| distribution of red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (rgnnv) antigens in nervous and non-nervous organs of european seabass(dicentrarchus labrax) during the course of an experimental challenge. | the distribution of red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (rgnnv) antigens was examined by immunohistochemistry in the nervous and non-nervous organs of juvenile european seabass (dicentrarchus labrax) during the course of an intramuscular infection. histological changes resulting from the infection were evaluated from 3 days to 2 months post-infection. the specific antibody response was also studied 2 months post-challenge. viral proteins were present throughout the experimental period in ... | 2012 | 23271176 |
| genetic characterization of betanodavirus isolates from asian seabass lates calcarifer (bloch) in india. | betanodavirus has been detected in asian seabass in india. molecular characterization of the isolates on the basis of the full-length viral rna2 sequence was performed. subsequent phylogenetic analysis with sequences from members of the four species in the genus betanodavirus revealed that the present isolates are closely related to members of the species redspotted grouper nervous necrosis virus. the analysis also revealed that the rna2 sequence was not responsible for acute symptoms in seabass ... | 2013 | 23224758 |
| generation and characterization of novel dna aptamers against coat protein of grouper nervous necrosis virus (gnnv) with antiviral activities and delivery potential in grouper cells. | nervous necrosis virus (nnv) infected larvae and juveniles of more than 50 fish species, resulting in mortality rates of greater than 95%. however, there is no efficient method to control nnv infections. aptamers generated by selective evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (selex) are short, single-stranded nucleic acid oligomers. they display a high degree of affinity and specificity for many targets, such as viruses and viral proteins. in this study, three novel dna aptamers (a5, a10, ... | 2016 | 26892075 |
| establishment and characterization of a novel cell line from the brain of golden pompano (trachinotus ovatus). | golden pompano is a commercially important marine fish that is widely cultured in china, japan, and southeast asian countries but has been seriously threatened by pathogen. a novel cell line (togb) derived from the brain of golden pompano trachinotus ovatus was established and characterized in this study. togb cell line showed high virus susceptibility, especially grouper nervous necrosis virus (gnnv) and singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv). as one of the most devastating viruses in marine fish ... | 2016 | 26822430 |
| tissue distribution of red spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (rgnnv) genome in experimentally infected juvenile european seabass (dicentrarchus labrax). | the distribution of viral genome in the tissues of juvenile european seabass (dicentrarchus labrax) during the course of a red spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (rgnnv) infection has not yet been described. the present study addresses this and indicates which target organs may be involved in viral replication. this information should enable more accurate detection of virus in asymptomatic carriers, and in turn help to control the spread of the disease. the aim of this study was to examine t ... | 2011 | 21783331 |
| rgnnv induces mitochondria-mediated cell death via newly synthesized protein dependent pathway in fish cells. | the rna nervous necrosis virus induces necrotic cell death in fish; however, the molecular mechanism remains unknown. in this study, we demonstrated that beta-nodavirus-induced mitochondria-mediated dependent cell death is through newly synthesized protein dependent pathway in replication cycle. we determined that newly synthesized protein dependent pathway is required for red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (rgnnv)-induced cell death. uv irradiation of the virus effectively blocked viral ... | 2010 | 20641154 |
| isolation and characterization of a nodavirus associated with mass mortality in asian seabass (lates calcarifer) from the west coast of india. | a fish nodavirus was detected in the juveniles of asian seabass (lates calcarifer) during a massive outbreak in the seabass cage culture farm located in the south west coast of india. the clinical signs of the disease included anorexia, inflated abdomen, exophthalmia, darkening of the whole body, erratic swimming and cork-screw type movement followed by death. the dead and the moribund fish were analyzed for nodavirus by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) using specific pri ... | 2014 | 25674617 |
| talens-mediated gene disruption of myostatin produces a larger phenotype of medaka with an apparently compromised immune system. | although myostatin, a suppressor of skeletal muscle development and growth, has been well studied in mammals, its function in fish remains unclear. in this study, we used a popular genome editing tool with high efficiency and target specificity (talens; transcription activator-like effector nucleases) to mutate the genome sequence of myostatin (mstn) in medaka (oryzias latipes). after the talen pair targeting olmyostatin was injected into fertilized medaka eggs, mutant g0 fish carrying different ... | 2016 | 26578247 |
| molecular characterization and expression analysis of mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein gene in sea perch, lateolabrax japonicus. | the mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (mavs) is vital for host defenses against viral infection by inducing expression of type i interferon. here, the mavs of sea perch (lateolabrax japonicus) (ljmavs) was cloned and analyzed. the complete cdna sequence of ljmavs was 3207 bp and encoded a polypeptide of 601 amino acids. ljmavs contains an n-terminal card-like domain, a central proline-rich domain and a c-terminal transmembrane domain. phylogenetic analysis indicated that ljmavs exhibited ... | 2016 | 26493015 |
| crystal structures of a piscine betanodavirus: mechanisms of capsid assembly and viral infection. | betanodaviruses cause massive mortality in marine fish species with viral nervous necrosis. the structure of a t = 3 grouper nervous necrosis virus-like particle (gnnv-lp) is determined by the ab initio method with non-crystallographic symmetry averaging at 3.6 å resolution. each capsid protein (cp) shows three major domains: (i) the n-terminal arm, an inter-subunit extension at the inner surface; (ii) the shell domain (s-domain), a jelly-roll structure; and (iii) the protrusion domain (p-domain ... | 2015 | 26491970 |
| expression profile analysis of mir-221 and mir-222 in different tissues and head kidney cells of cynoglossus semilaevis, following pathogen infection. | half-smooth tongue sole (cynoglossus semilaevis) is an important marine commercial fish species in china, which suffers from widespread disease outbreaks. recently, in this regard, our group identified immune-related micrornas (mirnas) of c. semilaevis following vibrio anguillarum infection. furthermore, mirna microarray was utilized to characterize the immune roles of important mirna candidates in response to bacterial infection. therefore, in the present study, we characterized mir-221 and mir ... | 2016 | 26420296 |
| sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis of fish nodaviruses based on the coat protein gene. | we have amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and sequenced a 605-bp fragment covering the variable region of the coat protein gene of fish nodaviruses infecting european sea bass, dicentrarchus labrax (n = 24), and shi drum, umbrina cirrosa (n = 2), in the mediterranean basin. nine new isolates were identified and their sequences were combined with sequences in the literature to produce three different data sets. the first set, based on amino acid sequences, was ... | 2001 | 11504420 |
| cloning of the fish cell line ssn-1 for piscine nodaviruses. | six cell clones were derived from the ssn-1 cell line, which is composed of a mixed cell population and persistently infected with a c-type retrovirus (snrv). these clones were susceptible to 4 piscine nodavirus strains belonging to different genotypes (sjnnv, rgnnv, tpnnv and *bfnnv [striped jack, redspotted grouper, tiger puffer and barfin flounder nervous necrosis viruses]). three clones, designated a-6, e-9, and e-11, were highly permissive to nodavirus infection and production. the virus-in ... | 2000 | 11145456 |
| temperature effect on nervous necrosis virus infection in grouper cell line and in grouper larvae. | this preliminary study elucidates the in vitro and in vivo effects of temperature on grouper nervous necrosis virus (gnnv) infection. a novel continuous cell line derived from the fin tissue of a grouper (epinephelus coioides, hamilton), named as gf-1 cell line, was used. cytopathic effect was observed in gnnv-infected gf-1 cells incubated at 24-32 degrees c after viral adsorption, but not at 20 degrees c or 37 degrees c even though the viral adsorption temperature was 28 degrees c. viral protei ... | 1999 | 10509721 |
| genomic classification of fish nodaviruses by molecular phylogenetic analysis of the coat protein gene. | a molecular phylogenetic analysis of 25 isolates of fish nodaviruses, the causative agents of viral nervous necrosis of marine fish, was performed based on the nucleotide sequences (427 bases) of the coat protein gene. these fish nodaviruses were classified into four clusters: tiger puffer nervous necrosis virus, striped jack nervous necrosis virus, berfin flounder nervous necrosis virus, and red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus. | 1997 | 9097459 |
| establishment and application of cross-priming isothermal amplification coupled with lateral flow dipstick (cpa-lfd) for rapid and specific detection of red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus. | red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (rgnnv) is an important pathogen that causes diseases in many species of fish in marine aquaculture. the larvae and juveniles are more easily infected by rgnnv and the cumulative mortality is as high as 100 % after being infected with rgnnv. this virus imposes a serious threat to aquaculture of grouper fry. this study aimed to establish a simple, accurate and highly sensitive method for rapid detection of rgnnv on the spot. | 2015 | 26409445 |
| epidemiological characterization of vnnv in hatchery-reared and wild marine fish on hainan island, china, and experimental infection of golden pompano (trachinotus ovatus) juveniles. | the current epidemiological situation of viral nervous necrosis virus (vnnv) on hainan island was investigated. a total of 490 hatchery-reared fish and 652 wild fish were sampled for vnnv detection from march 2013 to may 2014. positive detection rates of 84.53% (153/181) and 0.97 % (3/309) were obtained in diseased and healthy hatchery-reared samples, respectively, by conventional rt-pcr. however, using more-sensitive nested rt-pcr, the positive detection rates in healthy hatchery-reared fish re ... | 2015 | 26350771 |
| complete genome sequence of a fish nervous necrosis virus isolated from sea perch (lateolabrax japonicus) in china. | we sequenced and analyzed the complete genome of a fish nervous necrosis virus isolated from diseased sea perch (lateolabrax japonicus) in guangdong province, china. the virus genome contains rna1 (3,103 bp) and rna2 (1,433 bp). phylogenetic analysis shows that the virus belongs to the redspotted grouper nervous necrosis virus genotype of betanodavirus. | 2015 | 26044411 |
| in vitro and in vivo characterization of molecular determinants of virulence in reassortant betanodavirus. | we previously reported that betanodavirus reassortant strains [redspotted grouper nervous necrosis virus/striped jack nervous necrosis virus (sjnnv)] isolated from senegalese sole (solea senegalensis) exhibited a modified sjnnv capsid amino acid sequence, with changes at aa 247 and 270. in the current study, we investigated the possible role of both residues as putative virulence determinants. three recombinant viruses harbouring site-specific mutations in the capsid protein sequence, rss160.032 ... | 2015 | 25626678 |
| involvement of fish signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (stat3) in nodavirus infection induced cell death. | the janus kinase (jak)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (stat) signaling pathway is an important signaling pathway activated by interferons in response to virus infection. fish stat3 has been demonstrated to be involved in singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv) infection and virus induced paraptosis, but its effects on the replication of other fish viruses still remained uncertain. here, the roles of grouper stat3 (ec-stat3) in red spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (rgnnv) infe ... | 2015 | 25555814 |
| complete genome sequence of a betanodavirus isolated from half-smooth tongue sole (cynoglossus semilaevis). | betanodavirus, commonly called nervous necrosis virus (nnv) of fish, has emerged as a major constraint on marine aquaculture worldwide. here, we report the complete genome sequence of a betanodavirus (strain cscn128) isolated from diseased half-smooth tongue sole (cynoglossus semilaevis) in china. the genome sequence of strain cscn128 shares ≥98.7% similarity with seven-band grouper nervous necrosis virus from japan. phylogenetic analysis indicates that strain cscn128 belongs to the red-spotted ... | 2014 | 25523771 |
| influence of temperature on mx gene expression profiles and the protection of sevenband grouper, epinephelus septemfasciatus, against red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (rgnnv) infection after poly (i:c) injection. | influence of temperature on the susceptibility of fish against virus infection has been studied for a decade. recent reports have been shown the effects of rearing temperatures on the fish immune system against virus infection. however, the roles of temperature in regulation of type i interferon (ifn) system has not yet been investigated. thus, the effects of temperature on type i ifn response were investigated in this study using poly (i:c) injection in sevenband grouper and mx gene was used as ... | 2014 | 25107694 |
| development of simple, rapid and sensitive detection assay for grouper nervous necrosis virus using real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification. | a quantitative rapid detection method based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification has been developed for red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (rgnnv). the nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay is the mainstream inspection of the brooder in the hatchery. in this study, a real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) method has been applied for rgnnv detection, known as a high-speed gene amplification procedure. of the three temperatures (60 °c, 63 °c and 65 °c) attempte ... | 2014 | 25073724 |
| infections of nervous necrosis virus in wild and cage-reared marine fish from south china sea with unexpected wide host ranges. | the concerns about the impact of the nervous necrosis virus (nnv) infections in wild fish have been raised. this paper presents the results of quarterly surveys of nnv in wild and cage-reared marine fish from south china sea. samples of 892 wild fish belonging to 69 species and 381 cage-reared fish belonging to 11 species were collected and were detected by seminested pcr and nested pcr. in the case of seminested pcr, the positive signal was detected in 3.0% and 3.1% samples of wild and cage-rea ... | 2015 | 24943478 |
| isolation and characterization of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (traf6) from grouper, epinephelus tauvina. | tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (traf6) is one of the key adapter molecules in toll-like receptor signal transduction that triggers downstream cascades involved in innate immunity. in the present study, a traf6 (named as et-traf6) was identified from the marine fish grouper, epinephelus tauvina by race pcr. the full-length cdna of et-traf6 comprised 1949 bp with a 1713 bp open reading frame (orf) that encodes a putative protein of 570 amino acids. similar to most traf6s, et-tr ... | 2014 | 24811008 |
| ring domain is essential for the antiviral activity of trim25 from orange spotted grouper. | tripartite motif-containing 25 (trim25) has been demonstrated to exert crucial roles in the regulation of innate immune signaling. however, the roles of fish trim25 in antiviral immune response still remained uncertain. here, a novel fish trim25 gene from orange spotted grouper (ectrim25) was cloned and its roles in grouper virus infection were elucidated. ectrim25 encoded a 734-aa protein which shared 68% identity to large yellow croaker (larimichthys crocea). amino acid alignment showed that e ... | 2016 | 27276113 |
| susceptibility of chinese perch brain (cpb) cell and mandarin fish to red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (rgnnv) infection. | nervous necrosis virus (nnv) is the causative agent of viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (ver), a neurological disease responsible for high mortality of fish species worldwide. taking advantage of our established chinese perch brain (cpb) cell line derived from brain tissues of mandarin fish (siniperca chuatsi), the susceptibility of cpb cell to red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (rgnnv) was evaluated. the results showed that rgnnv replicated well in cpb cells, resulting in cellular a ... | 2016 | 27213348 |
| fish trim8 exerts antiviral roles through regulation of the proinflammatory factors and interferon signaling. | the tripartite motif (trim)-containing proteins usually exert important regulatory roles during multiple biological processes. trim8 has been demonstrated to be a ring domain-containing e3 ubiquitin ligase which plays critical roles in inflammation and cancer. in this study, a trim8 homolog from grouper, epinephelus coioides (ectrim8) was cloned, and its effects on fish virus replication were investigated. the full-length ectrim8 cdna encoded a polypeptide of 568 amino acids with 92% identity to ... | 2016 | 27150052 |
| reassortant betanodavirus infection in turbot (scophthalmus maximus). | in this study, the susceptibility of turbot juveniles to two betanodavirus strains was assessed, a rgnnv/sjnnv reassortant (ss160.03) and a sjnnv strain. the reassortant isolate exhibits a slightly modified sjnnv cp, with two amino acid substitutions in the c-terminal domain (positions 247 and 270). to analyse the role of these residues as virulence and host determinants in turbot, three recombinant strains (rss160.03247 , rss160.03270 , rss160.03247+270 ) harbouring site-specific mutations in t ... | 2016 | 27135777 |
| antiviral function of grouper mda5 against iridovirus and nodavirus. | melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (mda5) is a critical member of retinoic acid-inducible gene i (rig-i)-like receptor (rlr) family which can recognize viral rna and enhances antiviral response in host cells. in this study, a mda5 homolog from orange spotted grouper (epinephelus coioides) (ecmda5) was cloned, and its roles on grouper virus infection were characterized. the full-length ecmda5 cdna encoded a polypeptide of 982 amino acids with 74% identity with mda5 homolog from rock bream ... | 2016 | 27050314 |
| first report of viral nervous necrosis-induced mass mortality in hatchery-reared larvae of clownfish, amphiprion sebae bleeker. | frequent mortality was observed in the larval rearing facility of marine clownfish, amphiprion sebae bleeker. mortality resulted in 80% loss of larval stock. moribund larvae showed clinical signs typical of viral nervous necrosis, such as uncoordinated, corkscrew-like swimming behaviour, hypersensitivity to stimuli, darkening of body and assembly into large groups, similar to bunches of grapes. the aetiology of the disease was confirmed by gross observation of clinical signs, histopathology and ... | 2013 | 24117972 |
| betanodavirus of marine and freshwater fish: distribution, genomic organization, diagnosis and control measures. | the family nodaviridae include the genera alphanodavirus and the betanodavirus which are non-enveloped, single stranded rna viruses. alphanodavirus include the insect viruses while betanodavirus include species that are responsible for causing disease outbreaks in hatchery-reared larvae and juveniles of a wide variety of marine and freshwater fish throughout the world and has impacted fish culture over the last decade. according to international committee on taxonomy of viruses, the genus betano ... | 2012 | 23997435 |
| development of a reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for detecting nervous necrosis virus in olive flounder paralichthys olivaceus. | in this study, a reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) assay was developed for the rapid, sensitive, and inexpensive detection of nervous necrosis virus (nnv) in olive flounder, paralichthys olivaceus, in korea. a set of six specific primers was designed to target the rna 2 gene encoding the coat protein of korean nnv strains. the rt-lamp reaction successfully detected nnv after 30 min at 65 degrees c. when the sensitivities among rt-lamp, rt-pcr, and nested rtpc ... | 2012 | 22580323 |
| complete sequence of a viral nervous necrosis virus (nnv) isolated from red-spotted grouper (epinephelus akaara) in china. | a nodavirus isolated from red-spotted grouper (epinephelus akaara) larvae in china has been subjected to genome analysis. the full-length genome sequences of rna1 and rna2 were determined, and the 5'-non-coding region (ncr) and 3'ncr sequences were determined by 5' rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) and 3'race. rna1 is 3,103 nt in length and contains a 982-amino-acid open reading frame (orf) encoding protein a with a calculated molecular mass of 110.74 kda. rna2 is 1,433 nt long and contain ... | 2012 | 22270757 |
| fish immunization using a synthetic double-stranded rna poly(i:c), an interferon inducer, offers protection against rgnnv, a fish nodavirus. | viral nervous necrosis (vnn), caused by a fish nodavirus, is one of the most serious fish diseases worldwide. here we report a unique vaccination method in sevenband grouper epinephelus septemfasciatus using a synthetic double-stranded rna polyinosinic polycytidylic acid (poly(i:c)), an interferon inducer, followed by challenge with a live fish nodavirus. fish injected with poly(i:c) at 200 microg fish(-1) were highly protected from artificial challenge with red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis ... | 2009 | 19326792 |
| high expression of capsid protein of red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus in an avian cell line requires viral rna2 non-coding regions. | | 2007 | 17584441 |
| immune response against grouper nervous necrosis virus by vaccination of virus-like particles. | the grouper is a high-value fish in the seafood market. grouper nervous necrosis virus (gnnv) causes mass mortality, near 100% in larvae and juveniles, which has great economic impact on the aquaculture of the marine fish. since vaccination is one of the best methods against viral diseases, grouper epinephelus lanceolatus was injected with virus-like particles (vlps) of gnnv at different dosages and injection frequencies. the anti-sera of vaccinated fish were analyzed with antigen-capture elisa ... | 2006 | 16797803 |
| enhanced viability of a nervous necrosis virus-infected stable cell line over-expressing a fusion product of the zfbcl-xl and green fluorescent protein genes. | nervous necrosis virus (nnv) infection induces host cell apoptosis by an ill-understood process. we utilized a fusion between enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp) and the zfbcl-x(l) gene in gl-av cells to select for zfbcl-x(l) stable cell lines and to assess the effectiveness of the anti-apoptotic protein bcl-x(l) in circumventing nnv-induced cell death. stable egfp and egfp-bcl-x(l)-expressing clones were obtained at high purity within 2.5-3 months. in the latter, the egfp-bcl-x(l) fusion ... | 2006 | 16768715 |
| amino acidic substitutions in the polymerase n-terminal region of a reassortant betanodavirus strain causing poor adaptation to temperature increase. | nervous necrosis virus (nnv), genus betanodavirus, is the causative agent of viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (ver), a neuropathological disease that causes fish mortalities worldwide. the nnv genome is composed of two single-stranded rna molecules, rna1 and rna2, encoding the rna polymerase and the coat protein, respectively. betanodaviruses are classified into four genotypes: red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (rgnnv), striped jack nervous necrosis virus (sjnnv), barfin flounder ne ... | 2019 | 31227007 |
| protein a from orange-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus triggers type i interferon production in fish cell. | family nodaviridae consists of two genera: alphanodavirus and betanodavirus, and the latter is classified into four genotypes, including red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus, tiger puffer nervous necrosis virus, striped jack nervous necrosis virus, and barfin flounder nervous necrosis virus. type i interferons (ifns) play a central role in the innate immune system and antiviral responses, and the interactions between ifn and nnv have been investigated in this study. we have found that the ... | 2018 | 29733958 |
| identification of rna regions that determine temperature sensitivities in betanodaviruses. | betanodaviruses, the causative agents of viral nervous necrosis in marine fish, have bipartite positive-sense rna genomes. the larger genomic segment, rna1 (~3.1 kb), encodes an rna-dependent rna polymerase (protein a), and the smaller genomic segment rna2 (~1.4 kb) codes for the coat protein. these viruses can be classified into four genotypes, designated striped jack nervous necrosis virus (sjnnv), redspotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (rgnnv), tiger puffer nervous necrosis virus (tpnnv), ... | 2010 | 20582605 |
| features of chicken egg yolk immunoglobulin (igy) against the infection of red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus. | red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (rgnnv) is one of the most important viruses which mainly infects the larva of marine and freshwater fish with high mortality and affects the fishery industry worldwide. currently, there are no effective vaccines available for the fish larva infected with nnv. immunoglobulin yolk (igy) origin of oviparous animals is passed from the blood serum and concentrated in the egg yolk. with the advantages of high yield, cost-effectiveness, and high stability, ig ... | 2018 | 29906624 |