| structural and physiological characteristics of some sheathed bacteria. | the fine structure and growth of two gram-negative and two gram-positive strains of sheathed bacteria, isolated from activated sludge, have been studied. their anatomy is quite different from sphaerotilus natans. the cells are rectangular, tightly joined together, non-motile and enclosed by a sheath which is thin in the gram-negative strains and rather electron-dense in the two larger gram positive strains. the four strains grow slowly and form pink filamentous flocs in liquid media. | 1977 | 68709 |
| attached growth of sphaerotilus and mixed populations in a continuous-flow apparatus. | the effects of nh(4)cl concentration, organic nitrogen compounds, glucose concentration, dissolved oxygen concentration, and flow rate on the attached growth of pure cultures of sphaerotilus natans and of a mixed population in a continuous-flow apparatus are described. low concentrations of nh(4)cl and oxygen, and high flow rates resulted in attached populations that were dominated by sphaerotilus. the conditions that allowed maximal attached growth in pure culture did not correspond to the cond ... | 1968 | 4877499 |
| bacterial flora in bottled uncarbonated mineral drinking water. | a quantitative study of bacterial populations in mineral water was carried out. samples were stored at 6 and 20 degrees c, and the colony counts were determined on tryptone agar plates incubated at 22 and 37 degrees c. samples were collected from the spring source in sterile glass flasks and from the bottling factory in conventional plastic and glass containers. in both cases, the initial population (10(1)-10(2) cfu/ml water) increased to 10(5)-10(6) cfu/ml after 3 days storage as determined fro ... | 1987 | 3446349 |
| stimulation of heterotrophic and autotrophic growth of sphaerotilus discophorus by manganous ions. | | 1971 | 5316522 |
| calcium nutrition of sphaerotilus growing in a continuous-flow apparatus. | sphaerotilus natans required calcium for the production of sheaths and probably requires calcium for growth as well, though at a lower concentration. neither strontium nor barium substituted for calcium. s. natans grew attached to the culture vessels of the continuous-flow apparatus even when no sheaths were produced. tentative evidence showed that the requirement for calcium is shared by the manganese-oxidizing species s. discophorus. | 1968 | 4970993 |
| the sphaerotilus-leptothrix group of bacteria. | | 1978 | 353479 |
| [some structural aspects of sphaerotilus natans]. | | 1969 | 5403511 |
| growth rate of sphaerotilus in a thermally polluted environment. | in situ growth of sphaerotilus on microscope slides immersed in a thermally polluted stream was studied. ultraviolet radiation was used to differentiate between passive attachment of organisms from the water and growth of the organisms on the slides. colonization of the slides in this environment took place solely by means of swarmer cells. a generation time of 2.3 hr was obtained at a water temperature of 18-22 c. | 1970 | 4905941 |
| improved technique for isolation and identification of sphaerotilus. | | 1969 | 4180407 |
| stimulation of poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate oxidation in sphaerotilus discophorus by manganese and magnesium. | | 1967 | 5602467 |
| the fine structure of sphaerotilus natans. | | 1973 | 4121377 |
| antitumor activity of sphaerotilus natans and its slime fraction in mice. | antitumor activity of the whole cell and slime of an aquatic sheathed bacterium, sphaerotilus natans iam 12068, against ascites form of ehrlich carcinoma in ddy mice was investigated. intraperitoneal injection of whole cells and the slime fraction showed remarkable antitumor activity against mice inoculated with 10(4) to 10(5) tumor cells, the slime fraction being more effective. to examine the chemical nature of the active principle in the slime fraction, separation by sepharose 4b gel filtrati ... | 1985 | 2993216 |
| atpase and cytochrome oxidase activities at the polar organelle in swarm cells of sphaerotilus natans: an ultrastructural study. | the polar organelle of bacteria presumably is part of the flagellar apparatus. in order to characterize this structure, cytochemical studies on sphaerotilus natans have been performed. marked atpase activity is associated with the inner boundary layer and central layer of this organelle. the spaces between the boundary layers and the central layer of the polar organelle which are traversed by fine fibrilles are positive for reactions with diaminobenzidine. this indicates cytochrome oxidase activ ... | 1985 | 2990368 |
| prevalence of broad-host-range lytic bacteriophages of sphaerotilus natans, escherichia coli, and pseudomonas aeruginosa. | two bacteriophage collections were examined with regard to their ability to form plaques on multiple bacterial host species. nine of 10 phages studied were found to be broad-host-range bacteriophages. these phages fell into two groups. group 1, the sn series, was isolated from sewage treatment plant samples with sphaerotilus natans atcc 13338 as a host. the dnas of these bacteriophages contained modified bases and were insensitive to cleavage by type i and ii restriction endonucleases. the effic ... | 1998 | 9464396 |
| glucose repression of oxidation of organic compounds by sphaerotilus. | | 1967 | 6039201 |
| isolation and characterization of an acidophilic, heterotrophic bacterium capable of oxidizing ferrous iron. | a heterotrophic bacterium, isolated from an acidic stream in a disused pyrite mine which contained copious growths of "acid streamers," displayed characteristics which differentiated it from previously described mesophilic acidophiles. the isolate was obligately acidophilic, with a ph range of 2.0 to 4.4 and an optimum ph of 3.0. the bacterium was unable to fix carbon dioxide but oxidized ferrous iron, although at a slower rate than either thiobacillus ferrooxidans or leptospirillum ferrooxidans ... | 1992 | 1622207 |
| enzymatic iron oxidation by leptothrix discophora: identification of an iron-oxidizing protein. | an iron-oxidizing factor was identified in the spent culture medium of the iron- and manganese-oxidizing bacterial strain leptothrix discophora ss-1. it appeared to be a protein, with an apparent molecular weight of approximately 150,000. its activity could be demonstrated after fractionation of the spent medium by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. a spontaneous mutant of l. discophora ss-1 was isolated which excreted neither manganese- nor iron-oxidizing activity, where ... | 1992 | 1610168 |
| [bacteria of the sphaerotilus-leptothrix group]. | | 1969 | 4926574 |
| [microbiological profile in water-supply conduits from a clogged well]. | this article presents the results of an investigation involving bacterioflora in a water well clogged for the presence of biomass. the water well, placed in a zone near rome, showed some problems about the water quality and about the extraction of water. the examination of the interior of the pipes showed the presence of biomass. the biomass was examined microscopically and bacteriological analyses were carried out on it. heterotrophic bacteria were enumerated with three different media by direc ... | 1990 | 2257124 |
| lysis of sphaerotilus natans swarm cells by bdellovibrio bacteriovorus. | six strains of sphaerotilus natans (smooth form) were lysed by five parasitic strains of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus. the possible use of bdellovibrio to control the proliferation of s. natans in the environment was hypothesized. | 1975 | 1147607 |
| numerical taxonomy and ecology of petroleum-degrading bacteria. | a total of 99 strains of petroleum-degrading bacteria isolated from chesapeake bay water and sediment were identified by using numerical taxonomy procedures. the isolates, together with 33 reference cultures, were examined for 48 biochemical, cultural, morphological, and physiological characters. the data were analyzed by computer, using both the simple matching and the jaccard coefficients. clustering was achieved by the unweighted average linkage method. from the sorted similarity matrix and d ... | 1977 | 889329 |
| macrophage activation and immunostimulating activity of sphaerotilus natans and its slime fraction. | | 1987 | 3664805 |
| numerical taxonomy and ecology of oligotrophic bacteria isolated from the estuarine environment. | slow-growing bacteria, isolated on nutrient-rich and nutrient-limited media, from chesapeake bay water and sediment samples, were examined for 119 biochemical, cultural, morphological, nutritional, and physiological characters. those bacteria which grow on low nutrient media, termed oligotrophs, a total of 162 strains, were subjected to taxonomic analysis, as a preliminary step in determining their ecological significance. the data for all strains included in the study were examined by computer ... | 1977 | 871972 |
| measurement of growth and iron deposition in sphaerotilus discophorus. | aspects of the physiology of iron deposition of an iron-precipitating strain of sphaerotilus were investigated in laboratory culture to characterize the process. measurement of growth (incorporated l-[3h]alanine) and iron deposition (incorporated 59fe) demonstrated that sphaerotilus exhibit a characteristic temporal pattern of iron deposition, which is delayed until the latter portion of the exponential or the onset of the stationary growth phase. the growth rate (mu=0.17 h-1) was apparently ind ... | 1976 | 1262304 |
| the sphaerotilus-leptothrix group. | | 1975 | 1180519 |
| determination of growth of sphaerotilus discophorus in the presence of manganese. | manganese interferes strongly with most chemical methods of biomass determination. however, the biomass of manganese-encrusted sphaerotilus discophorus can be determined after removal of the mno2 with trichloroacetic acid and oxalic acid. evidence which indicates that manganese inhibits the heterotrophic growth of s. discophorus and that the cells only oxidize manganese late in the growth curve is presented. | 1976 | 791129 |
| role of iron deposition in sphaerotilus discophorus. | various physiological aspects of the process of iron deposition in sphaerotilus discophorus were examined to elucidate its role. the values of iron/protein ratios suggested that a direct relationship existed between the iron concentration of the media and the magnitude of final iron deposition. saturation of the organism's iron deposition system occurred at a 2.0 mm iron concentration, at a value of 0.6 mg of ferric ion per mg of cell protein. laboratory data indicated that the strain's very low ... | 1976 | 770424 |
| effect of sewage loading on the prevalence of sphaerotilus natans. | | 1968 | 5664114 |
| growth-promoting activity of spent sulfite liquor for sphaerotilus natans growing in a continuous-flow apparatus. | the calcium in ammonia-base spent sulfite liquor, unlike that in calcium-base spent liquor, is not available for growth of sphaerotilus natans. it has not been possible to obtain a mixed slime with sphaerotilus as the dominant organism in a continuous-flow apparatus fed spent sulfite liquor. | 1968 | 5645414 |
| managanese oxidation by sphaerotilus discophorus. | johnson, a. h. (washington state university, pullman), and j. l. stokes. manganese oxidation by sphaerotilus discophorus. j. bacteriol. 91:1543-1547. 1966.-cell suspensions of sphaerotilus discophorus in 0.02 m potassium phosphate buffer (ph 7.2) readily oxidized mnso(4) to dark-brown manganic oxide. the latter appeared to be mno(2), since its color was the same as mno(2) and, like the latter, it was readily soluble in hcl with the evolution of chlorine. the amount of o(2) consumed in the oxidat ... | 1966 | 5929778 |
| studies on the filamentous sheathed iron bacterium sphaerotilus natans. | | 1954 | 13142992 |
| deoxyribonucleic acid base composition of sphaerotilus natans and sphaerotilus discophorus. | | 1966 | 5929784 |
| isolation and characterization of a bacteriophage specific for sphaerotilus natans which contain an unusual base in its deoxyribonucleic acid. | a bacteriophage was isolated specific for sphaerotilus natans, an organism for which bacteriophages have not been previously described. this phage (designated sn1) was found to infect both the single-cell (s-type) and filamentous (r-type) forms of the host, although the sheath appeared to provide r-type cells with a degree of physical protection from infection. sn1 had a hexagonal head and a long flexible tail resembling most closely the phages in bradley's group b. the nucleic acid was found to ... | 1979 | 485135 |
| [sphaerotilus dichotomus, a prospective biological agent for use in control of culicidae]. | | 1966 | 5911468 |
| role of poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate in survival of sphaerotilus discophorus during starvation. | | 1968 | 5684679 |
| intracellular deposition of sulfur by sphaerotilus natans. | | 1957 | 13428683 |
| [chemosynthesis by iron bacteria]. | | 1957 | 13483137 |
| [sphaerotilus dichotomus--the organism producing "swelling" of active silt in aero-tanks]. | | 1959 | 13838560 |
| biocumulation of copper and lead by sphaerotilus natans. | the accumulation of copper and lead by the filamentous bacteria sphaerotilus natans was studied. an increase in the amount of accumulated metal depending on the concentration of copper and lead in the medium was observed. the extent of accumulation also depended on the chemical form of the metal in the medium and time of its contact with the bacteria. electron micrographs of s. natans revealed the presence of copper and lead in the mucous capsule, cell wall, cytoplasmic membrane and cytoplasm o ... | 1981 | 6168179 |
| [isolation and properties of bstbsi restriction endonuclease from the thermophilic soil bacteria bacillus stearothermophilus bs]. | a new restriction endonuclease bstbsi was isolated and purified from the thermophilic soil bacterium bacillus stearothermophilus bs by the blue sepharose and hydroxyapatite chromatographies. the enzyme is an isoschizomer of snai from sphaerotilus natans c. it recognizes the hexanucleotide gtatac and cleaves dna in the center of the sequence. the maximal catalytic activity of the endonuclease is registered in 50 mm tris-hcl (ph 9.0) buffer with the high ionic strength (100 mm nacl) in the presenc ... | 1993 | 8350878 |
| development and application of 16s rrna-targeted probes for detection of iron- and manganese-oxidizing sheathed bacteria in environmental samples. | comparative sequence analysis of the 16s rrna genes from several leptothrix and sphaerotilus strains led to the design of an oligonucleotide probe (ps-1) based on a sequence within the hypervariable region 1 specific for four leptothrix strains and for one of the four sphaerotilus natans strains examined. another probe (psp-6) was based on a sequence within the hypervariable region 2. psp-6 was specific for one of the two evolutionary lineages previously described for leptothrix spp. (p. l. sier ... | 1997 | 9023942 |
| isolation and chemical composition of the sheath of sphaerotilus natans. | a sheathed bacterium, sphaerotilus natans, was cultured with vigorous shaking in a medium containing peptone. then the biomass was harvested and treated with lysozyme, sodium dodecyl sulfate, and protease. with treatment, 1.6 mg of sheaths was obtained from 15 mg of biomass. for the preparation of sheaths of high purity, cultivation must be in the absence of glucose with sufficient aeration to prevent poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) accumulation. carbohydrate (54.1%), protein (12.2%), and lipid (1-3%) w ... | 1998 | 9692196 |
| morphological and biochemical properties of a sphaerotilus sp. isolated from paper mill slimes. | four strains of filamentous bacteria were isolated from slimes collected in different paper mill factories. morphological and physiological characterization of the isolates indicated an affiliation with the genus sphaerotilus. however, while the physiological properties of the isolates were almost identical, pronounced physiological differences between the isolates and sphaerotilus natans dsm 6575(t), dsm 565, and dsm 566 with respect to their ability to metabolize complex polysaccharides, sugar ... | 1999 | 9872774 |
| purification and properties of an enzyme capable of degrading the sheath of sphaerotilus natans. | microorganisms which can degrade and grow on the purified sheath of a sheathed bacterium sphaerotilus natans were collected from soil and river water. two bacterial strains were isolated from the soil and designated strains tb and tk. both strains are rod shaped, negatively stained by gram staining, facultatively anaerobic, and formed ellipsoidal endospores. these characteristics suggested that the isolates belong to the genus paenibacillus, according to ash et al. (c. ash, f. g. priest, and m. ... | 2000 | 11055955 |
| identification of a gene essential for sheathed structure formation in sphaerotilus natans, a filamentous sheathed bacterium. | sphaerotilus natans, a filamentous bacterium that causes bulking in activated sludge processes, can assume two distinct morphologies, depending on the substrate concentration for growth; in substrate-rich media it grows as single rod-shaped cells, whereas in substrate-limited media it grows as filaments. to identify genes responsible for sheath formation, we carried out transposon tn5 mutagenesis. of the approximately 20,000 mutants obtained, 7 did not form sheathed structures. sequencing of the ... | 2002 | 11772646 |
| commensal relationship between a sheath-forming bacterium, sphaerotilus natans, and a sheath-degrading bacterium, paenibacillus sp. | paenibacillus sp. strain tb is capable of degrading the sheath prepared from a sheathed bacterium, sphaerotilus natans. s. natans was able to grow alone on casamino acids but strain tb was not. cocultivation of strain tb and s. natans was examined in a medium supplemented with casamino acids as a growth substrate. the growth of strain tb was observed when the sheath was supplied to the medium or in cocultivation with s. natans. the phospholipid amount reached a maximum after 24 h of cocultivatio ... | 2002 | 11999428 |
| sphaerotilus natans isolated from activated sludge and its production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate). | sphaerotilus natans is a sheathed bacterium existing in the activated sludge of wastewater treatment plants. it is one of the filamentous bacteria causing the bulking and foaming difficulties of activated sludge. isolating the strain and culturing it in an axenic environment could not only provide the metabolic knowledge of the strains that would be useful in the development of wastewater treatment methods, but also could enable us to gain an understanding of the mechanism by which poly(3-hydrox ... | 2002 | 12018230 |
| [biosynthesis of phenylalanine and tyrosine: arogenic acid, a new intermediate product]. | with the discovery of arogenic acid two new pathways for the biosynthesis of phenylalanine and tyrosine have been revealed. the occurrence of two, three, or four pathways for the biosynthesis of phenylalanine and tyrosine in microorganisms and plants may be a useful tool for taxonomic classifications. investigations on enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonads, flavobacteria, streptomycetes, archaebacteria, and on sphaerotilus, trichococcus and leptothrix species from bulking sludge are described. the po ... | 1983 | 6855918 |
| first results from a screening of filamentous organisms present in buenos aires's activated sludge plants. | activated sludge samples from municipal and industry plants were evaluated with the aim to recognise the mainly filamentous bacteria found. the routine tests recommended were performed: gram, neisser, phb-nilo blue epifluorescence reaction and s. the morphologic characteristics were determined. correlation between environmental conditions and abundance of dominant bacteria were made. all plants were completely mixed configurations with anoxic reactor for denitrification ahead of main aerobic rea ... | 2002 | 12216612 |
| competitive growth kinetics of sphaerotilus natans and acinetobacter anitratus. | growth kinetics of sphaerotilus natans and acinetobacter anitratus (strain e932) in pure and mixed cultures were analysed. in order to determine mixed cultures biomass composition, a quantitative image analysis technique was developed. pure culture studies showed that for dilution rates less than 0.188 h(-1), the filamentous micro-organism will predominate leading to bulking phenomena. by using the developed technique to determine biomass composition, mixed culture experiments showed that change ... | 2002 | 12216666 |
| structural analysis of the extracellular polysaccharide produced by sphaerotilus natans. | an extracellular polysaccharide (eps) was recovered and purified from the culture fluid of a sheathed bacterium, sphaerotilus natans. glucose, rhamnose, and aldobiouronic acid were detected in the acid hydrolysate of eps by thin-layer chromatography (tlc). the aldobiouronic acid was found to be composed of glucuronic acid and rhamnose by tlc and gas-liquid chromatography analyses of the corresponding neutral disaccharide. the structure of eps was identified by methylation linkage analysis and nu ... | 2002 | 12224639 |
| [experimental research on the pathogenicity of certain ferruginous bacteria]. | | 1963 | 14170979 |
| phylogeny of the sphaerotilus-leptothrix group inferred from morphological comparisons, genomic fingerprinting, and 16s ribosomal dna sequence analyses. | phase-contrast light microscopy revealed that only one of eight cultivated strains belonging to the sphaerotilus-leptothrix group of sheathed bacteria actually produced a sheath in standard growth media. two sphaerotilus natans strains produced branched cells, but other morphological characteristics that were used to identify these bacteria were consistent with previously published descriptions. genomic fingerprints, which were obtained by performing pcr amplification with primers corresponding ... | 1996 | 8573492 |
| diversity and seasonal variability of beta-proteobacteria in biofilms of polluted rivers: analysis by temperature gradient gel electrophoresis and cloning. | the beta-subgroup of the proteobacteria has been shown to be important in aquatic habitats and was investigated in depth here by molecular 16s rrna techniques in biofilms of the elbe river and its polluted tributary, the spittelwasser river. the bacterial 16s rrna genes were cloned from each site, screened for beta-proteobacterial clones and sequenced. river biofilm clones from both rivers grouped into 9 clusters (rbfs). rbfs 1, 2, and 3 fell into the recently described betai cluster of cosmopol ... | 2003 | 12902230 |
| characterization of bacterial communities from activated sludge: culture-dependent numerical identification versus in situ identification using group- and genus-specific rrna-targeted oligonucleotide probes | the structures of bacterial communities were studied in activated sludge samples obtained from the aerobic and anaerobic zones of a wastewater treatment plant showing enhanced phosphorous removal. samples were analyzed by in situ hybridization with oligonucleotide probes complementary to selected regions of the 16s and 23s ribosomal rna (rrna) characteristic for defined phylogenetic entities (genera and larger groups). the microbial community structures revealed by molecular techniques were comp ... | 1996 | 8688004 |
| a survey of filamentous organisms at the deer island treatment plant. | the deer island treatment plant (ditp) treating both domestic and industrial wastewater, has a peak flow capacity of up to 1270 million gallons per day (mgd) (3342 m3 min(-1). the ditp contains a pilot plant, which consists of two identical pure oxygen activated sludge treatment trains, each with a maximum capacity of 1 mgd (2.63 m3 min(-1)) to simulate the maximum flow of the full size facility. this study documents the community of filamentous organisms living in the activatedsludge under vari ... | 2003 | 12916837 |
| modeling of chlorine effect on floc forming and filamentous micro-organisms of activated sludges. | chlorination is the most economical, non-specific method to control the excessive growth of filamentous micro-organisms causing bulking in activated sludge systems in the treatment of food industrial wastewaters; it was one of the first methods used to control filamentous bulking and is still widely employed. considering that chlorination affects both floc-forming and filamentous micro-organisms and leaves undesirable disinfection by-products, it is necessary to define the adequate doses to cont ... | 2003 | 12691895 |
| impact of the repetition of oxygen deficiencies on the filamentous bacteria proliferation in activated sludge. | cases of low stress can frequently occur in a wastewater treatment plant (wwtp). as they have no visible impact on the plant operation, they generally go unnoticed. nevertheless, it would appear that an accumulation of such cases can result in serious operational problems. the impact of the repeated application of oxygen deficiency on the proliferation of the filamentous bacteria sphaerotilus natans, haliscomenobacter hydrossis, eikelboom type 021n and thiothrix spp has been studied on wwtp pilo ... | 2003 | 12691883 |
| isolation and preservation of cultures of sphaerotilus. | | 1961 | 13723718 |
| [microbial indices of saprophytic conditions of water supply polluted by industrial sewage. physiology and ecology of filiform bacteria from the family cladothrix]. | | 1961 | 14490764 |
| [physiologic research on the nutrition and metabolism of sphaerotilus natans]. | | 1955 | 13303228 |
| sphaerotilus, its nature and economic significance. | | 1961 | 13887196 |
| growth rate of the bacterium sphaerotilus natans in lead-containing medium and the effect of calcium ions. | growth rate of bacteria sphaerotilus natans in lead-containing medium (1 x 10(-4) m pb2+) and bioaccumulation of lead in the bacterial cells were investigated together with the effect of calcium ions on these processes. a rapid increase in biomass was observed in the presence of calcium and lead whereas calcium alone had no visible effect on the bacterial growth. the increase in biomass in the presence of lead and calcium was accompanied by a pronounced drop in lead content in the bacterial cell ... | 1984 | 6489292 |
| [on the structure of the sheath of the bacterium sphaerotilus natans kuetz]. | | 1960 | 13786893 |
| [changes of bacterial infestation in decomposition of the dead mass of sphaerotilus natans]. | | 1963 | 13944260 |
| [microbial saprogenic indices in water polluted by industrial sewage. i. filamentous bacteria from the family cladothrix. (a method, morphology and relationship to physical factors in the medium)]. | | 1961 | 13740034 |
| factors affecting filamentous growth of sphaerotilus natans. | filamentous growth in cultures of sphaerotilus natans can be measured and compared with total growth by a standardized procedure of winding filaments around an inoculating needle. filaments and residual growth are then separately washed on millipore filters, dried, and weighed. this method has been used to study changes in the growth habit of s. natans elicited by changes in the concentration of nutrients in the medium. the concentration of peptone, in a medium containing a sugar, phosphate buff ... | 1961 | 13897283 |
| composition of an extracellular poly-saccharide produced by sphaerotilus natans. | the capsular polysaccharide of sphaerotilus natans has been isolated, purified, and analyzed. chromatographic and chemical analyses performed on acid hydrolyzates of the purified material have shown that the major components are fucose, galactose, glucose, and glucuronic acid in approximately equimolar amounts. glucose and glucuronic acid are believed to occur as an aldobiuronic acid unit. | 1962 | 13897282 |
| simple and rapid method for demonstrating microbial capsules by phase-contrast microscopy. | | 1963 | 14044012 |
| investigations on the sphaerotilusleptothrix group. | | 1963 | 14047145 |
| pattern of sheath synthesis in sphaerotilus natans. | romano, antonio h. (university of cincinnati, cincinnati, ohio), and dorothy j. geason. pattern of sheath synthesis in sphaerotilus natans. j. bacteriol. 88:1145-1150. 1964.-formation of the characteristic sheath of sphaerotilus natans was followed by immunofluorescence. fluorescent antisheath antibody was obtained by injecting rabbits with purified sheath material from s. natans, fractionating the serum with ammonium sulfate, and conjugating the globulin fraction with fluorescein isothiocyanate ... | 1964 | 14219030 |
| paenibacillus koleovorans sp. nov., able to grow on the sheath of sphaerotilus natans. | two bacterial strains that are able to grow specifically on the sheath of a sheathed filamentous bacterium, sphaerotilus natans, were isolated from soil samples. the sheath-degrading organisms, designated strains tb(t) and tk, are facultatively anaerobic and form endospores. the gram reaction was negative at all stages of cultivation. the optimum growth temperature and ph were 30 degrees c and ph 7. the dna g+c content was 54.0-55.8 mol%. mk-7 was the predominant menaquinone and anteiso-c15:0 wa ... | 2002 | 12361261 |
| multi-metallic modelling for biosorption of binary systems. | in this paper a specially propagated biomass of sphaerotilus natans was tested as adsorbent for binary solutions of cu-cd, cu-pb and cu--zn at different equilibrium ph. the experimental results outline the buffering effect of h+ at low ph. which masks the competition among metals. in each binary system the biomass affinity follows the acidic properties of the heavy metals probably due to an ionic exchange mechanism operating among active sites and metals in solution. the experimental results wer ... | 2002 | 12405418 |
| metal speciation and ph effect on pb, cu, zn and cd biosorption onto sphaerotilus natans: langmuir-type empirical model. | biosorption data of lead, copper, zinc and cadmium onto sphaerotilus natans at different equilibrium ph (3-5 units) were here reported and analysed. experimental results outlined the positive effect of ph increase on pollutant uptake and also the biomass affinity series (pb > cu > zn > cd) reflecting the hydrolytic properties of metals. an original empirical model was proposed to represent the effect of ph on heavy metal biosorption inserting q(max) vs. ph empirical functions into the classical ... | 2003 | 12688697 |
| composition of the sheath of sphaerotilus natans. | romano, antonio h. (university of cincinnati, cincinnati, ohio) and joyce p. peloquin. composition of the sheath of sphaerotilus natans. j. bacteriol. 86:252-258. 1963.-the sheath of sphaerotilus natans was isolated and subjected to chemical analysis. isolation of the sheaths was accomplished by incubating cells in the presence of lysozyme and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid in tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane buffer and adding sodium dodecyl sulfate subsequently. under these conditions, there wa ... | 1963 | 14058949 |
| requirement of sphaerotilus for cyanocobalamin. | okrend, harold (rutgers, the state university, new brunswick, n.j.), and norman c. dondero. requirement of sphaerotilus for cyanocobalamin. j. bacteriol. 87:286-292. 1964.-cultures of sphaerotilus grew well in a culture medium containing pancreatic digest of casein, glycerol, and yeast autolysate, but grew poorly in a defined medium containing monosodium glutamate, glycerol, and salts. measurement of dry weight, cell nitrogen, and deoxyribonucleic acid showed that the addition of 1.0 mmug/ml of ... | 1964 | 14151046 |
| isolation and identification of the sudanophilic granules of sphaerotilus natans. | rouf, m. a. (washington state university, pullman) and j. l. stokes. isolation and identification of the sudanophilic granules of sphaerotilus natans. j. bacteriol. 83:343-347. 1962.-the characteristic and prominent sudanophilic granules in five strains of sphaerotilus natans were shown to be composed of poly-beta-hydroxybutyric acid by the method of isolation, melting point determinations, and infrared absorption spectrum analyses. the polymer may account for 11.0 to 22.5% of the dry weight of ... | 1962 | 14494507 |
| structure and composition of biological slimes on paper and board machines. | biological slimes (biofilms) collected from the wet end of paper and board machines were examined by electron microscopy and analyzed for fatty acid composition, neutral sugar composition, and atp. electron microscopy revealed minuscule prokaryotic organisms (diameter, 0.2 to 0.4 mum). larger cells morphologically resembling sphaerotilus and leptothrix spp. were found in slimes from machines using recycled fiber or unbleached pulp. the bacteria were embedded in a slimy matrix and often contained ... | 1994 | 16349191 |
| utilization of inorganic nitrogen compounds by sphaerotilus natans growing in a continuous-flow apparatus. | sphaerotilus natans was grown, attached, in a continuous-flow apparatus with inorganic nitrogen compounds (nh(4)cl, nano(2), or nano(3)) as the only sources of nitrogen. the growth rate with nh(4)-containing medium did not differ from that with media containing glutamate or casitone as the nitrogen source. | 1967 | 16349722 |
| a novel gene encoding an enzyme that degrades a polysaccharide from the sheath of sphaerotilus natans. | a gene encoding an enzyme that is able to depolymerize the basic polysaccharide prepared from the sheath of sphaerotilus natans was identified in a sheath-degrading bacterium, paenibacillus koleovorans. the gene was constructed from 2217 bp coding for 738 amino acids, including the signal sequence of 34 amino acids. no closely related protein or gene was indicated by a homology search. the gene was expressed in escherichia coli as a glutathione s-transferase fusion protein. the fusion protein de ... | 2003 | 14586129 |
| structure of the polysaccharide isolated from the sheath of sphaerotilus natans. | a polysaccharide was isolated from the sheath of a sheathed bacterium, sphaerotilus natans. the sheath polysaccharide (sps) was composed of d-glucose and d-(n-acetyl)galactosamine in molar ratios of 1:4. methylation linkage analysis revealed the presence of the residues of 4-linked glucose, 4-linked (n-acetyl)galactosamine, and 3-linked (n-acetyl)galactosamine in molar ratios of 1:3:1. the oligomer of sps was prepared with an sps-specific degrading enzyme from a sheath-degrading bacterium, paeni ... | 2003 | 14607370 |
| modelling of the acid-base properties of natural and synthetic adsorbent materials used for heavy metal removal from aqueous solutions. | in this paper a comparison about kinetic behaviour, acid-base properties and copper removal capacities was carried out between two different adsorbent materials used for heavy metal removal from aqueous solutions: an aminodiacetic chelating resin as commercial product (lewatit tp207) and a lyophilised bacterial biomass of sphaerotilus natans. the acid-base properties of a s. natans cell suspension were well described by simplified mechanistic models without electrostatic corrections considering ... | 2004 | 14637348 |
| hrt and nutrients affect bacterial communities grown on recirculation aquaculture system effluents. | in a recirculation aquaculture system the drumfilter effluent can be used as substrate for heterotrophic bacterial production, which can be recycled as feed. because the bacteria might contain pathogens, which could reduce its suitability as feed, it is important to characterize these communities. bacteria were produced in growth reactors under different conditions: 7 h hydraulic retention time (hrt) vs. 2 h, sodium acetate vs. molasses, and ammonia vs. nitrate. the community of the drumfilter e ... | 2007 | 17371322 |
| industrial wastes and pesticides--avenues through which they affect water quality and aquatic life. | | 1963 | 14113670 |
| characterization of biofilms occurred in seepage groundwater contaminated with petroleum within an urban subway tunnel. | biofilms occurring in seepage groundwater contaminated with petroleum in an urban subway drainage system were characterized. the development of biofilms was observed only in the sites where petroleum-contaminated groundwater had seeped or was seeping. moreover, the conditions of the biofilms such as color and development extent were influenced by the amount of spilled petroleum: by increasing the amount of spilled petroleum, the amount of biofilms increased and its color whitened. it deteriorate ... | 2004 | 15055931 |
| relationship of species-specific filament levels to filamentous bulking in activated sludge. | to examine the relationship between activated-sludge bulking and levels of specific filamentous bacteria, we developed a statistics-based quantification method for estimating the biomass levels of specific filaments using 16s rrna-targeted fluorescent in situ hybridization (fish) probes. the results of quantitative fish for the filament sphaerotilus natans were similar to the results of quantitative membrane hybridization in a sample from a full-scale wastewater treatment plant. laboratory-scale ... | 2004 | 15066840 |
| effect of chlorine on filamentous microorganisms present in activated sludge as evaluated by respirometry and int-dehydrogenase activity. | activated sludge technology is more used than any other for biological treatment of wastewater. however, filamentous bulking is a very common problem in activated sludge plants, chlorine being the chemical agent normally used to control it. in this work the effect of chlorine on microorganisms present in activated sludge flocs was assessed by a respirometric technique (oxygen uptake rate, our) and by the int-dehydrogenase activity test (dha) measured by two techniques: spectrophotometry (dha(a)) ... | 2004 | 15142801 |
| reduction of hexavalent chromium by sphaerotilus natans a filamentous micro-organism present in activated sludges. | wastewaters produced by various industries may contain undesirable amounts of hexavalent chromium (cr(vi)), as chromate and dichromate, a hazardous metal affecting flora and animals of aquatic ecosystems as well as human health. one removal strategy comprises the microbial reduction of cr(vi) to cr(iii), a less soluble chemical species that is less toxic than cr(vi). in this work, the ability to reduce cr(vi) of sphaerotilus natans, a filamentous bacterium usually found in activated sludge syste ... | 2008 | 18215460 |
| production of polyhydroxyalkanoate during treatment of low-phosphorus-content wastewater. | to evaluate whether poly-beta-hydroxyalkanoate (pha) production and wastewater treatment could be combined in a single biological process, a bench-scale sequencing batch reactor was operated with sequential anaerobic and aerobic stages and removal of excess sludge at different stages of treatment. the reactor treated synthetic wastewater with a high organic and low nutrient content, simulating industrial wastewater. chemical oxygen demand removal efficiency was more than 90% in all cases. poly-b ... | 2004 | 15508428 |
| paenibacillus hodogayensis sp. nov., capable of degrading the polysaccharide produced by sphaerotilus natans. | sphaerotilus natans is a sheathed bacterium often found in activated sludge that has a bulking problem. a bacterial strain that is able to degrade the extracellular polysaccharide produced by s. natans was isolated. the isolate was a spore-forming, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium. the gram reaction was variable or negative. the optimum growth temperature was 30 degrees c and the optimum ph was 8. the g+c content of the dna was 55 mol%. the major cellular fatty acid and respiratory quinone were ant ... | 2005 | 15774654 |
| effects of fatty acids on growth and poly-3-hydroxybutyrate production in bacteria. | the effects of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids (lauric acid, palmitic acid, steric acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, soybean oil) on sphaerotilus natans, 0b17 (pseudomonas sp.), and recombinant escherichia coli dh5(/puc19/cab were studied. oleic acid enhances poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (phb) production in these three bacterial strains, suggesting that the single double bond of the acid activates the polyhydroxylkanoate accumulation enzymatic reaction. under the effect of lauric acid and linolei ... | 2005 | 15920264 |
| influence of pharmaceutical residues on the structure of activated sludge bacterial communities in wastewater treatment bioreactors. | concern is growing over contamination of the environment with pharmaceuticals because of their widespread use and incomplete removal during wastewater treatment, where microorganisms drive the key processes. the influence of pharmaceuticals on bacterial community structure in activated sludge was assessed in small-scale wastewater treatment bioreactors containing different concentrations (5, 50, 200 and 500microgl(-1)) of several commonly used pharmaceuticals (ibuprofen, naproxen, ketoprofen, di ... | 2008 | 18786690 |
| novel approach to quantitative detection of specific rrna in a microbial community, using catalytic dna. | we developed a novel method for the quantitative detection of the 16s rrna of a specific bacterial species in the microbial community by using deoxyribozyme (dnazyme), which possesses the catalytic function to cleave rna in a sequence-specific manner. a mixture of heterogeneous 16s rrna containing the target 16s rrna was incubated with a species-specific dnazyme. the cleaved target 16s rrna was separated from the intact 16s rrna by electrophoresis, and then their amounts were compared for the qu ... | 2005 | 16085888 |
| a broad-host-range, generalized transducing phage (sn-t) acquires 16s rrna genes from different genera of bacteria. | genomic analysis has revealed heterogeneity among bacterial 16s rrna gene sequences within a single species; yet the cause(s) remains uncertain. generalized transducing bacteriophages have recently gained recognition for their abundance as well as their ability to affect lateral gene transfer and to harbor bacterial 16s rrna gene sequences. here, we demonstrate the ability of broad-host-range, generalized transducing phages to acquire 16s rrna genes and gene sequences. using pcr and primers spec ... | 2005 | 16332816 |
| ionic strength effect on copper biosorption by sphaerotilus natans: equilibrium study and dynamic modelling in membrane reactor. | biosorption of copper by sphaerotilus natans in different conditions of ionic strength and ph was studied by performing sorption tests in batch and membrane reactors. equilibrium batch tests evidenced the negative effect of ionic strength and the positive effect of ph on biosorption performances: the highest determined value for copper specific uptake, q, was about 60 mg/g at ph 6 and about 15 mg/g at ph 4. a competitive equilibrium model was successfully fitted to experimental data at different ... | 2006 | 16337255 |
| about the performance of sphaerotilus natans to reduce hexavalent chromium in batch and continuous reactors. | the hexavalent chromium biological reduction constitutes a safe and economical detoxification procedure of wastewaters containing cr(vi). however, little research has been done to evaluate cr(vi) tolerance and reduction capacity of microbial cultures under different growth conditions. the aims of this work were (a) to evaluate the capacity of sphaerotilus natans to reduce cr(vi) to cr(iii) in a continuous system limited in carbon and energy source or in nitrogen source, (b) to evaluate the toxic ... | 2009 | 19345486 |
| [structural-functional transformation of the malate dehydrogenase system of the bacterium sphaerotilus sp. strain d-507 depending on nutritional mode]. | high-purity preparations of malate dehydrogenase (ec 1.1.1.37) were obtained by multistage purification from the bacterium sphaerotilus sp. strain d-507 growing under different conditions. under organotrophic conditions, the enzyme was dimeric; under mixotrophic conditions, dimeric and trimeric. on the basis of studied properties of the enzyme preparations, data on the activity of enzymes of the glyoxylate and tricarboxylic-acid cycles, and analysis of published data, it can be concluded that ma ... | 2009 | 19548613 |
| selective growth inhibition of sphaerotilus natans and beggiatoa sp. by nucleosides. | 9-beta-d-arabinofuranosyladenine (ara-a) has been found to specifically inhibit the growth of sphaerotilus natans and beggiatoa sp. at a low concentration (0.78 mug/ml). the nucleoside had no antimicrobial activity against various microorganisms other than candida albicans at 1,000 mug/ml. 3'-deoxyadenosine, 2'-deoxyadenosine, formycin, and some derivatives of ara-a also showed inhibitory activity against sphaerotilus natans. the growth of beggiatoa sp. was also inhibited by 9-beta-arabinofurano ... | 1978 | 16345327 |
| combined chemical-biological treatment for prevention/rehabilitation of clogged wells by an iron-oxidizing bacterium. | groundwater wells containing large concentrations of ferrous iron face serious clogging problems as a result of biotic iron oxidation. following a short time after their start off, wells get clogged, and their production efficiency drop significantly up to a total obstruction, making cleanup and rehabilitation an economic burden. the present study was undertaken to test an experimental combined treatment (chemical and biological) for future prevention or rehabilitation of clogged wells. sphaerot ... | 2010 | 20297817 |
| attached growth of sphaerotilus natans in continuous-flow apparatus and its growth inhibition by 9-beta-d-arabinofuranosyladenine. | sphaerotilus natans grew at the maximum specific growth rate (mu(max)) of 0.43/h when cultivated on pgy medium at 25 degrees c. the organism mainly grew attached to inside of the culture vessels when the culture medium was fed to the completely mixed continuous-flow apparatus at a dilution rate above mu(max) and the attached growth was directly related to the dilution rate. when a low concentration of the medium was supplied to the apparatus, almost all of the cells grown were filamentous and at ... | 1979 | 16345420 |