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date palm sap linked to nipah virus outbreak in bangladesh, 2008.abstract introduction: we investigated a cluster of patients with encephalitis in the manikgonj and rajbari districts of bangladesh in february 2008 to determine the etiology and risk factors for disease. methods: we classified persons as confirmed nipah cases by the presence of immunoglobulin m antibodies against nipah virus (niv), or by the presence of niv rna or by isolation of niv from cerebrospinal fluid or throat swabs who had onset of symptoms between february 6 and march 10, 2008. we ...201121923274
a matured fruit extract of date palm tree (phoenix dactylifera l.) stimulates the cellular immune system in mice.the immunomodulatory effects of a hot water extract from matured fruit of the date palm tree (phoenix dactylifera l.) were investigated in comparison to those of prune and fig fruit in mice. the number of spleen ifn-γ(+)cd4(+), ifn-γ(+)cd49b(+) and il-12(+)cd11b(+) cells was highest in mice given the date extract-added diet. polyphenols identified in the date extract, such as chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, pelargonin and ferulic acid, stimulated ifn-γ mrna expression significantly in mouse peye ...201121936496
anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative activities of date palm pollen (phoenix dactylifera) on experimentally-induced atypical prostatic hyperplasia in rats.abstract: background: atypical prostatic hyperplasia (aph) is a pseudoneoplastic lesion that can mimic prostate adenocarcinoma because of its cytologic and architectural features. suspension of date palm pollen (dpp) is an herbal mixture that is widely used in folk medicine for male infertility. the aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of dpp suspension and extract on aph-induced rats. methods: aph was induced in adult castrated wistar rats by both s.c. injection of testosterone ( ...201122195697
evaluation of antioxidant and neuroprotective effect of date palm (phoenix dactylifera l.) against bilateral common carotid artery occlusion in rats.the cerebral ischemia in rats was induced by occluding bilateral common carotid arteries (bccao) for 30 min., followed by 45 min reperfusion. bccao caused significant depletion in superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-s-transferase, glutathione reductase and significant increase in lipid peroxidation along with severe neuronal damage in the brain. all the alterations except depletion in glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-s-transferase levels induced ...201121870431
Date fruit extract is a neuroprotective agent in diabetic peripheral neuropathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: a multimodal analysis.Background. To study the effects of an aqueous extract of date fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L. Arecaceae) diet on diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) in streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced diabetic rats. Methods. The effects of a date fruit extract (DFE) diet on diabetic neuropathy in STZ-induced diabetic rats were evaluated and compared with a nondiabetic control group, diabetic control group (sham), and vehicle group with respect to the following parameters: open field behavioral test, motor nerve conducti ...201122191015
structural and biochemical changes in salicylic-acid-treated date palm roots challenged with fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis.histochemical and ultrastructural analyses were carried out to assess structural and biochemical changes in date palm roots pretreated with salicylic acid (sa) then inoculated with fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis (foa). flavonoids, induced proteins, and peroxidase activity were revealed in root tissues of sa-treated plants after challenge by foa. these reactions were closely associated with plant resistance to foa. host reactions induced after inoculation of sa-treated plants with foa includ ...201122567327
use of infrared camera to understand bats' access to date palm sap: implications for preventing nipah virus transmission.pteropus bats are commonly infected with nipah virus, but show no signs of illness. human nipah outbreaks in bangladesh coincide with the date palm sap harvesting season. in epidemiologic studies, drinking raw date palm sap is a risk factor for human nipah infection. we conducted a study to evaluate bats' access to date palm sap. we mounted infrared cameras that silently captured images upon detection of motion on date palm trees from 5:00 pm to 6:00 am. additionally, we placed two locally used ...201121207105
the nature of melon allergy in ragweed-allergic subjects: a study of 1000 patients.previous studies suggest cross-reactivity between specific ragweed pollen and melon allergens. this study was designed to clarify the origin of the cross-reactivity between ragweed pollen and the gourd family. one thousand ragweed-allergic subjects were interviewed about the presence of oral allergy syndrome (oas) induced by melon or watermelon and were divided into reactive to =3 seasonal allergen sources or >3 seasonal allergen sources. patients reporting melon and/or watermelon allergy underw ...201121262100
protective effect of date palm fruit extract (phoenix dactylifera l.) on dimethoate induced-oxidative stress in rat liver.nowadays, people's exposure to chemical compounds such as organophosphorus insecticides is continuously on the rise more and more. theses compounds have induced an excessive production of free radicals which are responsible for several cell alterations in the organism. recent investigations have proved the crucial role of nutritional antioxidants to prevent the damage caused by toxic compounds. in this study, we investigate the role of date palm fruit extract (phoenix dactylifera l.) in protecti ...201120359872
performance evaluation of three different types of local evaporative cooling pads in greenhouses in sudan.this study was conducted in date palm technology company limited, shambat, khartoum state. to evaluate performance of three types of evaporative cooling pads for greenhouses (celdek pads, straw pads and sliced wood pads), as compared to the conditions outside the greenhouses (control), for pads. performance evaluation includes environmental parameters (temperature and relative humidity at 8 am, 1 pm and 6 pm) and crop parameters (length and stem diameter, leaves number and width, fruit length an ...201123961103
divergent expression patterns of mir164 and cup-shaped cotyledon genes in palms and other monocots: implication for the evolution of meristem function in angiosperms.in order to understand how the morphology of plant species has diversified over time, it is necessary to decipher how the underlying developmental programs have evolved. the regulatory network controlling shoot meristem activity is likely to have played an important role in morphological diversification and useful insights can be gained by comparing monocots and eudicots. these two distinct monophyletic groups of angiosperms diverged 130 ma and are characterized by important differences in their ...201121135149
assessing molecular signature for some potential date (phoenix dactylifera l.) cultivars from saudi arabia, based on chloroplast dna sequences rpob and psba-trnh.phoenix dactylifera l. (date palm), being economically very important, is widely cultivated in the middle east and north africa, having about 400 different cultivars. assessment of date cultivars under trading and farming is a widely accepted problem owing to lack of a unique molecular signature for specific date cultivars. in the present study, eight different cultivars of dates viz., khodry, khalas, ruthana, sukkari, sefri, segae, ajwa and hilali were sequenced for rpob and psba-trnh genes and ...201122072924
nitrate removal using different carbon substrates in a laboratory model.agricultural fields have been frequently identified as major contributors of nitrate leaching into surface and ground waters. tile drains can act as direct pathways, transferring leached nitrate to surface water. bioreactor filters are useful for the removal of nitrate from drainage waters; however, these filters require an external carbon supply to sustain denitrification. in this study, four organic carbon sources including wood, barley straw, rice husks, and date palm leaf, were used to enhan ...201122049767
rosaceae-associated exercise-induced anaphylaxis with positive spt and negative ige reactivity to pru p 3.food-dependent-exercise-induced anaphylaxis (fdeia) is characterized by anaphylactic symptoms after exercise following ingestion of food. we present a case of fdeia induced by rosacee fruits showing some diagnostic problems.201121980800
somatic embryogenesis, scanning electron microscopy, histology and biochemical analysis at different developing stages of embryogenesis in six date palm (phoenix dactylifera l.) cultivars.an efficient somatic embryogenesis system has been established in six date palm (phoenix dactylifera l.) cultivars (barhee, zardai, khalasah, muzati, shishi and zart). somatic embryogenesis (se) was growth regulators and cultivars dependent. friable embryogenic callus was induced from excised shoot tips on ms medium supplemented with various auxins particularly 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d, 1.5 mg 1(-l)). suspension culture increased embryogenesis potentiality. only a-naphthaleneacetic ...201123961149
multidetector ct for thorn (wooden) foreign bodies of the knee.thorn (wooden) foreign bodies of the knee present a challenge in their diagnosis. partly because of inaccurate history and sometimes a long duration of symptoms, radiographs are negative and mri may show synovitis without a specific pathology.201120953763
comparative demography of the spider mite, oligonychus afrasiaticus, on four date palm varieties in southwestern tunisia.the date palm mite, oligonychus afrasiaticus (mcgregor) (acari: tetranychidae), is a serious pest of palm date fruits. life cycle, fecundity, and longevity of this mite were studied on fruits of four date palms, phoenix dactylifera l. (arecales: arecaceae)(varieties: deglet noor, alig, kentichi, and besser), under laboratory conditions at 27 = 1 °c, 60 ± 10% rh. total development time of immature female was shorter on deglet noor fruits than on the other cultivars. o. afrasiaticus on deglet noor ...201122233420
prevalence of sensitization to lipid transfer proteins and profilins in a population of 430 patients in the south of madrid.lipid transfer proteins (ltps) and profilins are the most important panallergens in the management of patients who are allergic to pollen and plant food in our area. ltps are highly stable proteins that can induce systemic symptoms after ingestion. profilins are labile proteins that are present in pollens and vegetables. considered markers of several types of pollen sensitization, they are responsible for cross-reactivity between pollens and vegetables. the objective of this study was to assess ...201121721373
purification and characterization of membrane-bound peroxidase from date palm leaves (phoenix dactylifera l.).peroxidase from date palm (phoenix dactylifera l.) leaves was purified to homogeneity and characterized biochemically. the enzyme purification included homogenization, extraction of pigments followed by consecutive chromatographies on deae-sepharose and superdex 200. the purification factor for purified date palm peroxidase was 17 with 5.8% yield. the purity was checked by sds and native page, which showed a single prominent band. the molecular weight of the enzyme was approximately 55 kda as es ...201123961138
effects of riyadh cement industry pollutions on some physiological and morphological factors of datura innoxia mill. plant.cement factory emissions into air cause serious air pollution and affect the plant and animal life in the environment. herein, we report the effects of cement industry emissions (o3, so2 and no2) in air, as pollutants, at riyadh city on datura innoxia mill. plant. morphological characters including plant height, leaves area and number, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root systems of d. innoxia showed a significant reduction from their normal control plants as a response to exposure to pollutan ...201123961129
comparative transcriptome and metabolite analysis of oil palm and date palm mesocarp that differ dramatically in carbon partitioning.oil palm can accumulate up to 90% oil in its mesocarp, the highest level observed in the plant kingdom. in contrast, the closely related date palm accumulates almost exclusively sugars. to gain insight into the mechanisms that lead to such an extreme difference in carbon partitioning, the transcriptome and metabolite content of oil palm and date palm were compared during mesocarp development. compared with date palm, the high oil content in oil palm was associated with much higher transcript lev ...201121709233
multiple bud cultures of 'barhee' date palm (phoenix dactylifera) and physiological status of regenerated plants.adventitious bud clusters of date palm 'barhee' were successfully established from juvenile leaves (<1cm) using reduced amounts of 2,4-d (0.2mgl(-1)) to limit the risk of somaclonal variation. an average of 8.4 adventitious buds per explant were obtained. histological examination showed that the superficial cell layers of leaves had the highest caulogenic capacity. high sucrose concentration (70gl(-1)) was used for the conversion of initial buds to multiple bud clusters. the promoting effect of ...201121641674
de novo genome sequencing and comparative genomics of date palm (phoenix dactylifera).date palm is one of the most economically important woody crops cultivated in the middle east and north africa and is a good candidate for improving agricultural yields in arid environments. nonetheless, long generation times (5-8 years) and dioecy (separate male and female trees) have complicated its cultivation and genetic analysis. to address these issues, we assembled a draft genome for a khalas variety female date palm, the first publicly available resource of its type for a member of the o ...201121623354
nutritional quality of 18 date fruit varieties.the aim of the present study was to analyze and compare the chemical and physical properties of 18 varieties of the date fruits from date palm (phoenix dactylifera), which are regarded as popular fruit commodities among the populace of the middle eastern peninsula. dietary fiber, proximate analysis, micronutrients (micro-elements and macro-elements) and physical properties (weight, length, and density) of the selected 18 leading varieties of dates cultivated in the united arab emirates-namely kh ...201121495898
determination of heavy metals in the fruit of date palm growing at different locations of riyadh.exposure of heavy metals to human beings has risen dramatically in the last 50 years. in today's urban and industrial society, there is no escaping from exposure to toxic chemicals and heavy metals. humans are more likely to be exposed to heavy metal contamination from the dust that adheres to edible plants than from bioaccumulation. this is because it is very difficult to wash off all the dust particles from the plant material before ingesting them. the objectives of this experiment were to det ...201123961121
date palm (phoenix dactylifera l.) leaves as biomonitors of atmospheric metal pollution in arid and semi-arid environments.the leaves of date palms were evaluated as a possible biomonitor of heavy metal contamination in ma'an city, jordan. concentrations of (fe), (pb), (zn), (cu), (ni), and (cr) were determined in washed and unwashed leaves and soil samples collected from different sites with different degrees of metal contamination (urban, suburban, industrial, highway and rural sites); separate leaves were taken from outside the city to be used as a control sample. samples collected from industrial sites were foun ...201121421278
the mn-binding proteins of the photosystem ii oxygen-evolving complex are decreased in date palms affected by brittle leaf disease.brittle leaf disease or maladie des feuilles cassantes (mfc) is a disorder affecting date palms (phoenix dactylifera l.) which after a long declining process eventually leads to the death of the plant. no causal agent for the disease has been found so far but leaflets of affected palms are mn-deficient despite the existence of adequate exchangeable mn in the soils in which affected palms grow. the disease is specifically associated with an increase in a series of chloroplastic rnas. a proteomic ...201121371899
clinical profile of a mediterranean population sensitised to date palm pollen (phoenix dactylifera). a retrospective study.date palm pollen allergy is frequently associated with polysensitisation. observational studies have suggested that date-palm-sensitised individuals could be included in a distinct group of polysensitised patients. the objectives of the study were to analyse the clinical characteristics of a group of patients diagnosed of date-palm pollen allergy and to compare them with pollen allergic patients without date-palm sensitisation.201121354689
the effect of late pregnancy consumption of date fruit on labour and delivery.we set out to investigate the effect of date fruit (phoenix dactylifera) consumption on labour parameters and delivery outcomes. between 1 february 2007 and 31 january 2008 at jordan university of science and technology, a prospective study was carried out on 69 women who consumed six date fruits per day for 4 weeks prior to their estimated date of delivery, compared with 45 women who consumed none. there was no significant difference in gestational age, age and parity between the two groups. th ...201121280989
new microsatellite markers for assessment of genetic diversity in date palm (phoenix dactylifera l.).new primer pairs of genomic dna microsatellite markers were tested to assess the genetic diversity of eleven date palm genotypes. the results indicated that out of thirty, only seven primers (23.3%) failed to amplify the expected pcr fragments, while thirteen primers (43.3%) amplified monomorphic banding patterns and the remaining ten primers (33.4%) generated polymorphic banding patterns. a total of 77 alleles have been observed with a mean of 7.7 alleles per locus. the average of gene diversit ...201122582150
adjusting homestead feeding to requirements and nutrient intake of grazing goats on semi-arid, subtropical highland pastures.intensive livestock grazing can largely deplete the natural fodder resources in semi-arid, subtropical highlands and together with the low nutritional quality of the pasture vegetation limit the growth and production of grazing animals. to evaluate the contribution of homestead feeding of grazing goats to rangeland conservation and animal nutrition, two researcher-managed on-farm trials were conducted in a mountain oasis of northern oman. goats' feed intake on pasture in response to four rations ...201122445414
dietary fiber from tunisian common date cultivars (phoenix dactylifera l.): chemical composition, functional properties, and antioxidant capacity.the dietary fibers (df) of 10 date varieties from tunisian oases have been investigated. further knowledge on the content, composition, and technological applications of those fibers could support their genetic variability and promote the socioeconomical development of growing areas. the composition, water- and oil-holding capacities, solubility, and antiradical activity have been determined. the df content ranged from 4.7% (matteta, rochdi) to >7% (deglé nour, garen gaze, smeti). composition va ...201222443221
high-throughput sequencing-based gene profiling on multi-staged fruit development of date palm (phoenix dactylifera, l.).date palm provides both staple food and gardening for the middle east and north african countries for thousands of years. its fruits have diversified significantly, such as nutritional content, size, length, weight color, and ripping process. dates palm represent an excellent model system for the study of fruit development and diversity of fruit-bearing palm species that produce the most versatile fruit types as compared to other plant families. using roche/454 gs flx instrument, we acquired 7.6 ...201222351158
in vitro study on influence of some streptomyces strains isolated from date palm rhizosphere soil on some toxigenic fungi.date palm (phoenix dactylifera l.) is considered the main crop in deserts and arid areas such as saudi arabia. five streptomyces species and other fungal species were isolated from date palm rhizosphere soil of several cultivars, such as barhi, khalas, sullaj, and sukkari, in the ghat and el-gouf regions. streptomyces strains were isolated on biolog universal growth agar medium and were identified following biolog methods. the predominant streptomyces isolated from this present survey was s. pli ...201222571643
the date palm (phoenix dactylifera l.) micropropagation using completely mature female flowers.this study describes an efficient and reproducible protocol for in vitro date palm propagation using mature female flowers. it focuses on the promising proliferation capacity exhibited by a number of female flower tissues taken at the final developmental stage. this capacity resided in the ability to preserve minuscule zones in a juvenile state located at the floral organ armpits (sepals and petals). the originality of this method lies in the possibility of propagation of very rare varieties, pa ...201222464427
immunological markers in allergic rhinitis patients treated with date palm immunotherapy.allergic rhinitis (ar) is regulated by the local production and release of several cytokines. allergen specific immunotherapy (it) has been widely used for many years as a specific treatment of allergic diseases. this study aimed to investigate the changes in clinical and immunological markers before and after phoenix dactylifera it in ar patients.201222456954
estimating sap flux densities in date palm trees using the heat dissipation method and weighing lysimeters.in a world of diminishing water reservoirs and a rising demand for food, the practice and development of water stress indicators and sensors are in rapid progress. the heat dissipation method, originally established by granier, is herein applied and modified to enable sap flow measurements in date palm trees in the southern arava desert of israel. a long and tough sensor was constructed to withstand insertion into the date palm's hard exterior stem. this stem is wide and fibrous, surrounded by a ...201222887479
testing the effects of an introduced palm on a riparian invertebrate community in southern california.despite the iconic association of palms with semi-arid regions, most are introduced and can invade natural areas. along the san diego river (san diego, california, usa), the introduced canary island date palm (phoenix canariensis) forms dense patches among native riparian shrubs like arroyo willow (salix lasiolepis). the structural differences between the palm and native shrubs are visually obvious, but little is known about palm's effects on the ecosystem. we tested for the effects of the palm ...201222879991
proteomics analysis of date palm leaves affected at three characteristic stages of brittle leaf disease.proteomics analysis has been performed in leaf tissue from field date palm trees showing the brittle leaf disease (bld) or maladie des feuilles cassantes, the main causal agent of the date palm decline in south tunisia. to study the evolution of the disease, proteins from healthy and affected leaves taken at three disease stages (s1, s2 and s3) were trichloroacetic acid acetone extracted and subjected to two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (5-8 ph range). statistical analysis showed that the pro ...201222843243
allergy to kiwi: is component-resolved diagnosis in routine clinical practice really impossible?kiwi allergy is frequent and can be the result of sensitization to a number of allergens showing different physicochemical characteristics. component-resolved diagnosis of kiwi allergy is still unavailable in routine clinical practice.201222768722
large-scale collection and annotation of gene models for date palm (phoenix dactylifera, l.).the date palm (phoenix dactylifera l.), famed for its sugar-rich fruits (dates) and cultivated by humans since 4,000 b.c., is an economically important crop in the middle east, northern africa, and increasingly other places where climates are suitable. despite a long history of human cultivation, the understanding of p. dactylifera genetics and molecular biology are rather limited, hindered by lack of basic data in high quality from genomics and transcriptomics. here we report a large-scale effo ...201222736259
a rare cause of gastrointestinal phytobezoars: diospyros lotus.diospyros lotus ("wild date palm of trabzon or persimmon"), which has been proven to cause phytobezoars, is a widely consumed fruit in the black sea and northeast anatolia regions of turkey. the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of diospyros lotus together with other predisposing factors, on the development of gastrointestinal phytobezoars and to discuss the treatment results in comparison to the literature.201222721161
pyrolysis and combustion kinetics of date palm biomass using thermogravimetric analysis.the present research work is probably the first attempt to focus on the kinetics of pyrolysis and combustion process for date palm biomass wastes like seed, leaf and leaf stem by using thermogravimetric analysis (tga) technique. the physical properties of biomass wastes were also examined. proximate and ultimate analysis of the date palm biomass was investigated. ft-ir analysis was conducted to determine possible chemical functional groups in the biomass. results showed that date palm seed and l ...201222705960
a complete sequence and transcriptomic analyses of date palm (phoenix dactylifera l.) mitochondrial genome.based on next-generation sequencing data, we assembled the mitochondrial (mt) genome of date palm (phoenix dactylifera l.) into a circular molecule of 715,001 bp in length. the mt genome of p. dactylifera encodes 38 proteins, 30 trnas, and 3 ribosomal rnas, which constitute a gene content of 6.5% (46,770 bp) over the full length. the rest, 93.5% of the genome sequence, is comprised of cp (chloroplast)-derived (10.3% with respect to the whole genome length) and non-coding sequences. in the non-co ...201222655034
influence of growth regulators on callogenesis and somatic embryo development in date palm (phoenix dactylifera l.) sahelian cultivars.this study provides a physiological analysis of somatic embryogenesis in four elite cultivars of date palms: ahmar, amsekhsi, tijib, and amaside, from the initial callogenesis to establishment and proliferation of embryogenic suspension cultures. somatic embryos development and in vitro plants rooting were also studied. for each step, auxins and cytokinins concentrations were optimised. the primary callogenesis from leaf explants of seedlings appeared highly dependent on genotype. ahmar (80%) an ...201222629211
use of light traps and differing light color to investigate seasonal abundance of the date palm pest, oryctes agamemnon arabicus (coleoptera: scarabaeidae).oryctes agamemnon arabicus (fairmaire) (coleoptera: scarabaeidae) is a date palm insect pest that causes damage to trunk and roots and can damage grass lawns in the united arab emirates (uae) and other countries such as oman, saudi arabia, and tunisia. the goal of this study was to monitor population dynamics and to evaluate six light colors (white, green, red, yellow, blue, and infrared) and two lamp types (mercury and energy-saving) in light traps. experiments were performed on a date palm far ...201223356071
identification and characterization of gene-based ssr markers in date palm (phoenix dactylifera l.).date palm (phoenix dactylifera l.) is an important tree in the middle east and north africa due to the nutritional value of its fruit. molecular breeding would accelerate genetic improvement of fruit tree through marker assisted selection. however, the lack of molecular markers in date palm restricts the application of molecular breeding.201223241238
a new megastigmane glycoside, phoenixoside a, from phoenix dactylifera.a new megastigmane glycoside, phoenixoside a (1), has been isolated from the n-butanol--soluble fraction of seeds of phoenix dactylifera. the structure was characterized as (6s,7z,9r)-hydroxy-3-oxo-ionol-9-o-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-(1" --> 6')-beta-d-glucopyranoside on the basis of 1d and 2d nmr spectroscopy, high-resolution mass spectrometry, and cd spectroscopy.201222428228
the culturable bacterial community of frass produced by larvae of rhynchophorus ferrugineus olivier (coleoptera: curculionidae) in the canary island date palm.larvae of the red palm weevil (rpw) rhynchophorus ferrugineus olivier (coleoptera: curculionidae) feed inside palm stem tissues, making galleries and producing a wet fermenting frass. we characterized the culturable bacteria associated with frass produced by tunnelling larvae inside the canary island date palms and investigated the role of frass and gut bacteria in plant polymers breakdown.201222404299
processing and utilization of palm date fruits for edible applications.the date palm tree (phoenix dactylifra l., family: palmaceae) is perhaps the oldest and most important fruit crop in the middle east and north africa. from this region, the tree spread to other parts of the world and is cultivated in some parts of usa. about 6-7 million tons of date fruits, belonging to a large variety of cultivars with different characteristics, are produced annually. the date fruit is mainly composed of sugars (invert sugars and/or sucrose) and fiber and, as such, can find a w ...201222360635
osteitis of the fourth metatarsal caused by a date palm thorn in a child: why the dorsum of the foot is the most commonly injured site.the palms are frequent in the region of eastern morocco. an insidious onset of a lytic lesion in the base of the fourth metatarsal caused by a date palm thorn in a 20-year-old patient is presented. an untreated embedded thorn can cause late complications, including periostitis or osteomyelitis. in most cases, removal of the foreign body is easy, and no surgical care is needed. if detected, these injuries can be treated without complications. in children, however, the diagnosis can be very easily ...201223158504
phylogenetic analysis of microbial communities in different regions of the gastrointestinal tract in panaque nigrolineatus, a wood-eating fish.the neotropical detritivorous catfish panaque nigrolineatus imbibes large quantities of wood as part of its diet. due to the interest in cellulose, hemi-cellulose and lignin degradation pathways, this organism provides an interesting model system for the detection of novel microbial catabolism. in this study, we characterize the microbial community present in different regions of the alimentary tract of p. nigrolineatus fed a mixed diet of date palm and palm wood in laboratory aquaria. analysis ...201223133540
anti-allergic properties of a matured fruit extract of the date palm tree (phoenix dactylifera l.) in mite-sensitized mice.the effects of oral ingestion of a hot water extract of matured fruit of the date palm tree (phoenix dactylifera l.) on allergic responses were investigated in mite-sensitized mice. sneezing and nose rubbing events in mice given a date extract-added diet were significantly lower than in those given an extract-free (control) diet. the serum total and mite antigen-specific immunoglobulin (ig) e levels, and the number of spleen interleukin-4(+)cd4(+), ige(+)b220(+) and fcεriα(+)cd117(+) cells was s ...201223132311
climate change impacts on the future distribution of date palms: a modeling exercise using climex.climate is changing and, as a consequence, some areas that are climatically suitable for date palm (phoenix dactylifera l.) cultivation at the present time will become unsuitable in the future. in contrast, some areas that are unsuitable under the current climate will become suitable in the future. consequently, countries that are dependent on date fruit export will experience economic decline, while other countries' economies could improve. knowledge of the likely potential distribution of this ...201223110162
effects of the ripening stage on phenolic profile, phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of date palm fruit.four cultivars (gondi, gasbi, khalt dhahbi, and rtob ahmar) of tunisian date palm (phoenix dactylifera l.) fruits at 3 maturation stages, besser, rutab and tamr, were analyzed for their antioxidant activities (aa) using 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals cation, and reducing power (rp) methods. the total phenolic (tpc), total flavonoid (tfc), and condensed tannins (ctc) contents were measured. results showed that all samples have th ...201223072597
a sustainable approach to controlling oil spills.as a result of the huge economic and environmental destruction from oil spills, studies have been directed at improving and deploying natural sorbents which are not only the least expensive but also the safest means of spill control. this research reviews the limitations and environmental impact of existing cleanup methods. it also justifies the need for concerted research effort on oil spill control using natural and sustainable technology concepts. the article proposes future guidelines for th ...201223037316
enzyme activity and biochemical changes of three date palm cultivars with different softening pattern during ripening.the physicochemical composition changes during palm ripening were studied. the activities of invertase and cell wall-modifying enzymes, namely pectin methylesterase (pme), β-galactosidase (β-gal), endo-1,4-β-d-glucanase (egase), and cellulase were monitored during growth and ripening of shahani, piarom and deiry cultivars with different textures. also, we estimated the concentrations of six organic acids by hplc. reducing sugars, most of organic acid, ph and tss increased up to the full-ripe sta ...201225005944
composition and diversity of weed communities in al-jouf province, northern saudi arabia.the aim of this study was to identify the main weed communities in al-jouf province in northern saudi arabia. moreover, the composition and diversity of these communities were studied in relation to soil variables and crop type. some 54 stands representing olive orchards, date palm orchards, wheat crop and watermelon crop were studied, using ten quadrats (1 × 1 m) per stand. a total of 71 species belonging to 22 families and 61 genera were observed. the classification of vegetation using the two ...201223961198
profilin as an aeroallergen by means of conjunctival allergen challenge with purified date palm profilin.the role of profilin as a food allergen is well established, but little research has been done about its ability to elicit respiratory disease. profilin is considered more of a confounding allergen on skin testing with whole pollen extracts than other airborne allergens. our aim was to find out whether or not profilin can cause symptoms in sensitized individuals, which would be compatible with its role as an airborne allergen.201222269607
date fruits (phoenix dactylifera linn): an emerging medicinal food.date palm is one of the oldest trees cultivated by man. in the folk-lore, date fruits have been ascribed to have many medicinal properties when consumed either alone or in combination with other herbs. although, fruit of the date palm served as the staple food for millions of people around the world for several centuries, studies on the health benefits are inadequate and hardly recognized as a healthy food by the health professionals and the public. in recent years, an explosion of interest in t ...201222214443
ciprofloxacin adsorption from aqueous solution onto chemically prepared carbon from date palm leaflets.a chemically prepared carbon was synthesized from date palm leaflets via sulphuric acid carbonization at 160 degrees c. adsorption of ciprofloxacin (cip) from aqueous solution was investigated in terms of time, ph, concentration, temperature and adsorbent status (wet and dry). the equilibrium time was found to be 48 hr. the adsorption rate was enhanced by raising the temperature for both adsorbents, with adsorption data fitting a pseudo second-order model well. the activation energy, ea, was fou ...201223520864
the use of date palm as a potential adsorbent for wastewater treatment: a review.in tropical countries, the palm tree is one of the most abundant and important trees. date palm is a principal fruit grown in many regions of the world. it is abundant, locally available and effective material that could be used as an adsorbent for the removal of different pollutants from aqueous solution.201222207239
dna-based assays to distinguish date palm (arecaceae) gender.date palm (phoenix dactylifera) is one of the oldest cultivated trees and is critical to the development of arid land. the date palm is a dioecious monocot with separate male and female trees. this presents a challenge in development as it is impossible to distinguish trees until they flower approximately five to eight years after planting.201222203652
brittle leaf disease induces an oxidative stress and decreases the expression of manganese-related genes in date palm (phoenix dactylifera l.).in tunisia, date orchards are being decimated by a disease called brittle leaf disease of unknown origin. previous studies reported that affected soils, roots and leaves were manganese deficient. in this study, we investigated the biochemical and molecular response of mfc-affected date palms to the oxidative stress generated by manganese deficiency. both the malondialdehyde (mda) content which is indicative of lipid peroxidation and the activities of antioxidant enzyme were measured in affected ...201222099513
physical and chemical properties, antioxidant activity, total phenol and mineral profile of seeds of seven different date fruit (phoenix dactylifera l.) varieties.the physical and chemical properties of the date (phoenix dactylifera l.) fruit seeds from seven date samples (soukari, soulag, barhi, khulas, rozaiz, soughi and monaif) were evaluated. energy values of dried and ground seeds were found between 4340 kcal/kg (barhi cv) and 4795 kcal/kg (rozaiz cv). also, while crude oil content of seeds were established between 4.68% (khulas cv) and 7.96% (monaif cv), crude protein contents were found at the levels between 3.71% (soulag cv) and 5.47% (barhi cv). ...201221762027
use of two bacteria for biological control of bayoud disease caused by fusarium oxysporum in date palm (phoenix dactylifera l) seedlings.the bayoud, caused by fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis (foa), is the most destructive disease of date palm (phoenix dactylifera l) in morocco and algeria, with no effective control strategy yet available. in this work, two bacteria, bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain ag1 (ag) and burkholderia cepacia strain cs5 (cs), were examined for their potential to control this disease. both bacterial strains inhibited both growth and sporulation of foa. they released compounds into the culture medium, wh ...201222480991
molecular characterization of syrian date palm cultivars using plasmid-like dna markers.date palm (phoenix dactylifera l.) is one of the most important domesticated fruit trees in the near east and north african countries. this tree has been, for several decades, in serious threat of being completely destroyed by the "bayoud" disease caused by fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis. in this study, 18 syrian date palm cultivars and four male trees were analyzed according to the identity of mitochondrial plasmid-like dnas. a pcr strategy that employs plasmid-like dnas-specific primer pa ...201222568006
effect of bait quantity and trap color on the trapping efficacy of the pheromone trap for the red palm weevil, rhynchophorus ferrugineus.the red palm weevil, rhynchophorus ferrugineus (olivier) (curculionidae: coleoptera), is not native to the united arab emirates (uae). since its arrival in 1985, it has been causing major damage to date palm trees. a primary control strategy has been the use of pheromone baited traps. the objectives of this study were to determine the quantity of bait, and the best trap color, to obtain the maximum catch of r. ferrugineus under field conditions in the uae. traps with 100, 300, or 500 g of dates ...201223451836
in vivo comparative studies on antigenotoxicity of date palm (phoenix dactylifera l.) pits extract against dna damage induced by n-nitroso-n-methylurea in mice.aqueous extract of the date palm (phoenix dactylifera l.) pits was prepared and its antigenotoxic activity was evaluated against n-nitroso-n-methylurea (nmu) induced mutagenic effect in mice, using chromosome aberration (ca), micronuclei (mn) and dna fragmentation assays as experimental end points in male mice. date pits extract (dpe) was given orally to mice at the dose 25 mg/25 g mouse for successive five days in a week up to four consecutive weeks. nmu was used as mutagen and was given intrap ...201223293467
mycobiota and mycotoxins (aflatoxins and ochratoxin) associated with some saudi date palm fruits.this study aimed to determine the mycological profile of the retail date fruits distributed in different markets at taif, saudi arabia. the presence of aflatoxins and ochratoxin a was also measured. twenty-two fungal species belonging to 12 genera were isolated from 50 different date samples. aspergillus flavus, a. niger, penicillium chrysogenum, and rhizopus stolonifer were the most prevalent species among isolated fungi. eighty isolates of a. flavus and 36 of a. niger were detected for their a ...201222568750
the potential role of phoenix dactylifera on eimeria papillata-induced infection in mice.coccidiosis is a common infectious disease in poultry causing major economic losses. here, we investigated the effect of khodary date fruit aqueous extract (4 ml/kg) on the outcome of coccidiosis caused by eimeria papillata in swiss albino mice. date fruit extract was able to decrease the intracellular development by lowering the faecal output of e. papillata oocysts from 8.7 ± 0.5 × 10(3) to 6.6 ± 0.4 × 10(3) oocysts per gram faeces. also, date extract caused a great diminish in body weight of ...201222411635
epidemiology of henipavirus disease in humans.all seven recognized human cases of hendra virus (hev) infection have occurred in queensland, australia. recognized human infections have all resulted from a hev infected horse that was unusually efficient in transmitting the virus and a person with a high exposure to infectious secretions. in the large outbreak in malaysia where nipah virus (niv) was first identified, most human infections resulted from close contact with niv infected pigs. outbreak investigations in bangladesh have identified ...201222752412
a randomized controlled trial of interventions to impede date palm sap contamination by bats to prevent nipah virus transmission in bangladesh.drinking raw date palm sap is a risk factor for human nipah virus (niv) infection. fruit bats, the natural reservoir of niv, commonly contaminate raw sap with saliva by licking date palm's sap producing surface. we evaluated four types of physical barriers that may prevent bats from contacting sap.201222905160
characterization of the chloroplast genome sequence of oil palm (elaeis guineensis jacq.).oil palm (elaeis guineensis jacq.) is an economically important crop, which is grown for oil production. to better understand the molecular basis of oil palm chloroplasts, we characterized the complete chloroplast (cp) genome sequence obtained from 454 pyrosequencing. the oil palm cp genome is 156,973 bp in length consisting of a large single-copy region of 85,192 bp flanked on each side by inverted repeats of 27,071 bp with a small single-copy region of 17,639 bp joining the repeats. the genome ...201222487870
the large carpenter bees of central saudi arabia, with notes on the biology of xylocopa sulcatipes maa (hymenoptera, apidae, xylocopinae).the large carpenter bees (xylocopinae, xylocopa latreille) occurring in central saudi arabia are reviewed. two species are recognized in the fauna, xylocopa (koptortosoma) aestuans (linnaeus) and xylocopa (ctenoxylocopa) sulcatipes maa. diagnoses for and keys to the species of these prominent components of the central saudi arabian bee fauna are provided to aid their identification by pollination researchers active in the region. females and males of both species are figured and biological notes ...201222768000
interactions between phoretic mites and the arabian rhinoceros beetle, oryctes agamemnon arabicus.oryctes agamemnon arabicus (coleoptera: scarabaeidae) is one of the main pests on date palm trees in the united arab emirates (uae). two mite species were found associated with this beetle: sancassania sp. (acari: astigmata: acaridae) and hypoaspis rhinocerotis oudemans (acari: mesostigmata: laelapidae). sancassania deutonymphs (hypopi) were phoretic on o. a. arabicus adults and larvae. however, they were also necromenic, because once the host dies they feed on its carcass. the highest deutonymp ...201223448160
use of mixture design to construct a consortium of date palm (phoenix dactylifera l.) fruit extract and potentially probiotic bacillus strain to confer protection against vibriosis in artemia culture.to find a biological control treatment applicable to shrimp hatcheries, the influence of the dietary administration of a consortium of two date palm (phoenix dactylifera l.) fruit extracts and potentially probiotic bacillus strain on artemia culture was studied. challenge tests were performed with virulent vibrio alginolyticus to assess the protective effects of deglet nour and degla fruit extracts alone or in conjunction with potentially probiotic bacillus strain.201323893402
whole genome duplication events in plant evolution reconstructed and predicted using myosin motor proteins.the evolution of land plants is characterized by whole genome duplications (wgd), which drove species diversification and evolutionary novelties. detecting these events is especially difficult if they date back to the origin of the plant kingdom. established methods for reconstructing wgds include intra- and inter-genome comparisons, ks age distribution analyses, and phylogenetic tree constructions.201324053117
characterization and determination of lignin in different types of iraqi phoenix date palm pruning woods.this study aimed to find analytical data base for iraqi phoenix date palm pruning woods, which produced by pruning process at the season of date palm production. lignin has been extracted and purified for five types of iraqi date palm using klason lignin method. the weight of the extracted lignin ranged from 0.410 g to 0.720 g, and the lignin % ranged from 17.6 to 36. the other ingredients (waxes, oils, resin, and proteins of wood gums) % ranged from 20 to 29.5. ft-ir characterization showed tha ...201323811162
phoenix dactylifera l. spathe essential oil: chemical composition and repellent activity against the yellow fever mosquito.date palm, phoenix dactylifera l. (arecaceae), grows commonly in the arabian peninsula and is traditionally used to treat various diseases. the aim of the present study was to identify chemical composition of the essential oil and to investigate the repellent activity. the essential oil of p. dactylifera was obtained by hydrodistillation from the spathe, a specialized leaf structure that surrounds the pollinating organs of the palm. the oil was subsequently analyzed by gc-fid and gc-ms. the oil ...201323948523
nipah virus infection outbreak with nosocomial and corpse-to-human transmission, bangladesh.active nipah virus encephalitis surveillance identified an encephalitis cluster and sporadic cases in faridpur, bangladesh, in january 2010. we identified 16 case-patients; 14 of these patients died. for 1 case-patient, the only known exposure was hugging a deceased patient with a probable case, while another case-patient's exposure involved preparing the same corpse for burial by removing oral secretions and anogenital excreta with a cloth and bare hands. among 7 persons with confirmed sporadic ...201323347678
the importance of acacia trees for insectivorous bats and arthropods in the arava desert.anthropogenic habitat modification often has a profound negative impact on the flora and fauna of an ecosystem. in parts of the middle east, ephemeral rivers (wadis) are characterised by stands of acacia trees. green, flourishing assemblages of these trees are in decline in several countries, most likely due to human-induced water stress and habitat changes. we examined the importance of healthy acacia stands for bats and their arthropod prey in comparison to other natural and artificial habitat ...201323441145
medicinal uses of honey (quranic medicine) and its bee flora from dera ismail khan district, kpk, pakistan.this study was carried out during 2005-2008 to identify existing plant species visited by workers of honeybees for nectar and pollen collection in dera ismail khan (d.i.khan) district, pakistan. the honeybee species investigated in the area were, rock bee (apis dorsata f.), little bee (a. florea f.) and european honeybee (a. mellifera l.). a detailed list of 86 plant species both wild and cultivated was prepared, out of which 12 species, phulai (acacia modesta wall.), sarsoon (brassica campestri ...201323455201
occupational lung diseases among soldiers deployed to iraq and afghanistan.military personnel deployed to iraq and afghanistan, from 2004 to the present, has served in a setting of unique environmental conditions. among these are exposures to burning trash in open air "burn pits" lit on fire with jet fuel jp-8. depending on trash burned--water bottles, styrofoam trays, medical waste, unexploded munitions, and computers--toxins may be released such as dioxins and n-hexane and benzene. particulate matter air pollution culminates from these fires and fumes. additional env ...201324443711
piloting the use of indigenous methods to prevent nipah virus infection by interrupting bats' access to date palm sap in bangladesh.people in bangladesh frequently drink fresh date palm sap. fruit bats (pteropus giganteus) also drink raw sap and may contaminate the sap by shedding nipah virus through saliva and urine. in a previous study we identified two indigenous methods to prevent bats accessing the sap, bamboo skirts and lime (calcium carbonate). we conducted a pilot study to assess the acceptability of these two methods among sap harvesters. we used interactive community meetings and group discussions to encourage all ...201322669914
nipah virus infection: current scenario.the emergence of nipah virus (niv) infection into the pig population and subsequently into the human population is believed to be due to changes in ecological conditions. in malaysia, a major niv outbreak occurred in pigs and humans from september 1998 to april 1999 that resulted in infection of 265 and death of 105 persons. about 1.1 million pigs had to be destroyed to control the outbreak. the disease was recorded in the form of a major outbreak in india in 2001 and then a small incidence in 2 ...201324426305
retained subretinal date palm tree thorn in a child.a 3-year-old boy presented with severe eye pain and nausea after colliding with a date palm tree branch. examination under anesthesia revealed a self-sealed corneal laceration and traumatic cataract in his left eye. cultures were taken and the patient received prophylactic subconjunctival, intravitreal, and systemic antibiotics because of the high risk of endophthalmitis. a thorn from the same tree grew bacillus cereus. examination after 2 weeks of the injury revealed a subretinal foreign body ( ...201324160979
seasonally variable intestinal metagenomes of the red palm weevil (rhynchophorus ferrugineus).the intestinal microbes residing in the red palm weevil (rpw, rhynchophorus ferrugineus) larva consume tender interior fibrous tissues of date palm trunks. the understanding of such microbiota at molecular level provides vital clues for the biological control of this devastating pest. using pyrosequencing and shotgun strategy, we first study taxonomic profiles of the microbiota sampled at different months (march, july and november), and then confirm the impact of high-temperature stress on the m ...201324102776
biology and management of palm dynastid beetles: recent advances.coconut, oil, and date palms are important crops in the tropics and are attacked by dynastids that cause loss of production or death of hosts. knowledge of their breeding sites has been extended since a previous review in 1980. the fungus metarhizium anisopliae has potential as a biopesticide against immature stages in friable breeding sites. the molecular biology and ultrastructure of oryctes rhinoceros nudivirus (ornv), disseminated by adults, have been studied, and this pathogen can reduce o. ...201323317044
valorization of date palm (phoenix dactylifera) fruit processing by-products and wastes using bioprocess technology - review.the date palm phoenix dactylifera has played an important role in the day-to-day life of the people for the last 7000 years. today worldwide production, utilization and industrialization of dates are continuously increasing since date fruits have earned great importance in human nutrition owing to their rich content of essential nutrients. tons of date palm fruit wastes are discarded daily by the date processing industries leading to environmental problems. wastes such as date pits represent an ...201323961227
risk levels of invasive fusarium oxysporum f. sp. in areas suitable for date palm (phoenix dactylifera) cultivation under various climate change projections.global climate model outputs involve uncertainties in prediction, which could be reduced by identifying agreements between the output results of different models, covering all assumptions included in each. fusarium oxysporum f.sp. is an invasive pathogen that poses risk to date palm cultivation, among other crops. therefore, in this study, the future distribution of invasive fusarium oxysporum f.sp., confirmed by csiro-mk3.0 (cs) and miroc-h (mr) gcms, was modeled and combined with the future di ...201324340100
palm cryobanking.we describe the development of an efficient cryopreservation protocol for proembryogenic masses (pems) of date palm variety 'barhee'. proembryos were induced by inoculating small pieces of juvenile leaves on ms medium supplemented with 0.3 mg per liter 2,4-d. application of these in vitro conditions led to true-to-type plants as observed after plant fructification. when compared to the standard vitrification protocol, the ultra-rapid droplet-vitrification technique proved to be superior. sucrose ...201322227705
chromatographic separation of fructose from date syrup.the objective of this study is to provide a process for separating fructose from a mixture of sugars containing essentially fructose and glucose, obtained from date palm fruits. the extraction procedure of date syrup from fresh dates gave a yield of 86.5% solids after vacuum drying. a process for separating fructose from an aqueous solution of date syrup involved adding the date syrup solutions (20, 30 and 40% by weight) to a chromatographic column filled with dowex polystyrene strong cation exc ...201316849117
characterization and evolution of conserved microrna through duplication events in date palm (phoenix dactylifera).micrornas (mirnas) are important regulators of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level in a wide range of species. highly conserved mirnas regulate ancestral transcription factors common to all plants, and control important basic processes such as cell division and meristem function. we selected 21 conserved mirna families to analyze the distribution and maintenance of mirnas. recently, the first genome sequence in palmaceae was released: date palm (phoenix dactylifera). we conducted a ...201323951162
genome sequence of the date palm phoenix dactylifera l.date palm (phoenix dactylifera l.) is a cultivated woody plant species with agricultural and economic importance. here we report a genome assembly for an elite variety (khalas), which is 605.4 mb in size and covers >90% of the genome (~671 mb) and >96% of its genes (~41,660 genes). genomic sequence analysis demonstrates that p. dactylifera experienced a clear genome-wide duplication after either ancient whole genome duplications or massive segmental duplications. genetic diversity analysis indic ...201323917264
coupled electrokinetics-adsorption technique for simultaneous removal of heavy metals and organics from saline-sodic soil.in situ remediation technologies for contaminated soils are faced with significant technical challenges when the contaminated soil has low permeability. popular traditional technologies are rendered ineffective due to the difficulty encountered in accessing the contaminants as well as when employed in settings where the soil contains mixed contaminants such as petroleum hydrocarbons, heavy metals, and polar organics. in this study, an integrated in situ remediation technique that couples electro ...201324235885
influence of habitat and climate variables on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus community distribution, as revealed by a case study of facultative plant epiphytism under semiarid conditions.in semiarid mediterranean ecosystems, epiphytic plant species are practically absent, and only some species of palm trees can support epiphytes growing in their lower crown area, such as phoenix dactylifera l. (date palm). in this study, we focused on sonchus tenerrimus l. plants growing as facultative epiphytes in p. dactylifera and its terrestrial forms growing in adjacent soils. our aim was to determine the possible presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) in these peculiar habitats and ...201324038687
alterations in lignin content and phenylpropanoids pathway in date palm (phoenix dactylifera l.) tissues affected by brittle leaf disease.brittle leaf disease or maladie de la feuille cassante (mfc) is a lethal disorder of date palm that has assumed epidemic proportions in the oases of tunisia and algeria. no pathogen could ever be associated with the disease, while leaflets of affected palms have been previously shown to be deficient in manganese. the work reported here aims to understand the biochemical basis of the date palm response to this disorder. since the typical disease symptom is the leaf fragility, we have investigated ...201323987806
effect of ga3 and 2,4-d foliar application on the anatomy of date palm (phoenix dactylifera l.) seedling leaf.two concentrations (10-5m and 10-3m) of both ga3 and 2,4-d were used as foliar spray to evaluate the response of date palm (phoenix dactylifera l.) cv. khedri seedlings. they affected some of the anatomical characteristics of the first leaf emerging after the beginning of the spray. the high concentration of ga3 increased the size of the midrib and its vascular bundle numbers. both low and high concentrations of 2,4-d inhibited the formation of the midrib. 2,4-d in both low and high concentratio ...201323961229
fungal diversity in adult date palm (phoenix dactylifera l.) revealed by culture-dependent and culture-independent approaches.endophytic flora plays a vital role in the colonization and survival of host plants, especially in harsh environments, such as arid regions. this flora may, however, contain pathogenic species responsible for various troublesome host diseases. the present study is aimed at investigating the diversity of both cultivable and non-cultivable endophytic fungal floras in the internal tissues (roots and leaves) of tunisian date palm trees (phoenix dactylifera). accordingly, 13 isolates from both root a ...201324302709
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