| tritrophic interactions between parasitoids and cereal aphids are mediated by nitrogen fertilizer. | host plant nutritional quality can directly and indirectly affect the third trophic levels. the aphid-parasitoid relationship provides an ideal system to investigate tritrophic interactions (as the parasitoids are completely dependent for their development upon their hosts) and assess the bottom up forces operating at different concentrations of nitrogen applications. the effects of varying nitrogen fertilizer on the performance of aphidius colemani (v.) reared on sitobion avenae (f.) and aphidi ... | 2015 | 24623663 |
| the resistance and correlation analysis to three species of cereal aphids (hemiptera: aphididae) on 10 wheat varieties or lines. | winter wheat resistance is an efficient and environmentally friendly means to controlling aphids. by using principal component analysis and correlation analysis, we evaluated the resistance of 10 winter wheat varieties or lines from three countries to the following three aphid species: sitobion avenae, rhopalosiphum padi, and schizaphis graminum. the data show that batis was susceptible to si. avenae and r. padi, but had adverse effect on the development of sc. graminum; astron was advantageous ... | 2013 | 24020308 |
| effect of plant nutrition on aphid size, prey consumption, and life history characteristics of green lacewing. | plant quality can directly and indirectly affect the third trophic level. the predation by all the instars of green lacewing, chrysoperla carnea (s.) (neuroptera: chrysopidae) on the cereal aphids, rhopalosiphum padi (l.), and sitobion avenae (f.) at varying nitrogen fertilizer levels was calculated under laboratory conditions. wheat plants were grown on four nitrogen fertilizer levels and aphids were fed on these plants and subsequently offered as food to the c. carnea. aphid densities of 10, 3 ... | 2014 | 23956127 |
| comparative studies on acetylcholinesterase characteristics between the aphids, sitobion avenae and rhopalosiphum padi. | the aphids sitobion avenae (fabricius) and rhopalosiphum padi (linnaeus) (hemiptera: aphidiae) are serious pests on grain crops and usually coexist on late period of wheat growth in china. bioassays showed that r. padi was more susceptible than s. avenae to pirimicarb that is used for wheat aphid control, and the determination of acetylcholinesterase (ache, ec 3.1.1.7) sensitivity showed that the sensitivity of ache to pirimicarb was significantly higher in r. padi than in s. avenae ( lu and gao ... | 2013 | 23879406 |
| virulence of verticillium lecanii (z.) against cereal aphids; does timing of infection affect the performance of parasitoids and predators? | entomopathogenic fungi such as verticillium lecanii (z.) (mycotal(®)) are used for pest control as an alternative to chemical control. in this study, the effect of v. lecanii on cereal aphids is assessed. in addition, an investigation is carried out to determine whether the use of v. lecanii affects the performance of two natural enemies of aphids, the predator harmonia axyridis (p.) and the parasitoid aphidius colemani (v.), in no-choice experiments under laboratory conditions. | 2013 | 22945885 |
| impacts of water deficiency on life history of sitobion avenae clones from semi-arid and moist areas. | the climate warming trend appears to be evident with an increasing frequency of drought events in shaanxi province of china, which may have contributed to an increase in outbreaks of the english grain aphid, sitobion avenae (fabricius). to explore the potential effects of water-deficit stress on aphid outbreak risks, clones of s. avenae were collected from semi-arid and moist areas of shaanxi. the life histories of collected clones were then compared on wheat under well-watered and moderately wa ... | 2015 | 26453713 |
| orco mediates olfactory behaviors and winged morph differentiation induced by alarm pheromone in the grain aphid, sitobion avenae. | olfaction is crucial for short distance host location and pheromone detection by insects. complexes of olfactory receptors (ors) are composed of odor-specific ors and or co-receptors (orco). orcos are widely co-expressed with odor-specific ors and are conserved across insect taxa. a number of orco orthologs have been studied to date, although none has been identified in cereal aphids. in this study, an orco gene ortholog was cloned from the grain aphid, sitobion avenae, and named "saveorco"; rna ... | 2015 | 26187252 |
| transcriptome analysis of the salivary glands of the grain aphid, sitobion avenae. | aphid saliva plays important roles in aphid-host interactions, such as assisting aphid digestion, detoxification, activating or suppressing plant defenses. the grain aphid, sitobion avenae, is one of the most devastating pests of cereals worldwide. in this study, we performed the transcriptome analysis of salivary glands of s. avenae. a total of 33,079 assembled unigenes were identified in the salivary glands of aphids. of the all obtained unigenes, 15,833(47.86%) and 10,829(32.73%) unigenes sho ... | 2017 | 29162876 |
| daily temperature extremes play an important role in predicting thermal effects. | organisms in natural environments experience diel temperature fluctuations, including sporadic extreme conditions, rather than constant temperatures. studies based mainly on model organisms have tended to focus on responses to average temperatures or short-term heat stress, which overlooks the potential impact of daily fluctuations, including stressful daytime periods and milder night-time periods. here, we focus on daily maximum temperatures, while holding night-time temperatures constant, to s ... | 2015 | 26026043 |
| antibiosis and tolerance but not antixenosis to the grain aphid, sitobion avenae (hemiptera: aphididae), are essential mechanisms of resistance in a wheat cultivar. | continuous ingestion of the phloem sap of plants by aphids can remove a significant amount of photoassimilates. based on our earlier works, we hypothesized that due to the reduced aphid feeding time caused by antibiosis, wheat plants may achieve growth tolerance to aphids. we tested this hypothesis using three wheat cultivars, xy22 (xiaoyan22), ak58 (bainongaikang58) and xn979 (xinong979) and the grain aphid, sitobion avenae. in the choice test, s. avenae did not show any preference among the th ... | 2015 | 25895741 |
| molecular and quantitative genetic differentiation in sitobion avenae populations from both sides of the qinling mountains. | quantitative trait differences are often assumed to be correlated with molecular variation, but the relationship is not certain, and empirical evidence is still scarce. to address this issue, we sampled six populations of the cereal aphid sitobion avenae from areas north and south of the qinling mountains, and characterized their molecular variation at seven microsatellite loci and quantitative variation at nine life-history traits. our results demonstrated that southern populations had slightly ... | 2015 | 25822721 |
| silencing the expression of the salivary sheath protein causes transgenerational feeding suppression in the aphid sitobion avenae. | aphids produce gel saliva during feeding which forms a sheath around the stylet as it penetrates through the apoplast. the sheath is required for the sustained ingestion of phloem sap from sieve elements and is thought to form when the structural sheath protein (shp) is cross-linked by intermolecular disulphide bridges. we investigated the possibility of controlling aphid infestation by host-induced gene silencing (higs) targeting shp expression in the grain aphid sitobion avenae. when aphids we ... | 2015 | 25586210 |
| double-stranded rna in the biological control of grain aphid (sitobion avenae f.). | grain aphid (sitobion avenae f.) is the most dominant and destructive pest of wheat, which causes significant yield loss of cereal plants each year by inflicting damage both through the direct effects of feeding and by vectoring debilitating plant viruses. in this study, we performed de novo transcriptome sequencing of grain aphid via roche 454 gs-flx pyrosequencing. a total of 1,106,696 reads were obtained and assembled into 32,277 unigenes, of which 25,389, 21,635, and 16,211 unigenes matched ... | 2015 | 25467938 |
| effects of zinc on care activities and its gene transcript level in the english grain aphid, sitobion avenae. | as a selective stress, heavy metals play an important role in inducing the adaptive adjustments of insects to changing environments. carboxylesterase (care) is one kind of biomarker that could help us to explore the adaptation mechanism of aphids to heavy metal stress. in this study, care activity and gene expression level were investigated in english grain aphids, sitobion avenae (f.) (hemiptera: aphididae), exposed to zn2+ at concentrations of 0, 400, and 1600 mg/kg for 5, 15, 25, and 30 gener ... | 2014 | 25373214 |
| impact of water-deficit stress on tritrophic interactions in a wheat-aphid-parasitoid system. | increasing temperature and co2 concentrations can alter tritrophic interactions in ecosystems, but the impact of increasingly severe drought on such interactions is not well understood. we examined the response of a wheat-aphid-parasitoid system to variation in water-deficit stress levels. our results showed that arid area clones of the aphid, sitobion avenae (fabricius), tended to have longer developmental times compared to semiarid and moist area clones, and the development of s. avenae clones ... | 2017 | 29053722 |
| genetic diversity of sitobion avenae (homoptera: aphididae) populations from different geographic regions in china. | sitobion avenae is a major agricultural pest of wheat in china. using microsatellite markers, we studied the potential gene flow, genetic diversity, genetic differentiation, and genetic structure of seven s. avenae populations from different regions of china (beijing, hebei, henan, hubei, jiangsu, shandong, and shanxi provinces). the populations from henan, shandong, and jiangsu showed high levels of genic and genotypic diversity. by contrast, the genic diversity in the beijing and hebei populat ... | 2014 | 25356548 |
| induction of resistance by silicon in wheat plants to alate and apterous morphs of sitobion avenae (hemiptera: aphididae). | despite the knowledge about the effects of silicon augmenting antibiosis and nonpreference of plants by apterous aphids, few studies exist on such effects with alate aphids. this study evaluated the effects of silicon fertilization on the biology of alate and apterous morphs of sitobion avenae (f.) (hemiptera: aphididae), and the effect on nonpreference by s. avenae alates for wheat plants with or without silicon fertilization. a method for rearing aphids on detached leaves was evaluated compari ... | 2014 | 25182615 |
| genetic basis and selection for life-history trait plasticity on alternative host plants for the cereal aphid sitobion avenae. | sitobion avenae (f.) can survive on various plants in the poaceae, which may select for highly plastic genotypes. but phenotypic plasticity was often thought to be non-genetic, and of little evolutionary significance historically, and many problems related to adaptive plasticity, its genetic basis and natural selection for plasticity have not been well documented. to address these questions, clones of s. avenae were collected from three plants, and their phenotypic plasticity under alternative e ... | 2014 | 25181493 |
| watery saliva secreted by the grain aphid sitobion avenae stimulates aphid resistance in wheat. | infestation with sitobion avenae induces localized defense responses in wheat; in this study, the role of s. avenae watery saliva in resistance induction was examined by infiltrating aphid saliva into wheat leaves. after feeding s. avenae on an artificial diet for 48 h, we first collected watery saliva from them and then separated the salivary proteins using one-dimensional gel electrophoresis. gene expression studies showed that infiltration of s. avenae watery saliva in wheat leaves induced a ... | 2017 | 28915349 |
| xenobiotic metabolism of plant secondary compounds in the english grain aphid, sitobion avenae (f.) (hemiptera: aphididae). | plant secondary compounds have been documented to be deleterious to insects and other herbivores in diverse ways. in this study, the effect of catechol (phenolics), gramine (alkaloid) and l-ornithine-hci (non-protein amino acid) on the activities of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes in english grain aphid, sitobion avenae, was evaluated. phase i enzymes investigated in this study included carboxylesterase (care), and oxidoreductase, whereas phase ii enzymes were represented by glutathione s-transf ... | 2013 | 25149234 |
| life stages of an aphid living under similar thermal conditions differ in thermal performance. | heat responses can vary ontogenetically in many insects with complex life cycles, reflecting differences in thermal environments they experience. such variation has rarely been considered in insects that develop incrementally and experience common microclimates across stages. to test if there is a low level of ontogenetic variation for heat responses in one such species, the english grain aphid sitobion avenae, basal tolerance [upper lethal temperature (ult50) and maximum critical temperature (c ... | 2017 | 28283383 |
| rna interference of the ecdysone receptor genes ecr and usp in grain aphid (sitobion avenae f.) affects its survival and fecundity upon feeding on wheat plants. | rna interference (rnai) has been widely used in functional genomics of insects and received intensive attention in the development of rnai-based plants for insect control. ecdysone receptor (ecr) and ultraspiracle protein (usp) play important roles in molting, metamorphosis, and reproduction of insects. ecr and usp orthologs and their function in grain aphid (sitobion avenae f.) have not been documented yet. here, rt-pcr, qrt-pcr, dsrna feeding assay and aphid bioassay were employed to isolate e ... | 2016 | 27983619 |
| the complete mitochondrial genome of sitobion avenae (hemiptera: aphididae). | in this paper, we sequenced the complete mitogenome of the english grain aphid, sitobion avenae. the mitogenome was mainly consisted of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 trna genes, 2 rrna genes, and 2 large noncoding regions. the 15,180-bp mitogenome with a high a + t content (84.22%) was arranged in the same gene order as that of the ancestral insect. the repeat region between trne and trnf included 1.29 copies of a 202 bp repeat unit. characterization of the s. avenae mitogenome revealed architectu ... | 2016 | 24919501 |
| the genetics of indirect ecological effects-plant parasites and aphid herbivores. | when parasitic plants and aphid herbivores share a host, both direct and indirect ecological effects (iees) can influence evolutionary processes. we used a hemiparasitic plant (rhinanthus minor), a grass host (hordeum vulgare) and a cereal aphid (sitobion avenae) to investigate the genetics of iees between the aphid and the parasitic plant, and looked to see how these might affect or be influenced by the genetic diversity of the host plants. survival of r. minor depended on the parasite's popula ... | 2014 | 24782886 |
| direct exposure of wheat seeds to high-voltage electrostatic fields adversely affects the performance of sitobion avenae (hemiptera: aphididae). | exposing seeds to a high-voltage electrostatic field (hvef) may influence the performance of herbivores and improve the germination rate by inducing biological and physiological changes in plants. in the current study, an age-stage, two-sex life table was established to evaluate the effects from directly exposing seeds to hvefs on the performance of apterous sitobion avenae (fabricius) reared on winter wheat. we treated the wheat seeds by exposing them to an hvef for 20 min at three intensities: ... | 2016 | 27780837 |
| identification and expression analysis of candidate odorant-binding protein and chemosensory protein genes by antennal transcriptome of sitobion avenae. | odorant-binding proteins (obps) and chemosensory proteins (csps) of aphids are thought to be responsible for the initial molecular interactions during olfaction that mediate detection of chemical signals. analysis of the diversity of proteins involved comprises critical basic research work that will facilitate the development of sustainable pest control strategies. to help us better understand differences in the olfactory system between winged and wingless grain aphids, we constructed an antenna ... | 2016 | 27561107 |
| expression profiling of selected glutathione transferase genes in zea mays (l.) seedlings infested with cereal aphids. | the purpose of this report was to evaluate the expression patterns of selected glutathione transferase genes (gst1, gst18, gst23 and gst24) in the tissues of two maize (zea mays l.) varieties (relatively resistant ambrozja and susceptible tasty sweet) that were colonized with oligophagous bird cherry-oat aphid (rhopalosiphum padi l.) or monophagous grain aphid (sitobion avenae l.). simultaneously, insect-triggered generation of superoxide anion radicals (o2•-) in infested z. mays plants was moni ... | 2014 | 25365518 |
| comparative role of neem seed extract, moringa leaf extract and imidacloprid in the management of wheat aphids in relation to yield losses in pakistan. | wheat being staple food of pakistan is constantly attacked by major wheat aphid species, schizaphis graminum (r.), rhopalosiphum padi (l.) and sitobion avenae (f.). due to concern on synthetic chemical use in wheat, it is imperative to search for alternative environment- and human- friendly control measures such as botanical pesticides. in the present study, we evaluated the comparative role of neem seed extract (nse), moringa leaf extract (mle) and imidacloprid (i) in the management of the aphi ... | 2017 | 28953894 |
| role of phenolic compounds during antioxidative responses of winter triticale to aphid and beetle attack. | one of the earliest responses of plants to insects' attack is generation of reactive oxygen species. however, the elevated level of ros can elicit oxidative burst within plant tissues, and plants employ antioxidant systems against these radicals. due to their chemical structures, polyphenols are able to diminish the level of ros. thus, we investigated the role of phenolic compounds in oxidative stress within winter triticale caused by sitobion avenae and oulema melanopus. it was found, that infe ... | 2017 | 28778044 |
| coexistence in space and time of sexual and asexual populations of the cereal aphid sitobion avenae. | aphids typically reproduce by cyclical parthenogenesis, with a single sexual generation alternating with numerous asexual generations each year. however, some species exhibit different life cycle variants with various degrees of investment in sexuality. we tested the hypothesis that these life cycle variants are selected in space and time by climatic factors, mainly winter severity, due to an ecological link between sexual reproduction and the production of a cold-resistant form, the egg. more t ... | 2001 | 24549907 |
| life-history trait plasticity and its relationships with plant adaptation and insect fitness: a case study on the aphid sitobion avenae. | phenotypic plasticity has recently been considered a powerful means of adaptation, but its relationships with corresponding life-history characters and plant specialization levels of insects have been controversial. to address the issues, sitobion avenae clones from three plants in two areas were compared. varying amounts of life-history trait plasticity were found among s. avenae clones on barley, oat and wheat. in most cases, developmental durations and their corresponding plasticities were fo ... | 2016 | 27426961 |
| suppressing a peroxidase gene reduces survival in the wheat aphid sitobion avenae. | peroxidases (poxs) make up a large superfamily of enzymes that act in a wide range of biological mechanisms, including maintaining appropriate redox balances within cells, among other actions. in this study, we cloned a sequence that encodes a pox protein, sapox, from wheat aphids, sitobion avenae. amino acid sequence alignment showed the sapox sequence was conserved with poxs from other insect species. sapox mrna accumulations were present in all nymphal and adult stages, at higher levels durin ... | 2016 | 27406683 |
| response of insect relative growth rate to temperature and host-plant phenology: estimation and validation from field data. | between 1975 to 2011, aphid relative growth rates (rgr) were modelled as a function of mean outdoor temperature and host plant phenology. the model was applied to the grain aphid sitobion avenae using data on aphid counts in winter wheat at two different climate regions in france (oceanic climate, rennes (western france); continental climate, paris). mean observed aphid rgr was higher in paris compared to the rennes region. rgr increased with mean temperature, which is explained by aphid reprodu ... | 2014 | 24466259 |
| night warming on hot days produces novel impacts on development, survival and reproduction in a small arthropod. | an asymmetric increase in night-time temperatures (nts) on hot days is one of the main features of global climate change. but the biological effects of an increased night-time temperature combined with high daytime temperature are unclear. we used six thermal regimens to simulate nts on hot days and investigated the effects of night warming on life-history traits of the english grain aphid sitobion avenae. experimental temperatures fluctuated in continuous diurnal cycles, increasing from 27 °c t ... | 2014 | 24372332 |
| a spatiotemporal model for predicting grain aphid population dynamics and optimizing insecticide sprays at the scale of continental france. | we expose here a detailed spatially explicit model of aphid population dynamics at the scale of a whole country (metropolitan france). it is based on convection-diffusion-reaction equations, driven by abiotic and biotic factors. the target species is the grain aphid, sitobion avenae f., considering both its winged and apterous morphs. in this preliminary work, simulations for year 2004 (an outbreak case) produced realistic aphid densities, and showed that both spatial and temporal s. avenae popu ... | 2014 | 24271722 |
| differential performance of sitobion avenae populations from both sides of the qinling mountains under common garden conditions. | sitobion avenae (f.) is a cosmopolitan cereal pest, but geographic barriers like the qinling mountains in the shaanxi province of china may lead to isolation among its populations, thus causing allopatric speciation. we sampled s. avenae populations from areas north (mean annual temperature, ≍9°c) and south (mean annual temperature, ≍14°c) of the qinling mountains, and tested them at 20°c in common garden experiments. the results showed that northern populations had reduced developmental time fo ... | 2013 | 24246739 |
| fitness traits and underlying genetic variation related to host plant specialization in the aphid sitobion avenae. | sitobion avenae (f.) is an important cereal pest worldwide that can survive on various plants in the poaceae, but divergent selection on different host plants should promote the evolution of specialized genotypes or host races. in order to evaluate their resource use strategies, clones of s. avenae were collected from oat and barley. host-transfer experiments for these clones were conducted in the laboratory to compare their fitness traits. our results demonstrated that barley clones had signifi ... | 2014 | 24243773 |
| a mutation (l1014f) in the voltage-gated sodium channel of the grain aphid, sitobion avenae, is associated with resistance to pyrethroid insecticides. | the grain aphid, sitobion avenae fabricius (hemiptera: aphididae), is an important pest of cereal crops. pesticides are the main method for control but carry the risk of selecting for resistance. in response to reports of reduced efficacy of pyrethroid sprays applied to s. avenae, field samples were collected and screened for mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel, the primary target site for pyrethroids. aphid mobility and mortality to lambda-cyhalothrin were measured in coated glass via ... | 2014 | 24227679 |
| identifying potential rnai targets in grain aphid (sitobion avenae f.) based on transcriptome profiling of its alimentary canal after feeding on wheat plants. | the grain aphid (sitobion avenae f.) is a major agricultural pest which causes significant yield losses of wheat in china, europe and north america annually. transcriptome profiling of the grain aphid alimentary canal after feeding on wheat plants could provide comprehensive gene expression information involved in feeding, ingestion and digestion. furthermore, selection of aphid-specific rnai target genes would be essential for utilizing a plant-mediated rnai strategy to control aphids via a non ... | 2013 | 23957588 |
| jasmonate- and salicylate-induced defenses in wheat affect host preference and probing behavior but not performance of the grain aphid, sitobion avenae. | jasmonate- and salicylate-mediated signaling pathways play significant roles in induced plant defenses, but there is no sufficient evidence for their roles in monocots against aphids. we exogenously applied methyl jasmonate (meja) and salicylic acid (sa) on wheat seedlings and examined biochemical responses in wheat and effects on the grain aphid, sitobion avenae (fab.). application of meja significantly increased levels of wheat's polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase and proteinase inhibitor 1, 2 and ... | 2014 | 23956152 |
| response of wheat germplasm to infestation of english grain aphid (hemiptera: aphididae). | the english grain aphid, sitobion avenae (f.), is a destructive insect pest of wheat. in this study, wheat germplasm was evaluated for resistance and tolerance to english grain aphid infestation. except for spikelet number/spike, the 1,000-kernel weight, spike weight, grain weight/ spike, and sterile spikelet number/spike of infested plants were all significantly impacted by english grain aphid infestation. of 292 wheat accessions, only one genotype showed english grain aphid high resistance, an ... | 2013 | 23865216 |
| differential performance of sitobion avenae (hemiptera: aphididae) clones from wheat and barley with implications for its management through alternative cultural practices. | cultural control measures should play an important role in cereal aphid management on wheat and barley. planting barley in fields adjacent to those of wheat and intercropping wheat with barley are cultural practices that might suppress the cosmopolitan cereal pest sitobion avenae (f.). to evaluate the potential effects of these cultural measures on aphid outbreak risks, clones of s. avenae were collected from wheat and barley. host-switch experiments for the collected clones were conducted in th ... | 2013 | 23865194 |
| the effects of enhanced ultraviolet-b radiation on the biology of green and brown morphs of sitobion avenae (hemiptera: aphididae). | the effects of enhanced uv-b radiation on the biology of green and brown morphs of sitobion avenae (f.) (hemiptera: aphididae) were tested under laboratory conditions. the two s. avenae morphs were exposed directly to different doses (0, 216, 432, and 864 kj/m(2)) of artificial uv-b. under low doses of uv-b (216 kj/m(2)), the nymphal development period was significantly shorter, whereas mean relative growth, total fecundity, and gross reproductive rate were significantly higher for both aphid mo ... | 2013 | 23726068 |
| sub-lethal effects of four neonicotinoid seed treatments on the demography and feeding behaviour of the wheat aphid sitobion avenae. | neonicotinoids are widely used as seed treatments in wheat fields against the grain aphid (sitobion avenae f.) in china. due to the degradation of neonicotinoids in wheat plants, wheat aphids are more likely to be exposed to low concentrations of neonicotinoids over long periods. it is therefore expected that neonicotinoids, aside from acute (lethal) effects, may also cause a range of sub-lethal effects on this pest. | 2014 | 23457039 |
| evaluation of extraction procedures for 2-de analysis of aphid proteins. | protein sample preparation is a crucial step in a 2-de proteomics approach. in order to establish a routine protocol for the application of proteomics analysis to aphids, this study focuses on the specific protein extraction problems in insect tissues and evaluates four methods to bypass them. the approaches of phenol extraction methanol/ammonium acetate precipitation (pa), tca/acetone precipitation, peg precipitation, and no precipitation were evaluated for proteins isolation and purification f ... | 2013 | 23319159 |
| antimetabolic effect of phytohemagglutinin to the grain aphid sitobion avenae fabricius. | the insecticidal activity of plant lectins against a wide range of insect species have been intensively studied. understanding the mechanism of the toxicity of lectins is one of the studied aspects. in the present research, the first step was determine the effect of phytohemagglutinin (pha) on the development, fecundity and mortality of grain aphid. next, the effect of pha lectin on the activity of such enzymes as: α- and β-glucosidases, alkaline (akp) and acid (acp) phosphatases, aminopeptidase ... | 2012 | 22963915 |
| life table evaluation of survival and reproduction of the aphid, sitobion avenae, exposed to cadmium. | the effects of cadmium (cd) on the development, fecundity, and reproduction of the grain aphid, sitobion avenae fabricius (hemiptera: aphididae) were estimated by constructing a life table of s. avenae exposed to cd. the concentrations of cd in the soil were as follows: 0, 10, 20, 40, 80, and 160 mg/kg. the correlation analysis of the cd concentration in soil and wheat revealed that the amount in the wheat increased with the increase of cd concentrations in soil. the results indicated that, the ... | 2012 | 22958415 |
| climate warming may increase aphids' dropping probabilities in response to high temperatures. | dropping off is considered an anti-predator behavior for aphids since previous studies have shown that it reduces the risk of predation. however, little attention is paid to dropping behavior triggered by other external stresses such as daytime high temperatures which are predicted to become more frequent in the context of climate warming. here we defined a new parameter, drop-off temperature (dot), to describe the critical temperature at which an aphid drops off its host plant when the ambient ... | 2012 | 22940260 |
| farming practices change food web structures in cereal aphid-parasitoid-hyperparasitoid communities. | agricultural intensification has been shown to result in a decline in biodiversity across many taxa, but the changes in community structure and species interactions remain little understood. we have analysed and compared the structure of feeding interactions for cereal aphids and their primary and secondary parasitoids in organically and conventionally managed winter wheat fields using quantitative food web metrics (interaction evenness, generality, vulnerability, link density). despite little v ... | 2013 | 22736196 |
| effects of cycloxaprid, a novel cis-nitromethylene neonicotinoid insecticide, on the feeding behaviour of sitobion avenae. | cycloxaprid with cis-configuration is a novel neonicotinoid insecticide, developed in china, that has good industrialisation prospects for its high activity against imidacloprid-resistant pests. studies were carried out to investigate the biological activity of cycloxaprid and its effect on the feeding behaviour of sitobion avenae. | 2012 | 22707457 |
| fluorescence competition assay for the assessment of green leaf volatiles and trans-β-farnesene bound to three odorant-binding proteins in the wheat aphid sitobion avenae (fabricius). | odorant-binding proteins (obps) are important parts of insect olfactory systems, and sensitive olfaction is vital for phytophagous insects in host foraging. electrophysiological studies are helpful in understanding olfactory sensing in sitobion avenae (hemiptera: aphididae), but the functions of odorant-binding proteins in this insect are poorly understood. in this study, we used fluorescence competition assays to measure the binding specificities of saveobps. the results showed that both saveob ... | 2012 | 22306433 |
| influence of catalase gene silencing on the survivability of sitobion avenae. | reactive oxygen species (ros), such as superoxide anions and hydrogen peroxide produced in cell metabolism, result in the disruption of cellular function and structure. catalase (cat), an enzyme which exists in almost all organisms including plants, invertebrates and vertebrates, acts in scavenging ros. in this study, a sequence fragment encoding a cat-like protein from wheat aphids ( sitobion avenae) was cloned. amino acid sequence alignment showed this cat shared relatively high conservation w ... | 2014 | 24719312 |
| secretome of fungus-infected aphids documents high pathogen activity and weak host response. | the discovery of novel secretome proteins can add to our understanding of host-pathogen interactions. here we report a rich diversity of secreted proteins from the interaction between grain aphids (host, insect order hemiptera) and fungi of the order entomophthorales (insect pathogens). the proteins were identified using a unique method unbiased by known sequences or functions to screen a cdna library constructed directly from field-sampled material. we show for the first time that fungi from th ... | 2011 | 21156213 |
| host-plant genotypic diversity and community genetic interactions mediate aphid spatial distribution. | genetic variation in plants can influence the community structure of associated species, through both direct and indirect interactions. herbivorous insects are known to feed on a restricted range of plants, and herbivore preference and performance can vary among host plants within a species due to genetically based traits of the plant (e.g., defensive compounds). in a natural system, we expect to find genetic variation within both plant and herbivore communities and we expect this variation to i ... | 2014 | 24558568 |
| the impact of elevated co2 on plant-herbivore interactions: experimental evidence of moderating effects at the community level. | surprisingly little research has been published on the responses to elevated [co2] at the community level, where herbivores can select their preferred food. we investigated the combined effects of atmospheric [co2] and herbivory on synthesised plant communities growing on soils of different fertility. factorial combinations of two [co2] (350 or 700 [formula: see text]l l-1), two fertility (fertilised or non-fertilised), and two herbivory (herbivores present or absent) treatments were applied to ... | 1998 | 28308484 |
| electrophoretic study of enzymes from cereal aphid populations : 4. detection of hidden genetic variation within populations of the grain aphid sitobion avenae (f.) (hemiptera: aphididae). | a study of variation in three peptidases (pep-3 to -5) in a parthenogenetic s. avenae field population at rothamsted using serial one-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (involving changes of gel concentration and electrophoretic run-time) increased the overall number of "allozymes" (mobility variants) detected from 10 under standard conditions (6% gels, 2 h run-time) to 22, as well as revealing putative heterozygous banding patterns under some test conditions. however, an examination ... | 1985 | 24253012 |