation of three new compounds, named centellin (1), asiaticin (2), and centellicin (3). their structures have been elucidated through spectral studies including 2d nmr experiments (hmqc, hmbc, (1)h-(1)h cosy, noesy and j resolved).200917613628
enhanced production of asiaticoside from hairy root cultures of centella asiatica (l.) urban elicited by methyl jasmonate.transformed root ("hairy root") cultures have been shown to be a good model for the study of many secondary metabolites. however, economically important compounds such as asiaticoside and madecassoside are produced in insignificant amounts in the root of centella asiatica (l.) urban. to overcome this problem, c. asiatica was transformed using agrobacterium rhizogenes strain r1000 that harbors pcambia1302 encoding the hygromycin phosphotransferase (hpt) and green fluorescence protein (mgfp5) gene ...200717632725
screening of indian medicinal plants for acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity.the cholinergic hypothesis of alzheimer's disease (ad) has provided the rationale for the current pharmaco-therapy of this disease, in an attempt to reduce the cognitive decline caused by cholinergic deficits. nevertheless, the search for potent and long-acting acetylcholinesterase (ache) inhibitors that exert minimal side effects in ad patients is still ongoing. ache inhibitors are currently the only approved therapy for the treatment of alzheimer's disease; only a limited number of drugs are c ...200717639556
a rapid rp-hptlc densitometry method for simultaneous determination of major flavonoids in important medicinal plants.a simple, sensitive, selective, precise, and robust high-performance tlc (hptlc) method was developed and validated for determination of flavonoids in herbal extracts bauhinia variegata, bacopa monnieri, centella asiatica, ginkgo biloba, lonicera japonica, rosa bourboniana, rosa brunonii, and rosa damascena. the hptlc of flavonoids was performed on rp-18 f(254) tlc plates with dual run, water (5% formic acid)/methanol (70:30) and water (5% formic acid)/methanol (50:50) as mobile phases. densitom ...200717654615
[separation and determination of madecassic acid in triterpenic genins of centella asiatica by high performance liquid chromatography using beta-cyclodextrin as mobile phase additive].centella asiatica (l. ) urban is a tropical medicinal plant with a long history of therapeutic uses. madecassic acid and terminolic acid, which are a pair of structural isomers, are two constituents of centella asiatica. a method using reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography in which beta-cyclodextrin (beta-cd) was the additive in mobile phase has been developed for separation of the structural isomers and determination of madecassic acid. the two compounds can be isolated with hig ...200717679419
simultaneous quantitation of three major triterpenoid glycosides in centella asiatica extracts by high performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light scattering detection.a high-performance liquid chromatography method with evaporative light scattering detection was established for simultaneous determination of three major triterpenoid glycosides, i.e. asiaticoside, madecassoside and asiaticoside-b, in centella asiatica extracts. the optimal chromatographic conditions were achieved on a cosmosil 5c(18)-ms-ii column by constant elution with water (0.01% trifluoroacetic acid, v/v) and acetonitrile (1.0% methyl tert-butyl ether, 0.01% trifluoroacetic acid, v/v) (78: ...200817703474
antigenotoxic role of centella asiatica l. extract against cyproterone acetate induced genotoxic damage in cultured human lymphocytes.the majority of the indian population use traditional natural preparations derived from plant material for the treatment of various diseases, and for that reason it becomes necessary to assess the mutagenic potential or modulating action of plants extract when associated with other substances. the genotoxicity testing provides human a risk assessment. earlier in vitro and in vivo studies reveal that the plant extracts from various parts of the plant play a modulating role in xenobiotic effects. ...200817719740
[studies on chemical constituents in herb of centella asiatica].to study the chemical constituents from centella asiatica.200717802882
a novel triterpene from centella asiatica.a novel triterpene, 2alpha,3beta,20,23-tetrahydroxyurs-28-oic acid (1), was isolated from the aerial part of centella asiatica. its structure was elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including 2d-nmr spectra. it displayed no activity against hela and a549 cell lines at concentrations of 10 and 30 microg/ml, respectively.200617971739
effects of traditionally used anxiolytic botanicals on enzymes of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba) system.in canada, the use of botanical natural health products (nhps) for anxiety disorders is on the rise, and a critical evaluation of their safety and efficacy is required. the purpose of this study was to determine whether commercially available botanicals directly affect the primary brain enzymes responsible for gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba) metabolism. anxiolytic plants may interact with either glutamic acid decarboxylase (gad) or gaba transaminase (gaba-t) and ultimately influence brain gaba le ...200718066140
a randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled, half-side comparison with a herbal ointment containing mahonia aquifolium, viola tricolor and centella asiatica for the treatment of mild-to-moderate atopic dermatitis.only a few clinical trials have been published on the topical treatment of atopic dermatitis with herbal ointments. an ointment containing extracts from mahonia aquifolium, viola tricolor and centella asiatica has previously been studied in open uncontrolled trials with children. however, no data exist on adult patients in a randomized controlled trial.200718077922
radioprotective potential of plants and herbs against the effects of ionizing radiation.ionizing radiations produce deleterious effects in the living organisms and the rapid technological advancement has increased human exposure to ionizing radiations enormously. there is a need to protect humans against such effects of ionizing radiation. attempts to protect against the deleterious effects of ionizing radiations by pharmacological intervention were made as early as 1949 and efforts are continued to search radioprotectors, which may be of great help for human application. this revi ...200718188408
positive modulation of cognition and mood in the healthy elderly volunteer following the administration of centella asiatica.centella asiatica has a reputation to restore decline cognitive function in traditional medicine and in animal model. however, little evidence regarding the efficacy of centella asiatica from systematized trials is available. therefore, the present randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study investigated the effect of centella asiatica on cognitive function of healthy elderly volunteer.200818191355
repellent activity of selected plant essential oils against the malarial fever mosquito anopheles stephensi.in recent years, use of environment friendly and biodegradable natural insecticides of plant origin have received renewed attention as agents for vector control. in this study, essential oils extracted by steam distillation from leaves of five plant species centella asiatica l., ipomoea cairica l., momordica charantia l., psidium guajava l. and tridax procumbens l. were evaluated for their topical repellency effects against malarial vector anopheles stephensi in mosquito cages. all essential oil ...200718209711
enhancement of hippocampal ca3 neuronal dendritic arborization by centella asiatica (linn) fresh leaf extract treatment in adult rats.centella asiatica (cea) is a creeper, growing in moist places in india and other asian countries. leaves of cea are used for memory enhancement in the ayurvedic system of medicine, an alternate system of medicine in india. in the present study, we investigated the role of cea fresh leaf extract treatment on the dendritic morphology of hippocampal ca3 neurons, one of the regions concerned with learning and memory, in adult rats.200818218554
derivatives of centella asiatica used against leprosy. 194918224796
inhibition of lps-induced no and pge2 production by asiatic acid via nf-kappa b inactivation in raw 264.7 macrophages: possible involvement of the ikk and mapk pathways.in the present study, we investigated the effect of asiatic acid (the aglycon of asiaticoside) and asiaticoside isolated from the leaves of centella asiatica (umbelliferae) on lps-induced no and pge(2) production in raw 264.7 macrophage cells. asiatic acid more potently inhibited lps-induced no and pge(2) production than asiaticoside. consistent with these observations, the protein and mrna expression levels of inducible inos and cox-2 enzymes were inhibited by asiatic acid in a concentration-de ...200818279797
madecassoside reduces ischemia-reperfusion injury on regional ischemia induced heart infarction in rat.madecassoside (ma), one of the principle terpenoids in centella asiatica, has shown protect effect on isolated rat hearts and isolated cardiomyocytes against reperfusion injury in our previous studies. the aim of this study is to investigate if ma also protected against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in vivo. the ischemia infarction model was established in rats. left ventricular function was monitored during the ischemia-reperfusion period by a multi-channel recorder. after the ischemia ...200818310910
hepatotoxic slimming aids and other herbal hepatotoxins.perceptions of safety and/or cultural mores prompt individuals to seek herbal slimming aids in preference to conventional dietary, physical activity and medication-based protocols. in recent years, terpenoid-containing dietary supplements have been implicated in causing severe and sometimes fatal hepatotoxicity. teucrium polium (germander) was the first of these herbal products to be clearly linked to cases of acute liver failure. subsequently, similar hepatotoxicity has been observed with other ...200818318821
two new flavonoids from centella asiatica (linn.).two new flavonoids named castilliferol 1 and castillicetin 2, as well as a known compound, isochlorogenic acid 3, were isolated from the whole plant of centella asiatica. isolates 1 and 2 exhibited good antioxidant activity using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl radical solution with ic(50) values of 23.10 and 13.30, respectively. the structures of these isolates were determined by analytical and spectral data, including 1-d and 2-d nmr spectra.200818404308
gotu kola (centella asiatica) extract enhances phosphorylation of cyclic amp response element binding protein in neuroblastoma cells expressing amyloid beta peptide.alzheimer's disease (ad) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that shows cognitive deficits and memory impairment. extract from the leaves of gotu kola (centella asiatica) have been used as an alternative medicine for memory improvement in indian ayurvedic system of medicine for a long time. although several studies have revealed its effect in ameliorating the cognitive impairment in rat models of ad and stimulating property on neuronal dendrites of hippocampal region, the molecular mecha ...200818431001
preparation and characterization of herbal creams for improvement of skin viscoelastic properties.the aim of this study was to formulate and evaluate herbal cosmetic creams for their improvement of skin viscoelastic and hydration properties. the cosmetic cream formulations were designed by using ethanolic extracts of glycyrriza glabra, curcuma longa (roots), seeds of psorolea corlifolia, cassia tora, areca catechu, punica granatum, fruits of embelica officinale, leaves of centella asiatica, dried bark of cinnamon zeylanicum and fresh gel of aloe vera in varied concentrations (0.12-0.9%w/w) a ...200818452435
centella asiatica water extract inhibits ipla2 and cpla2 activities in rat cerebellum.centella asiatica (l.) urb an is distributed widely in south america and asia and is known as a therapeutic agent in folk medicine, capable of improving memory and treating several neurological disorders. asiaticoside is one of the compounds found in c. asiatica leaves that is suggested to be responsible for its pharmacological potential. phospholipase a(2) (pla(2)) is a group of enzymes that has abnormal activity in the central nervous system in some neuropsychiatric diseases. in this work, the ...200818455381
enrichment and purification of madecassoside and asiaticoside from centella asiatica extracts with macroporous resins.in present study, the performance and separation characteristics of five macroporous resins for the enrichment and purification of asiaticoside and madecassoside from centella asiatica extracts have been evaluated. the adsorption and desorption properties of total triterpene saponins (80% purity) on macroporous resins including hpd100, hpd300, x-5, ab-8 and d101 have been compared. according to our results, hpd100 offered higher adsorption and desorption capacities and higher adsorption speed fo ...200818457845
madecassoside isolated from centella asiatica herbs facilitates burn wound healing in mice.the current study was designed to investigate the effect of madecassoside, the major triterpene in centella asiatica, on burn wound healing and its possible mechanism of action. an oral administration of madecassoside (6, 12, 24 mg/kg) facilitated wound closure in a time-dependent manner and reached its peak effect, nearly completely wound closure, on day 20 in the group receiving the highest dose of 24 mg/kg of madecassoside. further histopathological analysis revealed that madecassoside allevi ...200818484522
topical formulation of a new plant extract complex with refirming properties. clinical and non-invasive evaluation in a double-blind trial.we tested an otc formulation versus placebo in a double-blind trial to evaluate its ability to improve elasticity and firmness of the skin. the clinical non-invasive evaluation in 20 volunteers shows: 1. no adverse reactions such as itching or irritation 2. efficacy and cosmetic acceptibility of the test cream 3. an increase in electrical capacitance (moisture content) even though without statistical significance. this result is not surprising because the patients had healthy skin and were relat ...200018503475
clinical, biometric and structural evaluation of the long-term effects of a topical treatment with ascorbic acid and madecassoside in photoaged human skin.skin ageing is a complex process determined by the genetic endowment of individual and environmental factors, such as sun exposure. the effects of skin ageing are mostly encountered in the superficial dermis and in the epidermis. we have previously demonstrated in vivo the beneficial effect of a topically applied formula of 5% vitamin c in the treatment of skin ageing. another active compound, madecassoside extracted from centella asiatica, known to induce collagen expression and/or to modulate ...200818503551
effect of centella asiatica leaf powder on oxidative markers in brain regions of prepubertal mice in vivo and its in vitro efficacy to ameliorate 3-npa-induced oxidative stress in mitochondria.centella asiatica (ca) is a common medicinal plant used in the ayurvedic system of medicine to treat various ailments and as a memory enhancer. despite its extensive usage in children, data on its ability to modulate neuronal oxidative stress in prepubertal rodents are limited. hence in the present study we have addressed primarily two questions (i) whether dietary intake of ca leaf powder possess the propensity to modulate endogenous oxidative markers in mouse brain regions and (ii) the efficac ...200818539017
triterpenoid saponin content and the expression level of some related genes in calli of centella asiatica.centella asiatica has been extensively studied but there has been no report to date that relates gene expression and centelloside production in non-differentiated tissues. we have determined the content of the four principal triterpenoid bioactive compounds of c. asiatica (asiaticoside, madecassoside, asiatic acid and madecassic acid) in calli grown in different media and checked the expression level of some of the genes in the centelloside biosynthetic pathway. the results when compared with da ...200818575812
plant-derived micronutrients suppress monocyte adhesion to cultured human aortic endothelial cell layer by modulating its extracellular matrix composition.monocyte adhesion to endothelium plays an important role in atherosclerosis. we investigated the effects of micronutrients on monocyte-binding properties of extracellular matrix (ecm) produced by human aortic endothelial cells (aoec). confluent cultures of aoec were exposed to ascorbic acid, quercetin, gotu kola extract (10% asiatic acid), green tea extract (40% epigallocatechin gallate), or a mixture of these micronutrients for 48 hours. aoec-produced ecm was exposed by differential treatment. ...200818594473
anti-rheumatoid arthritic effect of madecassoside on type ii collagen-induced arthritis in mice.madecassoside is the highest amount of triterpene constituent in centella asiatica herbs, a frequently prescribed crude drug in southeastern asian and china for wound healing and scar management. the present study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential and underlying mechanisms of madecassoside on collagen ii (cii)-induced arthritis (cia) in mice. madecassoside (10, 20 and 40mg/kg), orally administered from the day of the antigen challenge for twenty consecutive days, dose-dependently al ...200818652917
mosquito larvicidal activity of oleic and linoleic acids isolated from citrullus colocynthis (linn.) schrad.in mosquito control programs, botanical origin may have the potential to be used successfully as larvicides. the larvicidal activity of crude acetone, hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and petroleum ether extracts of the leaf of centella asiatica linn., datura metal linn., mukia scabrella arn., toddalia asiatica (linn.) lam, extracts of whole plant of citrullus colocynthis (linn.) schrad, and sphaeranthus indicus linn. were assayed for their toxicity against the early fourth instar larvae of cule ...200818688644
[preparation of asiaticoside and madecassoside from the extract of centella asiatica (l.) urb using preparative high performance liquid chromatography].a high performance liquid chromatographic (hplc) method was successfully used to separate asiaticoside and madecassoside from the extract of centella asiatica (l.) urb. the raw material containing 20% asiaticoside and 45% madecassoside was dissolved in methanol and used for the preparation of the pure compounds. the flow rate of the mobile phase, injection volume and detection wavelength were optimized. the optimum operation parameters were then selected as follows: a c18 column (50 mm x 200 mm, ...200818724677
larvicidal and adulticidal activities of some medicinal plants against the malarial vector, anopheles stephensi (liston).the present study was undertaken to test the efficacy of 11 commonly available medicinal plants and compare its efficacy in relation to larvicidal and mosquitocidal activities against larvae and adults of anopheles stephensi (liston). all the medicinal plants and the mixture were effective against larvae of a. stephensi as evidenced by low lethal concentration and lethal time. the lethality varied in adults and plant extracts of mixture; eucalyptus globulus, cymbopogan citratus, artemisia annua, ...200918787842
an in vitro investigation of herbs traditionally used for kidney and urinary system disorders: potential therapeutic and toxic effects.renal fibrosis is central to progression of most chronic renal pathologies. antioxidants that protect the tubular epithelium and anti-fibrotics that induce apoptosis of pro-fibrotic myofibroblasts without adversely affecting tubular epithelium may slow progression of renal fibrosis, while toxic substances may exacerbate renal scarring. we investigated 47 herbs for their in vitro toxic or antioxidant effects on normal renal mammalian fibroblasts (nrk49f) and tubular epithelial cells (nrk52e) to d ...200918808387
prophylactic neuroprotective property of centella asiatica against 3-nitropropionic acid induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunctions in brain regions of prepubertal mice.despite the increasing popularity of centella asiatica (a well known plant in ayurvedic medicine) globally, evidence demonstrating its protective efficacy against neurotoxicants in animal models is limited. 3-nitropropionic acid (3-npa), a fungal toxin is a well known neurotoxicant which induces selective striatal pathology similar to that seen in huntington's disease. the present study aimed to understand the neuroprotective efficacy of a standardized aqueous extract of c. asiatica (ca) against ...200818930762
neuronutrient impact of ayurvedic rasayana therapy in brain aging.ayurveda is the oldest system of medicine in the world, its antiquity going back to the vedas. it adapts a unique holistic approach to the entire science of life, health and cure. the areas of special consideration in ayurveda are geriatrics, rejuvenation, nutrition, immunology, genetics and higher consciousness. the ayurvedic texts describe a set of rejuvenative measures to impart biological sustenance to the bodily tissues. these remedies are called rasayana which are claimed to act as micronu ...200818931935
enhancement of amygdaloid neuronal dendritic arborization by fresh leaf juice of centella asiatica (linn) during growth spurt period in rats.centella asiatica (cea) is a creeping herb, growing in moist places in india and other asian countries. ayurvedic system of medicine, an alternate system of medicine in india, uses leaves of cea for memory enhancement. here, we have investigated the role of cea fresh leaf juice treatment during growth spurt period of rats on dendritic morphology of amygdaloid neurons, one of the regions concerned with learning and memory. the present study was conducted on neonatal rat pups. the rat pups (7-days ...200918955230
[molecular characters of centella asiatica found with rapd technology].to analyze the dna molecular characters of centella asiatica with rapd technology.200818973007
studies on indian green leafy vegetables for their antioxidant activity.to identify the potential of green leafy vegetables (glv) as antioxidants, methanolic extracts of amaranthus sp., centella asiatica, murraya koenigii and trigonella foenum graecum were studied for their antioxidant activity in different systems at multiple concentrations. total antioxidant activity assessed by phosphomolybdenum method, free radical scavenging activity by 1,1-diphenly-2-picryl hydrazyl (dpph), reducing power and ferrous ion chelating activity were determined. the glv were analyze ...200918985454
protective antioxidant effect of centella asiatica bioflavonoids on lead acetate induced neurotoxicity.lead (pb) is a neurotoxic heavy metal and children in the developmental stage are particularly susceptible to toxic effects of lead exposure. the brain is the key organ involved in interpreting and responding to potential stressors. epidemiological investigations have established the relationship between chronic lead exposure and cognitive impairments in young children. excessive production of radical species plays an important role in neuronal pathology resulting from excitotoxic insults, there ...200819025005
centella asiatica extract selectively decreases amyloid beta levels in hippocampus of alzheimer's disease animal model.psapp mice expressing the 'swedish' amyloid precursor protein and the m146l presenilin 1 mutations are a well-characterized model for spontaneous amyloid beta plaque formation. centella asiatica has a long history of use in india as a memory enhancing drug in ayurvedic literature. the study investigated whether centella asiatica extract (cae) can alter the amyloid pathology in psapp mice by administering cae (2.5 or 5.0 g/kg/day) starting at 2 months of age prior to the onset of detectable amylo ...200919048607
comparison of the effects of collagenase and extract of centella asiatica in an experimental model of wound healing: an immunohistochemical and histopathological study.in this study, we compared the effects of collagenase and centella asiatica in the rat model. twenty-seven female rats were divided into three groups, and two full-thickness wounds were made for each animal. collagenase ointment was applied topically to group i and c. asiatica ointment to group ii rats. in group iii, no treatment was applied. on the third day of treatment, wounds on the left side of three animals of each group were excised. on the fifth and eighth day of the treatments, the same ...200819128262
madecassoside attenuates inflammatory response on collagen-induced arthritis in dba/1 mice.madecassoside (ma), a triterpenoid product isolated from centella asiatica, has been described to exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. the present study was undertaken to determine whether madecassoside (ma) is efficacious against collagen-induced arthritis (cia) in mice and its possible mechanisms. dba/1j mice were immunized with bovine type ii collagen and treated with ma (3, 10 and 30 mg/kg d, i.g.) from days 21 to 42 after immunization. arthritis was evaluated by hind paw sw ...200919135346
determination of asiatic acid in beagle dog plasma after oral administration of centella asiatica extract by precolumn derivatization rp-hplc.a novel precolumn derivatization reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (rp-hplc) method with uv-vis detection for the quantitative determination of total concentration of asiatic acid (aa) in beagle dog plasma is described. aa was extracted with n-hexane-dichloromethane-2-propanol (20:10:1, v/v/v) from plasma, which had been hydrolyzed by acid and derivatized with p-toluidine. chromatographic separation was achieved on a c(18) column using gradient elution in a water-methanol sys ...200919167274
prophylaxis of striae gravidarum with a topical formulation. a double blind trial.synopsis a prophylactic antistriae cream (centella asiatica extract, alpha-tocopherol, and collagen-elastin hydrolisates) was assessed by a double blind trial in 80 pregnant women. in the placebo group 22 women (56%) presented striae, whereas in the treated group only 14 women (34%) developed striae in this pregnancy; this difference was significant (p < 0.05; chi(2) test). an arbitrary score was designed to assess the intensity of striae (from 0 to 3); this score was 1.42 (sd 0.5) in the treate ...199119291041
in vitro and in vivo modulation of cartilage degradation by a standardized centella asiatica fraction.osteoarthritis (oa) is a degenerative joint disease in which focal cartilage destruction is one of the primary features. the present study aims to evaluate the effect of a centella asiatica fraction on in vitro and in vivo cartilage degradation. bovine cartilage explants and bovine chondrocytes cultured in alginate were stimulated with il-1 beta in the presence or absence of different concentrations (2, 5 and 10 microg/ml) of a standardized centella asiatica triterpenes (cat) fraction. the cat f ...200919307458
modulation of lipid metabolism by centella asiatica in oxidative stress rats.a study was carried out to investigate the effects of centella asiatica leaf on lipid metabolism of oxidative stress rats. the rats were fed 0.1% hydrogen peroxide (h(2)o(2)) with either 0.3% (w/w) c. asiatica extract, 5%c. asiatica powder (w/w), or 0.3% (w/w) alpha-tocopherol for 25 wk. results of the study showed that c. asiatica powder significantly (p < 0.05) lowered serum low-density lipoprotein compared to that of control rats (rats fed h(2)o(2) only). at the end of the study c. asiatica-f ...200919323754
an improved hplc-uv method for the simultaneous quantification of triterpenic glycosides and aglycones in leaves of centella asiatica (l.) urb (apiaceae).the simultaneous quantification of madecassoside, asiaticoside, madecassic acid and asiatic acid in centella asiatica by hplc-uv is proposed. asiaticoside was used as reference for the quantification of heterosides and asiatic acid for aglycones. the evaluation of the extraction efficiency of the four molecules led to use soxhlet extraction for 8 h. the method was validated and was found to be accurate in the concentration range of 1.0-3.0 mg/ml for asiaticoside and 0.5-2.0 mg/ml for asiatic aci ...200919349219
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