| population genetic structure of aedes fluviatilis (diptera: culicidae). | although aedes fluviatilis is an anthropophilic mosquito found abundantly in urban environments, its biology, epidemiological potential and genetic characteristics are poorly understood. climate change and urbanization processes that result in environmental modifications benefit certain anthropophilic mosquito species such as ae. fluviatilis, greatly increasing their abundance in urban areas. to gain a better understanding of whether urbanization processes modulate the genetic structure of this ... | 2016 | 27598889 |
| antibodies to west nile virus in wild and farmed crocodiles in southeastern mexico. | surveillance for evidence of west nile virus (wnv) infection in morelet's crocodiles (crocodylus moreletii) was conducted in campeche state, mexico, in 2007. sera from 62 crocodiles (32 free-ranging and 30 captive) were assayed for antibodies to wnv by epitope-blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. antibodies to wnv were detected in 13 (41%) wild and nine (30%) captive crocodiles, and the overall antibody prevalence was 35%. although evidence of wnv infection in captive crocodiles has been ... | 0 | 23778623 |
| characterization of puerto rican west nile virus isolates in mice. | west nile virus (wnv) is a neurotropic arbovirus that was first isolated in 1937 in the west nile district of uganda. the virus emerged in new york in 1999 and is now endemic in north america (2007). the first virus isolates from puerto rico were obtained in 2007 from a chicken (pr20wh) and a mosquito pool (pr423). our study further characterized these viral isolates using in vitro plaque morphology assays and in vivo using a balb/c mice pathogenesis model. | 2015 | 26357867 |
| a survival and reproduction trade-off is resolved in accordance with resource availability by virgin female mosquitoes. | the first 2-4 days after an anopheles gambiae female mosquito emerges are critical to her survival and reproductive success. yet, the order of behavioural events (mating, sugar feeding, blood feeding) during this time has received little attention. we discovered that among female cohorts sampled from emergence, sugar feeding had a higher probability than blood feeding of occurring first, and mating rarely occurred before a meal was taken. the night after emergence, 48% of females fed on sugar in ... | 0 | 21499504 |
| comparison of automatic traps to capture mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) in rural areas in the tropical atlantic rainforest. | in several countries, surveillance of insect vectors is accomplished with automatic traps. this study addressed the performance of mosquito magnet® independence (mmi) in comparison with those of cdc with co2 and lactic acid (cdc-a) and cdc light trap (cdc-lt). the collection sites were in a rural region located in a fragment of secondary tropical atlantic rainforest, southeastern brazil. limatus durhami and limatus flavisetosus were the dominant species in the mmi, whereas ochlerotatus scapulari ... | 0 | 24402154 |
| evaluation of attractive toxic sugar bait (atsb)-barrier for control of vector and nuisance mosquitoes and its effect on non-target organisms in sub-tropical environments in florida. | the efficacy of attractive toxic sugar baits (atsb) with the active ingredient eugenol, an environmental protection agency exempt compound, was evaluated against vector and nuisance mosquitoes in both laboratory and field studies. in the laboratory, eugenol combined in attractive sugar bait (asb) solution provided high levels of mortality for aedes aegypti, culex quinquefasciatus, and anopheles quadrimaculatus. field studies demonstrated significant control: >70% reduction for aedes atlanticus, ... | 2013 | 24361724 |
| sex-biased avian host use by arbovirus vectors. | prevalence of arthropod-borne parasites often differs drastically between host sexes. this sex-related disparity may be related to physiological (primarily hormonal) differences that facilitate or suppress replication of the pathogen in host tissues. alternately, differences in pathogen prevalence between host sexes may be owing to differential exposure to infected vectors. here, we report on the use of pcr-based assays recognizing bird sex chromosomes to investigate sex-related patterns of avia ... | 2014 | 26064562 |
| genetic determinants of differential oral infection phenotypes of west nile and st. louis encephalitis viruses in culex spp. mosquitoes. | st. louis encephalitis virus (slev) has shown greater susceptibility to oral infectivity than west nile virus (wnv) in culex mosquitoes. to identify the viral genetic elements that modulate these disparate phenotypes, structural chimeras (wnv-pre-membrane [prm] and envelope [e] proteins [prme]/slev.ic (infectious clone) and slev-prme/wnv.ic) were constructed in which two of the structural proteins, the prm and e, were interchanged between viruses. oral dose-response assessment with the chimeric/ ... | 2014 | 25157120 |
| recurrent dna virus domestication leading to different parasite virulence strategies. | relics of ancient infections are abundant in eukaryote genomes, but little is known about how they evolve when they confer a functional benefit on their host. we show here, for the first time, that the virus-like particles shown to protect venturia canescens eggs against host immunity are derived from a nudivirus genome incorporated by the parasitic wasp into its own genetic material. nudivirus hijacking was also at the origin of protective particles from braconid wasps. however, we show here th ... | 2015 | 26702449 |
| modeling dynamics of culex pipiens complex populations and assessing abatement strategies for west nile virus. | the primary mosquito species associated with underground stormwater systems in the united states are the culex pipiens complex species. this group represents important vectors of west nile virus (wnv) throughout regions of the continental u.s. in this study, we designed a mathematical model and compared it with surveillance data for the cx. pipiens complex collected in beaufort county, south carolina. based on the best fit of the model to the data, we estimated parameters associated with the eff ... | 2014 | 25268229 |
| nesting bird "host funnel" increases mosquito-bird contact rate. | increases in vector-host contact rates can enhance arbovirus transmission intensity. we investigated weekly fluctuations in contact rates between mosquitoes and nesting birds using the recently described nest mosquito trap (nmt). the number of mosquitoes per nestling increased from < 1 mosquito per trap night to 36.2 in the final 2 wk of the nesting season. our evidence suggests the coincidence of the end of the avian nesting season and increasing mosquito abundances may have caused a "host funn ... | 0 | 23540137 |
| a review of the vector management methods to prevent and control outbreaks of west nile virus infection and the challenge for europe. | west nile virus infection is a growing concern in europe. vector management is often the primary option to prevent and control outbreaks of the disease. its implementation is, however, complex and needs to be supported by integrated multidisciplinary surveillance systems and to be organized within the framework of predefined response plans. the impact of the vector control measures depends on multiple factors and the identification of the best combination of vector control methods is therefore n ... | 2014 | 25015004 |
| vector competence of culex pipiens quinquefasciatus (diptera: culicidae) for west nile virus isolates from florida. | to assess vector competence (infection, dissemination and transmission) of culex pipiens quinquefasciatus for florida (fl) west nile virus (wnv) isolates. | 2014 | 24898274 |
| selective factors associated with the evolution of codon usage in natural populations of arboviruses. | arboviruses (arthropod borne viruses) have life cycles that include both vertebrate and invertebrate hosts with substantial differences in vector and host specificity between different viruses. most arboviruses utilize rna for their genetic material and are completely dependent on host trnas for their translation, suggesting that virus codon usage could be a target for selection. in the current study we analyzed the relative synonymous codon usage (rscu) patterns of 26 arboviruses together with ... | 2016 | 27455096 |
| ecological niche modeling of mosquito vectors of west nile virus in st. john's county, florida, usa. | the lack of available vaccines and consistent sporadic transmission of wnv justify the need for mosquito vector control and prediction of their geographic distribution. however, the distribution of wnv transmission is dependent on the mosquito vector and the ecological requirements, which vary from one place to another. | 2016 | 27357295 |
| high morphological and genetic variabilities of ochlerotatus scapularis, a potential vector of filarias and arboviruses. | ochlerotatus scapularis is a potential vector of filarias and arboviruses in the neotropics. this species was once typically associated with sylvatic environments; however, cases of synanthropy and urbanization of this species have been increasingly reported in southeast brazil. despite the medical relevance of oc. scapularis, its populational variability is not yet known. to our knowledge, this is the first report describing the morphological and genetic variabilities of this species. | 2015 | 25885902 |
| diversity of mosquitoes and the aquatic insects associated with their oviposition sites along the pacific coast of mexico. | the abundance, richness and diversity of mosquitoes and aquatic insects associated with their oviposition sites were surveyed along eight states of the pacific coast of mexico. diversity was estimated using the shannon index (h'), similarity measures and cluster analysis. | 2014 | 24450800 |
| colonisation and mass rearing: learning from others. | mosquitoes, just as other insects produced for the sterile insect technique (sit), are subjected to several unnatural processes including laboratory colonisation and large-scale factory production. after these processes, sterile male mosquitoes must perform the natural task of locating and mating with wild females. therefore, the colonisation and production processes must preserve characters necessary for these functions. fortunately, in contrast to natural selection which favours a suite of cha ... | 2009 | 19917074 |
| mosquito larvicidal activity of aloe vera (family: liliaceae) leaf extract and bacillus sphaericus, against chikungunya vector, aedes aegypti. | the bio-efficacy of aloe vera leaf extract and bacterial insecticide, bacillus sphaericus larvicidal activity was assessed against the first to fourth instars larvae of aedes aegypti, under the laboratory conditions. the plant material was shade dried at room temperature and powdered coarsely. a. vera and b. sphaericus show varied degrees of larvicidal activity against various instars larvae of a. aegypti. the lc50 of a. vera against the first to fourth instars larvae were 162.74, 201.43, 253.30 ... | 2012 | 23961212 |
| mosquito oviposition behavior and vector control. | the burden of gene transfer from one mosquito generation to the next falls on the female and her eggs. the selection of an oviposition site that guarantees egg and larval survival is a critical step in the reproductive process. the dangers associated with ephemeral aquatic habitats, lengthy droughts, freezing winters, and the absence of larval nutrition makes careful oviposition site selection by a female mosquito extremely important. mosquito species exhibit a remarkable diversity of ovipositio ... | 2016 | 27869724 |
| the genome and occlusion bodies of marine penaeus monodon nudivirus (pmnv, also known as mbv and pemonpv) suggest that it should be assigned to a new nudivirus genus that is distinct from the terrestrial nudiviruses. | penaeus monodon nudivirus (pmnv) is the causative agent of spherical baculovirosis in shrimp (penaeus monodon). this disease causes significant mortalities at the larval stage and early postlarval (pl) stage and may suppress growth and reduce survival and production in aquaculture. the nomenclature and classification status of pmnv has been changed several times due to morphological observation and phylogenetic analysis of its partial genome sequence. in this study, we therefore completed the ge ... | 2014 | 25063321 |
| genome sequence of a baculovirus pathogenic for culex nigripalpus. | in this report we describe the complete genome sequence of a nucleopolyhedrovirus that infects larval stages of the mosquito culex nigripalpus (cuninpv). the cuninpv genome is a circular double-stranded dna molecule of 108,252 bp and is predicted to contain 109 genes. although 36 of these genes show homology to genes from other baculoviruses, their orientation and order exhibit little conservation relative to the genomes of lepidopteran baculoviruses. cuninpv genes homologous to those from other ... | 0 | 11602755 |
| colour cues: effects of ipomoea plant extract on culex quinquefasciatus say gravid females in choosing oviposition site. | the interaction between plants and insects is dynamic, and may favour either the plant or the insect. plant chemicals are deeply implicated in this relationship and influence insect behaviour. here, we investigated the oviposition behaviour response of culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes based on the colour cues produced by ipomoea cairica leaves extract. in this study, two sets of oviposition choice experiments were conducted: (1) single solution in a cage; and (2) multiple concentration solution ... | 0 | 27688853 |
| light-emitting diode technology improves insect trapping. | in a climate of increased funding for vaccines, chemotherapy, and prevention of vector-borne diseases, fewer resources have been directed toward improving disease and vector surveillance. recently developed light-emitting diode (led) technology was applied to standard insect-vector traps to produce a more effective lighting system. this approach improved phlebotomine sand fly capture rates by 50%, and simultaneously reduced the energy consumption by 50-60%. the leds were incorporated into 2 ligh ... | 0 | 18666546 |
| the ha72 core gene of baculovirus is essential for budded virus production and occlusion-derived virus embedding, and amino acid k22 plays an important role in its function. | ha72 of helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus (a homologue of ac78) was identified as a conserved late baculovirus gene and characterized. ha72 localizes in the intranuclear ring zone. by generating mutants, we showed that ha72 is essential for budded virus (bd) production and occlusion-derived virus (odv) embedding. ha72 also interacted with p33, a baculoviral sulfhydryl oxidase. a point mutation of amino acid 22 from lysine to glutamic acid curtailed bv production and precluded odv occlusi ... | 2013 | 24089571 |
| regions identity between the genome of vertebrates and non-retroviral families of insect viruses. | the scope of our understanding of the evolutionary history between viruses and animals is limited. the fact that the recent availability of many complete insect virus genomes and vertebrate genomes as well as the ability to screen these sequences makes it possible to gain a new perspective insight into the evolutionary interaction between insect viruses and vertebrates. this study is to determine the possibility of existence of sequence identity between the genomes of insect viruses and vertebra ... | 2011 | 22073942 |
| 8. the development and evolution of division of labor and foraging specialization in a social insect (apis mellifera l.). | how does complex social behavior evolve? what are the developmental building blocks of division of labor and specialization, the hallmarks of insect societies? studies have revealed the developmental origins in the evolution of division of labor and specialization in foraging worker honeybees, the hallmarks of complex insect societies. selective breeding for a single social trait, the amount of surplus pollen stored in the nest (pollen hoarding) revealed a phenotypic architecture of correlated t ... | 0 | 16860670 |
| evolution and phylogeny of large dna viruses, mimiviridae and phycodnaviridae including newly characterized heterosigma akashiwo virus. | nucleocytoplasmic dna viruses are a large group of viruses that harbor double-stranded dna genomes with sizes of several 100 kbp, challenging the traditional concept of viruses as small, simple 'organisms at the edge of life.' the most intriguing questions about them may be their origin and evolution, which have yielded the variety we see today. specifically, the phyletic relationship between two giant dsdna virus families that are presumed to be close, mimiviridae, which infect acanthamoeba, an ... | 2016 | 27965659 |
| genome sequencing and analysis of catopsilia pomona nucleopolyhedrovirus: a distinct species in group i alphabaculovirus. | the genome sequence of catopsilia pomona nucleopolyhedrovirus (caponpv) was determined by the roche 454 sequencing system. the genome consisted of 128,058 bp and had an overall g+c content of 40%. there were 130 hypothetical open reading frames (orfs) potentially encoding proteins of more than 50 amino acids and covering 92% of the genome. among all the hypothetical orfs, 37 baculovirus core genes, 23 lepidopteran baculovirus conserved genes and 10 genes conserved in group i alphabaculoviruses w ... | 2016 | 27166956 |
| baculovirus vp1054 is an acquired cellular purα, a nucleic acid-binding protein specific for ggn repeats. | baculovirus vp1054 protein is a structural component of both of the virion types budded virus (bv) and occlusion-derived virus (odv), but its exact role in virion morphogenesis is poorly defined. in this paper, we reveal sequence and functional similarity between the baculovirus protein vp1054 and the cellular purine-rich element binding protein pur-alpha (purα). the data strongly suggest that gene transfer has occurred from a host to an ancestral baculovirus. deletion of the autographa californ ... | 2013 | 23720732 |
| the autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus orf78 is essential for budded virus production and general occlusion body formation. | orf78 (ac78) of autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (acmnpv) is a baculovirus core gene of unknown function. to determine the role of ac78 in the baculovirus life cycle, an acmnpv mutant with ac78 deleted, ac78ko, was constructed. quantitative pcr analysis revealed that ac78 is a late gene in the viral life cycle. after transfection into spodoptera frugiperda cells, ac78ko produced a single-cell infection phenotype, indicating that no infectious budded viruses (bvs) were produce ... | 2013 | 23698311 |
| proteomic analysis of mamestra brassicae nucleopolyhedrovirus progeny virions from two different hosts. | mamestra brassicae nucleopolyhedrovirus (mabrnpv) has a wide host range replication in more than one insect species. in this study, a sequenced mabrnpv strain, mabrnpv-cta, was used to perform proteomic analysis of both bvs and odvs derived from two infected hosts: helicoverpa armigera and spodoptera exigua. a total of 82 and 39 viral proteins were identified in odvs and bvs, respectively. and totally, 23 and 76 host proteins were identified as virion-associated with odvs and bvs, respectively. ... | 2016 | 27058368 |
| comparative genome sequence analysis of choristoneura occidentalis freeman and c. rosaceana harris (lepidoptera: tortricidae) alphabaculoviruses. | the complete genome sequences of choristoneura occidentalis and c. rosaceana nucleopolyhedroviruses (chocnpv and chronpv, respectively) (baculoviridae: alphabaculovirus) were determined and compared with each other and with those of other baculoviruses, including the genome of the closely related c. fumiferana npv (cfmnpv). the chocnpv genome was 128,446 bp in length (1147 bp smaller than that of cfmnpv), had a g+c content of 50.1%, and contained 148 open reading frames (orfs). in comparison, th ... | 2013 | 23861954 |
| oligomerization of baculovirus lef-11 is involved in viral dna replication. | we have previously reported that baculovirus bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (bmnpv) late expression factor 11 (lef-11) is associated with viral dna replication and have demonstrated that it potentially interacts with itself; however, whether lef-11 forms oligomers and the impact of lef-11 oligomerization on viral function have not been substantiated. in this study, we first demonstrated that lef-11 is capable of forming oligomers. additionally, a series of analyses using bmnpv lef-11 truncatio ... | 2015 | 26660313 |
| evidence of recent interspecies horizontal gene transfer regarding nucleopolyhedrovirus infection of spodoptera frugiperda. | baculoviruses are insect-associated viruses carrying large, circular double-stranded-dna genomes with significant biotechnological applications such as biological pest control, recombinant protein production, gene delivery in mammals and as a model of dna genome evolution. these pathogens infect insects from the orders lepidoptera, hymenoptera and diptera, and have high species diversity which is expressed in their diverse biological properties including morphology, virulence or pathogenicity. s ... | 2015 | 26607569 |
| development and evaluation of an attractive self-marking ovitrap to measure dispersal and determine skip oviposition in aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) field populations. | aedes albopictus (skuse) is a container-breeding species with considerable public health importance. to date, ae. albopictus oviposition behavior has been assessed in outdoor conditions, but only with laboratory-reared specimens. in outdoor large-cage and field studies, we used an attractive self-marking ovipositional device to assess ae. albopictus skip oviposition behavior. in field studies, 37 wild ae. albopictus that visited an attractive self-marking ovisite were subsequently captured at a ... | 2015 | 26534725 |
| the genome of dasychira pudibunda nucleopolyhedrovirus (dapunpv) reveals novel genetic connection between baculoviruses infecting moths of the lymantriidae family. | dapunpv (dasychira pudibunda nucleopolyhedrovirus), presented in this report, belongs to alphabaculovirus group ib. its full, newly sequenced genome shows close relationship to baculovirus opmnpv isolated from douglas-fir tussock moth orgyia pseudotsugata. baculovirus dapunpv is a natural limiter of pale tussock moth dasychira pudibunda l. (syn. calliteara pudibunda l.)(lepidoptera, lymantriidae), which can occur in a form of an outbreak on many species of deciduous trees and may cause significa ... | 2015 | 26449402 |
| the complete genome of a new betabaculovirus from clostera anastomosis. | clostera anastomosis (lepidoptera: notodontidae) is a defoliating forest insect pest. clostera anastomosis granulovirus-b (clasgv-b) belonging to the genus betabaculovirus of family baculoviridae has been used for biological control of the pest. here we reported the full genome sequence of clasgv-b and compared it to other previously sequenced baculoviruses. the circular double-stranded dna genome is 107,439 bp in length, with a g+c content of 37.8% and contains 123 open reading frames (orfs) re ... | 2015 | 26168260 |
| new baseline environmental assessment of mosquito ecology in northern haiti during increased urbanization. | the catastrophic 2010 earthquake in port-au-prince, haiti, led to the large-scale displacement of over 2.3 million people, resulting in rapid and unplanned urbanization in northern haiti. this study evaluated the impact of this unplanned urbanization on mosquito ecology and vector-borne diseases by assessing land use and change patterns. land-use classification and change detection were carried out on remotely sensed images of the area for 2010 and 2013. change detection identified areas that we ... | 0 | 26047183 |
| the fp25k acts as a negative factor for the infectivity of acmnpv budded virus. | baculoviruses generally produce two progeny phenotypes--the budded virus (bv) and the occlusion-derived virus (odv)--and the intricate mechanisms that regulate the temporal synthesis of the two phenotypes are critical for the virus replication cycle, which are far from being clearly understood. fp25k was reported to be responsible for the regulation of bv/odv, and the mutations within result in a decrease of normal odvs formation and an increase of bvs production. in this study, we demonstrated ... | 2015 | 26020780 |
| the genome sequence of pseudoplusia includens single nucleopolyhedrovirus and an analysis of p26 gene evolution in the baculoviruses. | pseudoplusia includens single nucleopolyhedrovirus (psinsnpv-ie) is a baculovirus recently identified in our laboratory, with high pathogenicity to the soybean looper, chrysodeixis includens (lepidoptera: noctuidae) (walker, 1858). in brazil, the c. includens caterpillar is an emerging pest and has caused significant losses in soybean and cotton crops. the psinsnpv genome was determined and the phylogeny of the p26 gene within the family baculoviridae was investigated. | 2015 | 25765042 |
| the complete sequence of the first spodoptera frugiperda betabaculovirus genome: a natural multiple recombinant virus. | spodoptera frugiperda (lepidoptera: noctuidae) is a major pest in maize crops in colombia, and affects several regions in america. a granulovirus isolated from s. frugiperda (sfgv vg008) has potential as an enhancer of insecticidal activity of previously described nucleopolyhedrovirus from the same insect species (sfmnpv). the sfgv vg008 genome was sequenced and analyzed showing circular double stranded dna of 140,913 bp encoding 146 putative orfs that include 37 baculoviridae core genes, 88 sha ... | 2015 | 25609309 |
| the genome of the nucleopolyhedrosis-causing virus from tipula oleracea sheds new light on the nudiviridae family. | a large double-stranded dna (dsdna) virus that produces occlusion bodies, typical of baculoviruses, has been described to infect crane fly larvae of the genus tipula (diptera, tipulidae). because of a lack of genomic data, this virus has remained unclassified. electron microscopy of an archival virus isolated from tipula oleracea, t. oleracea nudivirus (tonv), showed irregularly shaped occlusion bodies measuring from 2 to 5 μm in length and 2 μm in middiameter, filled with rod-shape virions cont ... | 2014 | 25540386 |
| genomic sequencing and analysis of sucra jujuba nucleopolyhedrovirus. | the complete nucleotide sequence of sucra jujuba nucleopolyhedrovirus (sujunpv) was determined by 454 pyrosequencing. the sujunpv genome was 135,952 bp in length with an a+t content of 61.34%. it contained 131 putative open reading frames (orfs) covering 87.9% of the genome. among these orfs, 37 were conserved in all baculovirus genomes that have been completely sequenced, 24 were conserved in lepidopteran baculoviruses, 65 were found in other baculoviruses, and 5 were unique to the sujunpv geno ... | 2014 | 25329074 |
| autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus dna polymerase c terminus is required for nuclear localization and viral dna replication. | the dna polymerase (dnapol) of the baculovirus autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (acmnpv) is essential for viral dna replication. the dnapol exonuclease and polymerase domains are highly conserved and are considered functional in dna replication. however, the role of the dnapol c terminus has not yet been characterized. to identify whether only the exonuclease and polymerase domains are sufficient for viral dna replication, several dnapol c-terminal truncations were cloned int ... | 2014 | 25008932 |
| the trichoplusia ni single nucleopolyhedrovirus tn79 gene encodes a functional sulfhydryl oxidase enzyme that is able to support the replication of autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus lacking the sulfhydryl oxidase ac92 gene. | the autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus ac92 is a conserved baculovirus gene with homology to flavin adenine dinucleotide-linked sulfhydryl oxidases. its product, ac92, is a functional sulfhydryl oxidase. deletion of ac92 results in almost negligible levels of budded virus (bv) production, defects in occlusion-derived virus (odv) co-envelopment and their inefficient incorporation into occlusion bodies. to determine the role of sulfhydryl oxidation in the production of bv, envelo ... | 2014 | 25010286 |
| brown planthopper nudivirus dna integrated in its host genome. | the brown planthopper (bph), nilaparvata lugens (hemiptera:delphacidae), is one of the most destructive insect pests of rice crops in asia. nudivirus-like sequences were identified during the whole-genome sequencing of bph. pcr examination showed that the virus sequences were present in all of the 22 bph populations collected from east, southeast, and south asia. thirty-two of the 33 nudivirus core genes were identified, including 20 homologues of baculovirus core genes. in addition, several gen ... | 2014 | 24574410 |
| differential survivorship of invasive mosquito species in south florida cemeteries: do site-specific microclimates explain patterns of coexistence and exclusion? | within 2 yr of the arrival of the invasive container mosquito aedes albopictus (skuse), the previously dominant invasive mosquito aedes aegypti (l.) disappeared from many florida cemeteries. at some cemeteries, however, ae. aegypti populations seem stable despite ae. albopictus invasion. we sought to understand this variation in the outcome (exclusion, coexistence) of this invasion, given that previous experiments show that ae. albopictus is the superior larval competitor. we tested experimental ... | 0 | 20852732 |
| burchellin: study of bioactivity against aedes aegypti. | the dengue mosquito aedes aegypti linnaeus, 1762 is a widespread insect pest of serious medical importance. since no effective vaccine is available for treating dengue, the eradication or control of the main mosquito vector is regarded as essential. since conventional insecticides have limited success, plants may be an alternative source of larvicidal agents, since they contain a rich source of bioactive chemicals. the aim of this study was to evaluate the larvicidal activity of the neolignan bu ... | 2014 | 24713267 |
| in-depth study of mollivirus sibericum, a new 30,000-y-old giant virus infecting acanthamoeba. | acanthamoeba species are infected by the largest known dna viruses. these include icosahedral mimiviruses, amphora-shaped pandoraviruses, and pithovirus sibericum, the latter one isolated from 30,000-y-old permafrost. mollivirus sibericum, a fourth type of giant virus, was isolated from the same permafrost sample. its approximately spherical virion (0.6-µm diameter) encloses a 651-kb gc-rich genome encoding 523 proteins of which 64% are orfans; 16% have their closest homolog in pandoraviruses an ... | 2015 | 26351664 |
| wing sexual dimorphism of pathogen-vector culicids. | sexual dimorphism in animals has been studied from different perspectives for decades. in 1874 darwin hypothesized that it was related to sexual selection, and even after nearly 140 years, when additional empirical data has become available and the subject has been investigated from a contemporary viewpoint, this idea is still supported. although mosquito (culicidae) wings are of great importance as they play a sex-specific role, little is known about wing sexual dimorphism in these pathogen-vec ... | 2015 | 25890192 |
| vacant lots: productive sites for aedes (stegomyia) aegypti (diptera: culicidae) in mérida city, méxico. | we assessed the potential for vacant lots and other nonresidential settings to serve as source environments for aedes (stegomyia) aegypti (l.) (diptera: culicidae) in mérida city, méxico. mosquito immatures were collected, during november 2011-june 2013, from residential premises (n = 156 site visits) and nonresidential settings represented by vacant lots (50), parking lots (18), and streets or sidewalks (28). collections totaled 46,025 mosquito immatures of 13 species. ae. aegypti was the most ... | 0 | 24724299 |
| the baculovirus core gene ac83 is required for nucleocapsid assembly and per os infectivity of autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus. | autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (acmnpv) ac83 is a baculovirus core gene whose function in the acmnpv life cycle is unknown. in the present study, an ac83-knockout acmnpv (vac83ko) was constructed to investigate the function of ac83 through homologous recombination in escherichia coli. no budded virions were produced in vac83ko-transfected sf9 cells, although viral dna replication was unaffected. electron microscopy revealed that nucleocapsid assembly was aborted due to the ... | 2013 | 23864639 |
| the non-photosynthetic algae helicosporidium spp.: emergence of a novel group of insect pathogens. | since the original description of helicosporidium parasiticum in 1921, members of the genus helicosporidium have been reported to infect a wide variety of invertebrates, but their characterization has remained dependent on occasional reports of infection. recently, several new helicosporidium isolates have been successfully maintained in axenic cultures. the ability to produce large quantity of biological material has led to very significant advances in the understanding of helicosporidium biolo ... | 2013 | 26462425 |
| the ac53, ac78, ac101, and ac103 genes are newly discovered core genes in the family baculoviridae. | the family baculoviridae is a large group of insect viruses containing circular double-stranded dna genomes of 80 to 180 kbp, which have broad biotechnological applications. a key feature to understand and manipulate them is the recognition of orthology. however, the differences in gene contents and evolutionary distances among the known members of this family make it difficult to assign sequence orthology. in this study, the genome sequences of 58 baculoviruses were analyzed, with the aim to de ... | 2012 | 22933288 |
| analysis of the autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus overlapping gene pair lef3 and ac68 reveals that ac68 is a per os infectivity factor and that lef3 is critical, but not essential, for virus replication. | autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus ac68 is a core gene that overlaps lef3 which encodes the single-stranded dna binding protein. a knockout (ko) virus lacking both lef3 and ac68 was generated (lef3-ac68 2×ko) to enable the functional study of ac68. to produce an ac68ko virus that did not impact lef3 expression, the lef3-ac68 2×ko virus was repaired with a dna fragment containing lef3 and ac68, in which ac68 contained point mutations so that only lef3 was expressed. repair of le ... | 2012 | 22278232 |
| analysis of the genome of the sexually transmitted insect virus helicoverpa zea nudivirus 2. | the sexually transmitted insect virus helicoverpa zea nudivirus 2 (hznv-2) was determined to have a circular double-stranded dna genome of 231,621 bp coding for an estimated 113 open reading frames (orfs). hznv-2 is most closely related to the nudiviruses, a sister group of the insect baculoviruses. several putative orfs that share homology with the baculovirus core genes were identified in the viral genome. however, hznv-2 lacks several key genetic features of baculoviruses including the late t ... | 2012 | 22355451 |
| effects of bed net use, female size, and plant abundance on the first meal choice (blood vs sugar) of the malaria mosquito anopheles gambiae. | the purpose of this study was to determine whether the sugar-or-blood meal choice of anopheles gambiae females one day after emergence is influenced by blood-host presence and accessibility, nectariferous plant abundance, and female size. this tested the hypothesis that the initial meal of female an. gambiae is sugar, even when a blood host is available throughout the night, and, if not, whether the use of a bed net diverts mosquitoes to sugar sources. | 2012 | 22217265 |
| complete sequence, analysis and organization of the orgyia leucostigma nucleopolyhedrovirus genome. | the complete genome of the orgyia leucostigma nucleopolyhedrovirus (orlenpv) isolated from the whitemarked tussock moth (orgyia leucostigma, lymantridae: lepidoptera) was sequenced, analyzed, and compared to other baculovirus genomes. the size of the orlenpv genome was 156,179 base pairs (bp) and had a g+c content of 39%. the genome encoded 135 putative open reading frames (orfs), which occupied 79% of the entire genome sequence. three inhibitor of apoptosis (orfs 16, 43 and 63), and five baculo ... | 2011 | 22163346 |
| paleozoic origin of insect large dsdna viruses. | to understand how extant viruses interact with their hosts, we need a historical framework of their evolutionary association. akin to retrovirus or hepadnavirus viral fossils present in eukaryotic genomes, bracoviruses are integrated in braconid wasp genomes and are transmitted by mendelian inheritance. however, unlike viral genomic fossils, they have retained functional machineries homologous to those of large dsdna viruses pathogenic to arthropods. using a phylogenomic approach, we resolved th ... | 2011 | 21911395 |
| baculovirus: molecular insights on their diversity and conservation. | the baculoviridae is a large group of insect viruses containing circular double-stranded dna genomes of 80 to 180 kbp. in this study, genome sequences from 57 baculoviruses were analyzed to reevaluate the number and identity of core genes and to understand the distribution of the remaining coding sequences. thirty one core genes with orthologs in all genomes were identified along with other 895 genes differing in their degrees of representation among reported genomes. many of these latter genes ... | 2011 | 21716740 |
| oviposition responses of the mosquitoes aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus to experimental plant infusions in laboratory bioassays. | attraction of the mosquitoes aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus to plant infusions was evaluated by using a modified sticky-screen bioassay that improved the resolution of mosquito responses to odorants. under bioassay conditions, solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatographic analyses of the volatile marker chemical indole showed that odorants diffused from bioassay cups, forming a concentration gradient. infusions were prepared by separately fermenting senescent leaves of eight plant species in ... | 2010 | 20521087 |
| genomic sequencing and analyses of lymantria xylina multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus. | outbreaks of the casuarina moth, lymantria xylina swinehoe (lepidoptera: lymantriidae), which is a very important forest pest in taiwan, have occurred every five to 10 years. this moth has expanded its range of host plants to include more than 65 species of broadleaf trees. lyxymnpv (l. xylina multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus) is highly virulent to the casuarina moth and has been investigated as a possible biopesticide for controlling this moth. ldmnpv-like virus has also been isolated from lymantr ... | 2010 | 20167051 |
| complete genome viral phylogenies suggests the concerted evolution of regulatory cores and accessory satellites. | we consider the concerted evolution of viral genomes in four families of dna viruses. given the high rate of horizontal gene transfer among viruses and their hosts, it is an open question as to how representative particular genes are of the evolutionary history of the complete genome. to address the concerted evolution of viral genes, we compared genomic evolution across four distinct, extant viral families. for all four viral families we constructed dna-dependent dna polymerase-based (dddp) phy ... | 2008 | 18941535 |
| proteomics analysis of helicoverpa armigera single nucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus identified two new occlusion-derived virus-associated proteins, ha44 and ha100. | sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry were used to analyze the structural proteins of the occlusion-derived virus (odv) of helicoverpa armigera single nucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (hearnpv), a group ii npv. twenty-three structural proteins of hearnpv odv were identified, 21 of which have been reported previously as structural proteins or odv-associated proteins in other baculoviruses. these include polyhedrin, p78/83, p49, odv-e18, odv-ec27, odv-e56 ... | 2007 | 17581982 |
| the making of a social insect: developmental architectures of social design. | we marvel at the social complexity of insects, marked by anatomically and behaviorally distinguishable castes, division of labor and specialization--but how do such systems evolve? insect societies are composed of individuals, each undergoing its own developmental process and each containing its own genetic information and experiencing its own developmental and experiential environment. yet societies appear to function as if the colonies themselves are individuals with novel "social genes" and n ... | 0 | 17373656 |
| reproductive ground plan may mediate colony-level selection effects on individual foraging behavior in honey bees. | the colony-level phenotype of an insect society emerges from interactions between large numbers of individuals that may differ considerably in their morphology, physiology, and behavior. the proximate and ultimate mechanisms that allow this complex integrated system to form are not fully known, and understanding the evolution of social life strategies is a major topic in systems biology. in solitary insects, behavior, sensory tuning, and reproductive physiology are linked. these associations are ... | 2004 | 15277665 |
| sequence analysis of the genome of the neodiprion sertifer nucleopolyhedrovirus. | the genome of the neodiprion sertifer nucleopolyhedrovirus (nesenpv), which infects the european pine sawfly, n. sertifer (hymenoptera: diprionidae), was sequenced and analyzed. the genome was 86,462 bp in size. the c+g content of 34% was lower than that of the majority of baculoviruses. a total of 90 methionine-initiated open reading frames (orfs) with more than 50 amino acids and minimal overlapping were found. from those, 43 orfs were homologous to other baculovirus orfs, and 29 of these were ... | 0 | 15194780 |
| ancient coevolution of baculoviruses and their insect hosts. | if the relationships between baculoviruses and their insect hosts are subject to coevolution, this should lead to long-term evolutionary effects such as the specialization of these pathogens for their hosts. to test this hypothesis, a phylogeny of the baculoviridae, including 39 viruses from hosts of the orders lepidoptera, diptera, and hymenoptera, was reconstructed based on sequences from the genes lef-8 and ac22. the tree showed a clear division of the baculoviruses according to the order of ... | 0 | 15016845 |
| mapping the triphosphatase active site of baculovirus mrna capping enzyme lef4 and evidence for a two-metal mechanism. | the 464-amino acid baculovirus lef4 protein is a bifunctional mrna capping enzyme with triphosphatase and guanylyltransferase activities. the n-terminal half of lef4 constitutes an autonomous triphosphatase catalytic domain. the lef4 triphosphatase belongs to a family of metal-dependent phosphohydrolases, which includes the rna triphosphatases of fungi, protozoa, chlorella virus and poxviruses. the family is defined by two glutamate-containing motifs (a and c), which form a metal-binding site. m ... | 0 | 12595553 |
| seasonality, prevalence and pathogenicity of the gregarine ascogregarina taiwanensis (apicomplexa: lecudinidae) in mosquitoes from florida. | aedes albopictus larvae collected in gainesville, fl, were infected with the gregarine ascogregarina taiwanensis. natural prevalence varied from 68 to 100%. eight mosquito species were tested in the laboratory for susceptibility to a. taiwanensis isolated from field-collected ae. albopictus. aedes aegypti, aedes albopictus, and aedes taeniorhynchus became 100% infected in the larval stage, whereas aedes triseriatus was less susceptible; culex quinquefasciatus, culex nigripalpus, culex territans, ... | 1994 | 7807086 |
| autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus ac76: a dimeric type ii integral membrane protein that contains an inner nuclear membrane-sorting motif. | our previous study showed that the autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (acmnpv) ac76 gene is essential for both budded virion (bv) and occlusion-derived virion (odv) development. more importantly, deletion of ac76 affects intranuclear microvesicle formation. however, the exact role by which ac76 affects virion morphogenesis remains unknown. in this report, we characterized the expression, distribution, and topology of ac76 to further understand the functional role of ac76 in virion morph ... | 2013 | 24198428 |
| analysis of the genome of a korean isolate of the pieris rapae granulovirus enabled by its separation from total host genomic dna by pulse-field electrophoresis. | most traditional genome sequencing projects involving viruses include the culture and purification of the virus particles. however, purification of virions may yield insufficient material for traditional sequencing. the electrophoretic method described here provides a strategy whereby the genomic dna of the korean isolate of pieris rapae granulovirus (piragv-k) could be recovered in sufficient amounts for sequencing by purifying it directly from total host dna by pulse-field gel electrophoresis ... | 2013 | 24391907 |
| a mosquito survey of the twin-island caribbean nation of saint kitts and nevis, 2010. | adult mosquito surveys of saint kitts and nevis (skn) were performed in the dry season (march 16-23, 2010) in saint kitts, and the rainy season (october 18-25, 2010) in skn. biogents (bg) sentinel traps were set with co₂and bg lure in urban, rural, mangrove, and dry forest habitats. mosquitoes were identified to species, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was performed on potential vector species for dengue virus (denv), chikungunya virus (chikv), and west nile virus (wnv). the ... | 2015 | 26675458 |
| genome scale transcriptomics of baculovirus-insect interactions. | baculovirus-insect cell technologies are applied in the production of complex proteins, veterinary and human vaccines, gene delivery vectors' and biopesticides. better understanding of how baculoviruses and insect cells interact would facilitate baculovirus-based production. while complete genomic sequences are available for over 58 baculovirus species, little insect genomic information is known. the release of the bombyx mori and plutella xylostella genomes, the accumulation of est sequences fo ... | 2013 | 24226166 |
| factors that influence the transmission of west nile virus in florida. | west nile virus (wnv) was first detected in north america in new york city during the late summer of 1999 and was first detected in florida in 2001. although wnv has been responsible for widespread and extensive epidemics in human populations and epizootics in domestic animals and wildlife throughout north america, comparable epidemics have never materialized in florida. here, we review some of the reasons why wnv has yet to cause an extensive outbreak in florida. the primary vector of mosquito- ... | 2015 | 26336216 |
| potential for mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) from florida to transmit rift valley fever virus. | we evaluated aedes atlanticus dyar and knab, aedes infirmatus dyar and knab, aedes vexans (meigen), anopheles crucians wiedemann, coquillettidia perturbans (walker), culex nigripalpus theobald, mansonia dyari belkin, heinemann, and page, and psorophora ferox (von humboldt) from florida to determine which of these species should be targeted for control should rift valley fever virus (rvfv) be detected in north america. female mosquitoes that had fed on adult hamsters inoculated with rvfv were inc ... | 2013 | 24180117 |
| [entomological-ecological characterization of positive cases and suspected cases of west nile virus in sancti spiritus province, cuba]. | a descriptive study on culicidae species present in the habitats of the first positive cases and suspected cases of being affected by west nile virus in cuba and the conditions of its main breeding sources was presented. the samplings were taken in a radius of 1000 meters from the houses of 2 positive cases and 19 suspected cases. sixteen culicidae species of which 6 are associated to the virus transmission in north america, mainly culex quinquefasciatus say, 1023 and culex nigripalpus theobald, ... | 2013 | 23424792 |
| mosquito populations dynamics associated with climate variations. | mosquitoes are responsible for the transmission of numerous serious pathogens. members of the aedes and culex genera, which include many important vectors of mosquito-borne diseases, are highly invasive and adapted to man-made environments. they are spread around the world involuntarily by humans and are highly adapted to urbanized environments, where they are exposed to climate-related abundance drivers. we investigated culicidae fauna in two urban parks in the city of são paulo to analyze the ... | 2017 | 27810426 |
| diversity and abundance of mosquitoes (diptera:culicidae) in an urban park: larval habitats and temporal variation. | urban parks are areas designated for human recreation but also serve as shelter and refuge for populations of several species of native fauna, both migratory and introduced. in brazil, the effect of annual climate variations on aedes aegypti and dengue epidemics in large cities like são paulo is well known, but little is known about how such variations can affect the diversity of mosquito vectors in urban parks and the risk of disease transmission by these vectors. this study investigates the in ... | 2015 | 26259817 |
| the first report of aedes (stegomyia) albopictus in haiti. | aedes albopictus was found in six of the 10 departments of haiti and in 14 of the 35 communes surveyed. the survey found the larvae of ae. albopictus in 13 different types of containers. used tires and tins were by far the most common breeding sites used by this mosquito species. at the breeding sites, ae. albopictus was associated with other mosquito species, such as aedes aegypti, culex nigripalpus and aedes mediovittatus. the highest proportion of association was with ae. aegypti. this study ... | 2012 | 22415270 |
| carbonic anhydrase in the adult mosquito midgut. | we have previously demonstrated the involvement of carbonic anhydrase (ca) in larval mosquito midgut physiology. in this study, we used hansson's histochemistry to examine the distribution of the enzyme in the midgut of aedes aegypti, aedes albopictus, culex quinquefasciatus, culex nigripalpus, ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus, anopheles albimanus and anopheles quadrimaculatus adult mosquitoes. additionally, we quantitated ca content in the anterior and posterior midgut of adult males and females fro ... | 2005 | 16109888 |
| exogenous juvenile hormone and methoprene, but not male accessory gland substances or ovariectomy, affect the blood/nectar choice of female culex nigripalpus mosquitoes. | when newly emerged females of the mosquito culex nigripalpus theobald (diptera: culicidae) take a sugar meal, they develop both a propensity to seek a host and resting-stage ovarian follicles. as follicle growth is indicative of juvenile hormone (jh) activity, we searched for possible roles of jh in the behavioural shift from nectar to blood-host odour preference by cx. nigripalpus after emergence, using an olfactometer-choice assay. topically applied or injected methoprene (a jh analogue) resul ... | 2000 | 11129701 |
| toxicity of a phenyl pyrazole insecticide, fipronil, to mosquito and chironomid midge larvae in the laboratory. | toxicity of a phenyl pyrazole insecticide, fipronil, to 4th-instar larvae of 6 species of colonized mosquitoes (aedes aegypti, ae. albopictus, ae. taeniorhynchus, anopheles quadrimaculatus, culex nigripalpus, and cx. quinquefasciatus) and 2 species of field-collected chironomid midges (chironomus crassicaudatus and glyptotendipes paripes) was evaluated in the laboratory. all mosquito species were highly susceptible with 48-h median lethal concentration (lc50) values ranging from 0.00043 ppm (ae. ... | 1998 | 9673927 |
| de novo biosynthesis of juvenile hormone iii and i by the accessory glands of the male mosquito. | the role of the male accessory glands (mag) in reproduction was investigated in the mosquito aedes aegypti. mag incubated with [14c]acetate synthesized radioactively labeled jh iii, jh iii bisepoxide and methyl farnesoate. mag incubated with l-[methyl-3h]methionine synthesized [3h]jh iii and a molecule that chromatographed on hplc with jh i. analysis of mag and whole males extract by glass capillary combined gas-chromatography-selected ion monitoring mass spectrometry identified jh iii and i as ... | 1994 | 8205141 |
| differences between the nutritional reserves of laboratory-maintained and field-collected adult mosquitoes. | individual female mosquitoes from field populations of aedes aegypti, culex nigripalpus and coquillettidia perturbans were analyzed for sugar, glycogen and lipids. controls were maintained in the laboratory for 7 to 10 days on 2% and either 10 or 20% sucrose. mosquitoes held in the laboratory had significantly more glycogen and lipid than field-collected mosquitoes of the same species. laboratory mosquitoes maintained on 10 or 20% sucrose contained more sugar than did field mosquitoes. mosquitoe ... | 1986 | 2906967 |
| determination and significance of suspended protein in wastewater. | a simple method is presented to measure the nutrient load of wastewater. suspended particles, including microorganisms, are collected on a membrane filter by vacuum filtration, followed by colorimetric protein assay. soluble proteins can be determined in the filtrate by precipitation. in domestic sewage and agricultural dairy wastewater, the largest portion of protein was retained on the membrane. young larvae of culex nigripalpus, cx. quinquefasciatus and aedes aegypti pupated when maintained i ... | 1986 | 2906966 |
| measurement of landing mosquito density on humans. | in traditional vector surveillance systems, adult mosquito density and the rate of mosquito-human host contact are estimated from the mosquito numbers captured in mechanical traps. but the design of the traps, their placement in the habitat and operating time, microclimate, and other environmental factors bias mosquito responses such that trapped mosquito numbers may be at variance with the numbers actually making human contact. as an alternative to mechanical traps, direct measurement of landin ... | 2014 | 24769003 |
| laboratory evaluation of mosquito repellents against aedes albopictus, culex nigripalpus, and ochierotatus triseriatus (diptera: culicidae). | four synthetic mosquito repellents (autan [10% kbr3023], ir3535 [7.5%], off! [15% deet], skinsations [7% deet]) and eight natural (primarily plant extracts and/or essential oils) product-based repellents (bite blocker [2% soybean oil], bygone, gone!, natrapel [10% citronella], neem aura, sunswat, mosquitosafe [25% geraniol], and repel [26% p-menthane-3,8-diol]) were tested in the laboratory against aedes albopictus skuse, culex nigripalpus theobald, and ochlerotatus triseriatus (say). when estim ... | 2004 | 15311467 |
| molecular analysis of an occlusion body protein from culex nigripalpus nucleopolyhedrovirus (cuninpv). | cun085 is an occlusion body (ob) protein from the nucleopolyhedrovirus of culex nigripalpus (cuninpv). sds-page analysis indicated that the cuninpv ob protein is about 3 times the size (approximately 90 kda) of characterized nucleopolyhedrovirus (npvs) and granulovirus ob proteins. rapid amplification of cdna ends (race), rnase protection assay, real-time pcr, and protein sequencing were used to characterize cun085 from cuninpv. race data revealed that the transcriptional start and termination s ... | 2006 | 16376931 |
| studies of the genus culex in florida ii. redescription of the fourth instar of culex nigripalpus. | the fourth instar of culex nigripalpus is described in detail and completely illustrated for the 1st time as compared with previous descriptions of the larva of cx. nigripalpus. certain important features are shown in the figure. | 2004 | 15264616 |
| [culicidae of medical-veterinary importance in natural breeding sites located in three areas of camagüey province in cuba]. | malaria is a serious public health problem at present; it affects almost half of the population from over 100 countries and poses a high risk of reintroduction in cuba. | 2013 | 23447830 |
| [application of a mermithid nematode for the control of mosquito larvae in natural conditions]. | field tests were carried out with the romanomermis culicivorax nematode (ross and smith, 1976) for the control of 3 mosquito species--anopheles albimanus (wiedeman, 1821): culex nigripalpus (theobald, 1901); and uranotaenia saphirina (oster-sacken, 1868)--in 10 natural reservoirs. the infective nematodes were disseminated in doses of 1 x 10(3) preparasites/m2 of surface area. increased infestation indices were observed with values ranging from 1.2 to 3.4; mortality percentages fluctuated between ... | 1994 | 9768247 |
| [the evaluation of the infectious capacity of the parasitic nematode romanomermis iyengari (welch, 1964) (nematoda: mermithidae) in natural mosquito larval breeding areas]. | field tests were carried out with the nematode parasite romanomermis iyengari (welch, 1964) to fight 3 species of mosquito larvae anopheles albimanus (wiedeman, 1821); culex nigripalpus (theobald, 1901); and culex quinquefasciatus (say, 1823) in three ecologically different natural mosquito reservoirs. the release of the nematode embryos (infective stage) in the above-mentioned reservoirs was carried out with a holder-planta 5 manual sprayer, at 2 atm, and an application dose of 1000 parasite em ... | 1993 | 7984816 |
| morphological and molecular evidence that culex nigripalpus baculovirus is an unusual member of the family baculoviridae. | we present evidence that a newly discovered mosquito virus from culex nigripalpus is an unusual member of the family baculoviridae: development of this virus was restricted to nuclei of midgut epithelial cells in the gastric caeca and posterior stomach. the globular occlusion bodies were not enveloped, measured around 400 nm in diameter, occurred exclusively in nuclei of infected cells and typically contained four, sometimes up to eight, virions. the developmental sequence involved two virion ph ... | 2001 | 11161265 |
| separation of fourth-instar larvae of culex nigripalpus from culex salinarius in florida using the spiracular apodeme. | the spiracular apodeme of the 4th-instar larvae of culex nigripalpus and culex salinarius is described and illustrated. the development of this structure provides an additional character for separating these 2 species. | 1999 | 10342276 |
| colonization of culex nigripalpus theobald (diptera: culicidae) by stimulation of mating using males of other mosquito species. | culex nigripalpus theobald (diptera: culicidae) was recolonized successfully by cohabiting aedes taeniorhynchus males or males of other mosquito species starting in a large outdoor cage under natural light-dark cycles and temperatures and ending in a 1-ft.3 cage under artificial light-dark cycles at 24 degrees c without added stimulation. | 1999 | 10342273 |
| [infective capacity of the parasitic nematoda romanomermis iyengari (welch, 1964) (nematoda: mermithidae) in mosquito larvae in natural conditions]. | the effectiveness of the parasitic nematoda romanomermis ivengari (welch, 1964) was proved in 3 breeding sites of anopheles albimanus (wiedman, 1821) and culex nigripalpus (theobald, 1901) and 2 spillways for 2 oxidation ponds with culex quinquefasciatus (say, 1823) larvae, in the isle of youth. the results of the experiments showed the infesting capacity of this nematoda species with 80-100% parasitism in a. albimanus and c. nigripalpus larvae, and 75-80% mortality for c. quinquefasciatus. besi ... | 1992 | 9768196 |
| efficacy of three attractant blends tested in combination with carbon dioxide against natural populations of mosquitoes and biting flies at the lower suwannee wildlife refuge. | synthetic blends of chemicals identified previously from human skin emanations were evaluated against mosquito and biting fly populations at the lower suwannee wildlife refuge near cedar key, fl. mosquito magnet-experimental traps were baited with the red (400 ml acetone: 10 ml 1-hexen-3-ol:10 ml 1-octen-3-ol), blue (400 ml acetone: 1 g/liter lactic acid:20 ml glycolic acid), or green blend (400 ml acetone:1.5 g/liter lactic acid:20 ml dimethyl disulfide) plus co2 or with co2 alone (control). a ... | 2012 | 22894125 |
| methylmercury in mosquitoes related to atmospheric mercury deposition and contamination. | a connection between loadings of inorganic hg, especially from the atmosphere, and accumulation of methylmercury (mehg) in aquatic biota has not been firmly established. mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) may be a useful indictor of hg contamination or mehg accumulation in aquatic ecosystems because they have aquatic life stages, and their ubiquitous distribution permits sampling across wide ranges of climate, biological productivity, and atmospheric hg deposition. we examined mehg in adult mosquit ... | 2005 | 15926549 |