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citrus peel oil extracts as mosquito larvae insecticides.susceptibility tests were carried out in culex quinquefasciatus larvae using peel oil extracts of bitter orange (citrus aurantium), orange (citrus sinensis) and lemon (citrus limon). larvae mortalities were observed indicating that the extracts may contain potentially useful insecticides.19921644035
[a study on the quality of fruits of citrus aurantium l. (zhishi and zhiqiao) produced in jiangxi].through a study on the quality of different commercial fruits of citrus aurantium (zhishi and zhiqiao) produced in jiangxi, it has been found that the quality of eyan zhishi is good and jiang zhishi and jiang zhiqiao are the best varieties.19892511867
management of clinical cases of peste des petits ruminants (ppr) disease in goats.clinical cases of peste des petits ruminants (ppr) disease in goats were treated symptomatically. broad spectrum antibiotics, intestinal sedatives and fluid therapy were used for the treatment of pneumonia, diarrhoea and the restoration of the body fluid ionic balance. good feeding and nursing in warm, draught-free pens are necessary. lemon fruit and citrus aurantium proved to be effective for the treatment of the orf-like labial scabs. this treatment raised the survival rate of goats by 13.3%.19892619704
induction of anti-orange antibodies in rabbits.the capacity of certain foods to cause allergic reactions is well known. the four types of mechanisms that gell and coombs described in 1968, are involved in these reactions, although the reaginic antibodies retain the paramount attention of the immunologists. the physiochemical composition of the allergen molecule is the goal of investigators with the purpose to clarify the intrinsic kinetics of antibody synthesis. this paper contributes to the conflicting data about orange allergens especially ...19892635832
liquid chromatographic determination of naringin and neohesperidin as a detector of grapefruit juice in orange juice.naringin/neohesperidin ratios can be used to differentiate orange juice which may contain added grapefruit juice from orange juice which may include juices from other naringin-containing cultivars. the naringin/neohesperidin ratios in juice vary from 14 to 83 in grapefruit (c. grandis) and from 1.3 to 2.5 in sour orange (c. aurantium) cultivars; the ratio is always less than 1 for the k-early tangelo. concentrations of both naringin and neohesperidin can be determined in orange juice by using a ...20153417605
air pollution effects on the structure of citrus aurantium leaves. 19873664002
relaxant effects on tracheal and ileal smooth muscles of the guinea pig.the effects of volatile oils of 22 plants from 11 different families and of some of their constituents on tracheal and ileal smooth muscles were investigated. the results were compared with the relaxant effects of catecholamines and phosphodiesterase inhibitors. all of the oils had relaxant effects on the tracheal smooth muscle, the most potent were angelica root, clove, elecampane root, basil and balm leaves oil. 16 oils inhibited the phasic contractions of the ileal myenteric plexus-longitudin ...19854039178
a study of the phototoxicity of lemon oil.lemon oil contains furocoumarin derivatives and is known to cause phototoxicity. in this study, lemon oil was fractionated, and its phototoxic activity was measured by means of a biological assay. the substances producing phototoxicity were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography as being oxypeucedanin and bergapten. the phototoxic potency of oxypeucedanin was only one-quarter of that of bergapten. however, the amounts of these two phototoxic compounds present in lemon oils produced ...19854096528
[methoxylated flavones of citrus aurantium l. subspecies amara l]. 19685250536
[biological characteristics and pruning technic of citrus aurantium l]. 19836235010
[cultivation of citrus aurantium]. 19846235955
use of medicinal plants by ambulatory patients in puerto rico.the use of medicinal plants by the patients at the outpatient clinics of five health-care centers in puerto rico was evaluated. medication histories were obtained for 802 patients ranging in age from two months to 91 years. the most frequent medical diagnosis was cardiovascular disease (54% of the patients). respiratory and digestive disorders were the least frequent conditions, identified in only 9% and 6% of the cases, respectively. medicinal plants were used by 57% of the population. patients ...19846496496
accumulation and transport of (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid in plant cuticles: i. sorption in the cuticular membrane and its components.partition coefficients (k) of (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-d) have been determined for the system plant cuticle/aqueous buffer. cuticles isolated enzymatically from leaves (clivia miniata, ficus elastica, citrus aurantium, hedera helix, pyrus communis cv. conférence and cv. williams, olea europaea) and fruits (lycopersicon esculentum, capsicum annuum, solanum melongena, cucumis sativus) were utilized. only the nondissociated species of 2,4-d was sorbed by cuticles and their lipophilic c ...19846734501
[pesticide residues in oranges (citrus aurantium l. ssp. aurantium). ii. organophosphate insecticide residues]. 19827083341
[the effects of citrus aurantium and its active ingredient n-methyltyramine on the cardiovascular receptors (author's transl)]. 19817257808
[pesticide residues in the orange (citrus aurantium l. ssp. aurantium). i. determination of residues of organophosphate insecticides using gas chromatography]. 19817307085
[use of an herbal combination with laxative action on duodenal peptic ulcer and gastroduodenitis patients with a concomitant obstipation syndrome].thirty two patients were treated--19 with duodenal ulcer and 19 with gastroduodenitis, all of them with concomitant obstipation syndrome. the patients were treated with a combination of symphitum officinalis and calendula officinales form the main disease. the obstipation syndrome was treated with a combination of rhamus frangula, citrus aurantium, carum carvi. the laxative herb combination was effective in 100 per cent of the patients--daily defecation in 90.6 per cent and every second day in 9 ...19817336705
[treatment of chronic colitis with an herbal combination of taraxacum officinale, hipericum perforatum, melissa officinaliss, calendula officinalis and foeniculum vulgare].twenty four patients with chronic non-specific colitis were treated with a herb combination. as a result from the treatment, the spontaneous and palpable pains along the large intestine disappeared in 95.83 per cent of the patients by the 15th day of their admission to the clinic. defecation became daily in the patients with obstipation syndrome, but a combination of rhamus frangula, citrus aurantium, c. carvi was added to the herb combination already indicated. defecation was normalized in pati ...19817336706
fructus aurantii reduced portal pressure in portal hypertensive rats.the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of fructus aurantii (the unripe fruits of citrus aurantium l.) on portal hypertensive rats. portal hypertension was induced by partial portal vein ligation (pvl) in sprague-dawley rats. sham-operated (sham) rats served as controls. hemodynamic and in vitro contractile studies were performed at 14 days after surgery. both the aqueous extract of fructus aurantii and synephrine, one of its purified principles with pressor activity, were infus ...19957475952
a citrus fruit-exclusion diet in sensitive patients and its influence on specific antibodies.the presence and kinetics of specific ige and igg antibodies against the oranges citrus aurantium sinensis (cas) and citrus silension (cs) were studied in 41 atopic and 20 non-atopic children aged 8-12 years. diagnostic procedures such as intracutaneous skin tests, ige prist and anti-cas and anti-cs ige and igg rast were performed in both groups. a citrus fruit-exclusion diet was maintained for 180 days. the comparison of the results before and after the diet showed no significant changes in ski ...20157981885
nucleotide sequence of the coat protein gene of citrus tristeza virus: comparison of biologically diverse isolates collected in israel.the sequences of the coat protein genes of four seedling yellows (sy) and four non-sy (nsy) of citrus tristeza virus (ctv) isolates, which were collected in israel over a period of 30 years, were analyzed. pairwise comparisons showed extensive similarities in the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of six isolates designated the vt group. this group consists of three nsy isolates that cause a very mild ctv reaction on the sensitive combination of sweet orange (swo) grafted on sour orange (so), a ...19938279125
column liquid chromatographic determination of flavanone glycosides in citrus. application to grapefruit and sour orange juice adulterations.six flavone glycosides were separated by hplc using rp-18 with a quaternary mobile phase mixture [water-acetonitrile-tetrahydrofuran-acetic acid (80:16:3:1, v/v)]. this procedure was applied to the separation and determination of the most important flavanone glycosides contained in pure grapefruit and sour orange juices and mixtures. this method can be used for quality control of industrial concentrates and juices.19938486744
analysis of bitter essential oils from orange and grapefruit by high-performance liquid chromatography with microbore columns.the analysis of bitter orange and grapefruit essential oils (non-volatile fraction) was carried out by hplc in normal- and reversed-phase mode with uv detection. these oils were compared with the sweet orange and mandarin essential oils, analyzed previously. for the identification of chromatographic peaks, fractionation by rp-hplc was carried out. the purified fractions were analyzed by gc-ms and lc-ms. some new compounds were found, together with many others already identified in different citr ...19968680599
[studies on the bioactive constituents of aurantii fructus immaturus].an ethanol extract of "kijitsu" (aurantii fructus immaturus, citrus aurantium l.) collected in china was assessed for the antitumor activity using murine leukemia p388 in vivo, and the extract was found to be active by the antitumor bioassay in vivo and in vitro. the extract was separated into a petroleum ether-soluble fraction and an ethyl acetate-soluble fraction. fractionation was carried out using an index of cell-growth inhibitory activity against mouse leukemia l1210 cells to isolate antit ...19968721353
oil of bitter orange: new topical antifungal agent.superficial dermatophyte infection is one of the most common dermatologic diseases. some of these infections are extremely resistant to therapy.19968737885
naringin and naringenin are not the primary cyp3a inhibitors in grapefruit juice.the effect of various citrus juices and solutions of naringin on cyp3a activity in rat liver microsomes was compared by measuring the formation of 6 beta-hydroxytestosterone from testosterone. control enzyme activity was reduced by more than 70% by grapefruit juice. freshly-squeezed sour (seville) orange juice containing 20% as much naringin was comparable to grapefruit juice in its ability to inhibit microsomal activity. an aqueous solution of naringin at the same concentration as in grapefruit ...19968809221
[textual studies on shangzhou zhiqiao fructus aurantii].the original plant of shangzhou zhiqiao, the best among the species of zhiqino, is confirmed as citrus aurantium rather than poncirus trifolia in this paper based on the description and drawings of zhiqiao in (bencao gangmu) by li shizhen in the 16th rentury, samples from shangzhou(shanxi province), and the cold-warm period of historical climate in the local area, which is believed to be related to the distribution of c. aurantium in shangzhou. however, p.trifolia has often been confused with c. ...19969206251
relationship between volatile components of citrus fruit essential oils and antimicrobial action on penicillium digitatum and penicillium italicum.this study examined the effect of volatile components of citrus fruit essential oils on p. digitatum and p. italicum growth. the hydrodistilled essential oils of orange (citrus sinensis cvv. "washington navel", "sanguinello", "tarocco", "moro", "valencia late", and "ovale"), bitter (sour) orange (c. aurantium), mandarin (c. deliciosa cv. "avana"), grapefruit (c. paradisi cvv. "marsh seedless" and "red blush"), citrange (c. sinensis x poncirus trifoliata cvv. "carrizo" and "troyer"), and lemon (c ...19989761340
6',7'-dihydroxybergamottin in grapefruit juice and seville orange juice: effects on cyclosporine disposition, enterocyte cyp3a4, and p-glycoprotein.6',7'-dihydroxybergamottin is a furanocoumarin that inhibits cyp3a4 and is found in grapefruit juice and seville orange juice. grapefruit juice increases the oral bioavailability of many cyp3a4 substrates, including cyclosporine (inn, ciclosporin), but intestinal p-glycoprotein may be a more important determinant of cyclosporine availability.199910096255
d-rna molecules associated with subisolates of the vt strain of citrus tristeza virus which induce different seedling-yellows reactions.citrus tristeza virus (ctv) strains were previously catalogued as seedling-yellows (sy) and non-sy (nsy) types, according to their yellowing and stunting effects on indicator seedlings. among subisolates of the vt strain, which were selected from chronically infected alemow plants, there was a correlation between the presence of 2.4-, 2.7- and 4.5-kb d-rnas, and sy and nsy reactions, respectively. similarly, plants infected with mor-t subisolates, which cause sy, contained d-rnas of 2.6 to 2.8 k ...199910499445
[standardization of the sour orange flower and leaf].dried flowers (1 batch) and leaves (6 batches) of sour orange citrus aurantium l. had a similar flavonoid pattern. but the flavonoid levels of flowers were higher than those of leaves. the mean levels of the principal flavonoid compounds were respectively: total flavonoids 12.35 and 1.06%, neohesperidin 5.44 and 0.08%, naringin 1.93 and 0.06%, eriocitrin 0.38 and 0.25%. 18 batches of commercial origine were also examined for a comparative study. specifications were proposed for a revision of the ...199910520514
fast hplc for the analysis of oxygen heterocyclic compounds of citrus essential oils.a fast hplc method for the determination of the oxygen heterocyclic compounds of citrus essential oils was developed. five different oils were analyzed under identical conditions, by reversed-phase hplc with photodiode array detector, for a direct comparison of the composition of their oxygen heterocyclic fraction. analysis time was 7 min. the oils analyzed were lemon, bergamot, mandarin, sweet orange, and bitter orange. the method developed is good for rapid screening or fingerprinting of these ...199910552795
antimutagenic activity of polymethoxyflavonoids from citrus aurantium.the methanol extract from citrus aurantium showed a suppressive effect on umu gene expression of sos response in salmonella typhimurium ta1535/psk1002 against the mutagen 2-(2-furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)acrylamide (furylfuramide). the methanol extract from c. aurantium was successively re-extracted with hexane, dichloromethane, butanol, and water. a dichloromethane fraction showed a suppressive effect. the suppressive compounds in the dichloromethane fraction were isolated by sio(2) column chroma ...199910606602
inhibitory effect of herbal medicines on rotavirus infectivity.the inhibitory effect of some traditional herbal medicines on the infectivity of rotavirus, which predominantly occurs in sporadic diarrhea in infants and young children, was investigated. among the 34 kinds of herbal medicines tested, the fruit of citrus aurantium had the most potent inhibitory activity on rotavirus infection. the active components of the fruit of citrus aurantium were neohesperidin and hesperidin. their 50% inhibitory concentrations were 25 and 10 microm, respectively.200010726895
role of furanocoumarin derivatives on grapefruit juice-mediated inhibition of human cyp3a activity.with juices of grapefruit and related fruits, possible relationships between contents of six different furanocoumarins and extents of inhibition of microsomal cyp3a activity have been studied in vitro. microsomal cyp3a-mediated testosterone 6beta-hydroxylation was inhibited by the addition of a fruit juice (2.5%, v/v) from eight different grapefruit sources, two sweeties, three pomelos, and one sour orange, whereas no clear inhibition was observed with two sweet orange juices. the inhibitory com ...200010859150
obesity and medicinal plants.the effects of some medicinal plants (i.e. fucus vesiculosus, citrus aurantium) that are claimed to be useful in the treatment of obesity are reviewed.200010930716
[two interspecific somatic hybrid plants regenerated via protoplast electro-fusion].protoplasts isolated from cell suspension cultures of 'bonnaza' navel orange (citrus sinensis l. osbeck) were electrically fused with mesophyll protoplasts of rough lemon (citrus jambhiri lush) and goutou orange (citrus aurantium l.) respectively. plants regenerated from both fusion combinations. chromosome counting of randomly selected fifty two globular embryoids as well as all the regenerated seventy four plants from bonnaza navel + rough lemon revealed that twenty six embryoids were tetraplo ...200010976322
determination of naringin and neohesperidin in orange juice by liquid chromatography with uv detection to detect the presence of grapefruit juice: collaborative study.fifteen collaborating laboratories were sent 9 samples of citrus juice mixtures as blind duplicates for determination of naringin and neohesperidin by liquid chromatography. two sample pairs were 100% orange juice and did not contain any naringin or neohesperidin. the remaining 7 sample pairs contained naringin at levels ranging from 3.9 to 46.5 ppm and neohesperidin at levels ranging from 0.14 to 35.6 ppm. five sample pairs consisted of orange juice mixtures containing 1, 3, and 5% grapefruit j ...201211048857
acute intoxication of cyclosporin caused by coadministration of decoctions of the fruits of citrus aurantium and the pericarps of citrus grandis.in order to investigate the effects of citrus herbs on cyclosporin absorption and disposition, swine were given cyclosporin (10 mg/kg) with or without decoctions of citri aurantii fructus (caf) or citri grandis pericarpium (cgp) in a crossover design. fpia method (fluorescence polarization immunoassay) was used to determine the blood concentration of cyclosporin. the decoctions were characterized by their flavanone contents. our results indicated that the coadministration of caf and cgp signific ...200011105574
lc-ms for the identification of oxygen heterocyclic compounds in citrus essential oils.the oxygen heterocyclic compounds (coumarins, psoralens and polymethoxylated flavones) present in the nonvolatile residue of the essential oils of mandarin, sweet orange, bitter orange, bergamot and grapefruit were analysed with an hplc/api/ms system equipped with an apci probe in positive mode. the use of hyphenated techniques, such as lc/ms provides a great information about the content and nature of constituents of natural complex matrices, such as essential oils. in this work, ms spectra wer ...200011108548
incidence and epidemiology of citrus tristeza virus in the valencian community of spain.the first outbreak of citrus tristeza disease in spain caused by citrus tristeza virus (ctv) was recorded in 1957 in the valencian community (vc). in total c. 40 million trees, mainly of sweet orange and mandarin grafted on sour orange rootstocks, declined due to ctv. large-scale surveys in different municipalities of the vc indicated that the disease spread very fast. incidence increased from 11% in 1989 to 53% in 1998. toxoptera aurantii and aphis spiraecola (inefficient aphid vectors of ctv) ...200011137164
biology of diaphorina citri (homoptera: psyllidae) on four host plants.the biology of the citrus psyllid diaphorina citri kuwayama was studied at 25 degrees c on four commonly grown citrus and related plants [rough lemon, citrus jambhiri lush; sour orange, c aurantium l.; grapefruit, c. paradisi macfadyen; and orange jessamine, murraya paniculata (l.) jack] in the laboratory. the biological characteristics of each life stage are described. the average egg incubation periods on orange jessamine, grapefruit, rough lemon, and sour orange varied very little (4.1-4.2 d) ...200011142304
seville orange juice-felodipine interaction: comparison with dilute grapefruit juice and involvement of furocoumarins.our objective was to determine whether seville orange juice produces a grapefruit juice-like interaction with felodipine and whether bergamottin, 6',7'-dihydroxybergamottin, or other furocoumarins are involved.200111180034
inhibitory potential of herbal medicines on human cytochrome p450-mediated oxidation: properties of umbelliferous or citrus crude drugs and their relative prescriptions.to investigate the possible drug interaction with herbal medicine, hot water decoctions or 40% ethanol infusions of several umbelliferous or citrus crude drugs and their prescriptions were examined in vitro for their abilities to inhibit human cytochrome p450 3a (cyp3a). addition of each decoction or infusion from baizhi (angelica dahurica and varieties), qianghuo (notopterygium incisum or n. forbesii), duhuo (angelica biserrata), fangfeng (saposhnikovia divaricata), danggui (angelicasinensis), ...200111388644
accidental bullous phototoxic reactions to bergamot aromatherapy oil.oil of bergamot is an extract from the rind of bergamot orange (citrus aurantium ssp bergamia) that has a pleasant, refreshing scent; until a few years ago it had been widely used as an ingredient in cosmetics but was restricted or banned in most countries because of certain adverse effects. more recently, oil of bergamot preparations have been gaining renewed popularity in aromatherapy. oil of bergamot possesses photosensitive and melanogenic properties because of the presence of furocoumarins, ...200111511848
effect of temperature on cuticular transpiration of isolated cuticular membranes and leaf discs.cuticular transpiration was measured in the temperature range between 10 degrees c and 55 degrees c using tritiated water and five species (vinca major l., prunus laurocerasus l., forsythia intermedia l., citrus aurantium l., and hedera helix l.). cuticular water permeabilities measured with isolated cuticular membranes were not different from cuticular water permeabilities measured with leaf discs. depending on the species cuticular water permeabilities increased by factors between 12 (v. major ...200111520878
seville (sour) orange juice: synephrine content and cardiovascular effects in normotensive adults.the seville orange extract citrus aurantium contains m-synephrine (phenylephrine) and octopamine; it causes cardiac disturbances in animals and is used by humans for weight loss. juice from the orange (seville orange juice [soj]) is used to "knock out" intestinal cytochrome p450 (cyp) 3a4 in bioavailability studies. the purpose of this study was to determine synephrine and octopamine concentrations in soj and soj's cardiovascular effects in normotensive humans. subjects consumed 8 ounces of soj ...200111583473
toxic effects of six plant oils alone and in combination with controlled atmosphere on liposcelis bostrychophila (psocoptera: liposcelididae).six plant essential oils alone as repellent and fumigant, and in combination with the controlled atmosphere against liposcelis bostrychophila badonnel were assessed in the laboratory. these essential oils were extracted from the leaves of six source plants: citrus tangerina tanaka, citrus aurantium l., citrus bergamia risso et poiteau, pinus sylvestris l., cupressus funebris end]., and eucalyptus citriodora hook. the repellency test indicated that l. bostrychophila adults were repelled by filter ...200111681697
comparative study of the assay of artemia salina l. and the estimate of the medium lethal dose (ld50 value) in mice, to determine oral acute toxicity of plant extracts.artemia salina l. (artemiidae), the brine shrimp larva, is an invertebrate used in the alternative test to determine toxicity of chemical and natural products. in this study the medium lethal concentrations (lc50 value) of 20 plant extracts, aloe vera (l.) burm. f. (aloeaceae), artemisia absinthium l. (asteraceae); citrus aurantium l. (rutaceae); cymbopogon citratus (dc. ex nees) stapf (poaceae); datura stramonium l. (solanaceae); justicia pectoralis jacq. (acanthaceae); musa x paradisiaca l. (m ...200111695884
[clinical study on retarding aging effect of tongbu recipe to traditional chinese medicine].to study the mechanism of tongbu no. 1 (tb1, a prescription for reinforcing kidney and spleen, clearing up the bowel viscera to send turbid downward and regulating qi and blood) in retarding aging.199911783270
effect of humidity on cuticular water permeability of isolated cuticular membranes and leaf disks.the effects of humidity on water permeability of astomatous, isolated cuticular membranes and leaf disks of citrus aurantium l., vinca major l., prunus laurocerasus l., hedera helix l. and forsythia intermedia (thunb.) vahl. were investigated by a new method using 3h2o. with isolated cuticular membranes of p. laurocerasus the isotope method resulted in values similar to those obtained by a well-established gravimetric method. cuticular water permeability significantly increased by factors of 2 t ...200111800392
[studies on chemical constituents from the flower of citrus aurantium].the chemical constituents from the flower of citrus aurantium were studied. 11 compounds were isolated and identified including neohesperidin(i), synephrin(ii), 5,8-epidioxyergosta-6,22-dien-3 beta-ol(iii), adenosine(iv), asparagine(v), tyrosine(vi), valine(vii), isoleucine(viii), alanine(ix),beta-sitosterol(x) and beta-daucosterol(xi).200111917843
influence of aromatherapy on medication administration to residential-care residents with dementia and behavioral challenges.thirteen older persons (seven men and six women) in residential care participated as subjects in this study. all participants had histories of confusion due to dementia and were identified by staff as being consistently resistant to medication administration as indicated by vocal outbursts, moving away, or physical combativeness. subjects were exposed to four aroma interventions during medication administration: 1) lavender vera (lavendula officinalis); 2) sweet orange (citrus aurantium); 3) tea ...201712083347
the effect of grapefruit juice and seville orange juice on the pharmacokinetics of dextromethorphan: the role of gut cyp3a and p-glycoprotein.the objective of this study was to determine the effects of grapefruit juice and seville orange juice on dextromethorphan (dm) pharmacokinetics. eleven healthy volunteers were studied over a 3-week period consisting of 5 study days each separated by a three-day washout. all subjects refrained from drinking caffeine containing beverages (coffee, soda, etc.) 8 h before orally taking dm (30 mg) with 200 ml water, 200 ml grapefruit juice, 200 ml water, 200 ml seville orange juice, and 200 ml water o ...200212095536
determination of adrenergic agonists from extracts and herbal products of citrus aurantium l. var. amara by lc.the purpose of this study was to set up a hplc method to separate adrenergic amines (dl-octopamine, dl-synephrine and tyramine) and to determine their content in fruits, extracts and herbal products of citrus aurantium l. var. amara. a rapid method for the quantitative analysis of these amines is described, based on their separation by rp-hplc technique with uv detection. the analysis were conducted on a lichrospher rp-18 column at room temperature, using a mobile phase consisting of 0.02 m citr ...200212110397
[studies on chinese drugs zhiqiao and zhishi origin investigation and merchandise identification].to sort out the main original plants of chinese drugs zhiqiao and zhishi.199912205880
effect of seville orange juice and grapefruit juice on indinavir pharmacokinetics.considerable interpatient variability in indinavir pharmacokinetics, possibly due in part to variable metabolism of the drug through intestinal cytochrome p450 (cyp) 3a4, may contribute to poor virologic response in certain individuals with hiv infection. the purpose of this study was to characterize the influence of intestinal cyp3a4 modulation with grapefruit juice and seville orange juice on indinavir pharmacokinetics. in an open-label, three-period crossover study, 13 healthy volunteers rece ...200212362932
high-speed characterization and analysis of orange oils with tandem-column stop-flow gc and time-of-flight ms.high-speed gc with time-of-flight (tof) ms detection is used for the characterization and analysis of oils rendered from the peel of five diverse species of orange including bergemot orange, bitter orange, tangerine, mandarin orange, and sweet orange. with a user-defined signal-to-noise threshold of 100, 44 peaks were found and 36 compounds identified in the various oils. some major constituent components show large concentration ranges over the five species. a 14-m-long, 0. 18-mm-i.d. column en ...200212433099
evaluation of antioxidant activity of some natural polyphenolic compounds using the briggs-rauscher reaction method.a new method based on the inhibitory effects of antioxidants on the oscillations of the hydrogen peroxide, acidic iodate, malonic acid, and mn(ii)-catalyzed system (known as the briggs-rauscher reaction), was used for the evaluation of antioxidative capacity. with this method, which works near the ph of the fluids in the stomach (ph approximately 2), a group of natural compounds present in fruits and vegetables or in medicinal plants assumed to have antioxidant capacity, was tested successfully. ...200212475261
anxiolytic and sedative effects of extracts and essential oil from citrus aurantium l.citrus aurantium l. is commonly used as an alternative treatment for insomnia, anxiety and epilepsy. essential oil from peel (eop) and hydroethanolic (70% w/v) extract (he) from leaves were obtained. hexanic (hf), dichloromethanic (df) and final aqueous (af) fractions were obtained from he by successive partitions. swiss male mice (35-45 g) were treated orally with 0.5 or 1.0 g/kg of these preparations 30 min before the experiments for the evaluation of the sedative/hypnotic activity (sleeping t ...200212499653
effects of rootstock on the composition of bergamot (citrus bergamia risso et poiteau) essential oil.this paper reports the composition of bergamot oils obtained from plants grafted on the following rootstocks: sour orange, carrizo citrange, trifoliate orange, alemow, volkamerian lemon, and troyer citrange. the aim of this study is to evaluate the possibility of using rootstocks other than sour orange, checking their effect on the composition of the essential oil. results are reported for analysis of 203 bergamot oils during the years 1997-1998, 1998-1999, and 1999-2000. the oils were analyzed ...200312502409
[production of intergeneric somatic hybrid plants via protoplast electrofusion in citrus].leaf derived protoplasts of sour orange (citrus aurantium l.) were fused electrically with embryogenic protoplasts of microcitrus papuana swingle. plants were regenerated from the fusion products, which were characteristic with three types of leaf morphology. most of the plants were identical to sour orange (namely, leaf-parent-type plant) and two plants had large and thick leaves whereas one plant had bifoliate and trifoliate leaves. chromosome examination showed that these plants were diploid ...200012549071
tolerance of citrus rootstock seedlings to saline stress based on their ability to regulate ion uptake and transport.forty-five-day-old seedlings of sour orange (citrus aurantium l.) and citrus macrophylla wester, the most commonly used rootstocks in lemon orchards, were grown in nutrient solutions containing 1 (control), 10, 20, 30 or 60 mm nacl for 14 days. the effects of salinity on growth, uptake, transport and accumulation of cl- and na+ ions in leaves, stem and four root segments were studied. the 60 mm nacl treatment reduced leaf dry mass more in c. macrophylla (40%) than in sour orange (20%), whereas i ...200312566262
[determination of naringin and synephrine in fructus aurantii from different habitats by hplc].this paper reports the determination of naringin and synephrine in fructus aurantii from different habitats by hplc. the result shows the highest content of naringin in citrus aurantium l. 'xiangcheng' from genuine crude drug habitat xingan city jiangxi provice, the highest content of synephrine in citrus aurantium l. 'xiangcheng' from yiyang city jiangxi provice. quality evaluation of genuine crude drug was studied preliminarily.200012575153
comparison between poncirus and citrus genetic linkage maps.five genetic linkage maps were constructed for the parents of three progenies: citrus aurantium (a) x poncirus trifoliata var. flying dragon (pa), c. volkameriana (v) x p. trifoliata var. rubidoux (pv) and a self-pollination of p. trifoliata var. flying dragon (pp). the number of polymorphic markers assayed ranged from 48 for pa to 120 for a according to the heterozygosity of each parental. as our focus was on genome comparison, most of the markers were newly generated simple sequence repeats. i ...200312647056
biochemical characterization of blood orange, sweet orange, lemon, bergamot and bitter orange.this paper reports on the composition of aroma compounds and fatty acids and some physico-chemical parameters (juice percentage, acidity and total sugars) in five varieties of citrus: blood orange, sweet orange, lemon, bergamot and bitter orange. volatile compounds and methyl esters have been analyzed by gas chromatography. limonene is the most abundant compound of monoterpene hydrocarbons for all of the examined juices. eighteen fatty acids have been identified in the studied citrus juices, the ...200312648552
high efficiency genetic transformation of sour orange (citrus aurantium) and production of transgenic trees containing the coat protein gene of citrus tristeza virus.in preliminary experiments on agrobacterium-mediated transformation of citrus, we found transformation events occurring in callus formed from the cambium. factors affecting agrobacterium-sour orange (citrus aurantium l.) interactions, such as culture medium, explant source and culture conditions, were studied to assess competence for transformation in such callus and to improve transformation frequency. cell divisions and redifferentiation from the transgenic cells leading to transformation even ...200012651494
the effect of long-term atmospheric co2 enrichment on the intrinsic water-use efficiency of sour orange trees.every two months of 1992, as well as on three occasions in 1994-1995, we obtained leaf samples together with samples of surrounding air from eight well-watered and fertilized sour orange (citrus aurantium l.) trees that were growing out-of-doors at phoenix, arizona, usa. these trees had been planted in the ground as small seedlings in july of 1987 and enclosed in pairs by four clear-plastic-wall open-top chambers of which two have been continuously maintained since november of that year at a co2 ...200312653293
the effects of ergogenic compounds on myogenic satellite cells.a series of studies were conducted in which compounds commonly shown to be ergogenic aids for strength athletes if taken orally were evaluated for their ability to directly induce postnatal muscle stem cell proliferation or differentiation/fusion in vitro.200312750586
changes of the volatile profile and artifact formation in daidai (citrus aurantium) cold-pressed peel oil on storage.the chemical changes and artifact formation in daidai (citrus aurantium l. var. cyathifera y. tanaka) cold-pressed peel oil upon storage at 20, 5, and -21 degrees c for 3, 6, and 12 months were investigated using capillary gas chromatography (gc) and gc-ms. major changes occurred in the oil stored at 20 and 5 degrees c. no changes were found at -21 degrees c. monoterpene hydrocarbons decreased from 98.0 to 66.4% upon 12 months at 20 degrees c, while sesquiterpene hydrocarbons and alcohols increa ...200312822942
chiral separation of diastereomeric flavanone-7-o-glycosides in citrus by capillary electrophoresis.the 2s- and 2r-diastereomers of major flavanone-7-o-glycosides found in sweet orange (citrus sinensis), mandarine (citrus deliciosa), grapefruit (citrus paradisi), lemon (citrus limon), and sour or bitter orange juice (citrus aurantium) were separated for the first time by chiral capillary electrophoresis (ce) employing various buffers with combined chiral selectors. native cyclodextrins (cds), neutral and charged cd derivatives were examined as chiral additives to the background electrolyte (bg ...200312900888
identification and genomic distribution of gypsy like retrotransposons in citrus and poncirus.transposable elements might be importantly involved in citrus genetic instability and genome evolution. the presence of gypsy like retrotransposons, their heterogeneity and genomic distribution in citrus and poncirus, have been investigated. eight clones containing part of the pol coding region of gypsy like retrotransposons have been isolated from a commercial variety of citrus clementina, one of the few sexual species in citrus. four of the eight clones might correspond to active elements give ...200312937896
citrus aurantium as a thermogenic, weight-reduction replacement for ephedra: an overview.obesity is a serious health problem throughout the world. more than half of u.s. adults are overweight (61%) and more than a quarter (26%) of u.s. adults are obese. the inability of many individuals to keep their weight in check by diet and exercise has created a need for additional therapeutic means to combat obesity. despite great effort, the pharmaceutical industry has not come up with the solution; because most weight-loss drugs to date have serious adverse effects to health and well-being. ...200212939122
[cysteine desulfhydrase in citrus aurantium]. 195313126311
native and introduced host plants of anastrepha fraterculus and ceratitis capitata (diptera: tephritidae) in northwestern argentina.wild or commercially grown, native and exotic fruit were collected in 30 localities in the tucumán province (nw argentina) from january 1990 to december 1995 to determine their status as hosts of anastrepha fraterculus (wiedemann) and/or ceratitis capitata (wiedemann), the only two fruit fly species of economic and quarantine importance in argentina. a total of 84,094 fruit (3,466.1 kg) representing 33 species (7 native and 26 exotic) in 15 plant families were sampled. we determined the followin ...200314503581
improvement in growth and salt resistance of lemon (citrus limon) trees by an interstock-induced mechanism.interstocks can reduce toxic ion accumulations in leaves of budded citrus trees, but the mechanism is not understood. we grew sour orange (citrus aurantium l.; so) seedlings, budded trees of 'salustiano' orange (citrus sinensis l. osbeck; sao) on so, 'verna' lemon (citrus limon l. burm. f; vl/so) and interstock trees (vl/sao/so) in pots of sand watered with nutrient solution containing 5 (control) or 50 mm nacl (saline treatment) for 12 weeks. plants were harvested in six successive harvests and ...200314532011
qtl analysis of citrus tristeza virus-citradia interaction.citrus tristeza virus (ctv) has caused the death of millions of trees grafted on sour orange ( citrus aurantium). however, this rootstock is very well adapted to the mediterranean, semi-arid conditions. the aim of the present research is to genetically analyze the accumulation of ctv in a progeny derived from the cross between c. aurantium and poncirus trifoliata, both resistant to ctv isolate t-346. graft propagation of 104 hybrids was done on healthy sweet orange as a rootstock. three months l ...200414614564
expressed sequence enrichment for candidate gene analysis of citrus tristeza virus resistance.several studies have reported markers linked to a putative resistance gene from poncirus trifoliata ( ctv-r) located at linkage group 4 that confers resistance against one of the most important citrus pathogens, citrus tristeza virus (ctv). to be successful in both marker-assisted selection and transformation experiments, its accurate mapping is needed. several factors may affect its localization, among them two are considered here: the definition of resistance and the genetic background of prog ...200414624336
radioprotective effects of citrus extract against gamma-irradiation in mouse bone marrow cells.the radioprotective effects of citrus extract were investigated by using the micronucleus test for anticlastogenic and cell proliferation activity. a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of citrus extract (citrus aurantium var. amara) at 250, 500, 1000 mg/kg body weight 1 h prior to gamma-ray irradiation (1.5 gy) reduced the frequencies of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (mnpce(s)) and normochromatic erythrocytes (mnnce (s)). all three doses of citrus extract significantly reduced t ...200314646227
polymorphism of a specific region in gene p23 of citrus tristeza virus allows discrimination between mild and severe isolates.the pathogenicity determinants of citrus tristeza virus (ctv) are presently unknown, although transgenic mexican limes over-expressing ctv p23, an rna-binding protein involved in regulating the asymmetrical accumulation of viral rna strands, display typical ctv symptoms. here we compared the predominant sequence variants of gene p23 from 18 ctv isolates of different geographic origin and pathogenicity characteristics. phylogenetic analysis of these sequences revealed three groups of isolates: i) ...200314648289
[effect of citrus aurantium extract on l-type calcium currents in ventricular myocytes of single guinea pigs].to determine the effect of citrus aurantium extract (cae) on l-type calcium currents (ica-l) in ventricular myocytes of guinea pigs.200314653115
effect of the rootstock and interstock grafted in lemon tree (citrus limon (l.) burm.) on the flavonoid content of lemon juice.the grafting of the rootstock with the lemon tree is an agronomical technique used to improve production and/or quality of the fruit. the interstock has been used with different fruit trees to modulate the tree size, fruit production and quality, and the aging of the tree. the lemon trees grafted with interstocks increase their longevity, lemon production and quality; interstocks are also used to decrease the thickness of the trunk at the grafting point. this enlarging of the trunk provokes a de ...200414733516
brevipalpus californicus, b. obovatus, b. phoenicis, and b. lewisi (acari: tenuipalpidae): a review of their biology, feeding injury and economic importance.the genus brevipalpus includes most of the economically important species of tenuipalpidae. many brevipalpus species reproduce by theletokous parthenogenesis while other species reproduce by male fertilization of female eggs. previous researchers have determined that brevipalpus californicus (banks), b. obovatus donnadieu, and b. phoenicis (geijskes) females were haploid with two chromosomes. the life cycle and developmental times for these three species are reviewed. longevity of each brevipalp ...200314756411
induction of apoptosis by citrus paradisi essential oil in human leukemic (hl-60) cells.limonene is a primary component of citrus essential oils (eos) and has been reported to induce apoptosis on tumor cells. little is known about induction of apoptosis by citrus eos. in this study, we examined induction of apoptosis by citrus aurantium var. dulcis (sweet orange) eo, citrus paradisi (grapefruit) eo and citrus limon (lemon) eo. these eos induced apoptosis in hl-60 cells and the apoptosis activities were related to the limonene content of the eos. moreover, sweet orange eo and grapef ...200314758720
citrus response to salinity: growth and nutrient uptake.to determine the effects of salinity on relative growth rate (rgr), net assimilation rate on a leaf weight basis (nar(w)), leaf weight ratio (lwr), and nutrient uptake and utilization of citrus, we grew four citrus rootstocks (sour orange, cleopatra mandarin, carrizo citrange and citrus macrophylla) in nutrient solutions containing 0, 10, 20, 40 or 80 mm nacl for 20, 40 or 60 days. for each element analyzed, specific absorption rate (sar) and specific utilization rate on a leaf basis (sur(l)) we ...199714759868
carbon economy of sour orange in response to different glomus spp.vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (m) fungal colonization, growth, and nonstructural carbohydrate status of sour orange (citrus aurantium l.) seedlings were compared at low- and high-phosphorus (p) supply following inoculation with four glomus isolates: g. intraradices (gi, fl208), g. etunicatum (ge, ut316), g. claroideum (gc, sc186), and glomus sp. (g329, fl906). nonmycorrhizal (nm) seedlings served as controls. at low-p supply, increases in incidence of m colonization, vesicles and accumulation ...199614871797
possible association of acute lateral-wall myocardial infarction and bitter orange supplement.to report a possible incidence of acute lateral-wall myocardial infarction (mi) coinciding with the use of a citrus aurantium l. (bitter orange)-containing dietary supplement in a patient with undetected coronary vascular disease.200415026566
characterization of guignardia mangiferae isolated from tropical plants based on morphology, issr-pcr amplifications and its1-5.8s-its2 sequences.phenotypic and genotypic variability of 18 endophytic guignardia strains from different host plants (anacardiaceae: anacardium giganteum, myracrodruon urundeuva, spondias mombin; apocynaceae: aspidosperma polyneuron; ericaceae: rhododendron sp.; fabaceae: bowdichia nitida; leguminosae: cassia occidentalis; rutaceae: citrus aurantium) growing in different sites in brazil was assessed by means of morphometric measurements and inter-single-sequence-repeat-anchored polymerase chain reaction (issr-pc ...200415035504
herbal medicines for treatment of fungal infections: a systematic review of controlled clinical trials.traditional medicine has made use of many different plant extracts for treatment of fungal infections and some of these have been tested for in vitro antifungal activity. this systematic review evaluates antifungal herbal preparations that have been tested in controlled clinical trials. four electronic databases were searched for controlled clinical trials of antifungal herbal medicines. data were extracted in a standardized manner by two independent reviewers and are reviewed narratively. seven ...200415078424
contact and photocontact allergy to ketoprofen. the belgian experience.topical ketoprofen (kp) is widely used because of its anti-inflammatory effect. however, photocontact dermatitis is a side-effect. between may 2001 and june 2002, the belgian contact & environmental dermatitis group conducted a prospective, open patch and photopatch test study in 20 patients suspected of kp dermatitis. severe skin symptoms requiring systemic corticotherapy occurred in 47%. 5 patients were hospitalized. 1 patient showed prolonged photosensitivity. all patients were tested with kp ...200415186381
gish, aflp and pcr-rflp analysis of an intergeneric somatic hybrid combining goutou sour orange and poncirus trifoliata.intergeneric somatic hybrids combining goutou sour orange (citrus aurantium l.) with trifoliate orange poncirus trifoliata (l.) raf] were produced by electrofusion and their genetic inheritance analyzed by amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp), genomic in situ hybridization (gish), and pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp). sixteen mini-calluses were obtained after 20 days of culture; they all developed into embryoids on eme500 medium. following several subcultures on s ...200415252694
screening of furanocoumarin derivatives in citrus fruits by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.this paper reports a sensitive and specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for screening of furanocoumarin derivatives as cytochrome p450 3a4 inhibitors in citrus fruits. anti-6',7'-dihydroxybergamottin antibody was obtained by immunizing rabbits with 6',7'-dihydroxybergamottin conjugated with bovine serum albumin using the n-succinimidyl ester method. an enzyme marker was similarly prepared by coupling 6',7'-dihydroxybergamottin with beta-d-galactosidase. the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assa ...200415256725
high-performance liquid chromatography methods for the analysis of adrenergic amines and flavanones in citrus aurantium l. var. amara.reverse-phase hplc coupled with photodiode array detection was used for the simultaneous separation and determination of naturally occurring adrenergic amines (octopamine, synephrine and tyramine) in fruits and dry extracts of citrus aurantium l. var. amara and in herbal medicines derived therefrom. synephrine was the main component in fruits (0.10-0.35%) and in dry extracts (3.00-3.08%) and was present in the range 0.25-0.99% in herbal medicines. flavanones were analysed in the same samples usi ...201315311840
citrus aurantium, an ingredient of dietary supplements marketed for weight loss: current status of clinical and basic research.seville orange (citrus aurantium) extracts are being marketed as a safe alternative to ephedra in herbal weight-loss products, but c. aurantium may also have the potential to cause adverse health effects. c. aurantium contains synephrine (oxedrine), which is structurally similar to epinephrine. although no adverse events have been associated with ingestion of c. aurantium products thus far, synephrine increases blood pressure in humans and other species, and has the potential to increase cardiov ...200415337824
studies on water transport through the sweet cherry fruit surface: ix. comparing permeability in water uptake and transpiration.water uptake and transpiration were studied through the surface of intact sweet cherry (prunus avium l.) fruit, exocarp segments (es) and cuticular membranes (cm) excised from the cheek of sweet cherry fruit and astomatous cm isolated from schefflera arboricola (hayata) hayata, citrus aurantium l., and stephanotis floribunda brongn. leaves or from lycopersicon esculentum mill. and capsicum annuum l. var. annuum fasciculatum group fruit. es and cm were mounted in diffusion cells. water (deionized ...200515338307
products containing bitter orange or synephrine: suspected cardiovascular adverse reactions. 200415497209
in vivo assessment of botanical supplementation on human cytochrome p450 phenotypes: citrus aurantium, echinacea purpurea, milk thistle, and saw palmetto.phytochemical-mediated modulation of cytochrome p450 (cyp) activity may underlie many herb-drug interactions. single-time point phenotypic metabolic ratios were used to determine whether long-term supplementation of citrus aurantium , echinacea purpurea , milk thistle (silybum marianum), or saw palmetto (serenoa repens) extracts affected cyp1a2, cyp2d6, cyp2e1, or cyp3a4 activity.200415536458
safety and efficacy of citrus aurantium for weight loss.to examine the safety and efficacy of citrus aurantium, an herb now commonly used as a substitute for ephedra in dietary supplements marketed to promote weight loss, we conducted a systematic review. an extensive search of medline, embase, biosis, and the cochrane collaboration database identified only 1 eligible randomized placebo controlled trial, which followed 20 patients for 6 weeks, demonstrated no statistically significant benefit for weight loss, and provided limited information about th ...200415541270
bitter orange weight loss products may not be safe. 200415645567
pharmacological properties of citrus and their ancient and medieval uses in the mediterranean region.this paper reviews the pharmacological properties of mediterranean-grown citrus species (citrus l., rutaceae), including citron (citrus medica l.), lime (citrus xauantiifolia [christm.] swingle), lemon (citrus xlimon [l.] osbeck), bitter orange (citrus xaurantium l.) and pomelo (citrus maxima [burm.] merr.), as referred to in ancient, medieval and 16th century sources. the virtues of the species reported in these texts were compared to those known to modern science. a much broader spectrum of ph ...200415652281
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