| passive transfer of adjuvant-induced arthritis into irradiated da recipient rats. | adjuvant-induced arthritis (aia) can be passively transferred in dark agouti (da) rats by spleen and lymph node cells after culture with concanavalin a (con a). a model not requiring in vitro con a expansion and activation would be important in investigations of anti-rheumatic drugs in aia. a new model using irradiated recipients fills this need. donor da rats treated with 0.1 ml complete freund's adjuvant (cfa) containing 7.5 mg m. butyricum/ml were sacrificed 11 days after cfa injection, donor ... | 1993 | 8136454 |
| presence of colonization factor antigen iv (cs5cs6) in o29:h21 enterotoxigenic escherichia coli isolated from children with diarrhea in brazil. | 1. enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) strains belonging to serotype o29:h21 were analyzed for the presence of colonization factor antigens (cfa). 2. cfa/iv was detected in all twelve strains studied, and immunological analysis demonstrated that it was composed of coli surface antigens 5 (cs5) and 6 (cs6) presenting molecular weights of approximately 21 kda and approximately 16 kda, respectively. 3. cs6 antigenic homology was observed between o29:h21 and reference strains e11881c and e17018a ... | 1993 | 8136726 |
| the effect of flavor concentration and toxin dose on the formation and generalization of flavor aversions in lambs. | if an animal experiences gastrointestinal malaise after eating a novel feed, it develops a dislike for the feed called a conditioned flavor aversion (cfa). understanding flavor aversions is important for diet-training procedures, understanding animal responses to poisonous plants, and preparing animals for new foraging environments. our research objectives were to determine how variation in 1) flavor concentration (oregano) and 2) dose of gastrointestinal toxin (lithium chloride; licl) affected ... | 1994 | 8138475 |
| [studies on cell-mediated immunity (cmi) in the glomeruli: immunization with gbm antigen from masugi nephritis in wistar-kyoto rats]. | the role of cell-mediated immunity in glomerular injury has been extensively studied, but the precise mechanism remains obscure. this study was undertaken to determine whether the homologous glomerular basement membrane (gbm) combined heterogeneous anti-gbm antibody would induce cell-mediated immunity. wistar-kyoto rats were divided into three groups; group i rats were immunized with homologous gbm antigen that was derived from masugi nephritis and emulsified in complete freund's adjuvant (cfa); ... | 1994 | 8139154 |
| regulation of antibody specificity to plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein-1 by adjuvant and mhc haplotype. | an effective malaria vaccine must be capable of eliciting a protective immune response in individuals of diverse genetic makeup. in this report, we describe the co-regulation of immune responsiveness to growth-inhibitory plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein-1 (msp-1) epitopes by mhc-linked immune response genes and by the adjuvant used in msp-1 vaccine formulations. when congenic mice differing in mhc haplotype were immunized with msp-1 either in cfa or incorporated into a synthetic m ... | 1994 | 8144929 |
| bub/bnj (h-2q) is a tcr deletion mutant mouse strain (tcr v beta a, kj16-) that is susceptible to type ii collagen-induced arthritis. | type ii collagen-induced arthritis (cia) in mice is an animal model of autoimmune inflammatory arthritis. arthritis is induced in susceptible strains of mice (h-2q and h-2r) after immunization with heterologous or autologous type ii collagen in cfa. induction of cia is t cell dependent and a restricted usage of tcr v beta genes has been found in the arthritic joints and lymph nodes of mice with cia. however, genes within the mhc are not the only determinants of susceptibility to cia as swr/j, au ... | 1994 | 8144978 |
| relationship between collagen-induced and adjuvant arthritis in the lewis rat. | adjuvant arthritis (aa) and type ii collagen (cii)-induced arthritis (cia) in the rat serve as models of chronic human arthritis. adoptive transfer of aa was observed in 21 of 25 lewis rats given concanavalin a (con a)-treated spleen cells prepared from animals immunized with mycobacterium butyricum in mineral oil (complete freund's adjuvant, cfa). no arthritic changes were noted in rats given spleen cells obtained from donors that had received incomplete freund's adjuvant (ifa, 0/22), type i co ... | 1993 | 8155251 |
| sequence analysis of the colonization factor antigen 1 gene of etec and observation of cfa/1 recombinant clone with electron microscopy. | the structure gene of the colonization factor antigen 1 (cfa/1) has been sequenced. the amino acid sequence of cfa/1 precursor deduced from the nucleotide sequence is composed of 170 amino acids. the first 23 amino acids are considered to be the signal peptide of the cfa/1 protein. on the basis of the nucleotide sequence, three amino acids are different from the protein sequence. amino acid residues at positions 37, 76 and 97 are found to be ala, asp and ser, instead of val, asn and ala as deter ... | 1993 | 8155840 |
| bcg immunotherapy prevents recurrence of diabetes in islet grafts transplanted into spontaneously diabetic nod mice. | islet transplantation can provide a therapeutic option for patients who suffer from type 1 diabetes mellitus, especially if current aggressive immunosuppression could be eliminated. in vitro immunomodulation has achieved this goal for islet allografts--however, strategies must be developed to prevent b cell lysis secondary to the chronic autoimmune process of diabetes. previously, we have found that adjuvant therapy with cfa was effective in preventing the onset of diabetes and the recurrence of ... | 1994 | 8178349 |
| primary health care: from aspiration to achievement. | a review is presented of senegal's response to the bamako initiative, aimed at strengthening primary health care. the experience gained is of broad interest since the basic principles involved are the same everywhere. of particular importance are users' financial contributions and improved organization and management. | 1993 | 8185783 |
| [nervous syndrome in sheep on the ivory coast. ii. economic impact, trials and cost-benefit analysis of preventive plans]. | the clinical and epidemiological aspects of the ovine nervous syndrome in côte-d'ivoire were presented in the first part of this paper and the disease was considered to be similar to the cerebrocortical necrosis as related to vitamin b1 deficiency. the economic losses by this disease being 1,500 to 2,000 f cfa (30-40 ff) per animal and per year, it seemed to be very important to consider its prophylaxis. a programme involving a daily injection of 100 mg of thiamine chlorhydrate throughout the dr ... | 1993 | 8190988 |
| molecular characterization of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) isolated in new caledonia (value of potential protective antigens in oral vaccine candidates). | the role of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) in childhood diarrhoea in new caledonia was demonstrated in previous epidemiological works. this study was undertaken in order to characterize these strains and to determine whether bacterial components of current vaccine candidates (toxin, colonization factor antigens, o:h antigens) would be useful in our region. a total of 24 etec strains were studied: 5 strains produced heat-labile enterotoxin, 17 strains produced heat-stable enterotoxin (9 ... | 1993 | 8190998 |
| analysis of the binding of chlorpheniramine to human serum albumin by spectroscopic techniques. | the binding of chlorpheniramine (cfa) to human serum albumin (hsa) has been studied by absorption and fluorescence techniques. by deconvolution of the uv-spectra into five gaussian bands it can be observed that the band at 214 nm is the most sensitive for following the interaction cfa-hsa. such interaction causes a redshift in the band at 227 nm to 235 nm, and an isosbestic point surges at 236 nm. moreover, the fluorescence quenching depends on the excitation wavelength. by excitation at 278 nm, ... | 1994 | 8194126 |
| intestinal antibody response after oral immunization with a prototype cholera b subunit-colonization factor antigen enterotoxigenic escherichia coli vaccine. | a prototype oral enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) vaccine containing formalin-inactivated whole bacteria expressing colonization factor antigens cfa/i and cfa/ii and cholera b subunit (ctb) has been tested for safety and immunogenicity in 20 adult swedish volunteers. when given in three doses with 2-week intervals the vaccine was found to be safe and to give rise to specific iga antibody responses in intestinal lavage fluid in most of the volunteers (cfa/i 82%, cfa/ii 82% and ctb 91%). th ... | 1993 | 8212839 |
| configural frequency analysis for exploring bacterial sets in periodontal health and disease. | periodontal research has been concerned with identifying bacterial sets in oral health and disease. configural frequency analysis (cfa) is a taxonomical method used to test the statistical significance of patterns of elementary cell frequencies in cross-tabulated data, and may therefore be used to evaluate interactions among occurrences and non-occurrences of periodontal microorganisms. cfa patterns may exist as configural types or anti-types depending on whether observed cell frequencies are gr ... | 1993 | 8222602 |
| characterization of the genes controlling the biosynthesis of the polyketide phytotoxin coronatine including conjugation between coronafacic and coronamic acid. | pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea pg4180 produces a chlorosis-inducing phytotoxin, coronatine (cor), which consists of a polyketide component, coronafacic acid (cfa), which is coupled via amide bond formation to coronamic acid (cma), an ethylcyelopropyl amino acid (aa) derived from isoleucine. p. syringae pv. syringae strains ps51 and ps61, which do not synthesize coronafacoyl compounds (conjugates between cfa and aa), acquired the ability to produce cfa and cor when transformed with p4180a, a 9 ... | 1993 | 8224892 |
| lesions in the hypothalamus after active immunisation against gnrh in the pig. | the terminals of the hypothalamic gonadotrophin hormone-releasing hormone (gnrh) neurons are located within the median eminence and thereby extend beyond the protection of the blood-brain barrier. thus, these terminals may be subjected to direct autoimmune action in animals that are actively immunised against gnrh. boars (male pigs) (n = 108) were actively immunised against gnrh by two successive injections with synthetic gnrh, covalently coupled to klh and dissolved in cfa or ifa. they were kil ... | 1993 | 8227303 |
| comparison of the connectional properties of the two forelimb areas of the rat sensorimotor cortex: support for the presence of a premotor or supplementary motor cortical area. | the existence of multiple motor cortical areas that differ in some of their properties is well known in primates, but is less clear in the rat. the present study addressed this question from the point of view of connectional properties by comparing the afferent and efferent projections of the caudal forelimb area (cfa), considered to be the equivalent of the forelimb area of the primary motor cortex (mi), and a second forelimb motor representation, the rostral forelimb area (rfa). as a result of ... | 1993 | 8237215 |
| adjuvanticity of dimethyl dioctadecyl ammonium bromide, complete freund's adjuvant and corynebacterium parvum with respect to host immune response to coccidial antigens. | immune response of chickens to eimeria was investigated following immunization with coccidial antigens in combination with various immunological adjuvants. the adjuvanticity of dimethyl dioctadecyl ammonium bromide (dda) was comparable to that of two other adjuvants known to stimulate cell-mediated immunity: complete freund's adjuvant (cfa) and corynebacterium parvum. however, dda is considered less toxic than cfa and appeared to evoke longer-lasting immunity than c. parvum. in general, intramus ... | 1993 | 8257364 |
| role of adjuvants in the modulation of antibody isotype, specificity, and induction of protection by whole blood-stage plasmodium yoelii vaccines. | mice were immunized with whole killed blood stage plasmodium yoelii parasites in 15 adjuvant formulations then boosted and challenged with parasitized blood. five of six groups immunized with the ag in oil-in-water emulsions or formulations without oil were protected. formulations that induced protection contained saponin, pertussis, copolymer p1004, and detoxified ralps. in contrast, none of nine groups of animals immunized with ag in water-in-oil emulsions were protected. ineffective adjuvants ... | 1993 | 8258712 |
| influence of the antigen delivery system on immunoglobulin isotype selection and cytokine production in response to influenza a nucleoprotein. | the influence of different antigen delivery systems on antibody isotype and lymphokine profile has been investigated using influenza nucleoprotein as a model antigen system. mice exposed to live or inactivated influenza virus produced antibody against whole virus or recombinant nucleoprotein (rnp), which was predominantly of the igg2a isotype. spleen or lymph node cells from these mice rapidly produced large amounts of interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma), but no detectable interleukin-5 (il-5) when sti ... | 1993 | 8262559 |
| a murine model of experimental autoimmune lens-induced uveitis using klebsiella o3 lipopolysaccharide as a potent immunological adjuvant. | experimental autoimmune uveitis and finally panophthalmitis could be produced in mice by repeated immunization of syngeneic eyeball extract mixed with klebsiella o3 lipopolysaccharide (ko3 lps) as a powerful immunological adjuvant. no ocular lesions were produced in mice given eyeball extract emulsified in complete freund's adjuvant (cfa), ko3 lps alone or eyeball extract alone. histopathological changes in the ocular lesions at the early stage after the second or tertiary immunization were char ... | 1993 | 8292555 |
| nk-1 and nk-3 type tachykinin receptor mrna expression in the rat spinal cord dorsal horn is increased during adjuvant or formalin-induced nociception. | substance p (sp) and other related tachykinins such as neurokinin b (nkb) have been studied widely as mediators of sensory information. the release of sp into the dorsal horn of the spinal cord is increased during nociception, and sp activates nociception-specific dorsal horn neurons. the tachykinin nkb has antinociceptive effects in the spinal cord and is contained in intrinsic spinal neurons; thus, nkb may also contribute to the processing of sensory information. both neurokinin-1 (nk-1) and n ... | 1994 | 8301359 |
| trypanosoma cruzi glutathione-binding proteins (tcgbp): protection induced by native proteins in an experimental model and analysis of the antibody response. | three trypanosoma cruzi glutathione-binding proteins (tcgbp) of 45, 30 and 25 kda presenting glutathione s transferase activity were characterized from t. cruzi epimastigotes. we show here that immunization of mice using tcgbp and complete freund's adjuvant (cfa) did not protect the animals against a challenge with bloodstream trypomastigotes. in contrast, immunization of mice using tcgbp in association with bordetella pertussis plus alum (bpai) resulted in greatly diminished parasitaemia and si ... | 1993 | 8303073 |
| serotypes and colonization factors of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli isolated in various countries. | one hundred and six enterotoxigenic e. coli (etec) isolated from many geographical areas were serotyped and investigated for the presence of colonization factor antigens cfa/i and cfa/ii, the expression of mannose-resistant haemagglutination (mrha) and the levels of surface hydrophobicity. cfa/i was found in 6 (17%) of 36 lt+sta+ strains and in 15 (54%) of 28 sta+ strains; cfa/ii was found in 16 (44%) of 36 lt+sta+ strains. none of 42 lt+ strains showed cfa/i or cfa/ii. cfa/i was found in etec o ... | 1993 | 8307133 |
| antigen- and isotype-specific immune responses to a recombinant antigen-allergen chimeric (raac) protein. | ag-specific ige and igg antibody responses to a recombinant ag-allergen chimeric (raac) protein were examined in b6d2f1 mice. the raac protein consisted of the truncated beta-galactosidase (beta-gal), linked at its c terminus to a polypeptide representing the conserved region of the recombinant kentucky bluegrass allergen encoded by the cdna clone kbg8.3(rkbg8.3). immunization of the mice with the raac protein in dextran sulfate as adjuvant led to the differential production of antibodies to the ... | 1993 | 8335908 |
| baseline consideration of liposomal contrast agent. cns transport by macrophages in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. | the purpose of this study was to investigate a specialized liposomal contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging (mri), as part of a program to examine infiltrating immune cells in lesions of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (eae). a potent investigational liposomal contrast agent, phosphatidylethanolamine-dtpa-gadolinium, was chosen which has been shown to remain tightly liposomal-associated, with long persistence in vivo. europium (eu3+), a fluorescent paramagnetic metal, was also uti ... | 1993 | 8345783 |
| lactoferrin triggers in vitro proliferation of t cells of lewis rats submitted to mycobacteria-induced adjuvant arthritis. | we have recently reported antigenic (b-cell) cross-reactivity between the mycobacterial 65 kda heat shock protein (hsp65) and human lactoferrin (lf) and we suggested that this cross-reactivity might have a role in mycobacteria-associated autoimmune disease. here, we have searched for anti-lf t-cell reactivity in lewis rats submitted to a mycobacteria-triggered autoaggressive disorder (adjuvant arthritis, aa), an autoimmune disorder characterized by high anti-hsp65 reactivity. we have quantified ... | 1993 | 8346415 |
| a study on antigenicity of recombinant human interferon alpha a (lbd-007) in mice and guinea pigs. | antigenicity of recombinant human interferon alpha a (lbd-007), a newly developed drug for myeloid leukemia and hepatitis, was investigated in mice and guinea pigs. the following results were obtained: 1. mice showed no production of antibodies against lbd-007 inoculated with aluminum hydroxide gel (alum) as an adjuvant, judged by the heterologous anaphylaxis (pca) test using rats. on the other hand, antibodies against ovalbumin (ova) inoculated with alum were definitely detected. 2. in the stud ... | 1993 | 8355292 |
| immunotargeting of thyroglobulin on antigen presenting cells abrogates natural tolerance in the absence of adjuvant. | mice usually develop strong igg responses to self-thyroglobulin (tg) following immunization with mouse tg (mtg) emulsified in complete freund's adjuvant (cfa). here we report that adjuvant-free challenge of mice with small doses of mtg conjugated onto a monoclonal antibody (mab) specific for class ii mhc determinants (anti-i-ak) induces an mtg-specific igg response in cba (h-2k) but not in b6 (h-2b) mice. this is not a result of nonspecific uptake of immunoconjugate or chemical modification of m ... | 1993 | 8370083 |
| evaluation of conventional media for detection of colonization factor antigens of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli. | strains of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli producing either colonization factor antigen (cfa) i or ii were tested for expression of cfa when grown on 16 different agar media by using agglutination and coagglutination with monoclonal antibodies, mannose-resistant hemagglutination, and a salt aggregation assay. cfa was detected from the cfa-positive strains when cfa agar was used, and it was also detected when other commercially available media were used, notably nutrient agar. cfa was not detect ... | 1993 | 8370745 |
| parameters of tolerance induction by antigen targeted to b lymphocytes. | we have shown that a foreign protein ag (the f(ab) fragment of rabbit igg) becomes a particularly effective tolerogen when it is targeted to b lymphocytes in vivo. this is done by injecting the ag intravenously into mice in the form of the f(ab) fragment of rabbit anti-mouse igd antibody (f(ab)) rabbit anti-delta). our hypothesis is that resting b cells are tolerogenic apc for cd4+ t cells in unprimed animals, and induce ag-specific nonresponsiveness in the th cell compartment by presenting ag w ... | 1993 | 8376763 |
| chromosome number and carmustine sensitivity in human gliomas. | although some patients with malignant gliomas respond to treatment with chemotherapeutic agents like bcnu, tumor recurrence inevitably occurs, heralding the development of chemoresistance. treating and/or preventing chemoresistance requires distinguishing newly developed resistance from the presence of intrinsically resistant cells in the primary tumor population. this study relates the chromosomal complements of freshly resected astrocytomas to the cells' chemosensitivity and ultimately to the ... | 1993 | 8389658 |
| cooperative effect of inositol hexakisphosphate, bezafibrate, and clofibric acid on the spectroscopic properties of the nitric oxide derivative of ferrous human hemoglobin. | the cooperative effect of inositol hexakisphosphate (ihp), bezafibrate (bzf), and clofibric acid (cfa) on the spectroscopic (epr and absorbance) properties of the nitric oxide derivative of ferrous human hemoglobin (hbno) has been investigated quantitatively. in the presence of ihp, bzf, and cfa, the x-band epr spectra and the absorption spectra in the soret region of hbno display the same basic characteristics described in the presence of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-dpg), which have been attrib ... | 1993 | 8392533 |
| bcnu-sensitivity in parental cells and clones from four freshly resected near-diploid human gliomas: an astrocytoma, an anaplastic astrocytoma and two glioblastomas multiforme. | we compared the bcnu sensitivity of 4 freshly resected tumors (astrocytoma wm, and malignant gliomas mk, mb, and am) and their clones to their karyology. the majority of primary cells in all 4 tumors had near-diploid chromosome numbers (2n +/-) and all were resistant to concentrations of bcnu exceeding 10 micrograms/ml. following in vitro cultivation, the cells from tumors wm and mb retained their 2n +/- modal chromosome number with little change in the complexity of the karyotype. in contrast, ... | 1993 | 8395568 |
| induction of islet cell surface and insulin antibodies in balb/c mice by application of porcine insulin and freund's adjuvant is not associated with insulitis. | to investigate whether insulin antibody (iab) formation is associated with the appearance of islet cell cytoplasmic antibodies (ica), islet cell surface antibodies (icsa) and insulitis balb/c bln mice were immunized with porcine insulin in combination with or without freund's adjuvant. the animals received 8 i.p. injections and were followed up to 150 days for the development of antibodies and insulitis. mice immunized with insulin in cfa developed iab as well as icsa. mice only receiving freund ... | 1993 | 8406317 |
| cytokine profiles associated with induction of the anticryptococcal cell-mediated immune response. | previous studies with a murine model have shown that immunization with cryptococcal culture filtrate antigen (cnef) emulsified in complete freund adjuvant (cfa) induces two populations of anticryptococcal reactive cd4+ t cells. one population (tdh cells) transfers anticryptococcal delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth), and the other population (tamp cells) amplifies the anticryptococcal dth response of given to recipient mice at the time of immunization of the recipient. treatment of mice with cyc ... | 1993 | 8406874 |
| complete freund's adjuvant induces an earlier and more severe arthritis in mrl-lpr mice. | a study was performed on the effect of cfa on the spontaneous arthritis of mrl-lpr mice. the development of swelling and erythema was monitored for 1 mo after injecting 13- to 14-wk-old mice intradermally with cfa, at which time the histopathology of the joints and serologic responses to extracellular matrix proteins were investigated. in a series of six experiments, 67 to 82% of mice showed early clinical evidence of arthritis in contrast to the low percentage observed in control animals. simil ... | 1993 | 8409458 |
| functional complementation of an escherichia coli ribonuclease h mutation by a cloned genomic fragment from the trypanosomatid crithidia fasciculata. | a gene designated cfa rnh1 has been cloned by complementation of an rnase h deficiency in an escherichia coli rnha mutant by using a genomic dna library from the trypanosomatid crithidia fasciculata. the encoded rnase h is predicted to have 494 amino acid residues and a molecular mass of 53.7 kda. the carboxyl half of the protein is homologous to the 155-residue e. coli rnase hi (41% identity) and the 166-residue saccharomyces cerevisiae rnase hi (33% identity). the recombinant protein has been ... | 1993 | 8415705 |
| suppression of adjuvant-induced arthritis in da rats by incomplete freund's adjuvant. | to define the effects of incomplete freund's adjuvant (icfa) on subsequent arthritis induced by complete freund's adjuvant (cfa) and type ii collagen (cii) in da and lewis rats. | 1993 | 8424829 |
| myelin-liposome protection against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis is associated with reduced neuroantigen-specific t-cell-mediated responses. | lewis rats undergo a relapsing paralytic disease upon challenge with spinal cord emulsified in complete freund's adjuvant (cfa). treatment with two intracardiac injections of liposomes composed of whole myelin significantly reduced the severity of disease. protection was disease-specific since treatment with myelin liposomes did not protect lewis rats against adjuvant arthritis (aa), a cns-unrelated t-cell-mediated autoimmune disease. myelin-liposome-treated, spinal cord/cfa-immunized rats displ ... | 1993 | 8425233 |
| an evaluation of mechanisms by which tolerance to organ-specific antigens is lost using a transgenic mouse model. | patients with type i diabetes lose immunologic tolerance to beta cell ag and produce anti-self (beta cell) antibodies. we have examined mechanisms by which this self tolerance is lost using transgenic mice in which islet cells express human cd4. these mice are immunologically tolerant to this human protein; the tolerance appears to be characterized by the presence of self reactive b cells and nonresponsive t cells. autoantibodies can be induced by immunization with cd4 in cfa; this autoantibody ... | 1993 | 8432978 |
| complete freund's adjuvant-induced t cells prevent the development and adoptive transfer of diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice. | insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disease that is characterized by the destruction of insulin-producing beta cells in the islet of langerhans. we have recently reported that the induction of the disease in nonobese diabetic (nod) mice can be prevented by a single injection of cfa. in this study, we have explored the cellular basis and the time course of the disease protection. since cfa contains a mycobacterial cell wall that has adjuvant property, we investigated the protecti ... | 1993 | 8436836 |
| preclinical evaluation of microencapsulated cfa/ii oral vaccine against enterotoxigenic e. coli. | colonization factor antigen (cfa/ii) from enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) prepared under good manufacturing practices (gmp) was successfully incorporated into biodegradable poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (plga) polymer microspheres (bpm) under gmp and found to be safe and immunogenic when administered intraduodenally to rabbits. following vaccination, peyer's patch cells responded by lymphocyte proliferation to in vitro challenge with cfa/ii. also, b cells secreting specific anti-cfa/ii ... | 1993 | 8438614 |
| expression of csf-1, c-fms, and mcp-1 in the central nervous system of rats with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. | we have examined the expression of factors associated with the growth, differentiation, and chemotaxis of cells of the monocyte/macrophage series in the central nervous system of lewis rats sensitized to develop experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. csf-1 mrna increased significantly over that found in control animals (sensitized with ova in cfa or cfa alone). the elevation in the levels of this growth factor commenced immediately before the onset of early clinical signs and peaked immediatel ... | 1993 | 8450228 |
| mouse soluble ifn gamma receptor as ifn gamma inhibitor. distribution, antigenicity, and activity after injection in mice. | with the purpose to use a soluble receptor as an ifn gamma antagonist in vivo, we assessed the immunogenicity, the half-life, the bioavailability, and the activity of the soluble receptor after injection into mice. no significant immunogenicity was detected after multiple chronic injections of mouse (mo)ifn gamma-r or injections of moifn gamma-r in emulsion with cfa. pharmacokinetic experiments using radiolabeled moifn gamma-r revealed that the half-life of the soluble moifn gamma-r is 3 h in th ... | 1993 | 8454850 |
| immunological response to cell-free antigens of paracoccidioides brasiliensis: relationship with clinical forms of paracoccidioidomycosis. | sera from patients with the acute (af) and chronic (cf) forms of paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm) were tested against paracoccidioides brasiliensis cell-free antigens by western blot (immunoblot). the cfa preparation contained components ranging in molecular mass from 18 to 102 kda. the immunoglobulin g (igg) reactivity profiles were similar for patients with both forms of the disease, and the 43-kda component was recognized by 100% of the sera. igm antibodies from the af- and the cf-pcm sera recogn ... | 1993 | 8458961 |
| cellular fatty acid compositions of "achromobacter groups b and e". | strains of "achromobacter groups b and e" were examined for cellular fatty acid (cfa) composition to evaluate their chemical relatedness to known bacterial species and groups. the cfas were liberated from whole cells by base hydrolysis, methylated, and analyzed by capillary gas-liquid chromatography. the cfa profiles of the two groups were identical and were distinct from cfa profiles of all other bacteria we have previously tested. these data provide support for results from whole-cell protein ... | 1993 | 8463379 |
| characterization of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli isolated from u.s. troops deployed to the middle east. | enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) was a common cause of traveler's diarrhea in u.s. soldiers in the middle east in 1989 and 1990. to determine which bacterial components would be useful in a vaccine, potential protective antigens (toxin, colonization factor antigen [cfa], and serotype) from 189 etec isolates were examined. nearly half of the isolates expressed both etec toxins, 39% had only heat-stable enterotoxin (st), and 17% had heat-labile enterotoxin (lt). cfa/i was the least common c ... | 1993 | 8463396 |
| modulation of sustained electromyographic activity by single intracortical microstimuli: comparison of two forelimb motor cortical areas of the rat. | in rats, a rostral and a caudal forelimb motor area (rfa and cfa, respectively) have been distinguished on the basis of intracortical microstimulation effects (see neafsey et al., 1986, for a review). the goal of the present study was to assess and compare their relative connectional strength with target motor units of the forelimb. this was achieved by averaging modulation responses of sustained electromyographic (emg) activity triggered by single intracortical microstimuli (s-icms) of relative ... | 1993 | 8484296 |
| immunization of rabbits with proteins reacted with malonic dialdehyde (mda): kinetics and specificity of the immune response. | mda-modified casein, lysozyme or polylysine (mc, ml and mp respectively), was intradermically injected to rabbits in the presence of complete freund's adjuvant (cfa). two other animal sets received either cfa alone, or mda alone. mda, cfa and mp did not induce any antibody response. both ml and mc produced an increase of antibody reactivity towards ml, but reactivity towards native lysozyme (l) was increased only by ml and not by mc. according to these results, it was concluded that the epitopes ... | 1993 | 8490560 |
| novel diet consumption and body weight gain are reduced in rats chronically infused with lithium chloride: mediation by the chemosensitive area postrema. | the effects of chronic lithium chloride infusions on consumption of, and subsequent preferences for, a novel diet were examined in rats with ablations of the area postrema (ap) and sham-lesioned control rats. osmotic minipumps (alza), filled with a saturated aqueous solution of licl (63 g/100 ml), were implanted in the peritoneal cavity of half of the lesioned rats (n = 9) and half of the control rats (n = 8). the remaining rats received empty pumps (n = 9 and n = 7 for lesioned and controls, re ... | 1993 | 8495383 |
| regulation by cytokines of eosinophilopoiesis and immunoglobulin e production in mice. | certain clinical disorders are associated with eosinophilia and hyperimmunoglobulinaemia of the immunoglobulin (ig) e class, but others give rise to eosinophilia without hyperimmunoglobulinaemia. to investigate why there are two such patterns, we immunized balb/c mice with ovalbumin plus tetanus toxid with aluminium hydroxide gel (alum) as adjuvant, which caused eosinophilopoiesis and hyperimmunoglobulinaemia, and also immunized mice with the same antigens and complete freund's adjuvant (cfa), w ... | 1993 | 8495971 |
| an epidemiological assessment of the chronological distribution of dental fluorosis in human maxillary central incisors. | the objectives of this study were: (1) to develop and test a new index, the chronological fluorosis assessment (cfa) index, for measuring variation in the chronological distribution and intensity of dental fluorosis, and (2) to determine whether the new index was sufficiently sensitive for detection of a decline in dental fluorosis corresponding to the reduction in the waterborne fluoride level in hong kong. according to the cfa index, the cervical, middle, and incisal third divisions of the lab ... | 1993 | 8501286 |
| the adjuvant effect of silicone-gel on antibody formation in rats. | the extent of immunological adjuvancy of silicone-gel, from mammary implants, up to now, has not been determined definitively. this study compares the immune potentiation effects of silicone-gel with that of freund's adjuvant, using bovine serum albumin (bsa) as the test antigen in rats. sixty, 250 gr., male sprague dawley rats were divided into six groups: i- phosphate buffered saline (pbs) only, ii- silicone oil (dow corning medical grade 360 liquid silicone), iii- 50% silicone-gel (mcghan med ... | 1993 | 8505070 |
| protective efficacy of cell-free-antigen of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in mice. | cell-free-antigen (cfa) vaccines of strain y-1 (serotype 1), g-4 (serotype 2) and e-3 (serotype 5) of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (a. pleuropneumoniae) were prepared by emulsifying concentrated culture supernatant with oil-adjuvant. mice immunized with the cfa vaccine had a high survival rate (90-100%) against challenge with the homologous strain. they also had cross-protective activity against challenge with the heterogeneous strains but their survival rate was low (20-50%). on the other ha ... | 1995 | 8519906 |
| the leucocyte protein l1 (calprotectin): a putative nonspecific defence factor at epithelial surfaces. | the l1 protein occurs at high concentrations in neutrophils, monocytes, certain reactive tissue macrophages, squamous mucosal epithelia, and reactive epidermis. it constitutes in fact about 60% of the neutrophilic cytosol protein fraction. the two l1 chains (l1h and l1l) are referred to by a bewildering collection of names, various authors having different preferences (mrp-8 and mrp-14; cfa or calgranulin a and b). the most recent proposal is calprotectin because of its calcium-binding propertie ... | 1995 | 8525906 |
| characterization and transcriptional analysis of the gene cluster for coronafacic acid, the polyketide component of the phytotoxin coronatine. | coronafacic acid (cfa), the polyketide component of the phytotoxin coronatine (cor), is activated and coupled to coronamic acid via amide bond formation, a biosynthetic step presumably catalyzed by the cfa ligase (cfl) gene product. the cor biosynthetic gene cluster in pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea pg4180 is located within a 32-kb region of a 90-kb plasmid designated p4180a. in the present study, a cloned region of p4180a complemented all cfa- mutants spanning an 18.8-kb region of the cor bi ... | 1995 | 8526495 |
| immunohistochemical studies on melanin associated antigen (maa) induced experimental autoimmune anterior uveitis (eaau). | experimental autoimmune anterior uveitis (eaau), a model of uveitis induced by sensitization to melanin associated antigen (maa) derived from the iris and ciliary body, closely resembles human acute anterior uveitis. the immunopathogenesis of eaau was studied by immunohistochemical detection of immune cells and the expression of ia, icam-1 and lfa-1 antigens. male lewis rats were immunized with bovine maa, mixed with cfa and pertussis toxin in the hind foot pad. animals were examined daily by sl ... | 1995 | 8529406 |
| rapid identification of colonization factor antigens i & ii of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli by coagglutination test. | specific antisera for colonization factor antigens (cfa/i and cfa/ii) were adsorbed to staphylococcus aureus cowan i strain, atcc 12598 to make coagglutination (coa) reagents for detection of cfas in enterotoxigenic esch. coli (etec) isolates. among 1782 strains of esch. coli isolated from patients with acute diarrhoea, 238 (13.4%) strains exhibited cfa expression. most prevalent cfa/i positive serogroups were 015, 0148, 0153, 020, 0128, 0114 and 078. cfa/ii was detected among isolates of serogr ... | 1995 | 8543358 |
| refining the estimate of the critical period for susceptibility to enamel fluorosis in human maxillary central incisors. | the purpose of this study was to determine an improved estimate of the critical period for susceptibility to fluorosis in human maxillary central incisors. | 1995 | 8551464 |
| adhesins of escherichia coli associated with extra-intestinal pathogenicity confer binding to colonic epithelial cells. | escherichia coli adhesins are virulence factors in intestinal and extra-intestinal infections, but their role in normal intestinal colonization has not been defined. we investigated the intestinal adherence of e. coli with dr hemagglutinin, s fimbriae, cfa/i or cfa/ii, using freshly isolated ileal or colonic enterocytes and cells from the human colonic cell line ht-29. e. coli with s-fimbrial adhesins (sfa i or sfa ii), p or type 1 fimbriae, adhered in a non-polarized manner, and in similar numb ... | 1995 | 8551941 |
| suppression of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis and experimental allergic encephalomyelitis by oral administration of acetylcholine receptor and myelin basic protein: double tolerance. | oral administration of acetylcholine receptor (achr) or myelin basic protein (mbp) to lewis rat prior to immunization with achr or mbp and complete freund's adjuvant (cfa) has previously been shown to prevent or delay the onset of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (eamg) or experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (eae), which represent animal models of myasthenia gravis and multiple sclerosis, respectively. here we show that lewis rats immunized with achr+mbp+cfa developed both signs of ... | 1995 | 8557828 |
| colonization factors of enterotoxigenic e. coli (etec) from residents of northern egypt. | infection caused by enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) poses a serious health problem to children in developing countries. colonization of the small intestinal mucosa by etec strains is mediated by antigenically specific fimbriae, also known as colonization factor antigens (cfa). the importance of this study arises from reports that active and passive immunization with etec strains harboring cfas induced protective immunity against diarrhea in animal models with preformed antibodies. in hum ... | 1995 | 8564370 |
| use of a new oligonucleotide probe for detection of colonization factor antigen iii gene in enterotoxigenic escherichia coli. | an alkaline phosphatase-labeled 30-mer oligonucleotide probe was designed to detect the gene for pilus colonization factor antigen iii (cfa/iii) of the human type of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec). the cfa/iii probe was used to identify cfa/iii-producing etec among 303 escherichia coli obtained from subjects with traveler's diarrhea. six isolates positive for the cfa/iii gene were found. this result was confirmed immunologically by using a specific monoclonal antibody developed against ... | 1995 | 8565993 |
| high doses of interleukin-12 inhibit the development of joint disease in dba/1 mice immunized with type ii collagen in complete freund's adjuvant. | collagen-induced arthritis (cia) is an (autoimmune) joint disease readily elicited in dba/1 mice by immunization with type ii collagen (cii) emulsified with complete freund's adjuvant. it is a destructive arthritis involving about 50% of the limbs and occurs with an incidence of 70% to 100%. in this study we evaluated the effect of mouse recombinant interleukin-12 (mril-12) on cia. administration of mril-12 at high doses (1 micrograms/mouse, daily) for 2 or 3 weeks delayed the onset and reduced ... | 1996 | 8566065 |
| the mycobacterial component of complete freund's adjuvant induces expulsion of the intestinal nematode trichinella spiralis in mice. | expulsion of t. spiralis adult worms was accelerated in high-responder nih mice vaccinated previously with complete freund's adjuvant (cfa) emulsified in pbs, whereas the expulsion of this parasite from low-responder c57 bl/10 mice was unaffected. incomplete freund's adjuvant (ifa) did not induce protection and it was concluded that the mycobacterial component, present in cfa but absent from ifa, was responsible for inducing these non-specific protective effects. cfa did not induce t. spiralis-s ... | 1996 | 8574244 |
| peptide polymerisation facilitates incorporation into iscoms and increases antigen-specific igg2a production. | synthetic peptides can be tailor-made to include any b or t epitopes desired from a single or multiple antigens or organisms. however, peptides in general are not very immunogenic and have not proven easy to incorporate into immunogenic vaccines. iscoms is an adjuvant system that has the capability not only to enhance the humoral immunogenicity of a protein but has also been shown to induce cell-mediated immune responses in animals. synthetic peptide iscom vaccines are few because of the difficu ... | 1995 | 8578827 |
| fine specificity of immune responses to epitopic sequences in synthetic peptides containing b and t epitopes from the conserved plasmodium falciparum blood-stage antigens. | immunisation with two chemically synthesised, linear, multiple epitope peptides (mep) containing b and t cell epitopes from two conserved blood-stage antigens of the human malaria parasite, plasmodium falciparum, induced high levels of circulating antibodies without the use of a carrier protein. immunisation of balb/c mice with mep constructs (p1 and p2) induced antibodies against the various epitope sequences included in their structures, although the immune response was focused more towards th ... | 1995 | 8578829 |
| gliding bacterial adjuvant stimulates feline cytokines in vitro and antigen-specific igg in vivo. | gliding bacterial adjuvant (gba) has been previously characterized as a potent immune modulator, stimulating the growth of murine b lymphocytes, inducing murine nk cell activity, and promoting the release of several murine cytokines. based on these studies and our interest in potentiating the effectiveness of feline vaccines, gba was tested for its ability to stimulate feline t cells in vitro and act as a vaccine adjuvant in vivo. in vitro, gba stimulated feline pbls to proliferate and release i ... | 1995 | 8585283 |
| experimental autoimmune dacryoadenitis. i. lacrimal gland disease in the rat. | experimental autoimmune dacryoadenitis was produced in lewis rats by immunization with a single intradermal administration of a 3m kcl extract of exorbital lacrimal gland in cfa, when enhanced by simultaneous i.v. injection of killed bordetella pertussis. no significant lacrimal lesions were observed in control animals immunized with the extracts of harderian or salivary glands. gel filtration of the 3m kcl extract on sephacryl s-300 column yielded three protein fractions. only fraction iii (mw ... | 1987 | 8591907 |
| experimental autoimmune dacryoadenitis. ii. harderian gland disease in the rat. | experimental autoimmune dacryoadenitis was induced in 100% of lewis rats by immunization with a kcl extract of harderian gland in complete freund's adjuvant (cfa), providing that the animals had received simultaneously i.v. injection of killed bordetella pertussis. no significant pathological changes in the harderian gland were observed in control animals immunized with kcl extracts of lacrimal or salivary glands. gel filtration of the kcl extract on sephacryl s-300 column yielded three protein ... | 1987 | 8591908 |
| detection of the enteroaggregative escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin 1 gene sequences in enterotoxigenic e. coli strains pathogenic for humans. | the sequence of the enteroaggregative escherichia coli enterotoxin 1 ( east1) gene was present in most (or all) strains of human-colonizing enterotoxigenic e. coli (etec) with colonization factor antigen ii (cfa/ii) or cfa/iv (cs6). the east1 gene was also strongly associated with pcf09+ etec or cfa/i+ etec elaborating heat-liable enterotoxin (and heat-stable enterotoxin i). in contrast, cfa/i+ etec elaborating heat-stable enterotoxin i, cfa/iii+ etec, or cs17+ etec exhibited very weak or no ass ... | 1996 | 8606115 |
| the role of chemokines in oral tolerance. abrogation of nonresponsiveness by treatment with antimonocyte chemotactic protein-1. | peripheral antigen-specific tolerance can be induced by feeding protein antigens. the mechanism has been described as either clonal anergy/deletion or induction of antigen-specific regulatory cells that produce transforming growth factor (tgf)-beta, depending on the dose of antigen fed. experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae), an animal model for multiple sclerosis, can be prevented by feeding myelin basic protein (mbp) or proteolipid protein (plp). we decided to address the role of chem ... | 1996 | 8610967 |
| mucosal tolerance to experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis is associated with down-regulation of achr-specific ifn-gamma-expressing th1-like cells and up-regulation of tgf-beta mrna in mononuclear cells. | oral and nasal administration of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (achr) to lewis rats prior to myasthenogenic immunization with achr and complete freund's adjuvant (cfa) resulted in prevention or marked decrease of the severity of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (eamg) and suppression of achr-specific b-cell responses and of achr-reactive t-cell function. to examine the involvement of immunoregulatory cytokines and the underlying mechanisms involved in tolerance induction, in situ hyb ... | 1996 | 8610980 |
| streptococcal m protein peptide with similarity to myosin induces cd4+ t cell-dependent myocarditis in mrl/++ mice and induces partial tolerance against coxsakieviral myocarditis. | immunologic similarities have been demonstrated between coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3), group a streptococcal m protein, and cardiac myosin. previous studies have also shown that t lymphocytes obtained from cvb3-infected mice expressing the h-2k mhc haplotype gave an immunodominant proliferative response to the nt4 peptide (glkteneglkteneglkte) of the streptococcal m5 protein. we now show that the nt4 peptide can induce inflammatory heart disease in mrl/++ (h-2k) mice and that induction of anergy to t ... | 1996 | 8617982 |
| antigen-induced anaphylactic death in mice. | intravenous injection of bovine serum albumin (bsa) into the bsa/cfa-primed icr mice specifically induced anaphylactic death within 1 h. the anaphylactic death could not be induced until day 8 after sensitization, and sensitization subsisted for more than 3 months. the response was dose dependent; mice challenged with bsa doses higher or equivalent to 25 microgram developed anaphylactic death. the intravenous route was more effective than the intraperitoneal one, while subcutaneous injection was ... | 1996 | 8634527 |
| cytokine gene expression in pancreatic islet-infiltrating leukocytes of bb rats: expression of th1 cytokines correlates with beta-cell destructive insulitis and iddm. | cytokines produced by islet-infiltrating mononuclear leukocytes may be involved in islet beta-cell destruction and iddm. to determine which cytokine(s) might be involved in islet beta-cell destruction, we used a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay to compare levels of cytokine mrna expression in mononuclear leukocytes freshly isolated from islets of four groups of bb rats aged 60-75 days: diabetes-prone (dp) rats, dp rats protected from diabetes by injection of complete freund' ... | 1996 | 8635648 |
| inhibition by ctla4ig of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. | b7-1 and b7-2 are well characterized costimulatory ligands on ag presentation cells for the cd28 and ctla4 receptors on t cells. the fusion protein ctla4ig can block this interaction and prevent specific t cell activation. the development of fatal cd4+ t cell-mediated experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (eae) in susceptible female lewis rats was optimized by immunization with 20 mg of guinea pig spinal cord homogenate in cfa on day 0 with three doses of 1 microgram pertussis toxin given i.v. ... | 1996 | 8648142 |
| characterization of new periodontal and endodontic isolates of spirochetes. | gas chromatographic analysis of cellular fatty acids (cfa), biochemical reactions, electrophoresis of soluble cellular proteins, as well as immunodiffusion were used to discriminate between 16 fresh spirochete isolates from periodontal and endodontic infections. cfa patterns were compared by the hewlett packard midi library to all available reference strains, and results of the biochemical tests were compared to vpi's records for treponemal strains. the electrophoretograms of soluble proteins of ... | 1996 | 8653496 |
| [embryo transfer in a senegal village environment]. | this study aims to identify the embryo transfer constraints and production costs at a village level in the district of kolda (senegal). fifteen (15) donors cows were superovulated using 2500 ui pmsg (group a n = 8), 32 mg of fsh (group b n = 3) and 36 mg of fsh (group c n = 4). the average number of yellow bodies that were palpated was 5.06 and the mean rates of collected embryos were 5.66 for group a, 2.5 for group b and 3.3 for group c. the average transferable embryos were 2.33 for group a, 0 ... | 1994 | 8654168 |
| modulatory effects of hen egg-white lysozyme on immune response in mice. | the effect of her egg-white lysozyme (hewl) on immune response was evaluated by measuring antibody-producing cells and circulating antibodies in mice inoculated with the test antigen (srbc or bsa) and hewl at the same time but in a separate body area. hewl caused a premature decline in srbc-specific plaque forming cells (pfc) and a reduction in the total amount of these cells. hewl inhibited antibody production against bsa in the primary response, but was devoid of any effect on the secondary re ... | 1996 | 8673848 |
| the in vivo mechanism of action of ctla4ig. | a single dose of ctla4ig, an inhibitor of cd28-mediated t cell costimulation, given 2 days after transplantation induces specific unresponsiveness to alloantigens in vivo. however, the mechanisms responsible are unknown. using pigeon cytochrome c as a model ag, we monitored the effect of ctla4ig on the fate of ag-reactive t cells in normal mice and on pigeon cytochrome c-specific tcr transgenic cells adoptively transferred into congenic mice. ctla4ig significantly inhibits immunization with pige ... | 1996 | 8690920 |
| ultrastructural change of the glomerular basement membrane in rats with heymann nephritis revealed by ultrahigh resolution scanning electron microscopy. | to assess the relationship between the glomerular injury induced by immune complex deposition and proteinuria, ultrastructural changes of the glomerular basement membrane (gbm) were investigated in heymann nephritis. active heymann nephritis was induced in rats by injecting them with tubular brush border antigen, known as fx1a, emulsified in complete freund's adjuvant (cfa). measurement of urinary protein excretion and histological examinations were carried out for up to 15 weeks after immunizat ... | 1996 | 8691335 |
| comparison by restriction enzyme analysis of three fowl adenoviruses of varying pathogenicity. | restriction enzyme studies have been used to divide the fowl adenoviruses (fav) into 5 groups - a, b,c,d and e. more detailed restriction enzyme studies of a series of group e fav field isolates showed that these methods could differentiate between mildly and hypervirulent fav belonging to this group. we have mapped the genomes of the hypervirulent (cfa 40) and two of the mildly virulent fav (cfa 44 and cfa 3), using 11 different restriction enzymes: hindiii, bglii, xbai, ndei, spei, drai, noti, ... | 1996 | 8701571 |
| granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor: an effective adjuvant for protein and peptide-based vaccines. | the current studies evaluate granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (gm-csf) as a vaccine adjuvant. an important issue for developing vaccine therapy for human malignancy is identifying adjuvants that can elicit t-cell responses to proteins and peptides derived from "self" tumor antigens. gm-csf, in vitro, stimulates the growth of antigen-presenting cells such as dendritic cells and macrophages. initial experiments examined whether gm-csf injected into the skin of rats could affect the ... | 1996 | 8704175 |
| beta-adrenergic receptor regulation of macrophage-derived tumor necrosis factor-alpha production from rats with experimental arthritis. | prostaglandin e2 (pge2) and beta-adrenergic agonists can suppress lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf) production from elicited macrophages. we assessed the responsiveness of rat peritoneal macrophages to pge2 and the beta-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol during immunologically-mediated arthritis. we assessed macrophage sensitivity to these mediators from resident macrophages and macrophages elicited with either streptococcal cell wall or complete freund's adjuvant. perit ... | 1996 | 8707933 |
| experimental methods for immunization and challenge in antigenicity studies in guinea pigs. | optimal experimental methods for antigenicity studies in guinea pigs were investigated on: (1) the effects of different immunizing methods using complete or incomplete freund's adjuvants (cfa or ifa), and various injection sites, the number of immunizations, the immunizing doses, and the immunizing periods, (2) the relationship between the severity of active systemic anaphylaxis (asa) reactions and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (pca) titers, (3) positive control for oral administration, and (4) ... | 1995 | 8720164 |
| recovery phase of acute experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in rats corresponds to development of endothelial cell unresponsiveness to interferon gamma activation. | activation of the vascular endothelium is important in the development of inflammation. activated endothelial cells (ec) express surface markers not expressed by quiescent ec. these surface markers augment adhesion reactions and leukocyte migration. we examined microvessel ec activation longitudinally in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae) in lewis rats. cns microvessels were isolated at 0, 3, 7, 12, 20, and 30 days post-inoculation (pi). normal and cfa-injected rat microvessels do n ... | 1996 | 8723761 |
| myelin basic protein in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis is not affected at the posttranslational level: implications for demyelinating disease. | the microheterogeneity of myelin basic protein, expressed as the ratio between the least cationic (c-8) charge isomer and the most cationic (c-1), was examined in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (eae) cases. these included acute eae of 2 months' duration induced with bovine proteolipid protein in complete freund's adjuvant (cfa), chronic eae induced with mouse spinal cord homogenate in varying doses from 0.5 to 2.0 mg in cfa, and chronic relapsing eae of 12 months' duration induced with ... | 1996 | 8739153 |
| heat shock proteins and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae): i. immunization with a peptide of the myelin protein 2',3' cyclic nucleotide 3' phosphodiesterase that is cross-reactive with a heat shock protein alters the course of eae. | we describe sequence similarity and immunologic cross-reactivity between a peptide of the mycobacterial hsp, hsp65, and the myelin protein 2',3' cyclic nucleotide 3' phosphodiesterase (cnp). we demonstrate that immunization with the homologous cross-reactive cnp peptide (hsp-cnp peptide) has significant biological consequences. rats immunized with hsp-cnp peptide in either complete freund's adjuvant (cfa) or incomplete freund's adjuvant (ifa) produce large amounts of peptide-specific antibody. i ... | 1996 | 8739158 |
| molecular analysis of the cso operon of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli reveals that csoa is the adhesin of cs1 fimbriae and that the accessory genes are interchangeable with those of the cfa operon. | a deletion mutation in csoa, the gene encoding the structural subunit protein of cs1 fimbriae of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli of serotype o6:k15:h16 or h-, was constructed in the subcloned cs1 genetic determinant. the mutation resulted in the abolition of cs1 fimbrial adhesiveness. complementation, in trans, involving the determinant with the csoa deletion mutation and the gene encoding the structural subunit protein, csoa, expressed from compatible plasmids, restored the expression and adhe ... | 1995 | 8535513 |
| taxonomy of lactic acid bacteria associated with vacuum-packaged processed meat spoilage by multivariate analysis of cellular fatty acids. | the taxonomy of lactic acid bacteria from vacuum-packaged processed meats is problematic, and atypical members of the leuconostocs and the lactobacillus sake / curvatus group are often encountered. in order to resolve this problem the cellular fatty acid (cfa) content of 61 isolates from vacuum-packaged vienna sausages and 18 reference strains was determined by gas chromatography. the relationship between strains was derived by principal component analysis of data. the cfa profiles were highly r ... | 1995 | 8751093 |
| short term treatment with soluble neuroantigen and anti-cd11a (lfa-1) protects rats against autoimmune encephalomyelitis: treatment abrogates autoimmune disease but not autoimmunity. | resistance to autoimmune encephalomyelitis was induced by s.c. infusion of myelin basic protein (mbp) in saline in combination with i.p. injections of anti-cd11a (lfa-1) mabs. this treatment induces resistance to eae induction, which appears early and persists for at least one month after treatment. some mbp-cfa-challenged resistant rats showed minimal inflammation in the central nervous system, which was, however, confined to the meninges of the lower spinal cord. examination of the immune stat ... | 1996 | 8757317 |
| anergy-associated t cell antigen presentation. a mechanism of infectious tolerance in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. | cd4+ t cells promote immune responses against foreign ags while actively suppressing responses against self ags. to address how cd4+ t cells ensure self-tolerance, we focused on two cd4+ t helper cells specific for myelin basic protein (mbp). gp2.e5/r1 t cells recognized rat mbp (rmbp) as a partial agonist and mediated mild experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae), whereas r2 t cells recognized rmbp with full efficacy and mediated severe eae. gp2.e5/r1 t cells were more susceptible to ane ... | 1996 | 8757610 |
| regional differences in mechanical properties between major arteries--an experimental study in sheep. | to study possible differences in mechanical properties between central (abdominal aorta) and more peripheral (common carotid and common femoral) arteries validating an earlier non-invasive study in children showing that central arteries are more distensible than peripheral ones. as invasive blood pressure was needed, but ethically impossible to obtain in children in an experimental setting, an animal model was chosen. | 1996 | 8760981 |
| a single gene encoding the fiber is responsible for variations in virulence in the fowl adenoviruses. | intertypic recombinant fowl adenoviruses (favs) were generated to determine regions of the viral genome involved in virulence. recombinants were produced with two serotype 8 favs, mildly virulent cfa 3 and hypervirulent cfa 40. restriction endonuclease fragments from the genomes of the two favs were used to transfect primary chicken kidney cells. virulence testing of these recombinants located the region responsible for differences in virulence to an 8.4-kb fragment of the genome located between ... | 1996 | 8764019 |
| antigen processing and presentation of a naturally glycosylated protein elicits major histocompatibility complex class ii-restricted, carbohydrate-specific t cells. | it is well known that t cells recognize antigen as processed peptides bound to major histocompatibility complex molecules on the surface of antigen-presenting cells. recently, it has been shown that t cells can specifically recognize synthetic glycopeptides. however, whether glycopeptides are selected for presentation during antigen processing of glycoproteins and eventually elicit carbohydrate-specific t cells is still an open question. in this study, we utilized synthetic glycopeptides to anal ... | 1996 | 8765038 |
| consequences of reduced fibre intake on digestion, rate of passage and caecal microbial activity in the young rabbit. | the present work was undertaken to study in vivo fibre degradation, rate of passage and caecal fermentation activity (cfa) in the young rabbit (7 weeks old) receiving ad lib. a control (c) or low-fibre (lf) diet (400 and 220 g neutral-detergent fibre (ndf)/kg respectively). as a consequence of the 50% reduction in the dietary fibre level, the voluntary food intake of the rabbits decreased by 25%, and the daily fibre intake was reduced by 60% (26.7 and 10.8 g ndf/d for groups c and lf, respective ... | 1996 | 8785210 |
| immunological prevention of spontaneous early embryo resorption is mediated by non-specific immunosimulation. | spontaneous early embryo resorption following implantation occurs in many species, but little is known regarding the causes or the prevention of early pregnancy failure. embryo and fetal loss have widely been assumed to be due to maternal allospecific immune rejection. alloimmunization therapy with paternal tissues has been successfully used in human and murine pregnancies to prevent early embryo demise. the mechanisms of this treatment have been assumed to be the induction of antigen specific, ... | 1996 | 8789558 |