| aspergillus nomius, a new aflatoxin-producing species related to aspergillus flavus and aspergillus tamarii. | aspergillus nomius is described and represents a new aflatoxigenic species phenotypically similar to a. flavus. strains examined were isolated from insects and agricultural commodities. separation from a. flavus is based on the presence of indeterminate sclerotia and a lower growth temperature. comparisons of dna relatedness show a. nomius to have only relatively recently evolved from a. flavus and a. tamarii. | 1987 | 3116923 |
| construction and characterization of a dna probe for distinguishing strains of aspergillus flavus. | repetitive dna sequences have proven useful and reliable characters in evaluating genetic relatedness of strains at different levels of taxonomic classification. a dna probe was constructed to distinguish among strains of aspergillus flavus by dna fingerprinting techniques. chromosomal dna of a. flavus var. flavus nrrl 6541 was partially digested with ecori and ligated to a lambda dash bacteriophage vector. four lambda clones were identified which displayed multiple and distinct bands when hybri ... | 1995 | 7793909 |
| sequence variability in homologs of the aflatoxin pathway gene aflr distinguishes species in aspergillus section flavi. | the aspergillus parasiticus aflr gene, a gene that may be involved in the regulation of aflatoxin biosynthesis, encodes a putative zinc finger dna-binding protein. pcr and sequencing were used to examine the presence of aflr homologs in other members of aspergillus section flavi. the predicted amino acid sequences indicated that the same zinc finger domain, ctscasskvrctkekpacarcierglac, was present in all of the aspergillus sojae, aspergillus flavus, and aspergillus parasiticus isolates examined ... | 1995 | 7887625 |
| twenty-five coregulated transcripts define a sterigmatocystin gene cluster in aspergillus nidulans. | sterigmatocystin (st) and the aflatoxins (afs), related fungal secondary metabolites, are among the most toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic natural products known. the st biosynthetic pathway in aspergillus nidulans is estimated to involve at least 15 enzymatic activities, while certain aspergillus parasiticus, aspergillus flavus, and aspergillus nomius strains contain additional activities that convert st to af. we have characterized a 60-kb region in the a. nidulans genome and find it contains ... | 1996 | 8643646 |
| a cardinal model to describe the effect of water activity on the growth of moulds. | a simple model was proposed to describe the effect of water activity (aw) on the radial growth rate of moulds. this model is deduced from the cardinal model family proposed by rosso in 1995, which is only defined from cardinal values of environmental factors (minimum, optimum and maximum values), the growth rate observed at the optimal value of the environmental factors, and n, a shape parameter. for aw, a simple form of cardinal model is proposed. this form is obtained for n = 2 and aw(max) = 1 ... | 2001 | 11246910 |
| purification and characterization of formate oxidase from a formaldehyde-resistant fungus. | a formate oxidase activity was found in the crude extract of a formaldehyde-resistant fungus isolated from soil. the fungus was classified and designated as aspergillus nomius iri013, which could grow on a medium containing up to 0.45% formaldehyde and consumed formaldehyde completely. the specific activity of formate oxidase in the extract of the fungus grown on formaldehyde was found to be considerably higher than that in the extracts of the fungus grown on formate and methanol. formate oxidas ... | 2002 | 12204385 |
| sequence comparison of aflr from different aspergillus species provides evidence for variability in regulation of aflatoxin production. | aflatoxin contamination of foods and feeds is a world-wide agricultural problem. aflatoxin production requires expression of the biosynthetic pathway regulatory gene, aflr, which encodes a cys6zn2-type dna-binding protein. homologs of aflr from aspergillus nomius, bombycis, parasiticus, flavus, and pseudotamarii were compared to investigate the molecular basis for variation among aflatoxin-producing taxa in the regulation of aflatoxin production. variability was found in putative promoter consen ... | 2003 | 12553937 |
| purification and properties of an esterase from aspergillus nomius hs-1 degrading ethylene glycol dibenzoate. | we isolated a fungal strain hs-1 utilizing either ethylene glycol dibenzoate or ethyl benzoate as sole source of carbon and energy, and identified it as aspergillus nomius, based on morphological and rdna analyses. an enzyme hydrolyzing the esters was purified from the culture supernatant of the strain to an electrophoretically homogeneous state. the enzyme was a carboxyl esterase with a monomeric structure, of which the molecular mass was about 60000, and inhibited by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluor ... | 2003 | 12799010 |
| comparison of the aflr gene sequences of strains in aspergillus section flavi. | aflatoxins are polyketide-derived secondary metabolites produced by aspergillus parasiticus, aspergillus flavus, aspergillus nomius and a few other species. the toxic effects of aflatoxins have adverse consequences for human health and agricultural economics. the aflr gene, a regulatory gene for aflatoxin biosynthesis, encodes a protein containing a zinc-finger dna-binding motif. although aspergillus oryzae and aspergillus sojae, which are used in fermented foods and in ingredient manufacture, h ... | 2006 | 16385126 |
| mycotic keratitis due to aspergillus nomius. | we report the first known case of fungal keratitis caused by aspergillus nomius. ocular injury was known as a predisposing factor. the patient was treated with natamycin and econazole eye drops, itraconazole eye ointment, and oral ketoconazole. a therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty was performed 16 days after presentation. a sequence-based approach was used to assign the isolate to a species. | 2009 | 19710265 |
| molecular strategy for identification in aspergillus section flavi. | aspergillus flavus is one of the most common contaminants that produces aflatoxins in foodstuffs. it is also a human allergen and a pathogen of animals and plants. aspergillus flavus is included in the aspergillus section flavi that comprises 11 closely related species producing different profiles of secondary metabolites. a six-step strategy has been developed that allows identification of nine of the 11 species. first, three real-time pcr reactions allowed us to discriminate four groups within ... | 2010 | 20377644 |
| sexual reproduction in aflatoxin-producing aspergillus nomius. | sexual reproduction was examined in the aflatoxin-producing fungus aspergillus nomius. crosses between sexually compatible strains resulted in the formation of multiple nonostiolate ascocarps within stromata, which places the teleomorph in genus petromyces. ascocarp and ascospore morphology in petromyces nomius were similar to that in p. flavus and p. parasiticus, and differences between teleomorphs were insufficient for species separation. formation of mature ascocarps was infrequent, with only ... | 2010 | 20943531 |
| anti-aspergillus activity of green coffee 5-o-caffeoyl quinic acid and its alkyl esters. | the antifungal activities of 5-o-caffeoyl quinic acid (5-cqa) and of methyl, butyl, octyl, and dodecyl esters or 5-cqa, were tested on five toxigenic moulds from the aspergillus genus (aspergillus flavus, aspergillus nomius, aspergillus ochraceus, aspergillus parasiticus, aspergillus westerdijkiae). these mycotoxin producers' moulds may contaminate many types of food crops throughout the food chain posing serious health hazard to animals and humans. the use of chemical methods to decrease mycoto ... | 2013 | 23684728 |
| polyphasic approach to the identification of aspergillus section flavi isolated from brazil nuts. | the aim of this study was to use a polyphasic approach to identify aspergillus section flavi isolated from brazil nuts collected in the amazon forest: investigation of macro- and microscopic morphology, production of extrolites, heat-resistance fungi, and sequencing of dna regions. the following aspergillus section flavi species were identified: aspergillus flavus (75.5%), aspergillus nomius (22.3%), and aspergillus parasiticus (2.2%). all a. nomius and a. parasiticus isolates produced aflatoxin ... | 2013 | 23561218 |
| the distribution of aspergillus spp. opportunistic parasites in hives and their pathogenicity to honey bees. | stonebrood is a disease of honey bee larvae caused by fungi from the genus aspergillus. as very few studies have focused on the epidemiological aspects of stonebrood and diseased brood may be rapidly discarded by worker bees, it is possible that a high number of cases go undetected. aspergillus spp. fungi are ubiquitous and associated with disease in many insects, plants, animals and man. they are regarded as opportunistic pathogens that require immunocompromised hosts to establish infection. mi ... | 2014 | 24485932 |
| characterization of aspergillus section flavi isolated from organic brazil nuts using a polyphasic approach. | brazil nut (bertholletia excelsa), an important non-timber forest product from amazonia, is commercialized in worldwide markets. the main importers of this nut are north america and european countries, where the demand for organic products has grown to meet consumers concerned about food safety. thus, the precise identification of toxigenic fungi is important because the brazil nut is susceptible to colonization by these microorganisms. the present study aimed to characterize by polyphasic appro ... | 2014 | 24929714 |
| rapid detection of aflatoxin producing fungi in food by real-time quantitative loop-mediated isothermal amplification. | aflatoxins represent a serious risk for human and animal health. they are mainly produced by aspergillus flavus and aspergillus parasiticus but also by aspergillus nomius. three species specific turbidimeter based real-time lamp (loop-mediated isothermal amplification) assays were developed to quantify the three species individually in conidial solutions and to define contamination levels in samples of shelled brazil nuts, maize, and peanuts. standard curves relating spore numbers to time to thr ... | 2014 | 25084656 |
| invited review: microbe-mediated aflatoxin decontamination of dairy products and feeds. | aspergillus flavus, aspergillus parasiticus, and aspergillus nomius contaminate corn, sorghum, rice, peanuts, tree nuts, figs, ginger, nutmeg, and milk. they produce aflatoxins, especially aflatoxin b1, which is classified as a group 1 carcinogen by the international agency for research on cancer. many studies have focused on aflatoxin removal from food or feed, especially via microbe-mediated mechanisms-either adsorption or degradation. of the lactic acid bacteria, lactobacillus rhamnosus gg ef ... | 2017 | 27939550 |
| isolation of fungi from dead arthropods and identification of a new mosquito natural pathogen. | insects are well known vectors of human and animal pathogens and millions of people are killed by mosquito-borne diseases every year. the use of insecticides to target insect vectors has been hampered by the issues of toxicity to the environment and by the selection of resistant insects. therefore, biocontrol strategies based on naturally occurring microbial pathogens emerged as a promising control alternative. the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana is well characterized and have been ap ... | 2016 | 27595597 |
| first case of breakthrough pneumonia due to aspergillus nomius in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia. | we report the first known case of a breakthrough pulmonary infection caused by aspergillus nomius in an acute myeloid leukemia patient receiving caspofungin therapy. the isolate was identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) and sequencing-based methods. the organism was found to be fully susceptible, in vitro, to echinocandin antifungal agents. | 2012 | 22369623 |
| mycobiota of cocoa: from farm to chocolate. | the present work was carried out to study the mycobiota of cocoa beans from farm to chocolate. four hundred and ninety-four samples were analyzed at various stages of cocoa processing: (i) primary stage at the farm (fermentation, drying, and storage), (ii) secondary stage at processing (testa, nibs, liquor, butter, cake and powder) and (iii) the final chocolate product (dark, milk, white and powdered) collected from retail outlets. direct plating or dilution plating on dichloran 18% glycerol aga ... | 2011 | 21925035 |
| onychomycosis: first case due to aspergillus nomius. | | 2011 | 21874220 |
| in vitro susceptibility of aspergillus spp. to dithiocarbamate organoruthenium compounds. | summary the in vitro antifungal activity of ruthenium dithiocarbamate compounds (1-5) was investigated and assessed for its activity against seven different species of aspergillus (aspergillus clavatus, aspergillus flavus, aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus niger, aspergillus nomius, aspergillus tamarii and aspergillus terreus). analysis of in vitro susceptibility was performed using broth microdilution assay following the clinical and laboratory standards institute guidelines for filamentous fu ... | 2010 | 20557461 |
| high prevalence of b and g aflatoxin-producing fungi in sugarcane field soil in japan: heteroduplex panel analysis identifies a new genotype within aspergillus section flavi and aspergillus nomius. | heteroduplex panel analysis (hpa) was previously developed for genetic identification of aspergillus section flavi strains, utilizing polymerase chain reaction-amplified fragments of the internal transcribed spacer (its) regions of the rrna gene. application of hpa to a field study demonstrated that a new type of fp-1 strains belonging to section flavi is predominantly distributed throughout sugarcane field soil in the southernmost islands of japan, and such a trend may also be the case in vietn ... | 2003 | 19719592 |
| erratum to "high prevalence of b and g aflatoxin-producing fungi in sugarcane field soil in japan: heteroduplex panel analysis identifies a new genotype within aspergillus section flavi and aspergillus nomius". | | 2004 | 19719553 |
| description of a distinctive aflatoxin-producing strain of aspergillus nomius that produces submerged sclerotia. | a new distinctive strain of aspergillus nomius that produces the potent mycotoxins, aflatoxins, is described from pistachio, pecan, and fig orchards in california. similar to the typical strain of a. nomius (as represented by the ex-type), the o strain produced both b and g aflatoxins but not cyclopiazonic acid, had similar conidial ornamentation, and grew poorly at 42 degrees c. furthermore, previous published dna sequence supports that the new strain is very closely related to the ex-type of a ... | 2009 | 19484504 |
| antimycotic activity of 5'-prenylisoflavanones of the plant geoffroea decorticans, against aspergillus species. | the antifungal activity of the ethanolic extract (ee), (3r)-5,7,2',3'-tetrahydroxy-4'-methoxy-5'-prenylisoflavanone (1) and (3r)-7-2'-3'-trihydroxy-4'-methoxy-5'-prenylisoflavanone (2) isolated from geoffroea decorticans was evaluated against four different species of aspergillus. their effect was compared with that displayed by synthetic products. the antifungal activity was assayed by bioautography, hyphal radial growth, hyphal extent and microdilution in liquid medium. the percentage of hypha ... | 2009 | 19375811 |
| antifungal activity of the termite alkaloid norharmane against the mycelial growth of metarhizium anisopliae and aspergillus nomius. | antifungal activity of norharmane, a beta-carboline alkaloid found in termites (isoptera, rhinotermitidae) was tested against two entomopathogenic fungi, metarhizium anisopliae and aspergillus nomius. it was determined that, at physiological concentration (10 microg ml(-1)), norharmane had no significant effect on a. nomius mycelial growth rate but reduced m. anisopliae growth rate by 11.9%. contrary to previous findings, we suggest that norharmane has a limited role in disease resistance agains ... | 2008 | 18703070 |
| a survey on distribution of aspergillus section flavi in corn field soils in iran: population patterns based on aflatoxins, cyclopiazonic acid and sclerotia production. | soil isolates of aspergillus section flavi from mazandaran and semnan provinces with totally different climatic conditions in iran were examined for aflatoxins (afs; b and g types), cyclopiazonic acid (cpa) and sclerotia production. a total of 66 aspergillus flavus group strains were identified from three species viz. aspergillus flavus, aspergillus parasiticus and aspergillus nomius in both locations. a. flavus (87.9%) was found to be the prominent species followed by a. nomius (9.1%) and a. pa ... | 2006 | 16482391 |
| aflatoxin biosynthesis gene clusters and flanking regions. | to compare the biosynthetic gene cluster sequences of the main aflatoxin (af)-producing aspergillus species. | 2005 | 16108793 |
| aflatoxin biosynthesis cluster gene cypa is required for g aflatoxin formation. | aspergillus flavus isolates produce only aflatoxins b1 and b2, while aspergillus parasiticus and aspergillus nomius produce aflatoxins b1, b2, g1, and g2. sequence comparison of the aflatoxin biosynthesis pathway gene cluster upstream from the polyketide synthase gene, pksa, revealed that a. flavus isolates are missing portions of genes (cypa and norb) predicted to encode, respectively, a cytochrome p450 monooxygenase and an aryl alcohol dehydrogenase. insertional disruption of cypa in a. parasi ... | 2004 | 15528514 |
| variability of aflatoxin and cyclopiazonic acid production by aspergillus section flavi from different substrates in argentina. | aspergillus section flavi strains isolated from peanuts, wheat and soybean grown in argentina were screened for aflatoxins (type b and g) and cyclopiazonic acid (cpa) production. aspergillus flavus was the predominant species in all substrates, although there was almost the same proportion of a. flavus and aspergillus parasiticus in peanuts. aspergillus nomius was not found. incidence of aflatoxigenic a. flavus strains was higher in peanuts (69%) than in wheat (13%) or soybeans (5%) while the ra ... | 2003 | 14527788 |
| the normal mycoflora of commodities from thailand. 1. nuts and oilseeds. | a comprehensive study was carried out of the fungi occurring in commodities normally traded in thailand. samples of major commodities were obtained from farmers' stocks and middlemen in major producing areas throughout the country. retail samples were obtained from outlets in and around bankok. samples were divided into two portions, one being examined in bangkok, and the second in sydney. after surface disinfection, fungi were enumerated by direct plating on dichloran rose bengal chloramphenico ... | 1993 | 8110599 |
| identification of aspergillus nomius in bees visiting brazil nut flowers. | we designed a primer pair (btubnomf/btubnomr) specifically for amplifying aspergillus nomius dna. in vitro assays confirmed btubnomf/btubnomr specificity, corroborating its usefulness in detecting and identifying a. nomius. we then investigated the occurrence of a. nomius in floral visitors of bertholletia excelsa trees by means of pcr, and a. nomius was detected in the following bees: xylocopa frontalis, bombus transversalis, centris denudans, c. ferruginea, and epicharis flava. the presence of ... | 2015 | 26063353 |
| genomic sequence of the aflatoxigenic filamentous fungus aspergillus nomius. | aspergillus nomius is an opportunistic pathogen and one of the three most important producers of aflatoxins in section flavi. this fungus has been reported to contaminate agricultural commodities, but it has also been sampled in non-agricultural areas so the host range is not well known. having a similar mycotoxin profile as a. parasiticus, isolates of a. nomius are capable of secreting b- and g- aflatoxins. | 2015 | 26216546 |
| morphological changes and growth of filamentous fungi in the presence of high concentrations of pahs. | in this study, we evaluated the effect of low and high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs), i.e., phenanthrene, pyrene and benzo[a]pyrene, on the radial growth and morphology of the pah-degrading fungal strains aspergillus nomius h7 and trichoderma asperellum h15. the presence of pahs in solid medium produced significant detrimental effects on the radial growth of a. nomius h7 at 4,000 and 6,000 mg l(-1) and changes in mycelium pigmentation, abundance and sporulation ability ... | 2017 | 26413081 |
| mycobiota and mycotoxins in brazil nut samples from different states of the brazilian amazon region. | the objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of fungi and mycotoxins (aflatoxins and cyclopiazonic acid) in brazil nut samples collected in different states of the brazilian amazon region: acre, amazonas, amapá, and pará. a total of 200 husk samples and 200 almond samples were inoculated onto aspergillus flavus-parasiticus agar for the detection of fungi. mycotoxins were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. the mycobiota comprised the following fungi, in decreasing ord ... | 2012 | 23072689 |
| development and application of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for rapid identification of aflatoxigenic molds and their detection in food samples. | aflatoxins are the most thoroughly studied mycotoxins. they are produced by several members of the genus aspergillus in section flavi with aspergillus flavus, aspergillus parasiticus, and aspergillus nomius being frequently isolated from contaminated food sources. in this work, we describe the development and evaluation of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assays for rapid detection of the three species in separate analyses. the acl1-gene of a. flavus and amy1-genes of a. nomius and ... | 2012 | 23107500 |
| the biodiversity of aspergillus section flavi in brazil nuts: from rainforest to consumer. | a total of 288 brazil nut samples (173 kernel and 115 shell) from the amazon rainforest region and são paulo state, brazil were collected at different stages of brazil nut production. samples were analysed for: percentages of aflatoxigenic fungal species and potential for aflatoxin production and presence of aflatoxins. aspergillus nomius was the most common species found (1235 isolates) which amounted to 30% of the total species with potential to produce aflatoxins. this species is of concern s ... | 2013 | 23290234 |
| misidentification of aspergillus nomius and aspergillus tamarii as aspergillus flavus: characterization by internal transcribed spacer, β-tubulin, and calmodulin gene sequencing, metabolic fingerprinting, and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. | aspergillus nomius and aspergillus tamarii are aspergillus species that phenotypically resemble aspergillus flavus. in the last decade, a number of case reports have identified a. nomius and a. tamarii as causes of human infections. in this study, using an internal transcribed spacer, β-tubulin, and calmodulin gene sequencing, only 8 of 11 clinical isolates reported as a. flavus in our clinical microbiology laboratory by phenotypic methods were identified as a. flavus. the other three isolates w ... | 2014 | 24452174 |
| brazil nuts are subject to infection with b and g aflatoxin-producing fungus, aspergillus pseudonomius. | the exploitation of the brazil nut is one of the most important activities of the extractive communities of the amazon rainforest. however, its commercialization can be affected by the presence of aflatoxins produced by fungi, namely aspergillus section flavi. in the present study, we investigated a collection of aspergillus nomius strains isolated from brazil nuts using different approaches, including morphological characters, rapd and aflp profiles, partial β-tubulin and calmodulin nucleotide ... | 2014 | 24974275 |
| isolation and characterization of formaldehyde-degrading fungi and its formaldehyde metabolism. | formaldehyde is classified as a human carcinogen that may cause nasopharyngeal cancer and probably leukemia. the effects of environmental and nutritional factors on fungal growth and the biodegradation of formaldehyde were investigated. fungal strains sgfa1 and sgfa3 isolated from untreated sewage sediment samples collected from heavily formaldehyde-contaminated areas were identified using morphological characteristics and molecular techniques and named as aspergillus nomius sgfa1 and penicilliu ... | 2014 | 24464080 |
| aflatoxins b and g contamination and aflatoxigenic fungi in nutmeg. | this study examined the distribution of aflatoxigenic fungi in 25 imported indonesian nutmeg samples contaminated with aflatoxins bs or bs and gs. the incidence of aflatoxigenic fungi in the samples contaminated with high levels of aflatoxin was significantly higher than that in the samples with low levels of the toxins(r=0.752). the aflatoxin production of isolates from the samples in cultures of yes broth was examined by means of tlc and hplc analyses. the ability of isolates to produce aflato ... | 2012 | 23154760 |
| resource competition between two fungal parasites in subterranean termites. | subterranean termites live in large groups in underground nests where the pathogenic pressure of the soil environment has led to the evolution of a complex interaction among individual and social immune mechanisms in the colonies. however, groups of termites under stress can show increased susceptibility to opportunistic parasites. in this study, an isolate of aspergillus nomius kurtzman, horn & hessltine was obtained from a collapsed termite laboratory colony. we determined that it was primaril ... | 2012 | 23086391 |
| inhibition of mycotoxin-producing aspergillus nomius vsc 23 by lactic acid bacteria and saccharomyces cerevisiae. | the effect of different fermenting microorganisms on growth of a mycotoxin- producing aspergillus nomius was assayed. two lactic acid bacteria, lactobacillus fermentum and lactobacillus rhamnosus, and saccharomyces cerevisiae, all of which are widely used in fermentation and preservation of food, were assayed on their fungus inhibitory properties. assays were carried out by simultaneous inoculation of one of the possible inhibiting microorganisms and the fungus or subsequent inoculation of one o ... | 2010 | 24031582 |