| reference gene selection and myosin heavy chain (myhc) isoform expression in muscle tissues of domestic yak (bos grunniens). | domestic yak (bos grunniens) is the most crucial livestock in the qinghai-tibetan plateau, providing meat and other necessities for local people. the skeletal muscle of adult livestock is composed of muscle fibers, and fiber composition in muscle has influence on meat qualities, such as tenderness, ph, and color. real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (rt-qpcr) is a powerful tool to evaluate the gene expression of muscle fiber, but the normalization of the data depends on the stability ... | 2020 | 32027673 |
| metabolomics strategy reveals the osteogenic mechanism of yak (bos grunniens) bone collagen peptides on ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in rats. | our previous work demonstrated that yak bone collagen peptides (ybp) possessed excellent osteogenic activity in vitro. however, associations between ybp and osteoporosis were less established, and the positive effect and underlying mechanism of ybp in the treatment of osteoporotic rats in vivo remained unclear. herein, ovariectomized rats were intragastrically administered with ybp or 17β-estradiol for 12 weeks. bone turnover markers, bone biomechanical parameters and bone microarchitecture were ... | 2020 | 31993619 |
| yak (bos grunniens) bones collagen-derived peptides stimulate osteoblastic proliferation and differentiation via the activation of wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. | as the world's population is transitioning gradually to an ageing stage, the incidence of osteoporosis is increasing annually. yak bone is one of the major components of tibetan medicine and it has mainly been associated with an improvement in bone health, for example against osteoporosis. however, the functional bioactive ingredients and the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. | 2020 | 31975417 |
| abnormal functions of leydig cells in crossbred cattle-yak showing infertility. | in mongolia, yak (bos grunniens) are able to live in alpine areas and their products greatly influence the lives of the local people. increased vigour in hybridized yak and cattle can offer benefits for livestock farmers. however, male hybrids show reproductive defects resulting from spermatogenesis arrest, affecting the conservation and maintenance of dominant traits in the next generation. the underlying mechanisms involved in hybrid cattle-yak infertility have recently been investigated; howe ... | 2020 | 31858644 |
| prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in free-range yaks (bos grunniens) in gansu province, northwest china. | little information about the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in yaks (bos grunniens) in northwest china is available. therefore, the objective of the study was to quantify faecal egg counts of gastrointestinal parasites (helminths and coccidia) in free-range yaks from gannan tibetan autonomous prefecture, gansu province, northwest china. | 2019 | 31730490 |
| a population census of large herbivores based on uav and its effects on grazing pressure in the yellow-river-source national park, china. | using the yellow-river-source national park (yrsnp) as a study site, an unmanned aerial vehicle (uav) remote sensing and line transect method was used to investigate the number of wild herbivorous animals and livestock, including the kiang (equus kiang) and tibetan gazelle (procapra picticaudata). a downscaling algorithm was used to generate the forage yield data in yrsnp based on a 30-m spatial resolution. on this basis, we estimated the forage-livestock balance, which included both wild animal ... | 2019 | 31717940 |
| characterization of the microbial community structure in intestinal segments of yak (bos grunniens). | yak (bos grunniens), a ruminant, has a complex gastrointestinal microbial ecosystem, which is essential for host nutrition and health. however, not much is known about gut microbial communities of yak. this study was conducted to characterize the gut microbial diversity and composition of small intestinal and cecal contents of yaks through high-throughput sequencing targeting v3-v4 hypervariable region of 16s rrna gene. a total of 916,934 high-quality sequences were obtained and 224 core operati ... | 2020 | 31711887 |
| a study of genomic prediction of 12 important traits in the domesticated yak (bos grunniens). | the aim of this study was to explore the possibility of applying gp to important economic traits in the domesticated yak, thus providing theoretical support for its molecular breeding. a reference population was constructed consisting of 354 polled yaks, measuring four growth traits and eight hematological traits related to resistance to disease (involved in immune response and phagocytosis). the illumina bovine hd 770k chip was used to obtain snp information of all the individuals. with these g ... | 2019 | 31703249 |
| whole-genome resequencing provides insights into the evolution and divergence of the native domestic yaks of the qinghai-tibet plateau. | on the qinghai-tibet plateau, known as the roof ridge of the world, the yak is a precious cattle species that has been indispensable to the human beings living in this high-altitude area. however, the origin of domestication, dispersal route, and the divergence of domestic yaks from different areas are poorly understood. | 2020 | 33109104 |
| isolation and characterization of spermatogenic cells from cattle, yak and cattleyak. | cattleyak forms the first generation in the cross-breeding of cattle (bos taurus) and yak (bos grunniens), the purpose of which is to increase the yak's performance in meat and milk production. the female cattleyak is fertile while the male remains sterile due to spermatogenic arrest. the spermatogenic cells (including spermatogonia and spermatocytes) of cattle, yak and cattleyak have not been successfully isolated so far. in this work, spermatogenic cells were isolated from these bovid species ... | 2018 | 29685708 |
| using triallelic snps for determining parentage in north american yak ( bos grunniens) and estimating cattle ( b. taurus) introgression. | background: genetic testing for pedigree accuracy is critical for managing genetic diversity in north american (na) yak ( bos grunniens), a population expanded mostly from imported zoological park specimens. dna testing also enhances species conservation by identifying recent b. taurus f1 hybrid ancestors (within three generations). biallelic single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) can accomplish either task, but increases the marker count and costs necessary to achieve both. our aim was to id ... | 2020 | 33163159 |
| bacterial communities in the solid, liquid, dorsal, and ventral epithelium fractions of yak (bos grunniens) rumen. | yak (bos grunniens) is an important and dominant livestock species in the challenging environment of the qinghai-tibetan plateau. rumen microbiota of the solid, liquid, and epithelium fractions play key roles in nutrient metabolism and contribute to host adaptation in ruminants. however, there is a little knowledge of the microbiota in these rumen fractions of yak. therefore, we collected samples of solid, liquid, dorsal, and ventral epithelium fractions from five female yaks, then amplified bac ... | 2020 | 31701637 |
| effects of nutritional deprivation and re-alimentation on the feed efficiency, blood biochemistry, and rumen microflora in yaks (bos grunniens). | yak suffers severe starvation and body weight reduction in the cold season and recovers relatively rapid growth in the warm season every year. herein, we investigated the effects of starvation and refeeding on the growth, feed efficiency, blood biochemistry and rumen microbial community as well as functions of yaks. the results showed that starvation significantly reduced the body weight of yaks. serum glucose and triglyceride concentrations significantly decreased, and β-hydroxybutyric acid and ... | 2019 | 31618914 |
| yak rumen microbial diversity at different forage growth stages of an alpine meadow on the qinghai-tibet plateau. | the rumen microbiota of ruminants plays a vital role in fiber digestion, and environmental factors affect its community structure. the yak (bos grunniens) is the main livestock species that inhabits the qinghai-tibet plateau (qtp) at regions located at high-altitude of 3,000-5,000 m. this work investigated the rumen bacterial community of yak that grazed on the qtp during the whole year to evaluate the relationship between the rumen bacterial community and the nutrient composition of forage plan ... | 2019 | 31579584 |
| comparisons of lung and gluteus transcriptome profiles between yaks at different ages. | the yak, bos grunniens, is the only large mammal in the qinghai-tibet plateau and has been bred to provide meat, milk, and transportation. previous studies indicate that the immune system contributes to the yak's adaptation to high-altitude environments. in order to further investigate changes in immune function during yak development, we compared the transcriptome profiles of gluteus and lung tissues among yaks at 6, 30, 60, and 90 months of age. analyses of significantly differentially express ... | 2019 | 31578356 |
| first detection of neboviruses in yak (bos grunniens) and identification of a novel neboviruses based on complete genome. | neboviruses (nevs) is an important causative agent of calf diarrhea. here, 354 diarrhoeic samples were collected from yak on 55 farms in the qinghai-tibet plateau, china. 22.0% of the diarrhoeic samples were detected as nevs-positive by rt-pcr assay. phylogenetic analysis of 78 nevs rdrp fragments showed that 69 strains were closely related to nb-like strains, and the remaining 9 strains were clustered into an independent branch, which may represent a novel rdrp genotype. two complete nevs genom ... | 2019 | 31500726 |
| contrasting y-chromosomal lineage distributions in chinese domestic yak. | | 2019 | 31476021 |
| variation in the fatty acid synthase gene (fasn) and its association with milk traits in gannan yaks. | fatty acid synthase (fasn) is an enzyme involved in the synthesis of fatty acids (fa) and plays a central role in de novo lipogenesis in mammals. this study was conducted to ascertain the relative level of expression of the fasn gene (fasn) in tissues from the yak (bos grunniens), and to search for variation in two regions of yak fasn using polymerase chain reaction single-stranded conformational polymorphism (pcr-sscp) analyses; it also ascertains whether that variation is associated with yak m ... | 2019 | 31461906 |
| mineral nutritional status of yaks (bos grunniens) grazing on the qinghai-tibetan plateau. | minerals are essentially important for supporting livestock's health, as well as productivity. this study aimed to investigate the mineral status of yaks (bos grunniens) grazing on the qinghai-tibetan plateau (qtp) and the relationship between macro and micro mineral nutrients among soil, forages, and blood in four counties of the qtp. the soil samples (n = 320), forages (n = 320), and blood serum (n = 320) were collected from four randomly selected yak farms in each location during july (warm s ... | 2019 | 31340454 |
| gene expression dynamics during the gonocyte to spermatogonia transition and spermatogenesis in the domestic yak. | spermatogenesis is a cellular differentiation process that includes three major events: mitosis of spermatogonia, meiosis of spermatocytes and spermiogenesis. steady-state spermatogenesis relies on functions of spermatogonial stem cells (sscs). establishing and maintaining a foundational ssc pool is essential for continued spermatogenesis in mammals. currently, our knowledge about ssc and spermatogenesis is severely limited in domestic animals. | 2019 | 31338188 |
| accurate determination of volatile-flavor components in bos grunniens milk by high-throughput dynamic headspace gas chromatographic-mass spectrometry. | a dynamic headspace (dhs) with dvb/car/pdms trapping materials was coupled to a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the separation and identification of volatile-flavor compounds in bos grunniens (yak) milk. the principal components analysis coupled with response surface methodology optimized the main variables of the device (10 g sample quality, 5 min desorption time, 3.0 g adding sodium chloride, 72 °c extraction temperature, 28 min pre-equilibrium time and 86 min extraction time). total ... | 2019 | 31272730 |
| screening for signatures of selection of tianzhu white yak using genome-wide re-sequencing. | the tianzhu white yak, a domestic yak indigenous to the qilian mountains, migrated inland from the qinghai-tibet plateau. specific ecological and long-term artificial selection influenced the evolution of its pure white coat and physiological characteristics. therefore, it is not only a natural population that represents a genomic selective region of environmental adaptability but is also an animal model for studying the pigmentation of the yak coat. a total of 24 261 829 variants, including 22 ... | 2019 | 31246332 |
| analysis of hematological traits in polled yak by genome-wide association studies using individual snps and haplotypes. | yak (bos grunniens) is an important domestic animal living in high-altitude plateaus. due to inadequate disease prevention, each year, the yak industry suffers significant economic losses. the identification of causal genes that affect blood- and immunity-related cells could provide preliminary reference guidelines for the prevention of diseases in the population of yaks. the genome-wide association studies (gwass) utilizing a single-marker or haplotype method were employed to analyze 15 hematol ... | 2019 | 31212963 |
| expression analysis of izumo1 gene during testicular development of datong yak (bos grunniens). | the izumo1 gene has promising benefits for the national development of novel non-hormonal contraceptives and in the treatments of fertility. understanding the function of izumo1, its mrna, and protein expression is critical to gain insight into spermatogenesis and promote sperm-egg fusion during reproduction of datong yak. therefore, we estimated the izumo1 gene expression in different ages of datong yak by using semi quantitative pcr, qpcr, and western blotting. the results of the qpcr, semi-qu ... | 2019 | 31146500 |
| whole-genome analysis identifying candidate genes of altitude adaptive ecological thresholds in yak populations. | the domestic yak (bos grunniens) is an iconic symbol of animal husbandry on the qinghai-tibet plateau. long-term domestication and natural selection have led to a wide distribution of yak, forming many ecological populations to adapt to the local ecological environment. high altitude is closely related to oxygen density, and it is an important environmental ecological factor for biological survival and livestock production. the aim of the present study was to perform a preliminary analysis to id ... | 2019 | 31062447 |
| first genotyping of blastocystis in yaks from qinghai province, northwestern china. | blastocystis is a common protist that can infect domestic and wild animals worldwide. yak (bos grunniens), an ancient species which can survive in alpine regions, has supplied necessities to local residents in plateau areas for generations. however, the infections with blastocystis in yaks has been ignored for a long time. in the present study, the infections and genotypes of blastocystis spp. in domestic yaks from qinghai province (northwestern china) were explored. | 2019 | 30992082 |
| adaptive response of reproduction to high-altitude hypoxic stress by altering mrna expression of hypoxia-inducible factors in female yaks (bos grunniens). | hypoxia-inducible factors (hifs) are oxygen-dependent transcriptional activators, but there is little information about their role in yak (bos grunniens) reproduction. the present study, for the first time, investigated the adaptive mechanism of yak reproduction to high-altitude hypoxic stress by comparing the expression of hif mrnas between female yaks at high-altitude and cattle at low-altitude. hypothalamus, anterior pituitary, oviduct, ovary and uterus tissue samples were collected from five ... | 2020 | 30950319 |
| first detection of bovine coronavirus in yak (bos grunniens) and a bovine coronavirus genome with a recombinant he gene. | the yak (bosgrunniens) is a unique domestic bovine species that plays an indispensable role for herdsmen in the qinghai-tibet plateau. here, 336 diarrhoeic samples were collected from yaks on 29 farms in the qinghai-tibet plateau from 2015 to 2017. approximately 69.05 % (232/336) of the diarrhoeic samples were assessed as bovine coronavirus (bcov)-positive by rt-pcr assay, and most of the detected strains showed a unique evolution based on 40 spike (s), nucleocapsid (n) and haemagglutinin-estera ... | 2019 | 30932810 |
| molecular typing of cryptosporidium species identified in fecal samples of yaks ( bos grunniens) of qinghai province, china. | the frequency of cryptosporidium infection in yaks from qinghai province, people's republic of china, was determined from examination of 1,027 fecal samples collected from 979 adult yaks and 48 yak calves during 4 seasons from 7 geographic areas within the province. pcr amplification of extracted dna was used to characterize the different species of cryptosporidium oocysts isolated by fecal examination. twenty-six (2.53%) positive samples were identified and successfully sequenced: 17 cryptospor ... | 2019 | 30835169 |
| characterization of yak common biofluids metabolome by means of proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the metabolic profiles of yak (bos grunniens) serum, feces, and urine by using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹h-nmr), to serve as a reference guide for the healthy yak milieu. a total of 108 metabolites, giving information about diet, protein digestion, and energy generation or gut-microbial co-metabolism, were assigned across the three biological matrices. a core metabolome of 15 metabolites was ubiquitous across all biofluids. lactate, acetate, and cr ... | 2019 | 30832316 |
| sarcosporidiosis: an emerging disease in yaks (bos grunniens) on the qinghai tibetan plateau (qtp), china. | sarcocystosis is a worldwide distributed parasitic zoonosis. however, scarce knowledge is available about the infection of sarcocystosis in yaks. | 2019 | 30778839 |
| tissue expression and variation of the dgat2 gene and its effect on carcass and meat quality traits in yak. | diacylglycerol acyltransferase-2 (dgat2) plays a key role in the synthesis of animal triglycerides (tgs). this study investigated the relative expression of the dgat2 gene in tissues, variation in the gene, and its association with carcass and meat quality traits in yaks (bos grunniens). dgat2 was found to be expressed in twelve tissues investigated, but the highest expression was detected in subcutaneous fat, and moderate levels were observed in the liver, heart, longissimus dorsi muscle, and a ... | 2019 | 30769898 |
| dietary energy levels affect growth performance through growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1 in yak (bos grunniens). | the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different dietary energy levels on serum concentrations of growth hormone (gh) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (igf-1), as well as gene expression of their associated binding proteins and receptors in yak. fifteen adult male yaks with bw of 276.1 ± 3.5 kg were allotted in three dietary groups and were fed with low (le), medium (me), and high energy (he) level diet having different neg of 5.5 mj/kg, 6.2 mj/kg, 6.9 mj/kg, respectively. ... | 2019 | 30696034 |
| a global analysis of cnvs in diverse yak populations using whole-genome resequencing. | genomic structural variation represents a source for genetic and phenotypic variation, which may be subject to selection during the environmental adaptation and population differentiation. here, we described a genome-wide analysis of copy number variations (cnvs) in 16 populations of yak based on genome resequencing data and cnv-based cluster analyses of these populations. | 2019 | 30658572 |
| genomic copy number variation of the chkb gene alters gene expression and affects growth traits of chinese domestic yak (bos grunniens) breeds. | copy number variation (cnv) influences the mrna transcription levels and phenotypic traits through gene dosage, position effects, alteration of downstream pathways, and modulation of the structure and position of chromosomes. a previous study using the read depth approach to genome resequencing analysis revealed cnvs of the choline kinase beta (chkb) gene in the copy number variable regions (cnvrs) of yak breeds may influence muscle development and therefore the phenotypic traits of yak breeds. ... | 2019 | 30635784 |
| proteomic analysis of tianzhu white yak (bos grunniens) testis at different sexual developmental stages. | to explore the protein expression profiles of white yak (bos grunniens) testis at different sexual developmental stages. the protein profiles of yak testis were determined using two-dimensional electrophoresis and the expression levels of 298 protein spots were analyzed. mass spectrometry was performed to identify those significantly differential expressed proteins; western blotting was used to confirm the results. during the developmental stages, 29 protein spots showed more than twofold differ ... | 2019 | 30628143 |
| age-related changes in the morphology and the distribution of iga and igg in the pharyngeal tonsils of yaks (bos grunniens). | to evaluate age-related changes in the morphology as well as the expression and localization of iga and igg in yak pharyngeal tonsils, 20 healthy yaks were divided into four age groups [newborn (1-7 days old), juvenile (5-7 months old), adult (3-6 years old) and old (7-10 years old)]. morphologic characteristics were observed by histological techniques. the expression and localization of iga and igg in pharyngeal tonsils were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and immunohistoc ... | 2019 | 30570168 |
| transcriptomic analysis reveals that enterovirus f strain swun-ab001 infection activates jnk/sapk and p38 mapk signaling pathways in mdbk cells. | enteroviruses (picornaviridae family) have been widely detected in the feces from cattle with diarrhea. however, the mechanisms responsible for the pathogenicity of enteroviruses in cattle remain unclear. recently, we isolated a novel ev-f7 strain called swun-ab001 from diarrheal yak (bos grunniens) feces. to explore the pathogenic mechanisms of this novel virus, we used a transcriptomics approach to find genes with differential expression patterns in madin-darby bovine kidney (mdbk) cells durin ... | 2018 | 30545363 |
| the transcriptomic landscape of yaks reveals molecular pathways for high altitude adaptation. | yak is one of the largest native mammalian species at the himalayas, the highest plateau area in the world with an average elevation of >4,000 m above the sea level. yak is well adapted to high altitude environment with a set of physiological features for a more efficient blood flow for oxygen delivery under hypobaric hypoxia. yet, the genetic mechanism underlying its adaptation remains elusive. we conducted a cross-tissue, cross-altitude, and cross-species study to characterize the transcriptom ... | 2019 | 30517636 |
| evaluation of 17 microsatellite markers for parentage testing and individual identification of domestic yak (bos grunniens). | yak (bos grunniens) is the most important domestic animal for people living at high altitudes. yak ordinarily feed by grazing, and this behavior impacts the accuracy of the pedigree record because it is difficult to control mating in grazing yak. this study aimed to evaluate the pedigree system and individual identification in polled yak. | 2018 | 30473935 |
| chuzan virus in yaks, qinghai-tibetan plateau, china. | we detected chuzan virus (chuv) in domestic yaks from the qinghai-tibetan plateau, western china, indicating chuv probably has been transmitted to yaks in recent years. awareness for chuv surveillance and transmission and livestock health management in these special regions should be raised to avoid outbreaks and animal loss. | 2018 | 30457543 |
| population genetic variations of the mmp3 gene revealed hypoxia adaptation in domesticated yaks (bos grunniens). | as an iconic symbol of qinghai-tibetan plateau and of high altitude, yak is subjected to hypoxic conditions that challenge aerobic metabolism. matrix metalloproteinases-3 (mmp3) is assumed to be a key target gene of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (hif-1α) that function as a master regulator of the cellular response to hypoxia. therefore, the aim of this investigation was to identify the dna polymorphism of mmp3 gene in domestic yak and to explore its possible association with high-altitude adaptati ... | 2018 | 30381735 |
| immunoexpression of aquaporins 1, 2, 3 and 4 in kidney of yak (bos grunniens) on the qinghai-tibetan plateau. | aquaporins (aqp) 1, 2, 3 and 4 belong to the aquaporin water channel family and play an important role in urine concentration by reabsorption of water from renal tubule fluid. renal aqps have not been reported in the yak (bos grunniens), which resides in the qinghai tibetan plateau. we investigated aqps 1-4 expressions in the kidneys of yak using immunohistochemical staining. aqp1 was expressed mainly in the basolateral and apical membranes of the proximal tubules and descending thin limb of the ... | 2019 | 30328721 |
| short communication: characterization of gene expression profiles related to yak milk protein synthesis during the lactation cycle. | this research assessed the gene expression patterns related to the synthesis of milk in yak, which is characterized by high fat and protein content but low yield. the yak (bos grunniens) is one of the most crucial domestic animals in tibetan life; however, the genetic and molecular factors underlying yak milk protein synthesis remain understudied. yak mammary biopsies harvested during late-pregnancy (d -15) through the end of subsequent lactation (d 1, 15, 30, 60, 180, and 240) were used to eval ... | 2018 | 30268611 |
| seasonal changes of rumen and intestine morphology of the qinghai yak (bos grunniens). | the aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of seasonal changes in grass quality on the ruminal and intestinal morphology of male qinghai yaks. | 2018 | 30250374 |
| identification and diversity of y-chromosome haplotypes in qinghai yak populations. | the aim of the present study was to perform a preliminary analysis of the characterization and diversity of y-chromosome haplotypes/haplogroups in yak of qinghai province, china. a total of 322 male yaks from nine populations belonging to three officially recognized breeds (gaoyuan, huanhu and datong) were sampled. animals were genotyped using six previously reported y-snps present in the sry, usp9y, uty, amely and ofd1y genes and four new y-snps in the ofd1y gene (g.569a>c, g.578a>c, g.608g>t a ... | 2018 | 30229981 |
| molecular cloning and expression of ghrelin in the hypothalamus-pituitary-gastrointestinal tract axis of the yak (bos grunniens) in the qinghai-tibetan plateau. | ghrelin is a very important brain-gut peptide that modulates appetite and energy metabolism in mammals. the yak is the only large mammal that can adapt to the cold temperatures and hypoxia conditions present in the qinghai-tibet plateau. however, there are no reports on ghrelin molecular characterization and expression in the hypothalamus-pituitary-digestive tract axis of the yak to date. in this study, the coding region sequence of the yak ghrelin, containing a complete orf (351) encoding for 1 ... | 2018 | 30178622 |
| copy number variations of klf6 modulate gene transcription and growth traits in chinese datong yak (bos grunniens). | copy number variation (cnv) is a significant marker of the genetic and phenotypic diversity among individuals that accounts for complex quantitative traits of phenotype and diseases via modulating gene dosage and disrupting coding regions in the genome. biochemically, kruppel-like factor 6 (klf6) genes plays a significant role in the regulation of cell differentiation and proliferation and muscle development. the aim of this study was to detect the distributions of klf6 copy number variations (c ... | 2018 | 30134528 |
| survivin expression and localization in different organs of yaks (bos grunniens). | yaks (bos grunniens) have special physiological structures that help them adapt to high-altitude environments. survivin is actively studied in cancer tissues, but less in normal tissues. therefore, the aim of the present study was to analysis the relationship between survivin expression and apoptosis rate in yaks. a partial gene sequence of survivin was cloned and characterized using bioinformatics. the expression of survivin was investigated using real-time quantitative pcr (rt-qpcr) and wester ... | 2018 | 30077795 |
| accumulation of deleterious mutations in the domestic yak genome. | deleterious mutations play an important functional role, affecting trait phenotypes in ways that decrease the fitness of organisms. estimating the frequency of occurrence and abundance has been a topic of much interest, especially in crops and livestock. the processes of domestication and breeding allow deleterious mutations to persist at high frequency, and identifying such deleterious mutations is particularly important for breed improvement. here, we assessed genome-wide patterns of deleterio ... | 2018 | 30062694 |
| comparative itraq proteomics revealed proteins associated with horn development in yak. | the practice of dehorning yak raises animal safety concerns, which have been addressed by selective breeding to obtain genetically hornless yak. the polled locus in yak has been studied extensively; however, little is known regarding the proteins that regulate horn bud development. | 2018 | 30061793 |
| comparison of histological characteristics and expression of cd3 and cd79a among the hemal nodes, lymph nodes and spleens of yaks (bos grunniens). | this experiment compared the histological characteristics and distribution of cd3 and cd79a among yak lymph nodes, hemal nodes and spleen. the three organs from ten clinically healthy newborn and adult yaks were studied using histology and immunohistochemistry. the yak hemal nodes, which consisted of blood sinuses, lymphoid follicles, diffuse lymphoid tissue and lymphoid cords, appeared to share the histological characteristics of the spleen and lymph nodes: the lymphoid follicles of the hemal n ... | 2019 | 30024020 |
| cryosurvival and pregnancy rates: one-step protocol for freezing-thawing shangri-la yak (bos grunniens) embryos. | the yak is one of the most important and economically useful animals for highlanders. the decline in the yak population requires effective measures for the conservation and multiplication of elite germplasm. a standardized protocol will simplify the freezing and warming of yak embryos in straw and facilitate embryo transfer. in this work, we investigated a one-step protocol that uses a stable basal medium, which comprised a warming medium (1.08 m sucrose) and a freezing medium (efs40). we also a ... | 2018 | 29962058 |
| effects of estradiol and progesterone on secretion of epidermal growth factor and insulin-like growth factor-1 in cultured yak endometrial epithelial cells. | we isolated and purified yak (bos grunniens) endometrial epithelial cells and assayed different concentrations of estradiol (e2) and progesterone (p4) with respect to secretion of epidermal growth factor (egf) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (igf-1). uterine epithelia were confirmed with feulgen staining, karyotype analysis, and immunohistochemistry. then, cells were treated with e2 and p4 and cultured in serum-free medium for 24 h. egf and igf-1 were measured with immunofluorescence, real-time ... | 2018 | 29857825 |
| characterization of transcriptional complexity during pre-implantation development of the yak (bos grunniens) using rna-seq. | the objective of this study was to investigate the mechanism that regulates pre-implantation development of the yak (bos grunniens). we determined the transcriptomes of in vitro-produced yak embryos at two-cell, four-cell, eight-cell stages, and morula and blastocyst using the illumina rna-seq for the first time. we obtained 47.36-50.86 million clean reads for each stage, of which, 85.65%-90.02% reads were covered in the reference genome. a total of 17,368 genes were expressed during the two-cel ... | 2018 | 29582471 |
| characterization of enterococcus faecalis jf85 and enterococcus faecium y83 isolated from tibetan yak (bos grunniens) for ensiling pennisetum sinese. | two bacteria strains with cellulolytic potential isolated from tibetan yak (bos grunniens) rumen were identified as enterococcus faecalis (jf85) and enterococcus faecium (y83). isolates grow well within a range of temperature 15 to 55 °c and ph 3.0-7.0, respectively. two strains were inoculated with or without lactobacillus plantarum (lp) to pennisetum sinese silage for 90 days. all inoculants increased lactic acid content, decreased ph and lignocellulose contents compared with silage without ad ... | 2018 | 29486409 |
| large-scale production of yak (bos grunniens) chymosin a in pichia pastoris. | milk-clotting enzymes used in the dairy industry can be obtained from different sources such as plants, animals, and microorganisms. recombinant chymosin is the best alternative for the dairy industry due to the differences in physicochemical properties of coagulating enzymes and scarcity of chymosin from animal sources. in this study, glycosylated and non-glycosylated forms of yak chymosin were extracellularly produced in a methylotrophic yeast, komagataella phaffii (pichia pastoris). synthetic ... | 2019 | 30336214 |
| evaluation of the economic impact of brucellosis in domestic yaks of tibet. | brucellosis is considered as an endemic disease in yaks (bos grunniens) in china, but few economic analyses describing the cost of the disease and potential benefits of control have been reported. the aim of the study was to estimate the economic cost of brucellosis in yaks and the economic value of three control strategies: (a) vaccination; (b) test-and-slaughter; and (c) a combination of vaccination and test-and-slaughter programs in damxung and maizhokunggar counties and pali township of yado ... | 2019 | 30365244 |
| yak (bos grunniens) tonsils: morphological description and expression of iga and igg. | this study aimed to describe the morphology, expression of iga and igg in adult yak tonsils. the 12 clinically healthy yak tonsils [3- to 6-year old, n = 12] were examined for morphology using light, and transmission electron microscopes. expression of iga and igg was measured by qrt-pcr, elisa, and immunohistochemistry. the results showed that the palatine tonsil, the tonsil of the soft palate, and the lingual tonsil were oropharyngeal tonsils. the stratified squamous epithelia covering them ha ... | 2019 | 30365245 |