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induction of secondary metabolism of aspergillus terreus atcc 20542 in the batch bioreactor cultures.cultivation of aspergillus terreus atcc 20542 in a stirred tank bioreactor was performed to induce the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and provide the bioprocess-related insights into the metabolic capabilities of the investigated strain. the activation of biosynthetic routes was attempted by the diversification of process conditions and growth media. several strategies were tested, including the addition of rapeseed oil or inulin, changing the concentration of nitrogen source, reduction o ...201626603760
geographically predominant genotypes of aspergillus terreus species complex in austria: s microsatellite typing study.aspergillus terreus species complex is recognized as a frequent agent of invasive aspergillosis in tyrol. the reason for this specific epidemiological situation is unclear. aspergillus terreus strains isolated from environmental and clinical sources were genotyped using a novel panel of short tandem repeats and were evaluated for virulence. three major endemic genotypes collected from the inn region and its side valleys were found to cause the majority of invasive a. terreus infections. all of t ...201626577144
do cultural conditions induce differential protein expression: profiling of extracellular proteome of aspergillus terreus cm20.the present study reports the diversity in extracellular proteins expressed by the filamentous fungus, aspergillus terreus cm20 with respect to differential hydrolytic enzyme production profiles in submerged fermentation (smf) and solid-state fermentation (ssf) conditions, and analysis of the extracellular proteome. the ssf method was superior in terms of increase in enzyme activities resulting in 1.5-3 fold enhancement as compared to smf, which was explained by the difference in growth pattern ...201627664725
purification of lovastatin from aspergillus terreus (km017963) and evaluation of its anticancer and antioxidant properties.cervical cancer is the second most common malignancy in women worldwide and thus one of the leading causes of mortality in women. lovastatin, a non polar, anticholesterol drug has previously been reported to exert antitumour activity in vitro. in the present study, lovastatin from aspergillus terreus (km017963) was purified by adsorption chromatography and evaluated for its anticancer and anti-oxidant properties with a human cervical cancer cell line (hela). growth inhibitory and proapoptotic ef ...201627644619
development of miniaturized culture systems for large screening of mycelial fungal cells of aspergillus terreus producing itaconic acid.the task of improving a fungal strain is both expensive and time-consuming due to the fact that it requires a large number of flasks and fermenters in order to obtain a library with enough diversity. in addition, fermentations (particularly those for fungal cells) are typically performed in high-volume (100~250 ml) shake-flasks. in this study, for large and rapid screening of high-yielding mutants of itaconic acid (ia)-producing aspergillus terreus, we attempted to develop a miniaturized culture ...201627840400
gentamicin removal in submerged fermentation using the novel fungal strain aspergillus terreus fzc3.social concern and awareness of the potential risk posed by environmental residues of antibiotics such as gentamicin in the development of antibiotic resistance genes have increased. the present study used laboratory-scale experiments to develop methods for gentamicin removal from the environment. a fungus, strain fzc3, which could remove gentamicin in submerged fermentation, was isolated from solid waste and sewage water from a gentamicin production factory. the fungus was identified as aspergi ...201627775038
genetic and biochemical insights into the itaconate pathway of ustilago maydis enable enhanced production.the ustilaginaceae family of smut fungi, especially ustilago maydis, gained biotechnological interest over the last years, amongst others due to its ability to naturally produce the versatile bio-based building block itaconate. along with itaconate, u. maydis also produces 2-hydroxyparaconate. the latter was proposed to be derived from itaconate, but the underlying biochemistry and associated genes were thus far unknown. here, we confirm that 2-hydroxyparaconate is a secondary metabolite of u. m ...201627750034
recurrent aspergillus terreus endophthalmitis from focal bronchiectasis. 201627715366
fungal endocarditis presenting with right lumbar pain and femoral artery ischemia - an unusual case report.fungal endocarditis is a rare entity which has a poor outcome. our case reports an atypical presentation of similar pathology now presenting with femoral artery ischemia in an immune competent individual. a 62-year asian male presented with sudden onset of right sided lumbar pain. initial clinical exam was consistent with right sided renal colic. intravenous analgesia did not relieve the pain. repeat clinical examination revealed absent right femoral artery pulsation. the patient underwent a com ...201627995211
asperterpenes a and b, two unprecedented meroterpenoids from aspergillus terreus with bace1 inhibitory activities.asperterpenes a (1) and b (2), two 3,5-dimethylorsellinic acid-based meroterpenoids that contain a unique β-oriented me-21 with an unprecedented 1,2,5-trimethyl-4,9-dioxobicyclo[3.3.1]non-2-ene-3-carboxylic acid moiety, were obtained from aspergillus terreus in very limited amounts of 3.6 mg and 1.8 mg, respectively. the absolute structure of 1 was determined using x-ray diffraction. because of the low yield of 1, a comprehensive characterization of the bace1 inhibitory activities of 1 was compl ...201628042460
onychomycosis caused by aspergillus terreus. 201627348329
[identification of target extracellular proteases--activators of proteins of haemostasis system produced by micromycetes aspergillus ochraceus and aspergillus terreus].effects of extracellular proteases of aspergillus ochraceus and aspergillus terreus on plasma hemostasis proteins, consist of initiating the activation of prothrombin complex proteins, was detected. was discovered, that a. ochraceus proteases have a direct influence on protein c and coagulation factor x, and a. terreus proteases causes their activation indirectly through kallikrein system stimulation. the ability of extracellular proteases of micromycetes activate prekallikrein in human blood pl ...201626762093
model-based metabolic engineering enables high yield itaconic acid production by escherichia coli.itaconic acid is a high potential platform chemical which is currently industrially produced by aspergillus terreus. heterologous production of itaconic acid with escherichia coli could help to overcome limitations of a. terreus regarding slow growth and high sensitivity to oxygen supply. however, the performance achieved so far with e. coli strains is still low. we introduced a plasmid (pcadcs) carrying genes for itaconic acid production into e. coli and applied a model-based approach to constr ...201627269589
rewiring a secondary metabolite pathway towards itaconic acid production in aspergillus niger.the industrially relevant filamentous fungus aspergillus niger is widely used in industry for its secretion capabilities of enzymes and organic acids. biotechnologically produced organic acids promise to be an attractive alternative for the chemical industry to replace petrochemicals. itaconic acid (ia) has been identified as one of the top twelve building block chemicals which have high potential to be produced by biotechnological means. the ia biosynthesis cluster (cada, mtta and mfsa) has bee ...201627469970
molecular cloning and sequence analysis of a pvgox gene encoding glucose oxidase in penicillium viticola f1 strain and it's expression quantitation.the pvgox gene (accession number: kt452630) was isolated from genomic dna of the marine fungi penicillium viticola f1 by genome walking and their expression analysis was done by fluorescent rt-pcr. an open reading frame of 1806bp encoding a 601 amino acid protein (isoelectric point: 5.01) with a calculated molecular weight of 65,535.4 was characterized. the deduced protein showed 75%, 71%, 69% and 64% identity to those deduced from the glucose oxidase (gox) genes from different fungal strains in ...201627425865
effect of fungal mycelia on the hplc-uv and uv-vis spectrophotometric assessment of mycelium-bound epoxide hydrolase using glycidyl phenyl ether.the use of mycelia as biocatalysts has technical and economic advantages. however, there are several difficulties in obtaining accurate results in mycelium-catalysed reactions. firstly, sample extraction, indispensable because of the presence of mycelia, can bring into the extract components with a similar structure to that of the analyte of interest; secondly, mycelia can influence the recovery of the analyte. we prepared calibration standards of 3-phenoxy-1,2-propanediol (ppd) in the pure solv ...201626902669
bioleaching of rare earth elements from monazite sand.three fungal strains were found to be capable of bioleaching rare earth elements from monazite, a rare earth phosphate mineral, utilizing the monazite as a phosphate source and releasing rare earth cations into solution. these organisms include one known phosphate solubilizing fungus, aspergillus niger atcc 1015, as well as two newly isolated fungi: an aspergillus terreus strain ml3-1 and a paecilomyces spp. strain we3-f. although monazite also contains the radioactive element thorium, bioleachi ...201626332985
engineering fungal nonribosomal peptide synthetase-like enzymes by heterologous expression and domain swapping.a facile genetic methodology in the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans allowed the exchange of various domains in nonribosomal peptide synthase (nrps)-like enzymes from aspergillus terreus. the newly generated engineered enzymes are capable of producing compounds with different chemical structures than its parent enzyme in vivo. this work provides insight in the programing of nonribosomal peptide biosynthesis in filamentous fungi.201627978657
the functional properties of a xyloglucanase (gh12) of aspergillus terreus expressed in aspergillus nidulans may increase performance of biomass degradation.filamentous fungi are attractive hosts for heterologous protein expression due to their capacity to secrete large amounts of enzymes into the extracellular medium. xyloglucanases, which specifically hydrolyze xyloglucan, have been recently applied in lignocellulosic biomass degradation and conversion in many other industrial processes. in this context, this work aimed to clone, express, and determine the functional properties of a recombinant xyloglucanase (atxeg12) from aspergillus terreus, and ...201627245677
characterization of the product of a nonribosomal peptide synthetase-like (nrps-like) gene using the doxycycline dependent tet-on system in aspergillus terreus.genome sequencing of the fungus aspergillus terreus uncovered a number of silent core structural biosynthetic genes encoding enzymes presumed to be involved in the production of cryptic secondary metabolites. there are five nonribosomal peptide synthetase (nrps)-like genes with the predicted a-t-te domain architecture within the a. terreus genome. among the five genes, only the product of pgna remains unknown. the tet-on system is an inducible, tunable and metabolism-independent expression syste ...201626851300
comparative performance evaluation of multi-metal resistant fungal strains for simultaneous removal of multiple hazardous metals.in the present study, five fungal strains viz., aspergillus terreus aml02, paecilomyces fumosoroseus 4099, beauveria bassiana 4580, aspergillus terreus pd-17, aspergillus fumigatus pd-18, were screened for simultaneous multimetal removal. highest metal tolerance index for each individual metal viz., cd, cr, cu, ni, pb and zn (500mg/l) was recorded for a. fumigatus for the metals (cd, 0.72; cu, 0.72; pb, 1.02; zn, 0.94) followed by b. bassiana for the metals (cd, 0.56; cu, 0.14; ni, 0.29; zn, 0.8 ...201627497228
pseudallescheria boydii with aspergillus fumigatus and aspergillus terreus in a critically ill hematopoietic stem cell recipient with ards.pseudallescheria boydii is a fungal organism known to affect immunocompromised patients. this organism is known to cause, in severe cases, invasive infection of various organs such as the central nervous, cardiovascular, and respiratory systems. we report an unusual case of pulmonary p. boydii pneumonia in an immunocompromised critically ill patient with a co-infection of aspergillus fumigatus and aspergillus terreus with ards. this case highlights the importance of a high index of suspicion for ...201626455910
agents that activate the high osmolarity glycerol pathway as a means to combat pathogenic molds.treatment of invasive fungal infections often fails due to the limited number of therapeutic options. in this study, we have analyzed the impact of agents activating the high osmolarity glycerol (hog) pathway on molds that cause infections in humans and livestock. we found that agents like fludioxonil and iprodione, have a clear anti-fungal activity against pathogenic aspergillus, lichtheimia, rhizopus and scedosporium species. only a. terreus turned out to be resistant to fludioxonil, even thou ...201627713026
green synthesis of nanosilver particles by aspergillus terreus ha1n and penicillium expansum ha2n and its antifungal activity against mycotoxigenic fungi.the aim of this study was to synthesize silver nanoparticles (agnps) by an eco-friendly and low-cost method using the fungi aspergillus terreus ha1n and penicillium expansum ha2n as an alternative to chemical procedures mostly requiring drastic experimental conditions emitting toxic chemical byproducts. also, this study has been extended to evaluate the effect of agnps on the growth of some mycotoxigenic fungi and ochratoxin a (ota) produced by aspergillus ochraceus.201627002915
assessment of relevant fungal species in clinical solid wastes.the study aimed to determine the fungal diversity in clinical waste samples from a healthcare facility in penang malaysia. different fungi species were detected in 83.75 % of the 92 clinical waste samples that were screened from different sections of the healthcare facility. one hundred fifty fungal isolates comprising of 8 genera and 36 species were obtained. they were purified by using single spore isolation technique. subsequently, the isolates were identified by phenotypic method based on mo ...201627417327
characterizing mtta as a mitochondrial cis-aconitic acid transporter by metabolic engineering.the mitochondrial carrier protein mtta is involved in the biosynthesis of itaconic acid in aspergillus terreus. in this paper, the transport specificity of mtta is analyzed making use of different metabolically engineered aspergillus niger strains. furthermore, the mitochondrial localization of this protein is confirmed using fluorescence microscopy. it was found that mtta preferentially transports cis-aconitic acid over citric acid and does not transport itaconic acid. the expression of mtta in ...201626875555
replacement of two amino acids of 9r-dioxygenase-allene oxide synthase of aspergillus niger inverts the chirality of the hydroperoxide and the allene oxide.the genome of aspergillus niger codes for a fusion protein (eha25900), which can be aligned with ~50% sequence identity to 9s-dioxygenase (dox)-allene oxide synthase (aos) of fusarium oxysporum, homologues of the fusarium and colletotrichum complexes and with over 62% sequence identity to homologues of aspergilli, including (dox)-9r-aos of aspergillus terreus. the aims were to characterize the enzymatic activities of eha25900 and to identify crucial amino acids for the stereospecificity. recombi ...201626603902
a non-canonical melanin biosynthesis pathway protects aspergillus terreus conidia from environmental stress.melanins are ubiquitous pigments found in all kingdoms of life. most organisms use them for protection from environmental stress, although some fungi employ melanins as virulence determinants. the human pathogenic fungus aspergillus fumigatus and related ascomycetes produce dihydroxynaphthalene- (dhn) melanin in their spores, the conidia, and use it to inhibit phagolysosome acidification. however, biosynthetic origin of melanin in a related fungus, aspergillus terreus, has remained a mystery bec ...201627133313
high cell density cultivation of six fungal strains efficient in azo dye bioremediation.this work aims at optimizing the high cell density fungal cultivation for producing large quantities of fungal biomass to be used in azo dye residues bioremediation. in our previous studies the efficacy of using certain fungal strains to decolorize a range of commercial textile dyes of different structures (azo, disazo) were investigated. several promising fungal strains belonging to aspergillus tubigenesis, aspergillus niger, aspergillus terreus, and aspergillus fumigates demonstrated high capa ...201628352548
genetic diversity of aspergillus species isolated from onychomycosis and aspergillus hongkongensis sp. nov., with implications to antifungal susceptibility testing.thirteen aspergillus isolates recovered from nails of 13 patients (fingernails, n=2; toenails, n=11) with onychomycosis were characterized. twelve strains were identified by multilocus sequencing as aspergillus spp. (aspergillus sydowii [n=4], aspergillus welwitschiae [n=3], aspergillus terreus [n=2], aspergillus flavus [n=1], aspergillus tubingensis [n=1], and aspergillus unguis [n=1]). isolates of a. terreus, a. flavus, and a. unguis were also identifiable by matrix-assisted laser desorption/i ...201626658315
biosynthetic pathway of the reduced polyketide product citreoviridin in aspergillus terreus var. aureus revealed by heterologous expression in aspergillus nidulans.citreoviridin (1) belongs to a class of f1-atpase β-subunit inhibitors that are synthesized by highly reducing polyketide synthases. these potent mycotoxins share an α-pyrone polyene structure, and they include aurovertin, verrucosidin, and asteltoxin. the identification of the citreoviridin biosynthetic gene cluster in aspergillus terreus var. aureus and its reconstitution using heterologous expression in aspergillus nidulans are reported. two intermediates were isolated that allowed the propos ...201626954888
pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis of voriconazole against candida spp. and aspergillus spp. in children, adolescents and adults by monte carlo simulation.the objective of this study was to investigate the cumulative fraction of response of various voriconazole dosing regimens against six candida and six aspergillus spp. in immunocompromised children, immunocompromised adolescents, and adults. using pharmacokinetic parameters and pharmacodynamic data, 5000-subject monte carlo simulations (mcss) were conducted to evaluate the ability of simulated dosing strategies in terms of fauc/mic targets of voriconazole. according to the results of the mcss, c ...201627179818
microbial pathogens in source and treated waters from drinking water treatment plants in the united states and implications for human health.an occurrence survey was conducted on selected pathogens in source and treated drinking water collected from 25 drinking water treatment plants (dwtps) in the united states. water samples were analyzed for the protozoa giardia and cryptosporidium (epa method 1623); the fungi aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus niger and aspergillus terreus (quantitative pcr [qpcr]); and the bacteria legionella pneumophila (qpcr), mycobacterium avium, m. avium subspecies paratuberculosis, and mycobacterium intrace ...201627260619
occurrence of moulds from bee pollen in central italy--a preliminary study.the present study aimed to preliminary evaluate the occurrence of fungi in 40 specimens of trapped pollen collected from april-september 2015 in 40 apiaries from tuscany (central italy). cultural and microscopical examinations allowed the recognition of cladosporium sp., alternaria sp., humicola sp. mucoraceae and acremonium sp. penicillium brevicompactum, penicillium chrysogenum, aspergillus flavus , aspergillus nidulans, aspergillus niger and aspergillus terreus were also identified. yeasts an ...201627010410
stimulation with lysates of aspergillus terreus, candida krusei and rhizopus oryzae maximizes cross-reactivity of anti-fungal t cells.invasive fungal diseases caused by filamentous fungi and yeasts are significant causes of morbidity and mortality in immunosuppressed hematology patients. we previously published a method to expand aspergillus fumigatus-specific t cells for clinical cell therapy. in the present study, we investigated expansion of t cells specific for other fungal pathogens and creation of a broadly reactive panfungal t-cell product.201626552765
activity of a long-acting echinocandin, cd101, determined using clsi and eucast reference methods, against candida and aspergillus spp., including echinocandin- and azole-resistant isolates.the objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro activity of cd101, a novel echinocandin with a long serum elimination half-life, and comparator (anidulafungin and caspofungin) antifungal agents against a collection of candida and aspergillus spp. isolates.201627287236
purification and biochemical characterization of an extracellular serine peptidase from aspergillus terreus.peptidases are important because they play a central role in pharmaceutical, food, environmental, and other industrial processes. a serine peptidase from aspergillus terreus was isolated after two chromatography steps that showed a yield of 15.5%. its molecular mass was determined to be 43 kd, by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page). this peptidase was active between ph 5.0 to 8.0 and had maximum activity at ph 7.0, at 45°c. when exposited with 1 m of urea, the en ...201625830777
biodegradation of diesel fuel hydrocarbons by mangrove fungi from red sea coast of saudi arabia.mangrove sediments were collected from major mangrove stands on the red sea coast of saudi arabia. forty five isolates belonging to 12 genera were purified and five isolates as well as their consortium were found to be able to grow in association with petroleum oil as sole carbon source under in vitro conditions. the isolated strains were identified based on internal transcribed spacer (its) rdna sequence analysis. the fungal strains with the greatest potentiality to degrade diesel oil, without ...201626981002
causative agents of aspergillosis including cryptic aspergillus species and a. fumigatus.aspergillosis is an important deep mycosis. the causative agents are aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus flavus, aspergillus niger, and aspergillus terreus, of which a. fumigatus is the most prevalent. cryptic aspergillus spp., which morphologically resemble representative species of each aspergillus section, also cause aspergillosis. most of the cryptic species reveal different susceptibility patterns and/or different secondary metabolite profiles, also called exometabolome in this manuscript, f ...201627904060
discrimination of aspergillosis, mucormycosis, fusariosis, and scedosporiosis in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue specimens by use of multiple real-time quantitative pcr assays.in a retrospective multicenter study, 102 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (ffpe) tissue specimens with histopathology results were tested. two 4- to 5-μm ffpe tissue sections from each specimen were digested with proteinase k, followed by automated nucleic acid extraction. multiple real-time quantitative pcr (qpcr) assays targeting the internal transcribed spacer 2 (its2) region of ribosomal dna, using fluorescently labeled primers, was performed to identify clinically important genera and spec ...201627605714
role of nutrients and illuminance in predicting the fate of fungal mediated petroleum hydrocarbon degradation and biomass production.biodegradation and biomass production are affected by numerous environmental factors including ph, oxygen availability and presence of pollutants. the present study, for the first time, elucidated the effects of nutrients and light on mycodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in diesel oil. seven fungal strains (aspergillus terreus fa3, aspergillus niger fa5, aspergillus terreus fa6, penicillium chrysogenum fp4, aspergillus terreus fp6, aspergillus flavus fp10, and candida sp. fg1) were used for ...201627039364
the glycolytic enzyme enolase represents a plasminogen-binding protein on the surface of a wide variety of medically important fungal species.allergies are an increasing issue in human health and can, eventually, cause severe anaphylactic shock. aspergillus fumigatus and candida albicans are leading causes of life-threatening invasive fungal infections in immunocompromised patients, but can also cause severe allergic responses in otherwise healthy individuals. the glycolytic enzyme enolase is known as a major allergen despite its function in intracellular metabolism. therefore, its presentation on surfaces of different fungal species ...201626679571
phylogenetic and structural analysis of polyketide synthases in aspergilli.polyketide synthases (pkss) of aspergillus species are multidomain and multifunctional megaenzymes that play an important role in the synthesis of diverse polyketide compounds. putative pks protein sequences from aspergillus species representing medically, agriculturally, and industrially important aspergillus species were chosen and screened for in silico studies. six candidate aspergillus species, aspergillus fumigatus af293, aspergillus flavus nrrl3357, aspergillus niger cbs 513.88, aspergill ...201627199544
highly active and stable large catalase isolated from a hydrocarbon degrading aspergillus terreus mtcc 6324.a hydrocarbon degrading aspergillus terreus mtcc 6324 produces a high level of extremely active and stable cellular large catalase (cat) during growth on n-hexadecane to combat the oxidative stress caused by the hydrocarbon degrading metabolic machinery inside the cell. a 160-fold purification with specific activity of around 66 × 10(5) u mg(-1) protein was achieved. the native protein molecular mass was 368 ± 5 kda with subunit molecular mass of nearly 90 kda, which indicates that the native ca ...201627057351
aspergillus species as emerging causative agents of onychomycosis.onychomycosis is a common nail infection caused by dermatophytes, non-dermatophyte molds (ndm), and yeasts. aspergillus species are emerging as increasing causes of toenail onychomycosis. the purpose of this study was species delineation of aspergillus spp. isolated from patients with onychomycosis.201525656408
ustilago maydis produces itaconic acid via the unusual intermediate trans-aconitate.itaconic acid is an important biomass-derived chemical building block but has also recently been identified as a metabolite produced in mammals, which has antimicrobial activity. the biosynthetic pathway of itaconic acid has been elucidated in the ascomycetous fungus aspergillus terreus and in human macrophages. in both organisms itaconic acid is generated by decarboxylation of the tricarboxylic acid (tca) cycle intermediate cis-aconitate. here, we show that the basidiomycetous fungus ustilago m ...201526639528
nanosilver-marine fungal chitosan as antibiotic synergizers against sepsis fish bacteria.mortality is highly variable within population of cultured fish due to virulent bacteria causing fish septicemia. the use of nano-silver marine fungal chitosan as antibiotic synergisers could be an alternative in the treatment of sepsis fish pathogens.201526885333
in vitro interactions of antifungal agents and tacrolimus against aspergillus biofilms.aspergillus biofilms were prepared from aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus flavus, and aspergillus terreus via a 96-well plate-based method, and the combined antifungal activity of tacrolimus with azoles or amphotericin b against aspergillus biofilms was investigated via a broth microdilution checkerboard technique system. our results suggest that combinations of tacrolimus with voriconazole or amphotericin b have synergistic inhibitory activity against aspergillus biofilms. however, combination ...201526303797
chronological aging in conidia of pathogenic aspergillus: comparison between species.aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus flavus, aspergillus terreus and aspergillus niger are common airborne fungi, and the most frequent causative agents of human fungal infections. however, the resistance and lifetime persistence of these fungi in the atmosphere, and the mechanism of aging of aspergillus conidia are unknown.with this work, we intended to study the processes underlying conidial aging of these four relevant and pathogenic aspergillus species. chronological aging was therefore evalua ...201526341609
invasive aspergillosis in liver transplant recipients: epidemiology, clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcomes in 116 cases.invasive aspergillosis (ia) in liver transplant recipients is associated with grave outcomes. we reviewed 116 individual cases reported in the literature from 1985 to 2013. ia was diagnosed after a median of 25 days after transplantation and involved a single organ in 51% of the cases, whereas in the remaining cases, multiple sites were involved. the most common infecting aspergillus species were aspergillus fumigatus (73%), aspergillus flavus (14%), and aspergillus terreus (8%). amphotericin b ...201525348192
pcr-rflp on β-tubulin gene for rapid identification of the most clinically important species of aspergillus.aspergillus species are important agents of life-threatening infections in immunosuppressed patients. proper speciation in the aspergilli has been justified based on varied fungal virulence, clinical presentations, and antifungal resistance. accurate identification of aspergillus species usually relies on fungal dna sequencing but this requires expensive equipment that is not available in most clinical laboratories. we developed and validated a discriminative low-cost pcr-based test to discrimin ...201526264625
biodegradation of pesticides using fungi species found in the aquatic environment.relatively limited attention has been given to the presence of fungi in the aquatic environment compared to their occurrence in other matrices. taking advantage and recognizing the biodegradable capabilities of fungi is important, since these organisms may produce many potent enzymes capable of degrading toxic pollutants. therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential ability of some species of filamentous fungi that occur in the aquatic environment to degrade pesticides in untre ...201525860553
molecular epidemiology of aspergillus collected from cystic fibrosis patients.aspergillus respiratory infection is a common complication in cystic fibrosis (cf) and is associated with loss of pulmonary function and allergic disease.201525459562
a new high-performance heterologous fungal expression system based on regulatory elements from the aspergillus terreus terrein gene cluster.recently, the aspergillus terreus terrein gene cluster was identified and selected for development of a new heterologous expression system. the cluster encodes the specific transcription factor terr that is indispensable for terrein cluster induction. to identify terr binding sites, different recombinant versions of the terr dna-binding domain were analyzed for specific motif recognition. the high affinity consensus motif tcgghhwyhcggh was identified from genes required for terrein production an ...201525852654
expression of feruloyl esterase a from aspergillus terreus and its application in biomass degradation.feruloyl esterases (faes) are key enzymes involved in the complete biodegradation of lignocelluloses, which could hydrolyze the ester bonds between hemicellulose and lignin. the coding sequence of a feruloyl esterase a (atfaea) was cloned from aspergillus terreus and the recombinant atfaea was constitutively expressed in pichia pastoris. the sds-page analysis of purified atfaea showed two protein bands owing to the different extent of glycosylation, and the recombinant atfaea had an optimum temp ...201526282562
challenges in the production of itaconic acid by metabolically engineered escherichia coli.metabolic engineering allows the production of a variety of high-value chemicals in heterologous hosts. for example, itaconic acid (ia) has been produced in several microorganisms, such as escherichia coli, aspergillus niger, and synechocystis sp. through the expression of cis-aconitate decarboxylase gene (cad) from aspergillus terreus. recently, we showed that inactivation of the isocitrate dehydrogenase gene and overexpression of the aconitase gene dramatically enhanced the production levels o ...201526176321
a deficiency of manganese ions in the presence of high sugar concentrations is the critical parameter for achieving high yields of itaconic acid by aspergillus terreus.itaconic acid (ia), an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid with a high potential as a platform for chemicals derived from sugars, is industrially produced by large-scale submerged fermentation by aspergillus terreus. although the biochemical pathway and the physiology leading to ia is almost the same as that leading to citric acid production in aspergillus niger, published data for the volumetric (g l(-1)) and the specific yield (mol/mol carbon source) of ia are significantly lower than for citric aci ...201526078111
the cell factory aspergillus enters the big data era: opportunities and challenges for optimising product formation.living with limits. getting more from less. producing commodities and high-value products from renewable resources including waste. what is the driving force and quintessence of bioeconomy outlines the lifestyle and product portfolio of aspergillus, a saprophytic genus, to which some of the top-performing microbial cell factories belong: aspergillus niger, aspergillus oryzae and aspergillus terreus. what makes them so interesting for exploitation in biotechnology and how can they help us to addr ...201525616499
c7-prenylation of tryptophanyl and o-prenylation of tyrosyl residues in dipeptides by an aspergillus terreus prenyltransferase.during our search for novel prenyltransferases, a putative gene ateg_04218 from aspergillus terreus raised our attention and was therefore amplified from strain dsm 1958 and expressed in escherichia coli. biochemical investigations with the purified recombinant protein and different aromatic substrates in the presence of dimethylallyl diphosphate revealed the acceptance of all the tested tryptophan-containing cyclic dipeptides. structure elucidation of the main enzyme products by nmr and ms anal ...201525125042
[suppression of three soil-borne diseases of cucumber by a rhizosphere fungal strain].to understand the effect of rhizosphere fungi on soil-borne diseases of cucumber, 16 fungal, strains from rhizosphere soil were investigated for the antagonistic activity to three soilborne pathogenic fungi with dual culture method and for suppression of cucumber diseases caused by the pathogens in pot experiments. four strains showed antagonism to one or more pathogenic fungi tested. the strain jcl143, identified as aspergillus terreus, showed strong antagonistic activity to the three pathogeni ...201527112016
α-glucosidase inhibitors from the fungus aspergillus terreus 3.05358.one new diketopiperazine alkaloid amauromine b (1), along with three known meroterpenoids, austalide b (2), austalides n and o (3 and 4), and two known steroids (5 and 6), was isolated and identified from the culture broth of the fungus aspergillus terreus 3.05358. their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic techniques, including 2d-nmr and ms analysis, the absolute configuration of 1 was unambiguously established by single crystal x-ray diffraction analysis. all the isolates wer ...201526567949
aspergillus terreus meningitis in immunocompetent patient: a case report.we present a description of a rare but dangerous case of fungal meningitis caused by aspergillus terreus in an immunocompetent patient with a history of sinus disease.201526648927
[the mycobiota in studying the resistance of gypsum plasterboard to microscopic fungi].the resistance of two types of gypsum plasterboard: ordinary and water-resistant to microscopic fungi was studied. it was found that under conditions of high relative humidity and direct influence of water at constant temperature (29 ± 2) degrees c all samples of plasterboard were not resistant to fungi. furthermore, the contaminating mycobiota of uninfected fragments of plasterboard was revealed under these conditions. it was discovered that the test cultures aspergillus terreus and trichoderma ...201526638485
physico-chemical pretreatment and fungal biotreatment for park wastes and cattle dung for biogas production.with the rising demand for renewable energy and environmental protection, anaerobic digestion of biogas technology has attracted considerable attention within the scientific community. the effect of physico-chemical pretreatment on cellulose degradation followed by fungal treatment by aspergillus terreus and trichoderma viride to treat cellulosic biomass for enhancing its digestibility was investigated. the tested substrate was digested with and without physical, chemical, and biological treatme ...201526618101
fumigaclavine i, a new alkaloid isolated from endophyte aspergillus terreus.the present study was designed to isolate and purify chemical constituents from solid culture of endophyte aspergillus terreus lq, using silica gel column chromatography, gel filtration with sephadex lh-20, and hplc. fumigaclavine i (1), a new alkaloid, was obtained, along with seven known compounds, including fumigaclavine c (2), rhizoctonic acid (3), monomethylsulochrin (4), chaetominine (5), spirotryprostatin a (6), asperfumoid (7), and lumichrome (8). the structure of compound 1 was elucidat ...201526721713
insecticidal potency of aspergillus terreus against larvae and pupae of three mosquito species anopheles stephensi, culex quinquefasciatus, and aedes aegypti.microbial control agents offer alternatives to chemical pest control, as they can be more selective than chemical insecticides. the present study evaluates the mosquito larvicidal and pupicidal potential of fungus mycelia using ethyl acetate and methanol solvent extracts produced by aspergillus terreus against anopheles stephensi, culex quinquefasciatus, and aedes aegypti. the a. terreus mycelia were extracted after 15 days from sabouraud dextrose broth medium. the ethyl acetate extracts showed ...201526139412
emergence of persistent aspergillus terreus colonisation in a child with cystic fibrosis. 201526288746
cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and phytotoxicity of tannery effluent discharged into palar river basin, tamil nadu, india.ambur, a town located on the banks of palar river, is considered one of the most polluted areas in india and occupied by hundreds of tanneries and leather product units. the present study was designed to evaluate the toxic effect of discharged tannery effluent (te) on model agricultural crops, ecofriendly microorganisms, and human blood cells. the phytotoxic effects of te tested on allium cepa and lemna minor revealed inhibition of root growth and significant reduction in number of fronds, prote ...201526839546
[using galleria mellonella as an in vivo model to study the virulence of some bacterial and fungal agents].non-vertebrate hosts, such as galleria mellonella, namely wax moth, have been used to study microbial virulence and host defense. this organism has advantages as it is economical, ethically expedient and easy to handle. here we describe an experimental in vivo study using the larvae of galleria mellonella infected with some bacterial and fungal pathogens. in this study, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) producing and non-producing escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae and pseudomonas aer ...201526313278
comparison of 10,11-dehydrocurvularin polyketide synthases from alternaria cinerariae and aspergillus terreus highlights key structural motifs.iterative type i polyketide synthases (pkss) from fungi are multifunctional enzymes that use their active sites repeatedly in a highly ordered sequence to assemble complex natural products. a phytotoxic macrolide with anticancer properties, 10,11-dehydrocurvularin (dhc), is produced by cooperation of a highly reducing (hr) iterative pks and a non-reducing (nr) iterative pks. we have identified the dhc gene cluster in alternaria cinerariae, heterologously expressed the active hr pks (dhc3) and nr ...201526493380
xylan-degrading enzymes from aspergillus terreus: physicochemical features and functional studies on hydrolysis of cellulose pulp.two endo-β-1,4-xylanases named xylt1 and xylt2, previously purified from aspergillus terreus, were structurally investigated by fluorescence quenching and characterized with respect to their binding properties with phenolic compounds. neutral and charged quenchers had access to both enzymes in neutral and alkaline phs. the greatest access was noted for the negative quencher, possibly due to positive amino acid residues in the vicinity of tryptophan. these tryptophan environments may partially ex ...201526428175
optimization of fermentation conditions of pectin production from aspergillus terreus and its partial characterization.figures of persimmons for the world's top ten persimmon producing countries are about 4000,000 tons in 2011 and are increasing every year according to fao statistics. however, there is not any report on pectin production by microbial with persimmon peel as the source. optimization of fermentation conditions of pectin production from aspergillus terreus in submerged culture and partial characterization of pectin were carried out in the work. an optimum fermentation condition for pectin production ...201526428166
modification of artificial sea water for the mass production of (+)-terrein by aspergillus terreus strain pf26 derived from marine sponge phakellia fusca.(+)-terrein shows multiple bioactivities, however, its mass production is a big challenge. aspergillus terreus strain pf26 derived from south china sea sponge phakellia fusca has been cultured to produce (+)-terrein successfully, but artificial sea water (asw) of high salinity used in the fermentation medium may cause the corrosion risk of metal bioreactor, which limits the fermentation on a large scale. in this study, we modified the components of asw by removing nacl and cacl2 from the origina ...201526394071
heterologous expression of mus musculus immunoresponsive gene 1 (irg1) in escherichia coli results in itaconate production.itaconic acid, a c5-dicarboxylic acid, is a potential biobased building block for the polymer industry. it is obtained from the citric acid cycle by decarboxylation of cis-aconitic acid. this reaction is catalyzed by cada in the native itaconic acid producer aspergillus terreus. recently, another enzyme encoded by the mammalian immunoresponsive gene 1 (irg1), was found to decarboxylate cis-aconitate to itaconate in vitro. we show that heterologous expression of irg1 enabled itaconate production ...201526347730
influence of oxygen on lovastatin biosynthesis by aspergillus terreus atcc 20542 quantitatively studied on the level of individual pellets.despite oxygen is believed to be the most important environmental factor for any aerobic microbial process, the quantitative studies of its influence on growth and metabolite formation on the level of individual pellets formed by filamentous fungi were seldom performed. never was it made for lovastatin producer aspergillus terreus atcc20542. thus, this work is a quantitative study of oxygen transfer into a. terreus pellets during lovastatin biosynthesis in the shake flask culture. the basic meas ...201525627471
subcutaneous mycoses: an aetiological study of 15 cases in a tertiary care hospital at dibrugarh, assam, northeast india.subcutaneous mycoses are a group of fungal infections of dermis and subcutaneous tissue which consist of sporotrichosis, chromoblastomycosis, phaeohyphomycosis, hyalohyphomycosis, mycetoma, subcutaneous zygomycosis, rhinosporidiosis, lobomycosis and disseminated penicilliosis. a total of 46 consecutive patients with clinically suspected subcutaneous mycoses attending various departments of assam medical college and hospital were included in this prospective study to know the prevalence of subcut ...201525596859
multifocal bone aspergillosis by aspergillus terreus in an apparently immunocompetent patient. 201526337362
how to trigger a fungal weapon.a fungus called aspergillus terreus produces a secondary metabolite in response to various environmental signals to give it an advantage over its competitors.201526327696
anticancer activity of fungal l-asparaginase conjugated with zinc oxide nanoparticles.demand for developing novel delivery system for cancer treatment has increased due to the side effects present in intravenous injection of l-asparaginase. nanoparticles are used for delivering the drugs to its destination in cancer cure. nanobiocomposite of zinc oxide nanoparticles conjugated with l-asparaginase was produced by aspergillus terreus and was confirmed using maximum uv-vis absorption at 340 nm in the present work. the presence of functional groups like oh, c-h, -c=n and c=o on the s ...201525589205
crystallographic analysis of fad-dependent glucose dehydrogenase.an fad-dependent glucose dehydrogenase (gdh) from aspergillus terreus was purified and crystallized at 293 k using the sitting-drop vapour-diffusion method. a data set was collected to a resolution of 1.6 å from a single crystal at 100 k using a rotating-anode x-ray source. the crystal belonged to space group p21, with unit-cell parameters a = 56.56, b = 135.74, c = 74.13 å, β = 90.37°. the asymmetric unit contained two molecules of gdh. the matthews coefficient was calculated to be 2.2 å(3) da( ...201526249692
regulating pyruvate carboxylase in the living culture of aspergillus terreus nrrl 1960 by l-aspartate for enhanced itaconic acid production.aspergillus terreus was reported as the promising fungal strain for itaconic acid; however, the commercial production suffers from the low yield. low production yield was claimed as the result of completing the tricarboxylic acid (tca) cycle towards biomass synthesis while under limiting phosphate and nitrogen; tca cycle was somewhat shunted and consequently, the metabolite fluxes move towards itaconic acid production route. by regulating enzymes in tca cycle, it is believed that itaconic acid p ...201526208692
antifouling compounds from the marine-derived fungus aspergillus terreus scsgaf0162.a new cyclic tetrapeptide, asperterrestide b (1), and 11 known compounds (2-12) were isolated from a marine-derived fungus aspergillus terreus scsgaf0162. the structure of 1 was elucidated by spectroscopic analysis, and the absolute configuration of 1 was determined by mosher ester and marfey's methods. compounds 4, 6, and 8 had potent antifouling activity against larvae of the barnacle balanus amphitrite, with ec50 values of 17.1 ± 1.2, 11.6 ± 0.6, and 17.1 ± 0.8 μg x ml(-1), respectively.201526197544
phytotoxin production in aspergillus terreus is regulated by independent environmental signals.secondary metabolites have a great potential as pharmaceuticals, but there are only a few examples where regulation of gene cluster expression has been correlated with ecological and physiological relevance for the producer. here, signals, mediators, and biological effects of terrein production were studied in the fungus aspergillus terreus to elucidate the contribution of terrein to ecological competition. terrein causes fruit surface lesions and inhibits plant seed germination. additionally, t ...201526173180
improvement of halophilic cellulase production from locally isolated fungal strain.halophilic cellulases from the newly isolated fungus, aspergillus terreus unimap aa-6 were found to be useful for in situ saccharification of ionic liquids treated lignocelluloses. efforts have been taken to improve the enzyme production through statistical optimization approach namely plackett-burman design and the face centered central composite design (fcccd). plackett-burman experimental design was used to screen the medium components and process conditions. it was found that carboxymethylce ...201526150755
expression, purification, crystallization and crystallographic study of the aspergillus terreus aromatic prenyltransferase atapt.prenylated aromatics are produced by aromatic prenyltransferases during the secondary metabolism of bacteria, fungi and plants. the prenylation of nonprenylated precursors can lead to great chemical diversity and extensive biological properties. aspergillus terreus aromatic prenyltransferase (atapt), which has recently been discovered and characterized, is such an enzyme and is responsible for the prenylation of various aromatic compounds. here, recombinant atapt was overexpressed in escherichia ...201526144234
galleria mellonella as a host model to study aspergillus terreus virulence and amphotericin b resistance.the aim of this study was to investigate if the alternative in vivo model galleria mellonella can be used (i) to determine differences in pathogenicity of amphotericin b (amb) resistant and susceptible a. terreus isolates, (ii) to evaluate amb efficacy in vivo (iii) and to correlate outcome to in vitro susceptibility data. larvae were infected with 2 a. terreus amb resistant (atr) and 3 amb susceptible (ats) isolates and survival rates were correlated to physiological attributes and killing abil ...201526107350
metabolic engineering of corynebacterium glutamicum for the production of itaconate.the capability of corynebacterium glutamicum for glucose-based synthesis of itaconate was explored, which can serve as building block for production of polymers, chemicals, and fuels. c. glutamicum was highly tolerant to itaconate and did not metabolize it. expression of the aspergillus terreus cad1 gene encoding cis-aconitate decarboxylase (cad) in strain atcc13032 led to the production of 1.4mm itaconate in the stationary growth phase. fusion of cad with the escherichia coli maltose-binding pr ...201526100077
experimental efficacy of anidulafungin against aspergillus terreus species complex.whereas echinocandins are alternatives for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis, the efficacy of anidulafungin (afg) against aspergillus terreus infection has not yet been explored. we have evaluated the in vitro activity, as well as the in vivo efficacy of afg in neutropenic mice infected by a. terreus species complex. time-kill studies showed in vitro fungistatic activity of afg against two strains. afg at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg/day significantly reduced the fungal load in kidney of mice, ...201525980004
a new citrinin dimer isolated from aspergillus terreus strain zdf21.dicitrinin e (1), a new citrinin dimer, together with the known metabolites, dicitrinin a (2), citrinin (3), and fumitremorgin c (4), were isolated from the broth culture of aspergillus terreus strain zdf21. the structure of dicitrinin e (1) was elucidated through detailed analysis of 1d and 2d nmr experiments, cd and mass spectra the cytotoxicity of 1 was tested against larvae of artemia salina.201525973492
filamentous fungal endophthalmitis: results of combination therapy with intravitreal amphotericin b and voriconazole.to report outcomes of exogenous fungal endophthalmitis treated with combination of intravitreal antifungal agents.201525926714
fungal artificial chromosomes for mining of the fungal secondary metabolome.with thousands of fungal genomes being sequenced, each genome containing up to 70 secondary metabolite (sm) clusters 30-80 kb in size, breakthrough techniques are needed to characterize this sm wealth.201525925221
new meroterpenoids from aspergillus terreus with inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 expression.two novel meroterpenoids, yaminterritrems a (1) and b (2), were isolated from aspergillus terreus collected from hot spring zones in yang-ming mountain, taiwan, and cultured at 40 °c. the structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated by nmr, ms spectral and x-ray crystallographic analyses. the biosynthetic route for 1 and 2 involving the conversion of the sesquiterpene with phenyl-α-pyrone is proposed. besides, 2 exhibited a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on cox-2 expression in lps-stimulated raw264.7 ...201525915447
blocking hsp70 enhances the efficiency of amphotericin b treatment against resistant aspergillus terreus strains.the polyene antifungal amphotericin b (amb) is widely used to treat life-threatening fungal infections. even though amb resistance is exceptionally rare in fungi, most aspergillus terreus isolates exhibit an intrinsic resistance against the drug in vivo and in vitro. heat shock proteins perform a fundamental protective role against a multitude of stress responses, thereby maintaining protein homeostasis in the organism. in this study, we elucidated the role of heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) famil ...201525870060
lovastatin production: from molecular basis to industrial process optimization.lovastatin, composed of secondary metabolites produced by filamentous fungi, is the most frequently used drug for hypercholesterolemia treatment due to the fact that lovastatin is a competitive inhibitor of hmg-coa reductase. moreover, recent studies have shown several important applications for lovastatin including antimicrobial agents and treatments for cancers and bone diseases. studies regarding the lovastatin biosynthetic pathway have also demonstrated that lovastatin is synthesized from tw ...201525868803
in vitro activities of amphotericin b, terbinafine, and azole drugs against clinical and environmental isolates of aspergillus terreus sensu stricto.the antifungal susceptibilities of 40 clinical and environmental isolates of a. terreus sensu stricto to amphotericin b, terbinafine, itraconazole, and voriconazole were determined in accordance with clsi document m38-a2. all isolates had itraconazole and voriconazole mics lower than epidemiologic cutoff values, and 5% of the isolates had amphotericin b mics higher than epidemiologic cutoff values. terbinafine showed the lowest mics. no significant differences were found when mics of clinical an ...201525824228
molecular epidemiology and in-vitro antifungal susceptibility of aspergillus terreus species complex isolates in delhi, india: evidence of genetic diversity by amplified fragment length polymorphism and microsatellite typing.aspergillus terreus is emerging as an etiologic agent of invasive aspergillosis in immunocompromised individuals in several medical centers in the world. infections due to a. terreus are of concern due to its resistance to amphotericin b, in vivo and in vitro, resulting in poor response to antifungal therapy and high mortality. herein we examined a large collection of molecularly characterized, geographically diverse a. terreus isolates (n = 140) from clinical and environmental sources in india ...201525781896
lumazine peptides from the marine-derived fungus aspergillus terreus.terrelumamides a (1) and b (2), two new lumazine-containing peptides, were isolated from the culture broth of the marine-derived fungus aspergillus terreus. from the results of combined spectroscopic and chemical analyses, the structures of these compounds were determined to be linear assemblies of 1-methyllumazine-6-carboxylic acid, an amino acid residue and anthranilic acid methyl ester connected by peptide bonds. these new compounds exhibited pharmacological activity by improving insulin sens ...201525775424
uncovering the unusual d-ring construction in terretonin biosynthesis by collaboration of a multifunctional cytochrome p450 and a unique isomerase.terretonin (1) is a fungal meroterpenoid isolated from aspergillus terreus, and possesses a highly oxygenated and unique tetracyclic structure. although the biosynthetic gene cluster for 1 has been identified and the biosynthesis has recently been studied by heterologous reconstitution and targeted-gene deletion experiments, the last few steps of the terretonin pathway after terrenoid (6) have yet to be elucidated. notably, the mechanism for the d-ring expansion to afford the terretonin scaffold ...201525671343
evaluation of antifungal combinations of nystatin-intralipid against aspergillus terreus using checkerboard and disk diffusion methods.the objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of combinations of nystatin-intralipid, found previously to be more active than nystatin, with antifungals of different mode of activity, against aspergillus terreus.201525639922
bioprocess engineering aspects of the cultivation of a lovastatin producer aspergillus terreus.the aim of this work is to review bioprocess engineering aspects of lovastatin (antihypercholesterolemia drug) production by aspergillus terreus in the submerged culture in the bioreactors of various scale presented in the scientific literature since the nineties of the twentieth century. the key factor influencing the cultivation of any filamentous species is fungal morphology and that is why this aspect was treated as the starting point for further considerations. fungal morphology is known to ...201525633258
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