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non-tuberculous mycobacteria in south african wildlife: neglected pathogens and potential impediments for bovine tuberculosis diagnosis.non-tuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) are not only emerging and opportunistic pathogens of both humans and animals, but from a veterinary point of view some species induce cross-reactive immune responses that hamper the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis (btb) in both livestock and wildlife. little information is available about ntm species circulating in wildlife species of south africa. in this study, we determined the diversity of ntm isolated from wildlife species from south africa as well as bot ...201728194371
transcriptional response of respiratory epithelium to nontuberculous mycobacteria.the incidence of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial (pntm) disease is increasing, but host responses in respiratory epithelium infected with ntm are not fully understood.201728915071
molecular detection of mycobacterium avium avium and mycobacterium genavense in feces of free-living scarlet macaw ( ara macao) in costa rica.we conducted a study of the two main populations of free-living scarlet macaws ( ara macao) in costa rica to detect the causal agents of avian tuberculosis using noninvasive techniques. we analyzed 83 fecal samples collected between february and may 2016 from the central and southern pacific areas in the country. using pcr, we first amplified the 16s region of the rrna, common to all mycobacterium species. products from the insertion sequence is901 and from a 155-base pair (bp) dna fragment evid ...201729286261
characterization and differentiation of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis from other mycobacteria using matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry.mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map), the causative agent of johne's disease in cattle, is responsible for significant economic losses to the us dairy industry. the pathogen has also been associated with chronic human diseases like crohn's disease, type 1 diabetes and multiple sclerosis. determining causation requires rapid characterization and source tracking the pathogen. here, we used matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (maldi-tof) mass spectrometry to char ...201728713782
mycobacterial infections in rabbits: from the wild to the laboratory.tuberculous mycobacterial diseases such as leprosy and tuberculosis are ancient diseases that currently continue threatening human health in some countries. non-tuberculous mycobacterial (ntm) infections cause a series of well-defined pathological entities, as well as some opportunistic diseases that have also increased worldwide, being more common among immunocompromised patients but rising also in immunocompetent individuals. reports on natural infections by mycobacteria in rabbits are scarce ...201626799551
molecular analysis and miru-vntr typing of mycobacterium avium subsp. avium, 'hominissuis' and silvaticum strains of veterinary origin.besides mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map), m. avium subsp. avium (maa), m. avium subsp. silvaticum (mas), and 'm. avium subsp. hominissuis' (mah) are equally important members of m. avium complex, with worldwide distribution and zoonotic potential. genotypic discrimination is a prerequisite to epidemiological studies which can facilitate disease prevention through revealing infection sources and transmission routes. the primary aim of this study was to identify the genetic divers ...201626964909
presence of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in alpacas (lama pacos) inhabiting the chilean altiplano.mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) is the etiologic agent of paratuberculosis. the organism causes disease in both domestically managed and wild ruminant species. south american camelids have a long, shared history with indigenous people in the andes. over the last few decades, increasing numbers of alpacas were exported to numerous countries outside south america. no paratuberculosis surveillance has been reported for these source herds. in this study, individual fecal samples fr ...201627010259
drug susceptibility testing of mycobacterium avium subsp. avium isolates from naturally infected domestic pigeons to avian tuberculosis.avian tuberculosis is one of the most important infections affecting most species of birds. several mycobacterial species have been identified causing avian tuberculosis, and the organisms confirmed most frequently are mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium genavense. any species of birds can be infected with m. avium. generally, domesticated fowl or captive wild birds are affected more frequently than those living in the wild. m. avium can not only infect all species of birds, but can also infec ...201628043565
avian mycobacteriosis caused by mycobacterium avium subspecies avium in four ornamental birds and in vitro drug sensitivity testing of isolates.avian tuberculosis, one of the most important diseases affecting various species of birds, is most often caused by mycobacterium (m.) avium. this report describes cases of m. avium subsp. avium (maa) infection in a white-crested holland dwarf rooster, a male and a female golden pheasant and a male peacock. we also investigated the prevalence of mycobacteria in 60 other birds and 40 alpacas. tissue samples of necropsied birds were cultured for mycobacteria. from non-necropsied 60 other birds and ...201626904899
genotyping of mycobacterium avium subsp. avium isolates from naturally infected lofts of domestic pigeons in ahvaz by is901 rflp.avian tuberculosis is one of the most important infections affecting most species of birds. mycobacterium avium can not only infect all species of birds, but also infect some domesticated mammals. the most crucial aspect of control and eradication scheme is identification of infection sources and transmission routs. molecular techniques such as restriction fragment length polymorphism and pulse field gel electrophoresis have been shown to be much more discriminatory and suitable for use in the e ...201526719782
disseminated mycobacteriosis manifesting as paraplegia in two parma wallabies (macropus parma) naturally exposed to mycobacterium avium.two captive female parma wallabies (macropus parma) died after a history of flaccid paraplegia. on postmortem examination, granulomatous and suppurative osteomyelitis involving the left ischium and the lumbosacral region, with meningeal extension at the cauda equina, and caseonecrotic mastitis were the most significant changes. multiple small nodules in the liver and spleen, and an enlargement of some lymph nodes with central caseous necrosis were also observed. microscopically, a disseminated g ...201526450834
multidrug therapy of mycobacterium avium subsp. avium infection in experimentally inoculated budgerigars (melopsittacus undulatus).the aim of the study was to determine whether the four-month experimental therapy of mycobacteriosis in budgerigars may cause a complete recovery. a group of nine budgerigars was infected with a mycobacterium avium subsp. avium isolate with proven pathogenicity for budgerigars. five weeks post-inoculation, multidrug therapy was started. another group comprising six birds received the same treatment but no infection, and the third group also comprising six birds was kept without infection or trea ...201526364975
mucocutaneous inflammatory pseudotumours in simultaneous mycobacterium avium subsp. avium and mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis infection in a cat.mycobacterial spindle cell 'pseudotumour' has been described only once in cats. this unique proliferation of spindle-shaped histiocytes containing mycobacterium avium is associated with extensive subcutaneous lesions. we report mycobacterial pseudotumour with invasion of muscular and subcutaneous tissues in a 1-year-old female domestic longhair cat. lesions involved the facial muscles and nasal cavity, making surgical excision impossible. necropsy examination revealed additional nodules in the s ...201526292770
[production and evaluation of a purified protein derivative from an argentine strain of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis].purified protein derivatives (ppds) are non-defined antigens prepared from mycobacteria cultures. they are usually employed to evaluate the specific cellular immune response both in animals and humans. bovine and avian ppds are usually employed as antigens in mycobacterial infections such as tuberculosis and paratuberculosis. nevertheless, ppd from mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, (ppdj) is neither commonly used nor frequently available. however, ppd from mycobacterium avium subsp. a ...201523102462
detection of mycobacterium avium subspecies in the gut associated lymphoid tissue of slaughtered rabbits.rabbits are susceptible to infection by different species of the genus mycobacterium. particularly, development of specific lesions and isolation of mycobacterium avium subsp. avium and mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, both subspecies of the m. avium complex, has been reported in wildlife conditions. although, rabbit meat production worldwide is 200 million tons per year, microbiological data on this source of meat is lacking and more specifically reports of mycobacterial presence in ...201526063469
multifocal respiratory and vertebral mycobacteriosis in a red-tailed hawk (buteo jamaicensis).an adult, female, free-ranging red-tailed hawk (buteo jamaicensis) was presented to a rehabilitation facility for an inability to stand. on examination, it displayed bilateral exaggeration of the pelvic limb reflexes with extensor muscle rigidity, intact superficial pain response, and positive withdrawal reflexes. a complete blood count identified moderate leukocytosis characterized by moderate heterophilia. no abnormalities were appreciable on radiographic evaluation. after initial improvement, ...201525831590
molecular identification of mycobacterium avium subsp. silvaticum by duplex high-resolution melt analysis and subspecies-specific real-time pcr.accurate identification of mycobacterial species and subspecies is essential to evaluate their significance and to perform epidemiological studies. the subspecies of mycobacterium avium have different attributes but coincide in their zoonotic potential. our knowledge about m. avium subsp. silvaticum is limited, since its identification is uncertain. mycobacterium avium subsp. avium and m. avium subsp. silvaticum can be discriminated from each other based only on phenotypic characteristics, as th ...201525740770
genetic characterization of german mycobacterium avium strains isolated from different hosts and specimens by multilocus sequence typing.infections caused by mycobacterium avium and its subspecies are reported as emerging disease in many countries worldwide. in our study we applied the multilocus sequence typing technology to 98 german m. avium strains originating from different hosts and specimens to examine the degree of the genetic diversity. by mlst, 80% of strains were identified as subspecies 'm. avium hominissuis', and 20% as subspecies m. avium avium/m. avium silvaticum. distinctly different mlst profiles were identified ...201425091874
characterization of a mycobacterium avium subsp. avium operon associated with virulence and drug detoxification.the lprg-p55 operon of mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium bovis is involved in the transport of toxic compounds. p55 is an efflux pump that provides resistance to several drugs, while lprg is a lipoprotein that modulates the host's immune response against mycobacteria. the knockout mutation of this operon severely reduces the replication of both mycobacterial species during infection in mice and increases susceptibility to toxic compounds. in order to gain insight into the function of ...201424967408
intracellular growth of mycobacterium avium subspecies and global transcriptional responses in human macrophages after infection.mycobacterium avium subsp. avium (maa) and m. avium subsp. hominissuis (mah) are environmental mycobacteria and significant opportunistic pathogens. mycobacterium avium infections in humans and pigs are mainly due to mah. it is not known whether this is caused by a difference in virulence or difference in exposure to the two subspecies. the aim of the present study was to investigate the ability of the m. avium subspecies to replicate intracellularly and to characterise the gene expression progr ...201424450835
mycobacterium avium subsp. avium in lymph nodes and diaphragms of pigs from one infected herd in the czech republic.this study was performed on 40 finished pigs from one herd naturally infected with mycobacterium avium subsp. avium. the aim was to investigate the presence and amount of m. a. avium in samples of lymph nodes and diaphragm tissues collected during routine postmortem inspection using the triplex quantitative real time pcr (qpcr) method. we collected, in total, 107 samples: various lymph nodes affected by gross tuberculosis (tb)-like lesions from 17 pig carcasses, as well as samples of head and me ...201424406012
experimental inoculation of bfdv-positive budgerigars (melopsittacus undulatus) with two mycobacterium avium subsp. avium isolates.beak and feather disease virus- (bfdv-) positive (naturally infected) but clinically healthy budgerigars (melopsittacus undulatus) were inoculated with two isolates of mycobacterium avium subsp. avium isolated from naturally infected golden pheasant (chrysolophus pictus) and peafowl (pavo cristatus). during a period of more than two months after inoculation, samples of cloacal and crop swabs, faeces, and blood were obtained for bfdv and mycobacterium avium testing with pcr. birds were euthanized ...201424738057
mycobacterium avium subsp. avium and mycobacterium neoaurum detection in an immunocompromised patient.non-tuberculous mycobacteria are increasingly described as infectious agents in immunocompromised patients. a 17-year-old male patient suffering from secondary non-hodgkin's lymphoma and treated with chemotherapeutic agents was admitted to hospital due to pleuropneumonia. mycobacterium neoaurum was cultured repeatedly from his sputum and, mycobacterium avium subsp. avium (m. a. avium) was detected by is901 qpcr from detached fragments of his intestinal mucosa. we attempted to determine the possi ...201423842543
analysis of sediments and plants from the system of five fishponds in the czech republic using culture and pcr methods.nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) are ubiquitous organisms that have been isolated from a variety of environmental sources. several ntm species are responsible for diseases in humans and/or animals known as mycobacterioses. the aim of this study was to determine the levels of ntm in the sediments and plants of five fish ponds in the czech republic using culture and quantitative real time pcr (qpcr). additionally, we investigated if there was any link between environmental samples from the fish p ...201424342091
mycobacterium avium subsp. avium infection in four veal calves: differentiation from intestinal tuberculosis.mycobacterium avium subsp. avium (maa) is an intracellular pathogen belonging to the mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (mac). reservoirs of mac are the natural environment, wildlife and domestic animals. in adult bovine, mac infections are typically caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map). maa infections in bovine are rarely reported but may cause clinical disease and pathological lesions similar to those observed in paratuberculosis or those induced by members of th ...201424689051
mycobacteriosis outbreak caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. avium detected through meat inspection in five porcine fattening farms. 201424336794
evaluation of multidrug therapy with azithromycin, rifampin, and ethambutol for the treatment of mycobacterium avium subsp avium in ring-neck doves (streptopelia risoria): an uncontrolled clinical study.an uncontrolled clinical study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a multidrug protocol in 16 ring-neck doves ( streptopelia risoria ) from a flock naturally infected with mycobacterium avium subsp avium. the doves were considered infected on the basis of a high prevalence of infection in a group of 29 birds that were euthanatized from the same flock and clinical signs and pathologic results consistent with infection in the remaining birds. all birds were treated with azithromycin (43 mg/k ...201425843465
novel feature of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, highlighted by characterization of the heparin-binding hemagglutinin adhesin.mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis comprises two genotypically defined groups, known as the cattle (c) and sheep (s) groups. recent studies have reported phenotypic differences between m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis groups c and s, including growth rates, infectivity for macrophages, and iron metabolism. in this study, we investigated the genotypes and biological properties of the virulence factor heparin-binding hemagglutinin adhesin (hbha) for both groups. in mycobacterium tuberculo ...201323974028
mannosylated lipoarabinomannans from mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis alters the inflammatory response by bovine macrophages and suppresses killing of mycobacterium avium subsp. avium organisms.analysis of the mechanisms through which pathogenic mycobacteria interfere with macrophage activation and phagosome maturation have shown that engagement of specific membrane receptors with bacterial ligands is the initiating event. mannosylated lipoarabinomannan (man-lam) has been identified as one of the ligands that modulates macrophage function. we evaluated the effects of man-lam derived from mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) on bovine macrophages. man-lam induced a rapid an ...201324098744
mycobacterium avium subsp. avium found in raptors exposed to infected domestic fowl.we report a case of a falcon breeding facility, where raptors (both diurnal and nocturnal) were raised in contact with domestic fowl (gallus gallus f. domesticus) infected by mycobacterium avium subsp. avium. fecal and environmental samples from 20 raptors and four common ravens (corvus corax) were collected. mycobacterium a. avium dna was detected in feces of four raptors (bald eagle [haliaeetus leucocephalus], eagle owl [bubo bubo], barn owl [tyto alba], and little owl [athene noctua]) using t ...201324283140
disseminated avian mycobacteriosis in a free-living grey heron (ardea cinerea).wild birds share with humans the capacity for moving fast over large distances. during migratory movements, birds carry pathogens that can be transmitted between species. one of these concerning pathogens is mycobacterium spp. a necropsy was performed in a grey heron (ardea cinerea) that had been medically treated for a polyarthritic process. grossly, firm white-yellowish nodules of various size, resembling granulomas, were observed in right carpal joint, both patellar joints, neck musculature, ...201324283143
comparison of four different culture media for growth of mycobacterium avium subsp. avium isolated from naturally infected lofts of domestic pigeons.diagnosis of avian tuberculosis by conventional culture method is still considered as the "gold standard" technique. the main objective of this study was to compare growth of mycobacterium avium subsp. avium on four specific mycobacterial cultures such as glycerinated lowenstein-jensen medium, pyruvate-enriched lowenstein-jensen medium, mycobactin j-supplemented herrold-egg yolk medium and plain herrold-egg yolk medium.201325848508
genetic is901 rflp diversity among mycobacterium avium subsp. avium isolates from four pheasant flocks.is901 rflp analysis of 36 mycobacterium avium subsp. avium (maa) isolates from 15 pheasants (phasianus colchicus) and two goshawks (accipiter gentilis) from four pheasant farms was performed. using this method, six different is901 rflp types (e, f, g, m, q, and v) were identified. the distribution of is901 rflp profiles was tightly linked to individual flocks. matching is901 rflp profiles observed in the present study indicate maa transmission between pheasants and goshawks in the same locality. ...201323388436
coexistence of granulomatous enteric inflammation and neoplasia in an adult sheep.a 7-year-old dairy sheep suffering from chronic loss of weight without diarrhea or anorexia was euthanized after failing to respond to any treatment (antibiotic and antiparasitic). the main findings at the necropsy of this animal were multifocal miliary nodules in several organs, mainly in the peyer's patches of the small intestine, and a segmental thickening of the jejunal wall. histologic examination of the samples taken at the necropsy showed a multifocal chronic granulomatous inflammation, w ...201323456963
serum protein profiles in domestic pigeons naturally infected with mycobacterium avium subsp. avium.avian tuberculosis is an important disease affecting all species of birds and is most often caused by mycobacterium avium or mycobacterium genavense. blood proteins are important diagnostic constituents in gastrointestinal, hepatic, renal, and infectious diseases.201323577895
infection due to mycobacterium avium subsp. avium in a free-ranging common seal (phoca vitulina) in scotland.we describe the first reported case of mycobacterial infection in a free-ranging pinniped in the northern hemisphere. acid-fast bacteria were demonstrated histologically in the liver of an adult female common seal (phoca vitulina), and mycobacterium avium subsp. avium was cultured from the liver.201323778632
different immune response of pigs to mycobacterium avium subsp. avium and mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis infection.mycobacterium avium subsp. avium (maa) and mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis (mah) are the most common mycobacterial species isolated from granulomatous lesions in swine in countries with controlled bovine tuberculosis. this study is focused on the immunological aspect of maa and mah infection in pigs. we detected induction of humoral and cell-mediated immunity in experimentally infected pigs. specific antibodies were analyzed in serum by elisa and the ifn-γ release assay was used for evalu ...201222520833
mycobacterium avium subsp. avium and subsp. hominissuis give different cytokine responses after in vitro stimulation of human blood mononuclear cells.mycobacterium avium is the principal etiologic agent of non-tuberculous lymphadenitis in children. it is also a known pathogen for birds and other animals. genetic typing of m. avium isolates has led to a proposal to expand the set of subspecies to include m. avium subsp. hominissuis. isolates associated with disease in humans belong to this subspecies.201222506018
usability of a gamma interferon release assay in the diagnosis of naturally infected pigs with mycobacterium avium subspecies hominissuis.in the current study, the results of an intradermal tuberculin test and a gamma interferon (ifn-γ) release assay were compared. ifn-γ release assay is based on the detection of ifn-γ production after in vitro stimulation with mycobacterium avium subsp. avium-specific antigen for the discrimination of pigs naturally infected with m. avium subsp. hominissuis. fifty-five clinically healthy pigs were used in the study. three of these were proven by culture and real-time quantitative polymerase chain ...201222362535
production and proteomic characterisation of purified protein derivative from mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis.effective diagnosis of johne's disease (jd), particularly at the stage of early subclinical infection, remains one of the greatest challenges for the control of jd worldwide. the ifn-γ test of cell mediated immunity is currently one of the most suitable diagnostics for subclinical infections, however a major limitation of this test is the lack of a standardised purified protein derivative (ppd) antigen (also referred to as johnin ppd or ppdj). while attempting to replace ppdj with more specific ...201222443541
pathology of mycobacteriosis in birds. 201222244112
a comparative study of mycobacterium avium subsp. avium and mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis in experimentally infected pigs.mycobacterium avium subsp. avium (maa) and mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis (mah) are opportunistic pathogens that may infect several species, including humans and pigs. mah is however more frequently isolated from pigs than maa, and it is unclear if this is due to difference in virulence or in exposure to the two organisms. clinical isolates of each subspecies were administered perorally to ten domestic pigs, respectively. the animals were sacrificed at six and 12 weeks after inoculation. ...201222284630
comparison of chlorine dioxide and dichloroisocyanurate disinfectants for use in the dental setting.the aim of this study was to compare the antimicrobial properties of a slow release noncorrosive chlorine dioxide with those of sodium dichloroisocyanurate to establish their possible use in the dental settings.201223951794
effect of lipoarabinomannan from mycobacterium avium subsp avium in freund's incomplete adjuvant on the immune response of cattle.the aim of the present study was to determine whether lipoarabinomannan (lam), in combination with freund's incomplete adjuvant (fia), was able to improve cell-mediated and antibody-mediated immune responses against ovalbumin (ova) in cattle. twenty-three calves were assigned to four treatment groups, which were subcutaneously immunized with either ova plus fia, ova plus fia and lam from mycobacterium avium subsp avium, fia plus lam, or fia alone. lymphoproliferation, ifn-γ production and cell s ...201222286534
real-time quantitative pcr detection of mycobacterium avium subspecies in meat products.the aim of this work was to examine various purchased meat products and to find out if any traces of mycobacterium avium subsp. avium, m. avium subsp. hominissuis, and m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis could be detected in these samples. analysis of the meat products (raw, cooked, and fermented) was performed using a real-time quantitative pcr (qpcr) method for the detection of specific insertion sequences: duplex qpcr for the detection of is900 specific for m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis, and ...201121477480
cell-mediated immune response in swine infected with mycobacterium avium subsp. avium.the zoonotic characteristic of mycobacterium avium subsp. avium (maa) represents a veterinary and economic problem in infected pigs. in this study, we analysed cell-mediated immunity six months after experimental infection by measuring interferon-γ (ifn-γ) production and by performing lymphocyte transformation tests after in vitro re-stimulation with the maa-derived antigen. at the same time, ifn-γ-producing cells were characterised by flow cytometry. in maa-infected animals, the production of i ...201121592586
mycobacterium avium subsp. avium and salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium var. copenhagen phage type dt2 in pigeons.abstract we report on a coinfection of mycobacterium avium subsp. avium and salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium var. copenhagen phage type dt2 in pigeons from one flock, from which squabs were occasionally consumed by humans. triplex quantitative real-time pcr and culture methods were used for m. a. avium detection in livers and culture method was used for the detection of salmonella sp. in samples of liver and caecum of 33 examined birds. m. a. avium was detected in a total of 31 (93.9%) a ...201121612426
outbreak of mycobacterium avium subsp. avium infection in one flock of domestic pigeons.an outbreak of mycobacterium avium subsp. avium infection was diagnosed in one breed of domestic pigeons (columba livia f. domestica) in the czech republic. nodular granulomatous lesions were found in 42 (9.7%) pigeons of the 435 examined; histopathologic examination of livers with gross lesions of mycobacteriosis from 15 randomly selected pigeons revealed granulomatous inflammation typical for avian mycobacteriosis in all samples. direct ziehl-neelsen (zn) microscopy and conventional culture we ...201122017056
disseminated infection due to mycobacterium avium subsp. avium in an asian elephant (elephas maximus).a disseminated infection caused by mycobacterium avium subspecies avium (maa) was diagnosed in a 57-yr-old male asian elephant (elephas maximus) housed at the seoul zoo, gyeonggi, republic of korea. an apparent granulomatous inflammation with central caseous necrosis was evident in the lung sections. to confirm mycobacterial infection, polymerase chain reaction-restriction enzyme polymorphism analysis (pcr-rflp) of the rpob and hsp65 genes was performed from multiple organs and cultured bacteria ...201122204075
experimental infection of eurasian wild boar with mycobacterium avium subsp. avium.the eurasian wild boar (sus scrofa) is increasingly relevant as a host for several pathogenic mycobacteria. we aimed to characterize the first experimental mycobacterium avium subsp. avium (maa) infection in wild boar in order to describe the lesions and the immune response as compared to uninfected controls. twelve 1-4-month-old wild boar piglets were housed in class iii bio-containment facilities. four concentrations of maa suspension were used: 10, 10(2) and 10(4) mycobacteria (2 animals each ...201020116184
distribution of mycobacterium avium subsp. avium and m. a. hominissuis in artificially infected pigs studied by culture and is901 and is1245 quantitative real time pcr.mycobacterium avium subsp. avium (maa) and m. a. hominissuis (mah) belong to the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) and are frequently associated with diseases in animals and humans. the aim of this study was to develop a system for rapid and accurate real time quantitative pcr (qpcr) identification and quantification of maa and mah. this study included 22 per os infected pigs, of which 10 were infected with maa, 10 with mah and 2 were present as a negative control group. from each animal, 21 dif ...201020227841
virulence-related mycobacterium avium subsp hominissuis mav_2928 gene is associated with vacuole remodeling in macrophages.mycobacterium avium subsp hominissuis (previously mycobacterium avium subsp avium) is an environmental organism associated with opportunistic infections in humans. mycobacterium hominissuis infects and replicates within mononuclear phagocytes. previous study characterized an attenuated mutant in which the ppe gene (mav_2928) homologous to rv1787 was inactivated. this mutant, in contrast to the wild-type bacterium, was shown both to have impaired the ability to replicate within macrophages and to ...201020359357
[avian mycobacteriosis in humans remains a threat in the czech republic].the members of mycobacterium avium complex belong to the most common agents causing mycobacterioses in humans. they are classified as a potentially patogenic mycobacteria, although mycobacterium avium subsp. avium represent veterinary and economic risks in birds (mainly poultry) as well as mammals (pigs etc.). infected animals and their products (mainly eggs) often come from small household production and pose a risk for human health. the second member of this complex, mycobacterium avium subsp. ...201020401832
disseminated mycobacterium avium subsp. avium infection in a cat, the netherlands. 201020541336
miru-vntr typing of mycobacterium avium in animals and humans: heterogeneity of mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis versus homogeneity of mycobacterium avium subsp. avium strains.epidemiological studies on mycobacterium avium are requisite for revealing infection sources and disease transmission. they are based upon genotyping methods like rflp and miru-vntr. in our study, miru-vntr typing was applied to 121 previously rflp typed m. avium field isolates to compare the discriminatory power of both methods. the applicability of miru-vntr typing was studied for isolates from a limited geographic area, namely 41 m. avium subsp. avium and 80 m. avium subsp. hominissuis isolat ...201021047662
comparison of sampling methods, culture, acid-fast stain, and polymerase chain reaction assay for the diagnosis of mycobacteriosis in ring-neck doves (streptopelia risoria).even when different diagnostic modalities are available, mycobacteriosis is difficult to diagnose in a live bird. to investigate the diagnostic value of sampling different tissues and using different diagnostic methods, we evaluated results of mycobacterial culture, ziehl-neelsen (zn) staining, and single-amplification polymerase chain reaction assay (pcr) of 18 ring-neck doves (streptopelia risoria) with confirmed natural infection with mycobacterium avium avium. results of testing liver biopsy ...201021302756
comparison of three immunological diagnostic tests for the detection of avian tuberculosis in naturally infected red deer (cervus elaphus).cases of tuberculosis due to mycobacterium avium subsp. avium in 52 adult red deer (cervus elaphus) from a farm were studied using different diagnostic techniques. immunological probes consisted of the comparative cervical tuberculin (cct) skin test, the interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) assay, and 2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) employing either avian purified protein derivatives or protoplasmatic antigen (ppa-3) as antigens. three of the animals were euthanized due to severe weakness, ...200919139508
mycobacterium avium-avium-associated typhlitis mimicking appendicitis in an immunocompetent host.mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (mac) primarily causes respiratory infection in patients with underlying lung disease or disseminated disease in immunocompromised patients. we report a unique case of mac disease in the terminal ileum of a healthy patient, mimicking appendicitis. this case emphasizes the need to further explore mac pathogenesis in immunocompetent hosts.200919204556
infection with mycobacterium avium subspecies avium in a 10 year old freiberger mare.in this case report a 10 year old freiberger mare with a mycobacterium avium subsp. avium infection is presented. this infection leads to a tuberculosis like disease with granulomatous alterations particularly of the intestines and lungs and is only sporadically reported in horses of central europe. diarrhoea, mastitis and neck stiffness as well as dyspnoea and chronic cough are more specific symptoms of the infection, while weight loss, weakness and lethargy are nonspecific signs. as these clin ...200919722133
what is your diagnosis? mycobacterium avium subsp avium. 200919999768
lipopentapeptide induces a strong host humoral response and distinguishes mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis from m. avium subsp. avium.many non-tuberculous mycobacteria synthesize abundant glycopeptidolipids (gpls). these surface-located gpls are involved in pathogenicity by interfering with the host immune system. in mycobacterium avium subsp. avium (mav), gpls consist of a lipopeptide core composed of a tetrapeptide o-linked to mono- and oligo-saccharides. the biosynthesis pathway of the simplest gpls is now relatively well understood and involves probably more than fifteen genes. whereas it is very obvious that most, if not ...200818068277
experimental infection of budgerigars (melopsittacus undulatus) with five mycobacterium species.the aim of the present study was to determine the susceptibility of budgerigars (melopsittacus undulatus) to infections with different mycobacterium species. for inoculations the following mycobacterium species were used: mycobacterium avium subsp. avium, mycobacterium bovis subsp. bovis, mycobacterium tuberculosis subsp. tuberculosis, mycobacterium intracellulare and m. fortuitum subsp. fortuitum. the bacterial suspension was administrated intramuscularly and all the birds were monitored for 70 ...200818202951
genetic resistance of mice to mycobacterium paratuberculosis is influenced by slc11a1 at the early but not at the late stage of infection.we have recently described the development of a luminescent mycobacterium paratuberculosis strain of bovine origin expressing the luxab genes of vibrio harveyi. with this luminescent isolate, fastidious and costly enumeration of cfu by plating them on agar can be replaced by easy and rapid luminometry. here, we have reevaluated the effect of slc11a1 (formerly nramp1) polymorphism on susceptibility to m. paratuberculosis, using this luminometric method. a series of inbred mouse strains were infec ...200818285491
comparison of three dna extraction methods for mycobacterium bovis, mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium avium subsp. avium.to compare three methods for dna extraction from mycobacterium bovis, mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium avium subsp. avium.200818498320
mycobacteriosis in naturally infected ring-neck doves (streptopelia risoria): investigation of the association between feather colour and susceptibility to infection, disease and lesions type.prevalence of infection and disease, the degree of organ involvement and the nature of the lesions were investigated in 11 white and 18 non-white ring-neck doves coming from a flock naturally infected with mycobacterium avium subsp. avium. lesions were common in the liver, spleen, lung, kidney, intestines, ovary and bone marrow. overall, 18 out of 29 (62%) birds were considered infected with a sequevar of m. avium subsp. avium that contains serotypes 2, 3, 4 and 9. the prevalence of infection in ...200818622863
humoral response to mycobacterium avium subsp. avium in naturally infected ring-neck doves (streptopelia risoria).creation of a reliable and easy to use serologic test would greatly improve ante mortem diagnosis of mycobacterium avium subsp. avium and aid in the control of avian mycobacteriosis, particularly in captive birds. in order to determine whether serodiagnostics could be of value in testing ring-neck doves (streptopelia risoria) for m. a. avium infection, western blot analysis was used to assess the humoral response of ring-neck doves exposed to m. a. avium, and to evaluate whether an association c ...200818639937
molecular epidemiology of mycobacterium avium subsp. avium and mycobacterium intracellulare in captive birds.mycobacterium avium subsp. avium and mycobacterium intracellulare are primary causes of mycobacteriosis in captive birds throughout the world, but little is known about how they are transmitted. to define the local epidemiology of infection, we strain-typed 70 m. avium subsp. avium and 15 m. intracellulare culture isolates obtained over a 4-year period from captive birds. typing was performed using randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) pcr, amplified fragment length polymorphic (aflp) fragme ...200817689893
mycobacterium avium subsp. avium distribution studied in a naturally infected hen flock and in the environment by culture, serotyping and is901 rflp methods.mycobacterium avium subsp. avium (maa) of serotype 2 and genotype is901+ and is1245+ was cultured from 21 naturally infected hens (gallus domesticus) from one smallholder aviary. from a total of 330 samples taken from hens, 124 mycobacteria were detected. out of which maa was detected in 103 (35.7%) of 288 tissues, in 4 (19.0%) of 21 swabs of cloacae and in 9 (42.9%) of 21 faeces samples, 8 other conditionally pathogenic mycobacterial species were also isolated. tuberculous (tb) lesions were fou ...200817870256
bovine monocyte tlr2 receptors differentially regulate the intracellular fate of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and mycobacterium avium subsp. avium.pathogenic mycobacterial organisms have the capacity to inhibit macrophage activation and phagosome maturation. although the mechanism is complex, several studies have incriminated signaling through tlr2 receptors with subsequent activation of the mapk pathway p38 (mapkp38) and overproduction of il-10 in the survival of pathogenic mycobacterial organisms. in the present study, we compared the response of bovine monocytes with infection by mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map), th ...200817913973
role of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in the differential response of bovine monocytes to mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and mycobacterium avium subsp. avium.we compared the kinetics of activation and antimicrobial activities of mapk-p38 and mapk-erk in bovine monocytes infected with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) and mycobacterium avium subsp. avium (maa). monocytes were incubated with map or maa organisms with or without a specific inhibitor of the mapk-p38 pathway (sb203580), and mapk phosphorylation and antimicrobial functions of monocytes were evaluated. at early time points mapk-p38 phosphorylation was greater in map-infected ...200718035573
gross and microscopic findings and investigation of the aetiopathogenesis of mycobacteriosis in a captive population of white-winged ducks (cairina scutulata).the white-winged duck (cairina scutulata) is critically endangered. breeding collections of this duck are established in the united kingdom and the usa. infection with mycobacterium avium avium serotype 1 is a major cause of mortality in the uk collection. in this study, the aetiopathogenesis of deaths occurring in the us collection was studied. all ducks (n=21) that died over a 21-month period were examined. mycobacteriosis was diagnosed in 20 ducks, killing 19 of them. multifocal to diffuse gr ...200717899467
new probes used for is1245 and is1311 restriction fragment length polymorphism of mycobacterium avium subsp. avium and mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis isolates of human and animal origin in norway.mycobacterium avium is an environmental mycobacterium that can be divided into the subspecies avium, hominissuis, paratuberculosis and silvaticum. some m. avium subspecies are opportunistic pathogens for animals and humans. they are ubiquitous in nature and can be isolated from natural sources of water, soil, plants and bedding material. isolates of m. avium originating from humans (n = 37), pigs (n = 51) and wild birds (n = 10) in norway were examined by is1245 and is1311 rflp using new and spe ...200717335590
extracellular atp is cytotoxic to mononuclear phagocytes but does not induce killing of intracellular mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis.mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is the etiologic agent of johne's disease, a chronic granulomatous enteritis in ruminants. atp has been reported to induce cell death of macrophages and killing of mycobacterium species in human and murine macrophages. in this study we investigated the short-term effect of atp on the viability of m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-infected bovine mononuclear phagocytes and the bacilli within them. addition of 5 mm atp to m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis- ...200717634511
avian tuberculosis in naturally infected captive water birds of the ardeideae and threskiornithidae families studied by serotyping, is901 rflp typing, and virulence for poultry.avian tuberculosis was detected in one flock of 38 water birds of the families ardeideae (n = 20) and threskiornithidae (n = 18). mycobacterium avium subsp. avium (maa, serotype 1, genotype is901+ and is1245+) was more often (p = 0.01) detected in tissue and/or faecal samples in 18 (90.0%) birds form the ardeideae family: little egret (egretta garzetta), buff-backed heron (bubulcus ibis), great white egret (egretta alba), and bittern (botaurus stellaris) in comparison to two (11.1%) birds from t ...200717056210
comparative evaluation of positive tests to mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in clinically healthy sheep and goats in south-west greece using molecular techniques, serology, and culture.mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) is the cause of paratuberculosis, which affects mainly ruminants although there is a growing concern about its possible implication in crohn's disease in humans especially in connection with environmental spread and risks to the food chain. retail cheese may represent a significant source of human exposure to map and the aim of this study was to assess map status in clinically healthy sheep and goats in greece, comparing techniques routinely used ...200717084095
granulomatous lesions in lymph nodes of slaughter pigs bacteriologically negative for mycobacterium avium subsp. avium and positive for rhodococcus equi.the prevalence of granulomatous lesions in lymph nodes of pigs was studied. from january till august 2004 in two slaughterhouses in the netherlands 2,116,536 pigs were examined for the presence of granulomatous lesions in the sub-maxillary lymph nodes. in 15,900 (0.75%) of these pigs, lesions could be detected. nine farms with the highest incidence of lesions were selected for a more detailed pathological and bacteriological examination. on these farms, the prevalence of lesions in sub-maxillary ...200717126501
disseminated mycobacterium avium subsp. avium infection in a pet korean squirrel (sciuris vulgaris coreae).a disseminated mycobacterium avium subsp. avium infection was diagnosed in a pet korean squirrel. grossly, multiple small nodules in the lung, liver, spleen, and skin were observed. adrenal glands were very enlarged. the only tissue exhibiting necrosis and calcification was a very enlarged bronchial lymph node. the remaining lymph nodes were slightly enlarged. moderate ascites was also observed. microscopically, a disseminated granulomatous inflammation with numerous lymphocytes was seen. acid-f ...200717197638
development of elisa to detect antibodies specific to mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis with truncated 34 kda proteins.to develop elisa to detect antibodies specific to mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (m. paratuberculosis), the carboxyl termini of the 34 kda proteins of m. paratuberculosis and mycobacterium avium subsp. avium (m. avium) were expressed in escherichia coli expression system. antibodies specific to m. paratuberculosis were detected with the truncated 34 kda protein of m. paratuberculosis in elisa after pre-absorption of serum samples with the truncated 34 kda protein of m. avium. all th ...200617201195
mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis and mycobacterium avium subsp. avium infections in a tule elk (cervus elaphus nannodes) herd.between 2 august and 22 september 2000, 37 hunter-killed tule elk (cervus elaphus nannodes) were evaluated at the grizzly island wildlife area, california, usa, for evidence of paratuberculosis. elk were examined post-mortem, and tissue and fecal samples were submitted for radiometric mycobacterial culture. acid-fast isolates were identified by a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) that discriminates among members of the mycobacterium avium complex (mac). histopathologic evaluations were c ...200617255437
fluorescence in situ hybridization using peptide nucleic acid probes for rapid detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. avium and mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in potable-water biofilms.here, we present for the first time a high-affinity peptide nucleic acid (pna) oligonucleotide sequence for detecting mycobacterium avium bacteria, including the opportunistically pathogenic subspecies m. avium subsp. avium, m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis, and m. avium subsp. silvaticum, by the fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) method. there is evidence that m. avium subsp. avium especially is able to survive and grow in drinking-water biofilms and possibly transmit via drinking water. ...200616391126
a novel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infections (johne's disease) in cattle.enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) for the diagnosis of johne's disease (jd), caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, were developed using whole bacilli treated with formaldehyde (called welisa) or surface antigens obtained by treatment of m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis bacilli with formaldehyde and then brief sonication (called selisa). elisa plates were coated with either whole bacilli or sonicated antigens and tested for reactivity against serum obtained from jd-posi ...200616682472
disseminated mycobacteriosis due to mycobacterium avium in captive bengal tiger (panthera tigris).a 2-year-old captive female bengal tiger (panthera tigris) died after prolonged anorexia in the gwangju uchi park zoo, gwangju, republic of korea. necropsy revealed multiple nodules of varying sizes in the lung, liver, kidney, and spleen. histopathologic examination revealed a typical granuloma composed of caseous necrotic areas surrounded by lymphocytes with a few giant cells and foamy macrophages. periodic acid-schiff stain and gomori methenamine silver stain did not reveal any fungal bodies. ...200616789727
comparative macrorestriction and rflp analysis of mycobacterium avium subsp. avium and mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis isolates from man, pig, and cattle.in germany, tuberculous lesions in slaughtered pigs due to infection with members of the mycobacterium avium complex are increasingly reported. contaminated food originating from pig or other livestock is discussed as potential source of human infection. m. avium isolates from man (n=45), pig (n=29), and cattle (n=13) were characterised by restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) with respect to insertion sequences is1245 and is901 as well as by xbai-based pulsed-field gel electrophoresis ...200616797885
short-sequence-repeat analysis of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and mycobacterium avium subsp. avium isolates collected from animals throughout the united states reveals both stability of loci and extensive diversity.we analyzed the multilocus short sequence repeats (ssrs) of 211 and 56 isolates of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and m. avium subsp. avium, respectively. the m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates could be differentiated into 61 genotypes. the m. avium subsp. avium isolates showed limited diversity. these ssrs are stable and suitable for studying the molecular epidemiology of m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis.200616891519
isolation of high-affinity single-chain antibodies against mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis surface proteins from sheep with johne's disease.johne's disease, caused by infection with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, causes significant economic losses to the livestock farming industry. improved investigative and diagnostic tools-necessary to understand disease processes and to identify subclinical infection-are much sought after. here, we describe the production of single-chain antibodies with defined specificity for m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis surface proteins. single-chain antibodies (scfv) were generated from sheep ...200616960114
comparative genomic hybridizations reveal genetic regions within the mycobacterium avium complex that are divergent from mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates.mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is genetically similar to other members of the mycobacterium avium complex (mac), some of which are nonpathogenic and widespread in the environment. we have utilized an m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis whole-genome microarray representing over 95% of the predicted coding sequences to examine the genetic conservation among 10 m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates, two isolates each of mycobacterium avium subsp. silvaticum and mycobacterium avium sub ...200515774884
identification and characterization of an immunogenic 22 kda exported protein of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis.an exported 22 kda putative lipoprotein was identified in an alkaline phosphatase gene fusion library of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and expressed in mycobacterium smegmatis. the full nucleic acid sequence of the gene encoding p22 was determined and the orf was cloned into a mycobacterial expression vector, enabling full-length p22 to be produced as a c-terminal polyhistidine-tagged protein in m. smegmatis. n-terminal sequencing of the recombinant protein confirmed cleavage of a ...200516192441
blowflies calliphora vicina and lucilia sericata as passive vectors of mycobacterium avium subsp. avium, m. a. paratuberculosis and m. a. hominissuis.mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (actinomycetales: mycobacteriaceae) isolates of identical restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) type b-c1 were isolated from: intestinal mucosa of two cows showing clinical signs of paratuberculosis, a specimen of the blowfly calliphora vicina robineau-desvoidy (diptera: calliphoridae) captured while perched on these cattle intestines in a waste container at the site of the slaughter, and the blowflies c. vicina and lucilia caesar linnaeus ca ...200415189236
use of recombinant esat-6:cfp-10 fusion protein for differentiation of infections of cattle by mycobacterium bovis and by m. avium subsp. avium and m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis.immunological diagnosis of mycobacterium bovis infection of cattle is often confounded by cross-reactive responses resulting from exposure to other mycobacterial species, especially mycobacterium avium. early secretory antigenic target 6 (esat-6) and culture filtrate protein 10 (cfp-10) are dominant gamma interferon (ifn-gamma)-inducing antigens of tuberculous mycobacteria, and they are absent from many environmental nontuberculous mycobacteria. because m. avium exposure is the primary confoundi ...200415242948
mycobacterial proteome extraction: comparison of disruption methods.mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis has long been recognized as the causative agent of johne's disease, a chronic inflammatory intestinal disease of sheep, cattle and other ruminants. mycobacterial cells are extremely hardy, and proteomic analyses require the use of harsh conditions to effect their disruption. we compared the effectiveness of bead beating and sonication as cell lysis methods for the extraction of the proteomes of mycobacterium avium subsp. avium and mycobacterium avium s ...200415048990
study of mycobacterium avium complex strains isolated from cattle in the czech republic between 1996 and 2000.this study surveys 2,593,348 cattle slaughtered between 1996 and 2000, and further investigates 571 (0.02%) animals found to have tuberculous lesions. culture of 346 randomly selected tissue samples from animals younger (n = 215) and older (n = 131) than 2 years, isolated mycobacteria from 91 animals (26.3%). these included 74 mycobacterium avium subsp. avium isolates of is901+ and is1245+ genotype and serotype 2, 13m. avium subsp. hominissuis isolates of is901- and is1245+ genotype and serotype ...200415066726
identification of mycobacterium avium subsp avium in an alpaca with lesions resembling paratuberculosis. 200315086098
characterization of genetic differences between mycobacterium avium subsp. avium strains of diverse virulence with a focus on the glycopeptidolipid biosynthesis cluster.the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) encompasses important pathogens in both animals and humans, yet little information is available on the factors required for mac virulence. an animal isolate, m. avium strain 724 was found to be considerably more virulent in balb/c mice than a human isolate, m. avium strain a5. to identify the genetic basis of this difference subtractive hybridization was applied, which resulted in the isolation of six dna fragments unique to strain 724. blast searches showed ...200312458173
genomic homogeneity between mycobacterium avium subsp. avium and mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis belies their divergent growth rates.mycobacterium avium subspecies avium (m. avium) is frequently encountered in the environment, but also causes infections in animals and immunocompromised patients. in contrast, mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (m. paratuberculosis) is a slow-growing organism that is the causative agent of johne's disease in cattle and chronic granulomatous infections in a variety of other ruminant hosts. yet we show that despite their divergent phenotypes and the diseases they present, the genomes ...200312740027
a standardised restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) method for typing mycobacterium avium isolates links is901 with virulence for birds.a standardised method for pvuii-psti-is901 restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) typing was developed and evaluated against 173 isolates of mycobacterium avium subsp. avium and m. avium subsp. silvaticum originating from birds (n=46) and their aviaries (n=5), pigs (n=85), cattle (n=18), reference serotype strains (n=9), humans (n=7), a horse (n=1), a nutria (n=1), and strain m. avium subsp. avium st 18 (formerly m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis st 18). pvuii-is1245 rflp typing was also ...200314499991
real-time polymerase chain reaction testing for the detection of mycobacterium genavense and mycobacterium avium complex species in avian samples.diagnosis of avian mycobacteriosis, caused by mycobacterium genavense or species belonging to the mycobacterium avium complex (mac), is problematic. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) offers rapid and sensitive detection of minute quantities of dna, and conventional protocols have been used for evaluating avian specimens. the recent development of real-time pcr offers several advantages over conventional pcr. in attempts to improve diagnosing avian mycobacteriosis, a real-time taqman pcr assay was ...200314708989
genome scale comparison of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis with mycobacterium avium subsp. avium reveals potential diagnostic sequences.the genetic similarity between mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and other mycobacterial species has confounded the development of m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-specific diagnostic reagents. random shotgun sequencing of the m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis genome in our laboratories has shown >98% sequence identity with mycobacterium avium subsp. avium in some regions. however, an in silico comparison of the largest annotated m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis contigs, totaling 2,658, ...200211923349
histologic and genotypic characterization of a novel mycobacterium species found in three cats.three cases of feline atypical mycobacteriosis from different geographical regions in north america were characterized by large clusters of filamentous bacteria visible on hematoxylin-and-eosin-stained tissue sections. pcr amplification demonstrated the presence of mycobacterium-specific nucleic acid in samples of skin lesions from these cases. pcr-assisted cloning and dna sequence analysis of a 541-bp length of the mycobacterium 16s rrna gene generated dna sequences which were >95% identical, s ...200212089257
cloning and expression of the haloalkane dehalogenase gene dhma from mycobacterium avium n85 and preliminary characterization of dhma.haloalkane dehalogenases are microbial enzymes that catalyze cleavage of the carbon-halogen bond by a hydrolytic mechanism. until recently, these enzymes have been isolated only from bacteria living in contaminated environments. in this report we describe cloning of the dehalogenase gene dhma from mycobacterium avium subsp. avium n85 isolated from swine mesenteric lymph nodes. the dhma gene has a g+c content of 68.21% and codes for a polypeptide that is 301 amino acids long and has a calculated ...200212147465
differential responses of bovine macrophages to mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and mycobacterium avium subsp. avium.mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and mycobacterium avium subsp. avium are antigenically and genetically similar organisms; however, they differ in their virulence for cattle. m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis causes a chronic intestinal infection leading to a chronic wasting disease termed paratuberculosis or johne's disease, whereas m. avium subsp. avium causes only a transient infection. we compared the response of bovine monocyte-derived macrophages to ingestion of m. avium subsp. p ...200212228282
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