| is mate choice copying or aggregation responsible for skewed distributions of females on leks? | in several lek-breeding populations of birds and mammals, females arriving on leks tend to join males that already have females in their territories. this might occur either because females have an evolved preference for mating with males that are attractive to other females, or because they join groups of other females to obtain greater safety from predation or dangerous harassment by males. we have previously used controlled experiments to show that oestrous fallow deer females join males with ... | 1994 | 8153135 |
| effects of an antiandrogen treatment on morphological characters and physiological functions of male fallow deer (dama dama l.). | from mid-april to late november, i.e., during antler growth phase and main breeding season, a group of four (later three) male fallow deer was treated with increasing doses of the antiandrogen cyproterone acetate (ca). throughout the treatment period, plasma testosterone levels of the bucks were either undetectable or only slightly above the detection limit of 0.1 ng/ml. in marked contrast to controls, testicular volumes and neck girths of the ca treated bucks were basal during the application p ... | 1993 | 8228867 |
| real-time ultrasonography for pregnancy diagnosis and foetal ageing in fallow deer. | three groups of 15 to 17 adult fallow does with some additional yearling does in 2 of the groups were treated to synchronize oestrous cycles, and mated. all does were scanned by ultrasound at 4 weeks of gestation and at weekly intervals from week 7 to week 14 of gestation. growth rates of 13 foetal and uterine characters, which have been used for ageing foetuses of red deer, were similar for adult and yearling does and among the 3 groups. transrectal ultrasound scanning was a reliable and accura ... | 1993 | 8257315 |
| a serologic survey for some bacterial and viral zoonoses in game animals in the czech republic. | between 1986 and 1991, sera were collected from 33 roe deer (capreolus capreolus), 24 red deer (cervus elaphus), four fallow deer (dama dama), two mouflon (ovis musimon), 34 wild boars (sus scrofa), and 48 hares (lepus europaeus) shot in two areas of the czech republic. collectively, the sera contained antibodies to coxiella burnetii (prevalence of 12%), francisella tularensis (4%), brucella spp. (2%), central european tick-borne encephalitis virus (8%), tahyna (california serogroup) virus (36%) ... | 1993 | 8258864 |
| [epidemiologic study of lyme disease in asturias]. | the aim of this study was to confirm the sierra del sueve (asturias) as an endemic area for lyme's disease and determine the seroprevalence of this disease in inhabitants of this and other zones of asturias. | 1993 | 8260513 |
| srui restriction endonuclease from selenomonas ruminantium. | srui, specific restriction endonuclease, has been characterized from selenomonas ruminantium isolated from the rumen of fallow deer. results from the study demonstrate that s. ruminantium 18d possesses a type ii restriction endonuclease, which recognizes the sequence 5'-ttt decreases aaa-3'. the recognition sequence of srui was identified using digestions on pbr322, pbr328, puc18, m13mp18rf, pacyc184 and lambda dna. the cleavage patterns obtained were compared with computer-derived data. srui re ... | 1993 | 8262361 |
| enterococci and staphylococci isolates from rumen of fallow deers and their antimicrobial activity. | this work presents enterococci and staphylococci isolated from the rumen content of fallow deers, their characteristics and antimicrobial activity. on the basis of biochemical tests, strains isolated were allotted to the species enterococcus solitarius, e. malodoratus, staphylococcus warneri, s. aureus, s. sciuri subsp. sciuri and s. xylosus. all strains produce lactic acid in the range from 0.303 to 0.500 mol.l-1. isolated strains were found to be resistant or sensitive to the antimicrobial add ... | 1993 | 8264425 |
| [the lymph vessel system of fallow deer (dama dama l. 1758)]. | in the present study the main lymph vessels of important lymph centres of fallow deer are described in detail and represented radiologically. the lymph flow from the periphery (ear conch, distal extremity) to the entry into the venous angle is proved by means of simultaneous indirect lymphography (sil). the vasa afferentia do not lead from the lateral ear conch to the ni. parotideus, as usually described with domestic animals, but run dorsally along the cervical vertebra to the ni. cervicalis su ... | 1993 | 8319546 |
| pharyngeal bot flies (oestridae) from sympatric wild cervids in southern spain. | the prevalence of 2 species of pharyngeal bot flies parasitizing sympatric wild ungulates from southern spain is given. pharyngomyia picta was found in all red deer and fallow deer whereas cephenemyia auribarbis was found in 59% of fallow deer and 81% of red deer examined. the mean number of p. picta larvae was 3-6 times more than that of c. auribarbis larvae. these data suggest that red deer are more heavily parasitized than fallow deer and that they are predominantly infested with p. picta lar ... | 1993 | 8331487 |
| spiculopteragia spiculoptera and s. asymmetrica (nematoda: trichostrongyloidea) from red deer (cervus elaphus) in texas. | specimens of spiculopteragia spiculoptera and s. asymmetrica were recovered from the abomasa of five of ten naturally infected red deer (cervus elaphus) in texas (usa). female specimens of spiculopteragia were present in all five animals. male specimens of s. spiculoptera and s. asymmetrica were present in one of five and three of five red deer, respectively. spiculopteragia spiculoptera has not previously been recognized in the united states and the present report constitutes the first records ... | 1993 | 8355362 |
| characterization of megatrypanum trypanosomes from european cervidae. | megatrypanum trypanosomes have been isolated from a number of different european cervidae, but on the basis of morphology it has not been possible to define the species to which these isolates belong. we isolated trypanosoma (megatrypanum) theileri from 10 cattle, and megatrypanum trypanosomes from 11 fallow deer (cervus dama), 9 red deer (cervus elaphus), and 4 roe deer (capreolus capreolus) by blood culture on a biphasic medium (nnn agar slopes). trypanosomes were propagated in schneider's dro ... | 1993 | 8355998 |
| endocrine responses and conception rates in fallow deer (dama dama) following oestrous synchronization and cervical insemination with fresh or frozen-thawed spermatozoa. | in expt 1, 59 mature fallow deer does were allocated to six treatments (n = 9-10 per treatment). does assigned to treatments 1, 2 and 3 each received an i.m. injection of 500 micrograms cloprostenol on day 13 of a luteal cycle. does in treatments 2 and 3 received 50 or 100 iu pregnant mares' serum gonadotrophin (pmsg), respectively, at the time of prostaglandin administration. does assigned to treatments 4, 5 and 6 each received single intravaginal controlled internal drug release (cidr) devices ... | 1993 | 8410816 |
| [thiocyanate blood levels in roe deer, red deer, fallow deer and wild boar]. | the following serum levels of thiocyanate (scn-) were found in game: roe 6.6 +/- 4 mg/l, red deer 5.5 +/- 3.2 mg/l, fallow-deer 5.1 +/- 2.8 mg/l, and wild boar 4.8 +/- 4.5 mg/l (variation 0.6-32.6 mg scn-/l). these levels are distinctly higher than in domestic animals under stall-feeding with exception of mast calves which were fed milk-substitutes. the scn- serum level of calves, sheep and horses reach at pasturing nearly the level of game. the higher scn- serum level of cloven-hoof game resp. ... | 1993 | 8431200 |
| streptococcus suis infection in fallow deer. | | 1993 | 8465510 |
| [the content of hemoglobin in the blood and the abundant and trace elements in blood plasma and erythrocytes of sheep, fallow deer, dwarf goats and reindeer]. | of the 4 species, the blood of fallow deer had the highest concentration of hb (10.9 +/- 0.7) and that of pygmy goats (6.5 +/- 1.4 mmol/l) the lowest. the highest concentration of protein in the plasma was found in the reindeer (81.2 +/- 2.1) and the lowest in the pygmy goats (59.1 +/- 4.3 g/l). high values of ascorbic acid were recorded in the reindeer (16.4 +/- 2.4) and in the finnish sheep (16.3 +/- 2.5 micrograms/ml). there existed some differences in the concentrations of na, k, ca, mg, pa, ... | 1993 | 8488500 |
| pattern of abomasal helminths in fallow deer farming in umbria (central italy). | five helminth species were seen in the abomasa of 29 farmed fallow deer. spiculopteragia asymmetrica was most common in both prevalence (96.6%) and abundance (166.2). ostertagia drozdzi, ostertagia arctica and spiculopteragia quadrispiculata were also recovered with high prevalence (79.3-93.1%); trichostrongylus axei was sporadic (3.4%). yearlings had worm counts of 496-1480, adult males of 168-1720 and females of 18-2008. for nine of 13 deer, the faecal egg counts were negative and post-mortem ... | 1993 | 8493770 |
| effects of an antiandrogen treatment on the antler cycle of male fallow deer (dama dama l.). | weekly application of the antiandrogen cyproteron acetate (ca) to 3 adult (group 1, treatment starting 3 weeks prior to the rut) and 4 subadult (group 2, treatment starting after the rut) fallow bucks led to premature antler casting after about 9 weeks (group 1) or 16 to 17 days (group 2). variation in time span between onset of ca administration and induced casting (in late november/early december) is attributed to age- and season-dependent differences in androgen levels before and during the t ... | 1993 | 8515202 |
| diversionary role of hoofed game in the transmission of lyme disease spirochetes. | to determine whether the presence of ungulates may inhibit transmission of the agent of lyme disease (borrelia burgdorferi) while promoting the abundance of its european vector tick (ixodes ricinus), we compared the feeding density of subadult ticks on roe deer (capreolus capreolus), red deer (cervus elaphus), fallow deer (dama dama), and wild sheep (ovis ammon) near berlin and in brandenburg state, germany. the prevalence of spirochetal infection in these ticks was compared with that in ticks s ... | 1993 | 8517488 |
| one known sarcocystis species and one found for the first time in fallow deer (dama dama). | sarcocysts of free-ranging indigenous fallow deer (dama d. dama) from northeast germany and captive persian fallow deer (dama dama mesopotamica) from the zoo berlin-friedrichsfelde were described using the transmission electron microscope. two sarcocystis species (sporozoa, sarcocystidae) were found in d. d. dama, one of them already known, the other new for this host. the known species was also found in d. dama mesopotamica. comparing the literature, former own findings in roe deer, red deer or ... | 1995 | 8528305 |
| dynamics of endoparasites in farmed fallow deer (dama dama) from birth to puberty. | rectal faecal samples from farmed fallow deer were examined for eggs, larvae and oocysts of gastro-intestinal and pulmonary parasites from july 1992, then the fawns were 6 weeks old, to september 1993 in four weekly intervals. the investigations showed a succession of species: trichuris spp., nematodirus roscidus and capillaria bovis had their peaks in egg output in august 1992, september 1992 and february 1993, respectively. after reaching peaks the faecal output of trichuris spp. and nematodir ... | 1995 | 8541894 |
| the endocrine cells in the gastro-enteric tract of adult fallow deer (dama dama l.). | endocrine cells were detected in the gastro-enteric tract of the fallow deer by means of immunohistochemical procedures, using antibodies against serotonin, somatostatin, gastrin, glucagon and cholecystokinin. the number of cells positive for each antiserum in each region was evaluated. serotonin-containing enterochromaffin (ec) cells were present in every region investigated and were most numerous in the proximal duodenum. cells positive for somatostatin were present in all the regions studied, ... | 1995 | 8546324 |
| comparative rapd-pcr analysis of lungworms (dictyocaulidae) from fallow deer, cattle, sheep, and horses. | genomic dna isolated from the four dictyocaulus species d. viviparus, d. eckerti, d. filaria and d. arnfieldi was compared by random amplified polymorphic dna polymerase chain reaction (rapd)-pcr to get additional information whether lungworms from fallow deer belong to a separate species (d. eckerti) or have to be regarded as an isolate of d. viviparus in wild ruminants. the resulting banding patterns of the electrophoresed pcr products were compared to assess the degree of genetic differences ... | 1995 | 8553712 |
| [evaluation of the meat quality of game]. | the carcasses of 140 roe deer, 129 wild boars, 81 red deer and 55 fallow deer were examined to determine meat quality with respect to the influence of typical hunting situations. after hunting, many carcasses had not been cooled, which significantly influenced meat-quality parameters. the ph-value, detected electrochemically, gave the most reliable results out of all the meat-quality parameters investigated. determination of the ph-value with regard to the ph indexes ascertained for different po ... | 1995 | 8578914 |
| bovine virus diarrhea and mucosal disease in free-ranging and captive deer (cervidae) in germany. | from 1990 until 1992, 355 blood samples of roe deer (capreolus capreolus) (n = 123), red deer (cervus elaphus) (n = 60), fallow deer (dama dama) (n = 87) and other cervid species (n = 85) from three different habitats (n = 180) and 11 wildlife parks or zoos (n = 175) in germany were tested for prevalence of pestivirus antibodies. seventeen samples were seropositive for bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv); only one animal had antibodies for border disease virus. microneutralization test titers ran ... | 1995 | 8583646 |
| [seasonal effect on serum levels of thyroid hormones in german shepherds and dachshunds and their health status]. | a relatively frequent prevalence of dermatoses in summer has drawn our attention. dermatoses of endocrine origin occur very often. we have noticed the deterioration of skin changes in animals with hypothyroidism. bubeník et al. (1983), webster et al. (1991), reiter et al. (1988) reported that changes in concentrations of thyroid hormones were found in fallow-deer, sheep and hamsters due to the effect of temperature and season. based upon this knowledge we have decided to observe the health statu ... | 1995 | 8585138 |
| [serologic investigations on the occurrence of maedi-visna antibodies in game ruminants]. | the lentiviruses of small domestic ruminants (maedi-visna and caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus) have been shown to be infective for each other. there are only few investigations of virus susceptibility of other species of animals. the aim of our study reported here was to evaluate sera of wild animal species for lentivirus antibodies. 344 sera of capreolus capreolus, cervus elaphus and dama dama from a territory with known sheep populations prevalence were tested in the agar gel immunodiffus ... | 1995 | 8593775 |
| tissue differentiation and correlated changes in enzymatic activities during primary antler development in fallow deer (dama dama). | deer antlers are useful models for studying bone growth and biomineralization in mammals. to achieve a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the formation of primary cranial appendages in deer, the present study relates the histogenesis of primary antlers to changes in enzymatic (phosphatase) activities in the different tissue zones of this organ. | 1995 | 8597287 |
| species differentiation of lungworms (dictyocaulidae) by polymerase chain reaction/restriction-fragment-length polymorphism of second internal transcribed spacers of ribosomal dna. | the bovine lungworm dictyocaulus viviparus is found in cattle and deer species (roe deer, fallow deer). although a separate lungworm species (d. eckerti) from roe deer has been described, this description, based on minor morphological differences, is not generally accepted. the aim of the present study was to examine genetic differences among four lungworm species isolated from cattle, sheep, horses, and fallow deer. ribosomal second internal transcribed spacers (its2) of individual worms of all ... | 1996 | 8738276 |
| ciliary abnormalities in the tracheal epithelium of normal fallow deer (dama dama). | specimens of tracheal mucosa were obtained from seven 2- to 5-year-old healthy fallow deer by an olympus gif p20 fibroscope. biopsies were performed in two selected areas in the upper and lower third, respectively. ultrastructurally, a total of 50,000 cilia were examined. pathological cilia were found in all examined subjects. the prevalence of compound cilia showed a range of 0.9 to 3.0%. the presence of both intracytoplasmatic and swollen cilia ranged from 0.1 to 0.2%. furthermore, the microtu ... | 1996 | 8765584 |
| relationship between ixodes ricinus density and prevalence of infection with borrelia-like spirochetes and density of infected ticks. | during 1994-1995 we examined the density of questing ixodes ricinus (l.) nymphs and their prevalence of infection with borrelia-like spirochetes at 43 localities in south-central sweden with median nymphal densities ranging from 0.1 to > 50/100 m2. the general pattern was that the infection prevalence in nymphs increased with nymphal density at < 10 nymphs per 100 m2, peaked (20-30%) at 10-20 nymphs per 100 m2, and decreased at higher nymphal densities. a low infection prevalence (7-10%) in nymp ... | 1996 | 8840687 |
| innervation and anesthesia of the antler pedicle in wapiti and fallow deer. | the heads from 6 mature male wapiti and 8 mature male fallow deer were dissected to provide a description of the nerves supplying the antler pedicles. innervation in both species was found to resemble that of the red deer, with major contributions coming from the infratrochlear and zygomaticotemporal nerves. all heads displayed a dorsal branch from the auriculopalpebral nerve, but in only 2 wapiti and 3 fallow deer heads was this branch observed travelling to the pedicle. the dorsal branches of ... | 1996 | 8853883 |
| oxygen binding to fallow-deer (dama dama) hemoglobin: stepwise enthalpies at ph 7.4. | high-precision thin-layer gas-solution microcalorimetry has been used to study the oxygen binding properties of fallow-deer (dama dama) hemoglobin under physiological conditions. this method measures directly the enthalpy of macromolecular ligand binding by changing the ligand activity in a manner analogous to that of the gill thin-layer optical apparatus ([1], d. dolman and s. j. gill, anal. biochem., 87 (1978) 127-134). by logarithmically lowering the partial pressure of oxygen we have generat ... | 1996 | 8867331 |
| serum testosterone, 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone and different sex characteristics in male fallow deer (cervus dama): a long-term experiment with accelerated photoperiods. | to investigate the photoperiodic influence on androgen, testis volume, neck girth, and antler-cycles, five fallow bucks were exposed consecutively to different accelerated photoperiodic cycles (three 6-month, three 4-month, and one 3-month cycle). all parameters immediately followed artificial light cycles. unlike in natural conditions, antler casting, regrowth, and velvet shedding occurred at decreasing day-lengths. the experiment provided further evidence that in fallow bucks the reproductive ... | 1996 | 8896342 |
| nadh diaphorase polymorphism in european fallow deer. | nadh diaphorase polymorphism is reported for european fallow deer (d. d. dama) from coto de doñana national park (spain). allele frequencies of p = 0.682 (anodic variant) and q = 0.318 (cathodic variant) in 110 specimens suggest population genetic usefulness of this biallelic system in an otherwise fairly monomorphic cervid species. | 1996 | 8935993 |
| effect of testosterone on binding of insulin-like growth factor-i (igf-i) and igf-ii in growing antlers of fallow deer (dama dama). | testosterone regulation of antler growth may be via the insulin-like growth factors (igfs). using histological autoradiography we have measured the specific binding of igf-i and igf-ii to antler sections during normal growth and during the maturation which follows testosterone treatment of adult fallow deer. in antlers from 20 to 100 days following casting, igf-i binding was constant within each histological region until 80 days. between this time and 100 days there was decreased binding to chon ... | 1996 | 8971550 |
| feeding and social behavior of fallow deer (dama dama l.) under intensive pasture confinement. | a population of 110 adult fallow deer kept in an enclosure under very intensive conditions (31.4 deer/ha) was observed for 12 h/d (from 0800 to 2000) for 17 d during the birth season in order to study social and feeding behavior under intensive management. observations were carried out by a scan sampling technique. the feeding activity of all the deer that were not hidden behind trees or other obstacles in the enclosure (60 to 90% of all deer) and the composition and position of all groups were ... | 1997 | 9051456 |
| cross-infections between fallow deer and domestic ruminants with large lungworms (dictyocaulus spp.). | groups of four deer each were experimentally infected with larvae of dictyocaulus (d.) eckerti (from fallow deer) or d. viviparus (from cattle) or d. filaria (from sheep), groups of four cattle each with d. viviparus or d. eckerti and groups of 4 lambs each with d. filaria or d. eckerti. the animals were daily examined coprologically following the 16th day post infectionem. the animals were slaughtered at different times and the lungs were dissected. with the exception of the infection of the sh ... | 1996 | 9060169 |
| species-specific polymerase chain reaction for the differentiation of larvae from dictyocaulus viviparus and dictyocaulus eckerti. | using substantial interspecific differences between the second internal transcribed spacer (its2) region within the rdna gene of dictyocaulus eckerti and dictyocaulus viviparus a species-specific pcr was developed to distinguish between lungworm larvae of the two species from fallow deer and cattle. it was found that the method of dna extraction was crucial for the sensitivity of the pcr. with serial dilutions of dna extracted from 10,000 larvae the its2 fragment could be amplified from all dilu ... | 1997 | 9066058 |
| histochemical study of lectin binding in the major salivary glands of adult fallow-deer (dama dama l.). | the sugar residues in glycoconjugates present in the parotid and mandibular glands of the adult fallow-deer were detected and characterized by using a battery of eight different lectin-horseradish peroxidase conjugates. in some cases a treatment with sialidase preceded the lectin staining. parotid secretory cells produced glycoconjugates with n-acetylgalactosamine, n-acetylglucosamine and mannose residues. mucous acinar cells were the most reactive sites of the mandibular gland and contained con ... | 1997 | 9150800 |
| differences in a ribosomal dna sequence of lungworm species (nematoda:dictyocaulidae) from fallow deer, cattle, sheep and donkeys. | the second internal transcribed spacer (its2)* of the ribosomal dna of dictyocaulus viviparus from cattle, d eckerti from fallow deer. d filaria from sheep and d arnfieldi from donkeys has been sequenced to investigate the genetic relationships among lungworm species, especially between d viviparus and d eckerti, because the latter is not generally accepted as a separate species. the length of the its2 varied between 403 and 481 bases, and its gc content ranged from 25 to 33 per cent. intraspeci ... | 1997 | 9160418 |
| pharmacokinetics of long-acting oxytetracycline in fallow deer (dama dama). | | 1997 | 9185093 |
| [taxonomy of european and persian fallow deer on the basis of bone remains in turkey]. | the site of sirkeli höyük is located on the cukurova-plain in southern turkey upon the river ceyhan. during the excavation bones were recovered from strata that date from the chalkolithikum (4th millenium b.c.) to hellenistic-roman times (2nd/1st century b.c.). the analysis of these remains evaluates the nutritional habits of the höyük inhabitants and the reconstruction of the former landscape. apparently it consisted of a vast steppe with gallery forests along the rivers and fens. the identific ... | 1997 | 9198958 |
| descriptive epidemiology of captive cervid herds in michigan, usa. | a study was designed to determine the species composition, disease period prevalence, and utilization of preventive practices in captive cervid herds in michigan. this is the first description of cervid farming in the united states. data for the 12 months preceding the study were collected by means of a mail questionnaire conducted from march 3 through june 28, 1993. completed questionnaires were returned by 228 of 362 (63%) farms. study respondents reported ownership of a total of 4972 (80.9%) ... | 1997 | 9208449 |
| comparison of seasonal changes in reproductive parameters of adult male european fallow deer (dama dama dama) and hybrid mesopotamian x european fallow deer (d. d. mesopotamica x d. d. dama). | in a study, aimed at comparing seasonal reproductive development of european fallow deer (dama dama dama) with mesopotamian (d. d. mesopotamico) x european f1 hybrids, five adult males of each genotype, which had been raised together since birth, were maintained as a bachelor group. morphometric (body weight, neck circumference and testis diameter), endocrine (plasma testosterone concentrations) and seminal (ejaculate volume, spermatozoa per ejaculate and spermatozoa motility) parameters were re ... | 1996 | 9227923 |
| ocular disease associated with silage feeding and listeria monocytogenes in fallow deer. | | 1997 | 9234555 |
| some haematological and immunological parameters of farmed deer in hungary. | a haematological survey of farmed fallow deer (dama dama) and red deer (cervus elaphus) was carried out. in the winter period the red blood cell (rbc) count was 9.0 x 10(12)/l in adult fallow-does, and 6.1 x 10(12)/l in fawns. the haemoglobin (hb) level and mean corpuscular volume (mcv) were also significantly (p < 0.05) lower in fawns than in adult fallow deer. in blood samples taken from red deer in different physiological and nutritional periods, the stags showed the lowest mean rbc count in ... | 1997 | 9270131 |
| the mitochondrial control region of cervidae: evolutionary patterns and phylogenetic content. | the mitochondrial control region (cr) sequence, also known as the d-loop, has been determined for six cervidae (artiodactyla, ruminantia): the red and fallow deers (subfamily cervinae), the brocket deer and two roe deers (subfamily odocoileinae), and the chinese water deer (hydropotinae). these new sequences have been aligned with available cervid and bovid orthologues. comparative analyses indicate that the 5'-peripheral domain exhibits a 75-bp length polymorphism near sequences associated with ... | 1997 | 9364773 |
| [a focus of dermacentor reticulatus kept by red and fallow deer in animal husbandry (kosewo, poland)]. | focus of dermacentor reticulatus has been found on the area of fenced cervides farm. very frequent occurrence of d. reticulatus on plants of red and fallow deer pens indicates that these animals in farm conditions are good hosts of adult forms of this tick. on pens of red deer the number of ticks caught on plants was considerable greater than on pens of fallow deer. however, proportion of males in spring and autumn populations of ticks caught on fallow deer pens was considerable greater than on ... | 1997 | 9424941 |
| [enzootic spinal ataxia in fallow and wild red deer in upper bavaria]. | since 1993 several cases of spinal ataxia occurred in adult red and/or fallow deer in four farms in southern bavaria. the disease based on a secondary copper deficiency due to a high level of molybden and a low level of copper content in the feed. some of the animals suffer from a severe disturbance of motion. in most cases the animals are shot at the beginning of illness. histologically the most important lesions are in the spinal cord consisting mainly in a bilateral symmetric degeneration of ... | 1997 | 9451765 |
| [investigations on hematologic and clinical chemical parameters in blood serum of newborn fallow deer calves (dama dama l.). 1: birth weight and hematologic parameters]. | 59 newborn fallow deer calves were caught, marked, clinically investigated and weighed within 24 hours after parturition. simultaneously a blood sample was taken from the jugular vein for hematological investigation. mean birth weight was 4.84 +/- 0.4 kg. mean number of erythrocytes was 8.91 +/- 0.77 t/l, the hemoglobin concentration was 8.28 +/- 0.77 mmol/l and the pcv was 40.9 +/- 3.0%. a temporary physiological erythropenia as described for neonates of different species during early postnatal ... | 1998 | 9587975 |
| omasal anatomy in new zealand red and fallow deer: an exploratory multivariate analysis. | we measured the weight and volume of omasae, and the number, weight and area of omasal laminae from wild fallow (cervus dama), and wild and farmed red deer (cervus elaphus) whose diet, as indicated by rumen content, was known. a multivariate analysis yielded two principal components, interpreted as indices of overall omasal size and laminar leafiness. the second component showed significantly greater variance in wild red deer than in farmed red or wild fallow deer. deer feeding on a mixed diet o ... | 1998 | 9591369 |
| entropy-driven intermediate steps of oxygenation may regulate the allosteric behavior of hemoglobin. | when the oxygen binding isotherms of human, bovine and fallow deer (dama-dama) hemoglobins are measured at different temperatures either by optical or calorimetric techniques, analyses according to the adair's formalism show that at least one of the intermediate steps of ligation has a positive enthalpy change, i.e., absorbs rather than emitting heat, indicating that it is entropy rather than enthalpy driven (bucci, e., et al. 1991. biochemistry. 30:3195-3199; bucci, e., et al. 1993. biochemistr ... | 1998 | 9591687 |
| new phylogenetic perspectives on the cervidae (artiodactyla) are provided by the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. | the entire mitochondrial cytochrome b (cyt b) gene was compared for 11 species of the artiodactyl family cervidae, representing all living subfamilies, i.e., the antlered cervinae (cervus elaphus, c. nippon, dama dama), muntiacinae (muntiacus reevesi), and odocoileinae (odocoileus hemionus, mazama sp., capreolus capreolus, c. pygargus, rangifer tarandus, alces alces); and the antlerless hydropotinae (hydropotes inermis). phylogenetic analyses using tragulidae, antilocapridae, giraffidae and bovi ... | 1998 | 9628037 |
| [investigation of hematologic and clinical chemical parameters in serum of newborn fallow deer calves (dama dama l.). clinical chemical parameters]. | 59 blood samples from newborn fallow deer calves were clinical-chemically investigated at day of birth. to estimate the metabolic situation post natum we measured the concentration of glucose (6.8 +/- 2.2 mmol/l), total protein (54.0 +/- 8.7 g/l), albumin (19.5 +/- 2.3 g/l), gammaglobulins (3.5 +/- 2.0 g/l), urea (5.2 +/- 1.8 mmol/l), creatinine (86.2 +/- 22.8 mumol/l) and bilirubin (4.4 +/- 4.4 mumol/l). furthermore the activity of the enzymes ap (3258 u/l), alat (10.8 u/)l, asat (67.2 u/l), gg ... | 1998 | 9646406 |
| analysis of parotid and mixed saliva in roe deer (capreolus capreolus l.). | in ruminants, different functions have been ascribed to the different salivary glands according to the feeding type. in this context, possible adaptations of salivary functions were investigated regarding the secretion of various proteins by different types of salivary glands. to yield uncontaminated parotid saliva in large quantities, a non-surgical method has been developed. parotid gland secretions were collected via endoscopic placement of guide wires into each parotid duct, which were subse ... | 1998 | 9646502 |
| studies on the parietal region of the cervid skull. iii. on the occurrence of an interparietal in cervus. | the occurrence of an os interparietal was studied in two transparent preparations of fetal red deer (cervus elaphus) heads and in 14 dried skulls of fetal to early postnatal individuals from four cervus species (c. elaphus, c. nippon, c. duvauceli and c. eldi). in 14 of the 16 specimens, an interparietal was present as either a paired or single bone. in only a neonate red deer and a 5-week-old sika deer this skull element was missing. we therefore conclude that an os interparietal, developing fr ... | 1998 | 9652148 |
| a reed-frost model of the spread of tuberculosis within seven swedish extensive farmed fallow deer herds. | the within-herd transmission of tuberculosis, after introduction of infection, was evaluated in seven swedish herds of farmed fallow deer. the evaluation was based on a subset of data obtained from a previous epidemiological investigation, comprising 13 tuberculosis-infected deer herds, with the purpose of tracing the source of infection. a computer spreadsheet model based on the reed-frost method was developed to estimate the number of new infections. for each herd, a k-value (the number of eff ... | 1998 | 9658444 |
| haemorrhagic septicaemia vaccines. | haemorrhagic septicaemia (hs), an economically important disease of cattle and buffaloes, is caused by pasteurella multocida (6:b). vaccination against this disease is widely practised. plain broth bacterins, or alum precipitated and aluminium hydroxide gel vaccines are administered twice a year since these vaccines offer an immunity of 4-6 months. many countries use oil adjuvant vaccine (oav), which gives both a higher degree and a longer duration of immunity up to 1 year. a double emulsion and ... | 1998 | 9682378 |
| effects of retinoic acid on pedicle and first antler growth in a fallow buck (dama dama l.). | unilateral injection of 10 mg all-trans retinoic acid (in 1 ml of castor oil) into the early pedicle anlage of a male fallow deer resulted in accelerated growth of the cranial appendage, and altered pedicle and first antler shape on the treatment side, whereas pedicle and antler growth on the control side, injected with 1 ml of vehicle solution only, was normal. it is concluded that retinoic acid is able to alter pedicle and first antler morphogenesis, presumably by affecting the positional info ... | 1998 | 9728281 |
| effects of social organization, age and aggressive behaviour on allosuckling in wild fallow deer. | i investigated the occurrence, frequency and distribution of allosuckling in a wild population of fallow deer, dama dama, throughout the lactation period during 1992 in southern sweden. a total of 292 suckling bouts were observed in four groups; in 43% of these, fawns were seen sucking from a female that was not the mother. allosuckling occurred in a higher percentage of suckling bouts as the lactation period progressed and all 16 fawns participated to various degrees. of the 16 females, 13 suck ... | 1998 | 9784219 |
| male-biased investment in fallow deer: an experimental study. | to find the causes of faster growth in males, we studied the growth and behaviour of six male and five female fallow deer, dama dama, fawns, hand-reared on the same amount and quality of milk, and compared them with naturally reared fawns. the bottle-reared fawns grew more slowly. in particular, the difference in weight gain between bottle- and mother-reared fawns was significantly larger for males during the time when they consumed only milk. male fawns also sucked harder and were more motivate ... | 1998 | 9787020 |
| comparison of tympanic membrane and rectal temperatures of anesthetized fallow deer (dama dama) | paired tympanic membrane and rectal temperatures were compared for 103 female fallow deer (dama dama) after short-term anesthesia to determine if tympanic temperature was a reliable indicator of hyperthermia associated with handling stress. each deer was restrained in a drop-floor chute, anesthetized by i.v. injection of xylazine hydrochloride and ketamine hydrochloride, and removed from the chute. after a short procedure was completed, i.m. antibiotics and i.v. yohimbine hydrochloride were give ... | 1998 | 9809610 |
| serosurvey for antibodies to malignant catarrhal fever-associated viruses in free-living and captive cervids in germany. | a total of 486 serum samples collected from several species of both free-living and captive cervids in germany was examined for antibodies against malignant catarrhal fever (mcf)-associated viruses (mcfv) by a competitive-inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ci-elisa). eleven (2%) of these samples were positive for antibodies against mcfv. among 157 serum samples collected from 16 different species of captive deer including four (7%) of 54 fallow deer and one (7%) of 14 sika deer (cervu ... | 1998 | 9813848 |
| ultrastructural aspects of cartilage formation, mineralization, and degeneration during primary antler growth in fallow deer (dama dama). | due to their rapid growth, regular replacement and easy accessibility, deer antlers are considered a useful model for the study of cartilage and bone differentiation and mineralization in mammals. the present study describes, for the first time, the cellular and extracellular matrix changes associated with cartilage formation, mineralization and degeneration in primary antlers on the ultrastructural level. growing primary antlers of 3 to 4 cm length were obtained from six fallow bucks, aged abou ... | 1998 | 9862029 |
| pregnancy detection and the effects of age, body weight, and previous reproductive performance on pregnancy status and weaning rates of farmed fallow deer (dama dama). | fallow does (n = 502) of different ages (mature, 2-yr-old, and yearling) were maintained with bucks for a 60-d breeding season to determine whether previous reproductive performance and changes in bw affect doe pregnancy rates and to compare the effectiveness of ultrasonography and serum pregnancy-specific protein b (pspb) for the detection of pregnancy in fallow does. ultrasonography was performed, blood samples collected, and bw recorded at buck removal (d 0) and at 30 and 90 d after buck remo ... | 1999 | 10064025 |
| experimental narthecium ossifragum nephrotoxicity in cervids from norway. | one moose (alces alces), two red deer (cervus elaphus), two reindeer (rangifer tarandus) and two fallow deer (dama dama) were dosed intraruminally with an aqueous extract made from 30 g of bog asphodel (narthecium ossifragum) (wet weight) per kg live weight. the moose and one of the two reindeer were mildly depressed and had reduced appetite 3 to 7 days and 1 to 4 days after dosing, respectively. the serum creatinine and urea concentrations increased markedly in the moose and red deer, and moder ... | 1999 | 10073342 |
| monomorphism and polymorphism at mhc drb loci in domestic and wild ruminants. | genetic polymorphism at mhc class ii drb loci was investigated in samples of musk-ox from canada and greenland; moose from sweden, norway, canada, and alaska; roe deer from norway and sweden; reindeer from svalbard and norway; fallow deer from norway and sweden; and red deer from norway. the results were compared with published data on cattle, bison, goat, sheep, and red deer. cattle-specific primers amplified a single drb locus in all species except fallow deer and red deer, in which two loci w ... | 1999 | 10319259 |
| hard fallow deer antler: a living bone till antler casting? | deer antlers are the only mammalian bone structures which regenerate completely every year. once developed, antlers are cleaned of the velvet-like skin. presently it is believed that due to velvet shedding the blood supply is interrupted in the solidifying antler bone. histological examinations were made on different parts of fallow deer antlers investigated from the time of velvet shedding till the antler casting. the present study on hard (polished) antlers revealed living bone with regions pr ... | 1999 | 10321994 |
| cumulative long-term investment in vocalization and mating success of fallow bucks, dama dama. | we carried out behavioural observations to investigate the function of long-term investment in vocal display by fallow bucks during the breeding season. the measures of long-term investment used were the date of initiation of vocal activity, the number of days vocal during the breeding season, and the proportion of time spent vocalizing. we analysed data from 3 years (1993-1995) to assess the relationship between the date of initiation of vocal activity, and the number of days vocal, and age, do ... | 1999 | 10328804 |
| rumen ciliates of white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus), axis deer (axis axis), sika deer (cervus nippon) and fallow deer (dama dama) from texas. | samples of rumen contents from 33 white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus), 31 axis deer (axis axis), 26 sika deer (cervus nippon), and 25 fallow deer (dama dama) were collected from four study areas in central texas. the geometric mean concentration of total protozoa was 50.2 x 10(4) per ml, with no differences between species (p > 0.36). white-tailed deer had a higher percentage of entodinium and lower percentage of diplodiniinae (p < 0.01) than the other deer species, which were not differe ... | 1999 | 10361734 |
| low risk of lyme borreliosis in a protected area on the tyrrhenian coast, in central italy. | a comprehensive lyme borreliosis risk assessment process was applied in s. rossore estate, on the tyrrhenian coast, near pisa, italy. host-seeking ixodes ricinus nymphs peaked in may in oak-dominated deciduous wood (median, q1-q3, number of nymphs/50 m dragging = 4.5, 2.5-8), whereas host-seeking larvae peaked in august in the same habitat type (6.0, 4-17/50 m dragging). prevalence of i. ricinus infestation was 88.9% in wild rodents (n = 11), 64.3% in fallow deer (n = 28) and 0.0% in wild boars ... | 1999 | 10414379 |
| its2 sequences of dictyocaulus species from cattle, roe deer and moose in sweden: molecular evidence for a new species. | total dna was isolated from adult lungworms of the genus dictyocaulus, collected from cattle, moose (alces alces) and roe deer (capreolus capreolus) in sweden. the second ribosomal internal transcribed spacer was amplified with pcr, and dna sequences were determined from nine individual worms that all came from different hosts in order to avoid analysis of siblings. the sequence data obtained were aligned and compared with similar data derived from german lungworm isolates from cattle and fallow ... | 1999 | 10428637 |
| improved immunofluorescence assay for detection of giardia and cryptosporidium from asymptomatic adult cervine animals. | we tested an improved immunofluorescence assay (ifa) in detecting giardia and cryptosporidium from feces of asymptomatic adult cervine animals. samples were concentrated by sucrose flotation before being stained by fluorescent monoclonal antibody and examined microscopically. the detection limit was determined as 500 g. intestinalis cysts or 200 c. parvum oocysts/g of sample. among the 82 samples collected from adult fallow deer, columbian black-tailed deer, and tule elk in northern california, ... | 1999 | 10431741 |
| hemorrhagic septicemia in fallow deer (dama dama) caused by pasteurella multocida multocida. | four outbreaks of hemorrhagic septicemia caused by pasteurella multocida multocida occurred in a population of 1,800 fallow deer (dama dama) during 1992-1996. a total of 340 fallow deer were submitted for postmortem examination. pasteurellosis was diagnosed in 273 of 312 deer suspected of having septicemia. pasteurella multocida was isolated from 257 animals, and the diagnosis was based on typical pathologic changes alone in the other 16 animals. pasteurella multocida was isolated in pure cultur ... | 1999 | 10484148 |
| typing of pasteurella multocida from haemorrhagic septicaemia in danish fallow deer (dama dama). | isolates of pasteurella multocida ssp. multocida (n = 31) from a danish population of fallow deer which succumbed to haemorrhagic septicaemia during 1992 1993 and isolates from the palatine tonsils of apparently healthy fallow deer from the same area (n=6) were typed and compared with p. multocida from other sources. plasmids were net observed in the fallow deer strains and one unique pattern was observed by ribotyping using hindiii and by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis using sanli as restrict ... | 1999 | 10549588 |
| context-related vocalization rates of fallow bucks, dama dama. | we studied the short-term vocalization rates of fallow bucks to determine the primary recipients of the signal conveyed by these rates. we used the contexts in which groans occurred to investigate whether the signal represented an intrasexual threat or an intersexual advertisement. we found that fallow buck groaning rates were highly variable and that this variation was associated with the contexts of groaning. groaning rates were higher during the rut than during the prerut, and also higher whe ... | 1999 | 10564612 |
| sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever in a petting zoo. | in a privately owned petting zoo in arizona, 17 deer from five different species, white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus), reeve's muntjac (muntiacus reevesi), mule deer (odocoileus hemionus), reindeer (rangifer tarandus), and axis deer (axis axis), died of suspected malignant catarrhal fever (mcf) over a period from late 1992 to early 1995. a pcr assay specific for ovine herpesvirus 2, the putative causative agent of sheep-associated mcf, and a competitive-inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorb ... | 1999 | 10572865 |
| alpha-2 agonist dissociative anesthetic combinations in fallow deer (cervus dama). | three anesthetic protocols, each using an alpha-2 agonist sedative in combination with a dissociative anesthetic, were evaluated in 17 captive fallow deer (cervus dama). the alpha-2 agonist was given first in two of the three protocols: 1) detomidine (0.1-0.2 mg/kg i.m.) followed by tiletamine-zolazepam (3.0-6.3 mg/kg i.m.) and 2) xylazine (0.6-0.9 mg/kg i.m.) followed by tiletamine-zolazepam (4-5 mg/kg i.m.). in the third protocol, xylazine (1.0-6.2 mg/kg i.m.) and ketamine (2.5-5.1 mg/kg i.m.) ... | 1999 | 10572875 |
| serological survey for antibodies against selected infectious agents among fallow deer (dama dama) in central italy. | sera were collected from 224 fallow deer (dama dama) in reserves in central italy. samples were tested for antibodies against chlamydia spp., brucella spp. and coxiella spp. with the complement fixation (cf) test. indirect immunofluorescence was used to test for antibodies against borrelia spp. and agglutination tests were conducted for leptospira interrogans antibodies. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) tests were used to detect antibodies against bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) and bovine ... | 1999 | 10574071 |
| treatment of the growing pedicle with retinoic acid increased the size of the first antlers in fallow deer (dama dama l.). | unilateral injection of 10 mg of all-trans retinoic acid (ra) into the lateral portion of the growing pedicle of fallow bucks (n = 20) led to a significant (p = 0.033, wilcoxon matched-pairs test) increase in first antler volume (median, 25.5 ml) as compared to the contralateral (control) side, injected with vehicle only (median, 21.5 ml). it is hypothesized that the ra treatment of the developing pedicle exercised a direct or indirect effect on the periosteal/perichondrial cells covering the gr ... | 1999 | 10579642 |
| cyproterone acetate reduced antler growth in surgically castrated fallow deer. | we studied the role of androgens in antler growth. in particular, we investigated whether the onset of antler regrowth is triggered by a short-term pulse of testosterone and if low levels of androgens are required for antler growth. the study was conducted on 12 surgically castrated fallow deer bucks (dama dama) aged approximately 27 months. six animals (ca group) were given the antiandrogen, cyproterone acetate (ca, 1000 mg/treatment); the others were given vehicle solution only (control). befo ... | 2000 | 10607941 |
| the melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor (mc1-r) gene as a tool in evolutionary studies of artiodactyles. | the complete coding region of the melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor (mc1-r) gene was characterized in species belonging to the two families bovidae and cervidae; cattle (bos taurus), sheep (ovis aries), goat (capra hircus), muskox (ovibos moschatus), roe deer (capreolus capreolus), reindeer (rangifer tarandus), moose (alces alces), red deer (cervus elaphus) and fallow deer (dama dama). this well conserved gene is a central regulator of mammalian coat colour. examination of the interspecies ... | 1999 | 10628296 |
| basic hematological values in some wild ruminants in captivity. | analyses of hematological parameters were carried out on eight axis deer (cervus axis), 12 fallow deer (cervus dama), 16 red deer (cervus elaphus hippelaphus), three sambar (cervus unicolor), nine père david deer (elaphurus davidianus), 20 european bison (bison bonasus), seven nilgai (boselaphus tragocamelus), eight mouflon (ovis musimon), four white-bearded gnu (connochaetes taurinus) and six barbary sheep (ammotragus lervia). the following parameters were determined: packed cell volume, hemogl ... | 1999 | 10629960 |
| what, if anything, does visual asymmetry in fallow deer antlers reveal? | fluctuating asymmetry (fa), small directionally random deviations from perfect bilateral symmetry, is thought to reflect individual quality. furthermore, it has been suggested that fa in secondary sexual characters can be used to assess mate or opponent quality during inter- or intrasexual competition. studies on fallow deer, dama dama, have suggested that fa in antlers reflects individual dominance, or the existence of a directional asymmetry (da) with right antlers being consistently more deve ... | 2000 | 10640381 |
| presence and distribution of neuroendocrine cells in the gastroenteropancreatic endocrine system of fallow deer foetuses. | the gastroenteropancreatic endocrine system was studied in 11- and 17-week-old fallow deer foetuses using an immunocytochemical technique. in the gastrointestinal tract, gastrin-, serotonin-, somatostatin- and cholecystokinin-containing cells were found: their frequency and distribution were also determined. anti-glucagon and anti-insulin antibodies did not stain any cells along the gut. in the pancreas, somatostatin-, pancreatic polypeptide-, insulin- and glucagon-immunoreactive cells were dete ... | 1999 | 10652829 |
| seroepidemiology of chlamydial infections of wild ruminants in spain. | chlamydial infections were determined serologically among wild ruminants in the nature park of the sierras de cazorla, segura y las villas (cnp; spain). sampling was done during the period from 1990-95. there were 1,244 blood samples collected, consisting of 490 from fallow deer (dama dama), 343 from mouflon (ovis mussimon), 283 from red deer (cervus elaphus) and 128 from spanish ibex (capra pyrenaica). specific complement-fixing antibodies of chlamydia spp. were detected by means of microtechni ... | 2000 | 10682742 |
| relaxin-like factor (rlf) mrna expression in the fallow deer. | employing rt- and race-pcr on rna isolated from testicular tissue, we have cloned the coding cdna sequence for the rlf, also known as insl3, of the fallow deer. the rlf coding sequence consisted of 396 bp encoding a peptide of 131 amino acids and shared highest homology with bovine, sheep and goat rlf. northern analysis revealed a single 0.9 kb transcript in the deer testis. there is only one rlf gene in the deer genome. nonradioactive in situ hybridization revealed the leydig cells to be the so ... | 2000 | 10687860 |
| comparative reproductive function in cervids: implications for management of farm and zoo populations. | the cervids represent a complex assemblage of taxa characterized by extreme diversity in morphology, physiology, ecology and geographical distribution. farmed species (for example red deer and fallow deer) are usually the common larger-bodied, gregarious and monotocous species that express marked reproductive seasonality in their temperate environment. their commercial importance has facilitated considerable research into reproductive physiology and the development of assisted reproductive techn ... | 1999 | 10692851 |
| early pregnancy detection and the hormonal characterization of embryonic-fetal mortality in fallow deer (dama dama). | the objectives of this investigation were to 1) determine serum concentrations of progesterone (p4), estrone sulfate (e1s) and pregnancy-specific protein b (pspb) from estrus synchronization through mid-gestation in the fallow doe (dama dama) and 2) characterize the hormonal profiles of does whose embryos or fetuses died in utero. ten fallow does were synchronized for 14 d with an intravaginal p4-releasing device (cidr) and were naturally mated after cidr removal. blood samples were collected at ... | 1998 | 10732094 |
| listeria monocytogenes subtypes associated with mortality among fallow deer (dama dama). | different subtypes of listeria monocytogenes were isolated from various animal and environmental samples during an episode of increased mortality on a fallow deer (dama dama) farm. during a 4-wk period, six fallow deer died, including four does, one fawn, and one adult buck. prior to death, one of the does had exhibited central nervous system signs characteristic of listeriosis. postmortem examination of the six deer showed no histologic changes typical of listeriosis, although inflammatory chan ... | 1999 | 10749443 |
| [new findings on the ecology and epidemiology of murine herpes virus isolated in slovakia]. | rodents are important reservoir animals of many human microbial pathogens. of small rodents, trapped on slovakia territory, were several strains of murine herpes virus (mhv) isolated. our purpose was to complete the existing knowledge about circulation of mhv in rodents and to find out, whether also other animal species including man are mhv sensitive or not. the presence of antibodies against mhv in serum of the tested animals and men was followed by virus neutralization test (vnt) and elisa. p ... | 2000 | 10870260 |
| medetomidine/tiletamine/zolazepam and xylazine/tiletamine/zolazepam combinations for immobilization of fallow deer (cervus dama). | eleven adult fallow deer (cervus dama) were anesthetized using a mixture of xylazine/tiletamine/zolazepam, and 10 were anesthetized with a mixture of medetomidine/tiletamine/zolazepam. anesthesia was adequate for capture in all instances, and minor surgical procedures were possible in seven of the animals treated with xylazine/tiletamine/zolazepam and in all of the animals treated with medetomidine/tiletamine/zolazepam. blood gas, hematologic, serum biochemical, and cardiorespiratory parameters ... | 2000 | 10884126 |
| liver total lipids and fatty acid composition of shot red and fallow deer males in various reproduction periods. | in this study total lipid (tl) content and the fatty acid composition changes in the liver of red deer stags (n=35) and fallow deer bucks (n=19) were examined at various reproductive stages. samples were taken from mature red deer stags in the rut (september), in the post-rut (october), at the end of the rut (november) and after sexual activity had ceased (january). sampling from mature fallow bucks was performed in the pre-rut (early october), in the rut (november) and after the reproduction pe ... | 2000 | 10908858 |
| delayed ectopic antler growth and formation of a double-head antler in the metacarpal region of a fallow buck (dama dama l.) following transplantation of antlerogenic periosteum. | autologous transplantation of antlerogenic periosteum to the metacarpal region of a fallow buck resulted in the formation of an ectopic pedicle within a few months after transplantation. in the following years the pedicle increased in size, but no ectopic antler development occurred. however, in the ninth year after transplantation a first antler of about 3 cm length grew from the ectopic pedicle. the hard ectopic first antler was not cast, and renewed antler growth, starting in late spring of t ... | 2000 | 10932327 |
| bovine virus diarrhea virus in free-living deer from denmark. | free-living deer are suggested as a possible source of infection of cattle with bovine virus diarrhea (bvd) virus. to examine this hypothesis blood samples from 476 free-living deer were collected during two different periods and tested for bvd virus and antibody in denmark. in 1995-96, 207 animals were tested. these included 149 roe deer (capreolus capreolus), 29 fallow deer (dama dama), 20 red deer (cervus elaphus) and one sika deer (cervus sika). for the remaining eight animals no species inf ... | 2000 | 10941751 |
| immunoglobulin g class identification from wild ungulates by cross-reactivity with antisera to domestic animals. | seven species of spanish ungulates were tested for the presence of homologous immunoglobulin g (igg) with a gel-diffusion test using bovine, ovine, caprine and porcine igg antisera. homologous ovine and caprine igg were detected in sera from chamois (rupicapra pyrenaica), spanish ibex (capra pyrenaica hispanica), mouflon (ovis orientalis musimon), red deer (cervus elaphus), fallow deer (dama dama) and roe deer (capreolus capreolus). homologous porcine igg was detected in wild boar (sus scrofa) s ... | 2000 | 11014063 |
| elaeophorosis in red deer from spain. | elaeophorosis, caused by elaeophora elaphi, was observed in red deer (cervus elaphus) from toledo province (spain) for the first time. adult specimens of elaeophora elaphi were found in the hepatic vessels of nine of 151 red deer between october 1994 and september 1995; intensity of infection was two to 18 nematodes per host. adult nematodes were only found during the period from fall through early spring. no differences were present between sex or age groups. parasites were not found in a limit ... | 2000 | 11085444 |
| epidemiology of paratuberculosis in wild ruminants studied by restriction fragment length polymorphism in the czech republic during the period 1995-1998. | in two studies carried out during the period 1995-1998, paratuberculosis was diagnosed in domestic and wild ruminants in the czech republic. the isolated mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis strains were analysed by standardised restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) [pavlik, i., horvathova, a., dvorska, l., bartl, j., svastova, p., du maine, r., rychlik, i., 1999. j. microbiol. methods 38, 155-167]. in december 1992, 19 late pregnant charolais heifers were imported to the cz ... | 2000 | 11118709 |
| analysis of microsatellite polymorphism in red deer, roe deer, and fallow deer -- possible employment in forensic applications. | dna microsatellites play a major role in population genetics, linkage mapping, and parentage studies of mammals. in addition, they may be used for forensic purposes, if an individual identification of a specific animal is necessary. therefore, we tested a variety of microsatellite polymorphism derived from reindeer (rangifer tarandus) by pcr and sequencing analysis for use in red deer (cervus elaphus), roe deer (capreolus capreolus) and fallow deer (dama dama). twelve of these microsatellites we ... | 2001 | 11118746 |
| [individual identification of fallow deer using microsatellite polymorphism in a case of poaching]]. | the paper reports on molecular biological investigations in a case of poaching which resulted in considerable damage for property. blood traces from poaching sites have been analysed and compared with blood from two knives and a pair of trousers of the suspects. in two of three poaching sites, genomic dna could be amplified by pcr and assigned to fallow deer. the authors could demonstrate identical allelic combinations between one of the poaching sites and a part of the traces. problems of the l ... | 2000 | 11126585 |