| cloning and expression of yak active chymosin in pichia pastoris. | rennet, a complex of enzymes found in the stomachs of ruminants, is an important component for cheese production. in our study, we described that yak chymosin gene recombinant pichia pastoris strain could serve as a novel source for rennet production. yaks total rna was extracted from the abomasum of an unweaned yak. the yak preprochymosin, prochymosin, and chymosin genes from total rna were isolated using gene specific primers based on cattle chymosin gene sequence respectively and analyzed the ... | 2016 | 27004812 |
| comparison of methanogen diversity of yak (bos grunniens) and cattle (bos taurus) from the qinghai-tibetan plateau, china. | methane emissions by methanogen from livestock ruminants have significantly contributed to the agricultural greenhouse gas effect. it is worthwhile to compare methanogen from "energy-saving" animal (yak) and normal animal (cattle) in order to investigate the link between methanogen structure and low methane production. | 2012 | 23078429 |
| maternal phylogeny of a newly-found yak population in china. | the jinchuan yak is a new yak population identified in sichuan, china. this population has a special anatomical characteristic: an additional pair of ribs compared with other yak breeds. the genetic structure of this population is unknown. in the present study, we investigated the maternal phylogeny of this special yak population using the mitochondrial dna variation. a total of 23 jinchuan yaks were sequenced for a 823-bp fragment of d-loop control region and three individuals were sequenced fo ... | 2012 | 23109865 |
| a snp in intron 8 of cd46 causes a novel transcript associated with mastitis in holsteins. | the membrane protein cd46, a ubiquitous cell surface pathogen receptor, can bind streptococcus to trigger cell autophagy, which is a critical step in the control of infection. | 2014 | 25070150 |
| detection of copy number variations and their effects in chinese bulls. | copy number variations (cnvs) are a main source of genomic structural variations underlying animal evolution and production traits. here, with one pure-blooded angus bull as reference, we describe a genome-wide analysis of cnvs based on comparative genomic hybridization arrays in 29 chinese domesticated bulls and examined their effects on gene expression and cattle growth traits. | 2014 | 24935859 |
| epigenetic regulation of bovine spermatogenic cell-specific gene boule. | non-primate mammals have two deleted azoospermia (daz) family genes, dazl and boule; genes in this family encode rna-binding proteins essential for male fertility in diverse animals. testicular dazl transcription is regulated by epigenetic factors such as dna methylation. however, nothing is known about the epigenetic regulation of boule. here, we explored the role of dna methylation in the regulation of the bovine boule (bboule) gene. we found that a long cpg island (cgi) in the bboule promoter ... | 2015 | 26030766 |
| cloning and polymorphisms of yak lactate dehydrogenase b gene. | the main objective of this work was to study the unique polymorphisms of the lactate dehydrogenase-1 (ldh1) gene in yak (bos grunniens). native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed three phenotypes of ldh1 (a tetramer of h subunit) in yak heart and longissimus muscle extracts. the corresponding gene, ldhb, encoding h subunits of three ldh1 phenotypes was obtained by rt-pcr. a total of six nucleotide differences were detected in yak ldhb compared with that of cattle, of which five mutation ... | 2013 | 23739677 |
| mutational tail loss is an evolutionary mechanism for liberating marapsins and other type i serine proteases from transmembrane anchors. | human and mouse marapsins (prss27) are serine proteases preferentially expressed by stratified squamous epithelia. however, mouse marapsin contains a transmembrane anchor absent from the human enzyme. to gain insights into physical forms, activities, inhibition, and roles in epithelial differentiation, we traced tail loss in human marapsin to a nonsense mutation in an ancestral ape, compared substrate preferences of mouse and human marapsins with those of the epithelial peptidase prostasin, desi ... | 2013 | 23447538 |
| splice variants and promoter methylation status of the bovine vasa homology (bvh) gene may be involved in bull spermatogenesis. | vasa is a member of the dead-box protein family that plays an indispensable role in mammalian spermatogenesis, particularly during meiosis. bovine vasa homology (bvh) of bos taurus has been reported, however, its function in bovine testicular tissue remains obscure. this study aimed to reveal the functions of bvh and to determine whether bvh is a candidate gene in the regulation of spermatogenesis in bovine, and to illustrate whether its transcription is regulated by alternative splicing and dna ... | 2013 | 23815438 |
| combining untargeted and targeted proteomic strategies for discrimination and quantification of cashmere fibers. | cashmere is regarded as a specialty and luxury fiber due to its scarcity and high economic value. for fiber quality assessment, it is technically very challenging to distinguish and quantify the cashmere fiber from yak or wool fibers because of their highly similar physical appearance and substantial protein sequence homology. to address this issue, we propose a workflow combining untargeted and targeted proteomics strategies for selecting, verifying and quantifying biomarkers for cashmere texti ... | 2016 | 26789629 |
| serologic evidence for babesia bigemina infection in wild yak (bos mutus) in qinghai province, china. | piroplasmosis, caused by tick-borne protozoan parasites of the genera theileria and babesia, is one of the most economically important infections of domestic ruminants in china. we evaluated the prevalence of antibodies to babesia bigemina in wild yaks (bos mutus) from qinghai province, china. of 91 samples, 24% had detectable b. bigemina antibodies, and significant differences in prevalence were observed between those older than 5 yr and those younger than 5 yr. we collected 1,679 ticks belongi ... | 2015 | 26267460 |
| first report of babesia bigemina infection in white yaks in china. | white yaks, a unique yak breed and the pearl of the plateau, only live in tianzhu tibetan autonomous county (ttac), gansu province, northwest china, contributing significantly to local economy. however, there was no information on the prevalence of babesia bigemina in white yaks. in this study, a total of 974 serum samples collected from white yaks in ttac were examined for specific antibodies against b. bigemina using a commercially available elisa kit. the overall seroprevalence of b. bigemina ... | 2015 | 25700713 |
| babesia bigemina infection in yak (poephagus grunniens l.): molecular detection and characterization. | yaks contribute significantly in the himalayan high land economy. specific information on prevalence of babesiosis in yaks is lacking. a fast and reliable pcr assay targeting babesia bigemina small subunit ribosomal rna sequence (ss rrna) was laboratory standardized for molecular detection of b. bigemina in yaks. restriction digestion of the pcr amplified 675 bp target sequence with vsp i confirmed the prevalent species of babesia as b. bigemina. nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis o ... | 2013 | 23298564 |
| detection of antibodies against bluetongue virus among domestic ruminants in the highlands of nepal. | bluetongue (bt) is one of the most economically important transboundary animal diseases. in recent years, it has been considered a disease related to climate change. a study was undertaken in 2013 in nepal to measure the prevalence of bluetongue virus (btv) infection among domestic ruminants inhabiting the 3 agro-climatic zones with altitudes ranging from 150 to 2,400 metres above sea level. twelve clusters representing the 3 altitudes were selected. the presence of antibodies against btv was de ... | 2016 | 27723042 |
| development of real-time polymerase chain reaction for detection of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in china. | universal primers and probes were selected on the basis of the 16s rrna gene sequence of borrelia burgdorferi in genbank®, and a real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method for detection of b. burgdorferi was established. the results showed that this method could specifically detect the b31 strain (borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto), the bo23 strain (borrelia afzelii), and the sz strain (borrelia garinii), without cross-reaction with genome dna of theileria (t. luwenshuni, t. uilenbergi, t ... | 2012 | 22448677 |
| prevalence of circulating antibodies to bovine herpesvirus 1 in yaks (bos grunniens) on the qinghai-tibetan plateau, china. | bovine herpesvirus 1 (bohv-1) causes infections with many clinical signs, including rhinotracheitis, encephalitis, and genital lesions. the virus occurs worldwide in bovines, and in recent years, it has been reported in yaks (bos grunniens) inhabiting the tibetan plateau in china. however, there is little epidemiologic data describing bohv-1 infections in china's yak herds. we conducted a cross-sectional study on the qinghai-tibetan plateau (qtp) in china july 2011-july 2012 to estimate the prev ... | 2016 | 26555106 |
| bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) - a re-emerging concern in livestock: a revisit to its biology, epidemiology, diagnosis, and prophylaxis. | bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) is known to cause several diseases worldwide. it is a double-stranded dna virus consisting of 33 structural proteins out of which 13 are associated with the envelope. based on genomic analysis and viral peptide patterns, bhv-1 virus can be divided into several subtypes like bhv-1.1, bhv-1.2, and bhv-1.3. however, all subtypes are antigenically similar. the symptoms of the related diseases are mainly non-life-threatening but have a rather wide host range that limits a ... | 2013 | 23802762 |
| epizootic hemorrhagic disease in yaks (bos grunniens). | an epizootic of hemorrhagic disease associated with epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serotype 2 (ehdv-2) infections in yaks from 5 herds occurred in colorado between august 21 and october 3, 2012. affected yaks presented with fever, lethargy, anorexia, dyspnea, and swollen conjunctivae. ulcerated dental pads, mucoid sanguineous nasal discharge, petechial hemorrhages in multiple organs, pulmonary edema, and serosanguinous fluid in the thorax, abdomen, and pericardial sac were observed at necro ... | 2013 | 23572453 |
| seroprevalence investigation of bovine ephemeral fever in yaks in tibetan plateau of china from 2012 to 2015. | bovine ephemeral fever (bef) is caused by the arthropod-borne bovine ephemeral fever virus (befv), which is classified in family rhabdoviridae and genus ephemerovirus. however, it is still unclear whether yaks from the tibetan plateau of china are exposed to befv. it is the first time that a survey was conducted to investigate the seroprevalence of befv infection in yaks (bos grunniens) on the tibetan plateau of china. a total of 1123 serum samples were collected randomly from yaks from 2012 to ... | 2017 | 27722831 |
| papillomavirus in yaks: the isolates of bovine papillomavirus type 1 have a high possibility of belonging to a novel type. | although papillomaviruses (pvs) have been widely reported in vertebrates, there have been only a few pv reports in yaks (bos grunniens). in 2012, bam et al. reported bovine papillomavirus type 1 (bpv-1) and bpv-2 associated with cutaneous papillomatosis in yaks, which provided genomic and pathology information for yak pvs. however, nucleotide identity and phylogenic analyses revealed that there are two isolates with a high possibility of belonging to a novel type that is not bpv-1. the argument ... | 2016 | 26922971 |
| prevalence study and genetic typing of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) in four bovine species in china. | to determine the nationwide status of persistent bvdv infection in different bovine species in china and compare different test methods, a total of 1379 serum samples from clinical healthy dairy cattle, beef cattle, yaks (bos grunniens), and water buffalo (bubalus bubalis) were collected in eight provinces of china from 2010 to 2013. the samples were analyzed using commercial antibody (ab) and antigen (ag) detection kits, and rt-pcr based on the 5'-utr and npro gene sequencing. results showed th ... | 2015 | 25849315 |
| molecular investigation of bovine viral diarrhea virus infection in yaks (bos gruniens) from qinghai, china. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is a pestivirus which infects both domestic animals and wildlife species worldwide. in china, cattle are often infected with bvdv of different genotypes, but there is very limited knowledge regarding bvdv infection in chinese yaks and the genetic diversity of the virus. the objectives of this study were to detect viral infection in yaks in qinghai, china and to determine the genotypes of bvdv based on analysis of the 5'untranslated region (5'utr) and n-terminal ... | 2014 | 24524442 |
| seroprevalence of bovine viral diarrhea infection in yaks (bos grunniens) on the qinghai-tibetan plateau of china. | the seroprevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) infection in yaks was investigated in qinghai and tibet of china during the year 2011. a total of 549 (tibet 287, qinghai 262) serum samples was collected from tibet and qinghai and were examined for bvdv p80 antibody by elisa. the results of the experiment showed that 145 (53.65 %) of tibetan samples and 189 (72.14 %) of qinghai's samples were positive for bvdv. the observations of the present study suggest that bovine viral diarrhea is c ... | 2013 | 23111636 |
| comparative analyses of the complete mitochondrial genomes of the two ruminant hookworms bunostomum trigonocephalum and bunostomum phlebotomum. | bunostomum trigonocephalum and bunostomum phlebotomum are blood-feeding hookworms of sheep and cattle, causing considerable economic losses to the live stock industries. studying genetic variability within and among hookworm populations is critical to addressing epidemiological and ecological questions. mitochondrial (mt) dna is known to provide useful markers for investigations of population genetics of hookworms, but mt genome sequence data are scant. in the present study, the complete mitocho ... | 2014 | 24625354 |
| identification and characterization of chlamydia abortus isolates from yaks in qinghai, china. | recently, the yak population has exhibited reproductive disorders, which are considered to be associated with chlamydia abortus (c. abortus) in qinghai, china. in this study, a total of 9 aborted fetuses (each from a different herd) and 126 vaginal swab samples from the 9 herds were collected and analyzed. c. abortus dna was detected from all of the 9 aborted fetuses and 30 of the 126 vaginal swab samples (23.81%) from yak cows in the selected herds. four c. abortus strains were isolated from em ... | 2015 | 26060818 |
| spontaneous cutaneous papillomatosis in yaks and detection and quantification of bovine papillomavirus-1 and -2. | seven clinical cases of cutaneous papillomatosis in yaks were studied in arunachal pradesh, india. sporadic, single or a chain of multiple varying size warts appeared around the eyes or on the body. predominant site of warts was around eyes. histopathologically, these cases were diagnosed as fibropapilloma. it was confirmed by the detection of bpv-1 and bpv-2 or their mixed infection by pcr and sequencing. quantitative sybr green real-time pcr detected comparatively lower viral dna copy number i ... | 2013 | 23206264 |
| enterocytozoon bieneusi genotypes in yaks (bos grunniens) and their public health potential. | enterocytozoon bieneusi, the most frequently diagnosed microsporidian species in humans, is also identified in a wide range of animals. to date, few data are available on e. bieneusi in yaks (bos grunniens). in this study, we examined the occurrence and genotype identity of e. bieneusi in yaks in four counties in qinghai province of china. of 327 fecal specimens examined by nested pcr analysis of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer, 23 (7.0%) were e. bieneusi-positive. dna sequence analysi ... | 2015 | 25040451 |
| a novel astrovirus species in the gut of yaks with diarrhoea in the qinghai–tibetan plateau, 2013. | the yak (bos grunniens) is an iconic symbol in the high-altitude region of the qinghai–tibetan plateau. diarrhoea is a common disease in yaks, resulting in major economic losses. to investigate the diversity of viral species, we reported the metagenomics-derived virome in a pooled faecal sample of 20 diarrhoeic yaks. the nine viruses found in the pooled diarrhoeic samples, in order of abundance of nucleic acid sequence, were influenza a virus, bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv), rotavirus, ungu ... | 2015 | 26419604 |
| molecular and phylogenetic characterization of non-o157 shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli strains in china. | shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) causes diarrhea and hemorrhagic colitis with life-threatening complications, such as hemolytic uremic syndrome. the aim of this study was to assess the molecular epidemiologic features of non-o157 stec strains from different resources in china and illustrate the role of animal reservoirs or animal-derived foodstuffs in human stec infections. a collection of 301 non-o157 stec isolates from domestic and wild animals (i.e., cattle, goat, pig, yak, pika, ... | 2016 | 27853704 |
| potential antibacterial activity of berberine against multi drug resistant enterovirulent escherichia coli isolated from yaks (poephagus grunniens) with haemorrhagic diarrhoea. | to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of berberine, a plant alkaloid. | 2013 | 23608335 |
| animal fascioliasis: perspectives from high altitudinal regions. | the parasitic flukes of the genus fasciola (platyhelminthes: trematoda: digenea) cause fascioliasis or liver-rot disease in ruminant livestock in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. classically, two species of fasciola- f. hepatica and f. gigantica, are universally recognized as taxonomically valid species. our survey studies on ovid and bovid animals including yak and mithun from high altitudinal mountainous regions in northeast india revealed the occurrence of fasciola gigantica an ... | 2016 | 27890078 |
| foot-and-mouth disease virus carrier status in bos grunniens yaks. | the carrier status of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) is complicated, and the role of carrier animals in virus transmission is controversial. to investigate the carrier status of fmdv in animals that live in high altitude, bos grunniens yaks were infected experimentally with fmdv o/akesu/58. | 2013 | 23497369 |
| hepatitis c virus modulates lipid regulatory factor angiopoietin-like 3 gene expression by repressing hnf-1α activity. | hcv relies on host lipid metabolism to complete its life cycle and hcv core is crucial to this interaction. liver secreted angptl-3 is an lxr- and hnf-1α-regulated protein, which plays a key role in lipid metabolism by increasing plasma lipids via inhibition of lipase enzymes. here we aimed to investigate the modulation of angptl-3 by hcv core and identify the molecular mechanisms involved. | 2014 | 23978712 |
| molecular characterization of giardia duodenalis from white yaks in china. | giardia duodenalis is one of the most common enteric parasites of humans and animals, including companion animals, livestock and wildlife. to date, the information about the prevalence and molecular characterization of g. duodenalis infection in white yaks was limited. in the present study, a total of 208 white yak fecal samples were collected from tianzhu tibetan autonomous county (ttac) between september 2013 and march 2014. of the 208 white yak fecal samples, four samples (1.92%, all collecte ... | 2016 | 27078665 |
| detection of giardia duodenalis assemblage e infections at the tibetan plateau area: yaks are suitable hosts. | the prevalence of giardia duodenalis (g. duodenalis) assemblages in yaks is poorly known. the present study examined 297 fecal samples from weaned yak, 4-7 months of age, from 3 different farms, in tibetan plateau area (tpa) of the qinghai province in western china. the prevalence of infection was determined by light and immunofluorescence microscopy, and nested-pcr. pcr was performed for the small subunit ribosomal rna (ssu) amplified 16 positive for g. duodenalis products. the prevalence of gi ... | 2017 | 28209552 |
| characterization of dicrocoelium chinensis from domestic yaks in gansu and sichuan provinces, china, using genetic markers in two mitochondrial genes. | dicrocoelium chinensis is commonly known as the "lancet fluke" or "small liver fluke" which lives in the bile ducts and gall bladder of domestic and wild ruminants. in this study, we examined sequence variability in two mitochondrial (mt) genes, namely cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) and nadh dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad1) genes, among d. chinensis isolated from domestic yaks in gansu and sichuan provinces, china. a portion of the cox1 (pcox1) and nad1 (pnad1) genes was amplified by pcr se ... | 2013 | 23194108 |
| seroprevalence of bovine tuberculosis infection in yaks (bos grunniens) on the qinghai-tibetan plateau of china. | bovine tuberculosis (btb), a chronic disease caused by mycobacterium bovis, has been widely reported in bovines in developing countries, but there is little information on this infection in domestic yaks. seroprevalence of antibodies to m. bovis in yaks from six and three regions of tibet and qinghai plateau, china, respectively, was investigated in 2011 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. a total of 1,244 (tibet 938, qinghai 306) blood samples was collected and the results showed that 24 ... | 2013 | 23338819 |
| seroprevalence and risk factors of fascioliasis in yaks, bos grunniens, from three counties of gansu province, china. | the aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors of fascioliasis in yaks, bos grunniens, from 3 counties of gansu province in china. a total of 1,584 serum samples, including 974 samples from white yaks from tianzhu, 464 from black yaks from maqu, and 146 from black yaks from luqu county, were collected and analyzed using elisa to detect igg antibodies against fasciola hepatica. the overall f. hepatica seroprevalence was 28.7% (454/1,584), with 29.2% in white yaks (284/ ... | 2017 | 28285513 |
| [analysis of xylanases derived from the metagenomic bac clone library of yak rumen]. | the diversity of rumen microbial xylanases and their degradation characteristics were studied and the resources of new xylanases genes and enzymes were provided. | 2011 | 22233058 |
| prokaryotic expression and immunogenicity analysis of yak recombinant myostatin. | myostatin (mstn) is a negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth. the objective of the present study was to express yak (bos grunniens) recombinant mstn protein in e. coli and study its characteristics of immunogenicity. cdna encoding yak mstn mature peptide was amplified by reverse-transcription pcr, and cloned into pet28a(+) vector and expressed in e. coli. the expressed recombinant mstn was purified by affinity chromatography and used to prepare rabbit anti yak mstn antibody. the results sh ... | 2012 | 23134305 |
| malignant catarrhal fever: an emerging disease in the african buffalo (syncerus caffer). | within the tribe bovini in the subfamily bovinae, the water buffalo (bubalus bubalis), american bison (bison bison), european bison (bubalus bonasus) and yak (bos grunniens) are recognized as species highly susceptible to malignant catarrhal fever (mcf). in contrast, the lack of reports describing clinical mcf in the african buffalo (syncerus caffer) whether free ranging or captive has led to a perception that african buffaloes are resistant to mcf. during the last decade, several cases of mcf i ... | 2015 | 23957274 |
| prevalence of sulfonamide and florfenicol resistance genes in escherichia coli isolated from yaks (bos grunniens) and herdsmen in the tibetan pasture. | to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and prevalence of resistance genes in escherichia coli isolated from yaks (bos grunniens) and herdsmen in nine plateau pastures in tibet, we isolated 184 nonidentical strains of e. coli from yaks and herdsmen. antimicrobial susceptibility testing of 15 antimicrobials was conducted and the prevalence of sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2, and sul3) and florfenicol resistance genes (flor, cfr, cmla, fexa, pexa, and estdl136) was determin ... | 2015 | 25973625 |
| evaluation of combined b cell specific n-terminal immunogenic domains of lipl21 for diagnosis of leptospirosis. | leptospiral outer membrane protein lipl21 and its truncated n-terminal immunogenic region (i-lipl21) were evaluated for diagnosis of leptospirosis. the complete coding sequence of lipl21 nucleotide sequence was subjected to bcpred and vaxijen analysis for determination of b cell specific immunogenic epitopes. epitope1 acs std tgq kda ttv gdg (1.8837), epitope2 wgg ppe qrn dgk tpr dtn (0.9483), epitope3 vkg vgv yec kat gsg sdp (1.4077) and epitope4 new ecq cvi yak fpg gkd (0.4462) were predicted. ... | 2016 | 27259643 |
| phylogeny of theileria buffeli genotypes identified in the south african buffalo (syncerus caffer) population. | theileria buffeli/orientalis is a group of benign and mildly pathogenic species of cattle and buffalo in various parts of the world. in a previous study, we identified t. buffeli in blood samples originating from the african buffalo (syncerus caffer) in the hluhluwe-imfolozi game park (hip) and the addo elephant game park (aegp) in south africa. the aim of this study was to characterise the 18s rrna gene and complete internal transcribed spacer (its1-5.8s-its2) region of t. buffeli samples, and ... | 2014 | 25002308 |
| molecular detection and characterization of theileria infection in cattle and yaks from tibet plateau region, china. | theileriosis continues to threaten the livestock industry worldwide, but comprehensive epidemiological surveys for this disease have not been conducted in the tibet plateau region, china. in this study, we screened 154 cattle blood samples from the tibet plateau region (lhasa, lhoka, and tianzhu), china, for detection of theileria pathogens by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) with species-specific primers. the results revealed that the prevalence was 6.9 % (2/29) for theileria orientalis and 27.6 ... | 2016 | 27000088 |
| prevalence, associated risk factors, and phylogenetic analysis of toxocara vitulorum infection in yaks on the qinghai tibetan plateau, china. | toxocara vitulorum has been rarely reported in yaks at high altitudes and remote areas of sichuan province of tibetan plateau of china. the current study was designed to investigate the prevalence, associated risk factors, and phylogenetic characteristics of t. vitulorum in yak calves on the qinghai tibetan plateau. fecal samples were collected from 891 yak calves and were examined for the presence of t. vitulorum eggs by the mcmaster technique. a multivariable logistic regression model was empl ... | 2016 | 27853122 |
| identification of lactic acid bacteria in traditional fermented yak milk and evaluation of their application in fermented milk products. | in this study, 53 strains of lactic acid bacteria (lab) isolated from xueo, a traditional fermented yak milk in the western sichuan plateau of china, were identified and their use in fermented milk was evaluated. all gram-positive and catalase-negative strains were divided into 6 groups at the level of 87% similarity using amplified ribosomal dna restriction analysis. these groups were identified as 6 species using 16s rdna sequence analysis and atpa gene analysis. the dominant lab strains in xu ... | 2012 | 22365191 |
| study of infection of echinococcus granulosus in yak in spring and its potential role in transmission of cystic echinococcosis in rangtang county of sichuan, china. | | 2013 | 23425806 |
| serological survey of toxoplasma gondii in tibetan mastiffs (canis lupus familiaris) and yaks (bos grunniens) in qinghai, china. | toxoplasma gondii is an amphixenosis which has extensive hosts. in recent years, the prevalence of t. gondii in china has been reported, while little is known on the survey of t. gondii infection in northwest china, especially in yaks (bos grunniens) and tibetan mastiffs (canis lupus familiaris). the current study survey the infection of t. gondii in tibetan mastiffs and yaks in qinghai province, china. | 2012 | 22330277 |
| a colostrum trypsin inhibitor gene expressed in the cape fur seal mammary gland during lactation. | the colostrum trypsin inhibitor (cti) gene and transcript were cloned from the cape fur seal mammary gland and cti identified by in silico analysis of the pacific walrus and polar bear genomes (order carnivora), and in marine and terrestrial mammals of the orders cetartiodactyla (yak, whales, camel) and perissodactyla (white rhinoceros). unexpectedly, weddell seal cti was predicted to be a pseudogene. cape fur seal cti was expressed in the mammary gland of a pregnant multiparous seal, but not in ... | 2016 | 26639991 |
| the arteries of brain base in species of bovini tribe. | studies were conducted on 78 preparations of head and brain arteries in four species of bos genus, that is in domestic cattle (n = 59), including 22 foetuses (crl 36.5-78.5 cm), in banteng (bos javanicus, n = 3), yak (bos mutus f. grunniens, n = 2), american bison (bison bison, n = 4), and european bison (bison bonasus, n = 10). the comparative analysis permitted to demonstrate a similar pattern of brain base arteries in the studied animals. in the studied species, blood vessels of the arterial ... | 2013 | 24106047 |
| the genome sequence of the wisent (bison bonasus). | the wisent, also known as the european bison, was rescued from extinction approximately 80 years ago through the conservation of 12 individuals. here, we present the draft genome sequence of a male wisent individual descended from this founding stock. | 2017 | 28327911 |
| combining multiple autosomal introns for studying shallow phylogeny and taxonomy of laurasiatherian mammals: application to the tribe bovini (cetartiodactyla, bovidae). | mitochondrial sequences are widely used for species identification and for studying phylogenetic relationships among closely related species or populations of the same species. however, many studies of mammals have shown that the maternal history of the mitochondrial genome can be discordant with the true evolutionary history of the taxa. in such cases, the analyses of multiple nuclear genes can be more powerful for deciphering interspecific relationships. here, we designed primers for amplifyin ... | 2013 | 23159894 |
| evolutionary dynamics of meiotic recombination hotspots regulator prdm9 in bovids. | hybrid sterility or reproductive isolation in mammals has been attributed to allelic incompatibilities in a dna-binding protein prdm9. not only is prdm9 exceptional in being the only known 'speciation gene' in vertebrates, but it is also considered to be the fastest evolving gene in the genome. the terminal zinc finger (zf) domain of prdm9 specifies genome-wide meiotic recombination hotspot locations in mammals. intriguingly, prdm9 zf domain is highly variable between as well as within species, ... | 2017 | 27744561 |
| sequence based structural characterization and genetic diversity analysis of full length tlr4 cds in crossbred and indigenous cattle. | the exploration of candidate genes for immune response in cattle may be vital for improving our understanding regarding the species specific response to pathogens. toll-like receptor 4 (tlr4) is mostly involved in protection against the deleterious effects of gram negative pathogens. approximately 2.6 kb long cdna sequence of tlr4 gene covering the entire coding region was characterized in two indian milk cattle (vrindavani and tharparkar). the phylogenetic analysis confirmed that the bovine tlr ... | 2017 | 27715456 |
| status of tick infections among semi-wild cattle in arunachal pradesh, india. | to explore the seasonal prevalence of tick infections in mithun (bos frontalis) and yak (b. grunniens) a study was conducted in papum pare district, kurung-kumey district and west kameng district of arunachal pradesh, india from december 2012 to november 2014. adult ticks were collected from both the animals during the month of december 2012 to november 2014. ectoparasites were identified on the basis of their morpho-anatomical features observed through light microscope. a total of nine differen ... | 2017 | 27614479 |
| isolation and cdna characteristics of mhc-dra genes from gayal (bos frontalis) and gaytle (bos frontalis × bos taurus). | the mammalian major histocompatibility complex (mhc) plays important roles in pathogen recognition and disease resistance. in the present study, the coding sequence and the 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions of mhc class ii dr alpha chain (the dra gene) from rare gayal and gaytle were cloned and analyzed to dissect structural and functional variations. the nucleotide and amino acid sequences for the dra genes in gayal (bofr-dra) and gaytle (bofr × bola-dra) were almost identical to those for cattle ... | 2015 | 26019617 |
| comparative sequence analysis in the exon 5 of growth hormone gene in the various livestock species of india. | the aim of the study was to identify genetic polymorphism in growth hormone (gh) gene locus of six different livestock species using pcr-direct dna sequencing method. in exon 5 of gh gene, 10 snps variants were identified in all livestock species studied, namely bubalus bubalis, bos indicus, bos frontalis, bos grunniens, ovis aries, and capra hircus. four snps were observed in bubalus bubalis, two snps in bos indicus, one snp in ovis aries, and three snps in capra hircus. no changes were observe ... | 2014 | 24299185 |
| estimation of methane and nitrous oxide emissions from indian livestock. | greenhouse gas (ghg; methane and nitrous oxide) emissions from enteric fermentation and manure management of indian livestock were estimated from the last two indian livestock census datasets (2003 and 2007) using ipcc tier 2 (2006) guidelines. the total annual ghg emissions from indian livestock increased in 2007 compared to the year 2003 with an annual growth rate of 1.52% over this period. the contributions of ghg by dairy cattle, non-dairy cattle, buffaloes, goats, sheep and other animals (y ... | 2012 | 22898933 |
| [polymorphisms of inhibin α gene exon 1 in buffalo (bubalus bubalis), gayal (bos frontalis) and yak (bos grunniens)]. | to elucidate the genetic characteristics of the bovine inhibin α subunit (inha) gene, the polymorphisms in exon 1 of inha and its bilateral sequences were assayed using pcr with direct sequencing in buffalo, gayal and yak. a comparative analysis was conducted by pooled the results in this study with the published data of inha on some mammals including some bovine species together. a synonymous substitution c.73c>a was identified in exon 1 of inha for buffalo, which results in identical encoding ... | 2012 | 22855448 |
| nucleotide diversity of the melanocortin 1 receptor gene (mc1r) in the gayal (bos frontalis). | the melanocortin 1 receptor gene (mc1r) plays a crucial role in determining coat colour of mammals. to investigate the relationship of polymorphism of the mc1r with coat colour in gayal, the coding sequence (cds), and the 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions (utr) of the mc1r were sequenced from 63 samples from the gayal and compared with the sequences of the mc1r from other ruminant species. a sequence of 1,136 bp including the whole cds (954 bp) and parts of the 5'- and 3'-utr (164 and 18 bp, respe ... | 2012 | 22307797 |
| the molecular phylogenetic signature of bali cattle revealed by maternal and paternal markers. | bali cattle is a domestic cattle breed that can be found in malaysia. it is a domestic cattle that was purely derived from a domestication event in banteng (bos javanicus) around 3,500 bc in indonesia. this research was conducted to portray the phylogenetic relationships of the bali cattle with other cattle species in malaysia based on maternal and paternal lineage. we analyzed the cytochrome c oxidase i (coi) mitochondrial gene and sry of y chromosome obtained from five species of the bos genus ... | 2013 | 23686165 |
| molecular characterization of hypoderma spp. in domestic ruminants from turkey and pakistan. | the aim of this study was to determine the morphological and molecular characterization of hypoderma spp. in cattle and yak from different provinces of turkey and pakistan. for this purpose, a total of 78 larvae were collected from different provinces of turkey and pakistan from october (2015) to january (2016) from slaughtered animals. thirty eight out of 78 hypoderma larvae were morphologically classified as third instar larvae (l3) of hypoderma bovis, 37 were hypoderma lineatum and 3 were cla ... | 2017 | 28398110 |
| characterization of chiral amino acids from different milk origins using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to ion-mobility mass spectrometry. | milk contains free amino acids (aas) that play essential roles in maintaining the growth and health of infants, and d-aa isomers are increasingly being recognized as important signalling molecules. however, there are no studies of the different characteristics of chiral aa (c-aa) from different milk origins. here, uplc coupled to ion-mobility high-resolution ms (im-hrms) was employed to characterize 18 pairs of c-aas in human, cow, yak, buffalo, goat, and camel milk. the results proved that milk ... | 2017 | 28393862 |
| genetic diversities of mt-nd1 and mt-nd2 genes are associated with high-altitude adaptation in yak. | tibetan yak (bos grunniens) inhabiting the qinghai-tibet plateau (qtp) where the average altitude is 4000 m, is specially adapted to live at these altitudes. conversely, cattle (b. taurus) has been found to suffer from high-altitude hypertension or heart failure when exposed to these high altitudes. two mitochondrial genes, mt-nd1 and mt-nd2, encode two subunits of nadh dehydrogenase play an essential role in the electron transport chain of oxidative phosphorylation (oxphos). we sequenced these ... | 2017 | 28366030 |
| a molecular survey of babesia species and detection of a new babesia species by dna related to b. venatorum from white yaks in tianzhu, china. | bovine babesiosis is a tick-transmitted disease caused by different species of babesia. the white yak is a unique yak breed that lives only in tianzhu in the tibetan autonomous county, gansu province, in northwestern china. previous research using the elisa method has confirmed that the white yak could become infected with b. bigemina. the objective of this study was the molecular detection and identification of babesia species in white yaks. a total of 409 white yak blood samples were collected ... | 2017 | 28352260 |
| genetic diversity of atp8 and atp6 genes is associated with high-altitude adaptation in yak. | atp synthase 8 (atp8) and atpase synthase 6 (atp6) play an important role in mitochondrial atpase assembly. mutations in either of these units could affect the atp processing and the respiration chain in mitochondria. to find out if there were differences in gene diversity between tibetan yaks and domestic cattle, we sequenced the atp8 and atp6 genes in 66 tibetan yaks and 81 domestic cattle. we identified 20 snps in the atp8 gene and 60 snps in the atp6 gene. ten snps detected in atp8 were prob ... | 2017 | 28306370 |
| genetic assessment of leech species from yak (bos grunniens) in the tract of northeast india. | yak is an iconic symbol of tibet and high altitudes of northeast india. it is highly cherished for milk, meat, and skin. however, yaks suffer drastic change in milk production, weight loss, etc, when infested by parasites. among them, infestation by leeches is a serious problem in the himalayan belt of northeast india. the parasite feeds on blood externally or from body orifices, like nasopharynx, oral, rectum, etc. but there has been limited data about the leech species infesting the yak in tha ... | 2017 | 28290215 |
| sequence analysis of cytb gene in echinococcus granulosus from western china. | echinococcus granulosus is the causative agent of cystic echinococcosis with medical and veterinary importance in china. our main objective was to discuss the genotypes and genetic diversity of e. granulosus present in domestic animals and humans in western china. a total of 45 hydatid cyst samples were collected from sheep, humans, and a yak and subjected to an analysis of the sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome b (cytb) gene. the amplified pcr product for all samples was a 1,068 bp band. the ... | 2014 | 24850967 |
| seroprevalence of chlamydophila abortus infection in yaks (bos grunniens) in qinghai, china. | chlamydophila abortus is an important amphixenosis which in a wide range of animals, associated with reproductive disorders in yaks. in order to assess the prevalence of this infection in yaks in qinghai, china, a cross-sectional study was carried out, and a total of 674 serum samples were collected from june to october 2012 in six counties, and antibodies to c. abortus were examined by indirect hemagglutination (iha) test. the overall seroprevalence of c. abortus in yaks was 17.66 % (119/674), ... | 2014 | 24343703 |
| seroprevalence and risk factors of chlamydia abortus infection in free-ranging white yaks in china. | chlamydia is gram-negative obligate bacteria which causes a wide variety of diseases in humans and animals. to date, there are a few reports about the seroprevalence of chlamydia and the risk factors associated with chlamydia infection in yaks in the world. in this study, 974 blood samples were collected from white yaks (bos grunniens) in tianzhu tibetan autonomous county, gansu province, northwest china from june 2013 to april 2014. | 2015 | 25601354 |
| [cell density mediated cellulases synthesis in cellulosilyticum ruminicola]. | cellulosilyticum ruminicola h1 is an anaerobic cellulolytic bacterium isolated from the rumen content of yak. previously, we found that strain h1 lost growth on filter paper cellulose after several subcultures. the growth on cellulose cannot be restored until a few transfers in the cellobiose-containing medium. this is contrary to the knowledge that microbial cellulases synthesis is induced by the substrate while repressed by the metabolites, e. g. cellobiose, but provides a hint of cell-density ... | 2012 | 23236840 |
| seroprevalence of bluetongue virus in domestic yaks (bos grunniens) in tibetan regions of china based on circulating antibodies. | the bluetongue (bt) is an infectious, non-contagious disease of ruminants with a substantial impact on income and welfare of animals. to date, scarce information about this disease in domestic yaks is available in tibetan area of china. seroprevalence of circulating antibodies to bluetongue virus (btv) in yaks from three regions of tibet and hongyuan area of sichuan province in china was investigated by a commercial competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. a total of 736 blood samples ... | 2015 | 26017752 |
| protein and mrna expression of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor and luteinizing hormone receptor during the oestrus in the yak (bos grunniens). | follicle-stimulating hormone (fsh) and luteinizing hormone (lh) have a central role in follicle growth, maturation and oestrus, but no clear pathway in the seasonal oestrus of yak (bos grunniens) has been found. to better understand the role of fsh and lh in seasonal oestrus in the yak, six yaks were slaughtered while in oestrus, and the pineal gland, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and gonads were collected. using real-time pcr and immunohistochemical assays, we determined the mrna and protein e ... | 2017 | 28181328 |
| whole-genome analysis of introgressive hybridization and characterization of the bovine legacy of mongolian yaks. | the yak is remarkable for its adaptation to high altitude and occupies a central place in the economies of the mountainous regions of asia. at lower elevations, it is common to hybridize yaks with cattle to combine the yak's hardiness with the productivity of cattle. hybrid males are sterile, however, preventing the establishment of stable hybrid populations, but not a limited introgression after backcrossing several generations of female hybrids to male yaks. here we inferred bovine haplotypes ... | 2017 | 28135247 |
| lower methane emissions from yak compared with cattle in rusitec fermenters. | globally methane (ch4) emissions from ruminant livestock account for 29% of total ch4 emissions. inherited variation about ch4 emissions of different animal species might provide new opportunity for manipulating ch4 production. six rumen-simulating fermenters (rusitec) were set up for this study lasting for 16 d. the diet consisted of forage to concentrate ratio of 50:50 with barley straw as the forage. treated vessels were supplied with rumen fluid from yak or cattle (3 vessels per animal speci ... | 2017 | 28076447 |
| does yik yak promote risky health behavior on college campuses? | this study offers an analysis of how healthy and risky behaviors are discussed on an emerging social media platform. we sought to understand what behaviors are communicated and if they are encouraged or discouraged. we completed a content analysis of messages (n = 3,776) posted to yik yak captured three times a day on 4 days of the week across two separate weeks. we analyzed messages to determine the category of the behavior, an appraisal of the behavior, and normative voting feedback. our resul ... | 2017 | 28059553 |
| development and validation of a universal primer pair for the simultaneous detection of eight animal species. | in the present study, we developed a novel simplex pcr assay for the simultaneous detection of eight animal species, including goat, sheep, deer, buffalo, cattle, yak, pig and camel. a unique pair of universal primers was designed to target mitochondrial dna variable regions in the eight animal species, generating, 787, 763, 563, 512, 507, 491, 455 and 385bp long fragments for goat, sheep, deer, buffalo, cattle, yak, pig and camel, respectively. the assay showed no cross-reactivity with other co ... | 2017 | 27979274 |
| differences in proteomic profiles of milk fat globule membrane in yak and cow milk. | milk fat globule membrane (mfgm) is an important milk component which is rich in bioactive proteins. in this work, the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (itraq) proteomic approach was used to investigate the differences in the mfgm proteins between yak and cow milk. over 450 proteins were identified between the yak and cow mfgm. the mfgm proteins with significant differences were compared based on the relative abundance. proteins such as glycosylation-dependent cell adhesion m ... | 2017 | 27979168 |
| cost-effective control strategies for animal and zoonotic diseases in pastoralist populations. | animal diseases and zoonoses abound among pastoralist livestock, which is composed of cattle, sheep, goats, yak, camels, llamas, reindeer, horses and donkeys. there is endemic and, periodically, epidemic transmission of highly contagious viral and bacterial diseases in africa, asia and latin america. pastoralist livestock is often multiparasitised with endo- and ectoparasites, as well as being affected by vectorborne viral and protozoal diseases. pastoral livestock can be a reservoir of such dis ... | 2016 | 27917989 |
| bluetongue in europe and the role of wildlife in the epidemiology of disease. | the article reviews a current bluetongue (bt) epidemiological situation in europe, bt restricted zones and the role of wild ungulates as a reservoir for bluetongue virus (btv) and its transmission. bt has been eradicated from central and northern europe, however it is still circulating in some regions of southern and south-eastern europe. according to the recent information of the directoriate general for health and consumer affairs (dg sanco) disease caused by btv1 was spreading at the beginnin ... | 2015 | 26172200 |
| screening of probiotic activities of lactobacilli strains isolated from traditional tibetan qula, a raw yak milk cheese. | in this study, 69 lactobacilli isolated from tibetan qula, a raw yak milk cheese, were screened for their potential use as probiotics. the isolates were tested in terms of: their ability to survive at ph 2.0, ph 3.0, and in the presence of 0.3% bile salts; tolerance of simulated gastric and intestinal juices; antimicrobial activity; sensitivity against 11 specific antibiotics; and their cell surface hydrophobicity. the results show that out of the 69 strains, 29 strains (42%) had survival rates ... | 2016 | 26954218 |
| cloning and expression of cold-inducible rna binding protein in domestic yak (bos grunniens). | cold-inducible rna binding protein (cirp) is over-expressed during cold and many other stresses, and could regulate the adaptation to hypothermia. in the present investigation, the objective was to determine the expression of cirp in adult yak heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, brain, ovary, testis and skin by relative quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr), western blot and immunohistochemistry from mrna and protein levels. the cirp open reading frame encoding was cloned fro ... | 2016 | 27830872 |
| comprehensive investigation of nucleotide diverdity in yaks. | to understand the maternal genetic diversity of tianzhu white yak better, we analyzed mtdna d-loop sequences of 209 tianzhu white yaks, which are from the central region of tianzhu white yak habitat. accordingly, a total of 45 haplotypes were identified in tianzhu white yaks in this study, and 18 of them were unique. the nucleotide diversity and haplotype diversity of population studied were 0.024 ± 0.003 and 0.946 ± 0.007 respectively, revealing that tianzhu white yak possess a relatively high ... | 2016 | 27435605 |
| isolation and characterization of a new enterovirus f in yak feces in the qinghai-tibetan plateau. | an enterovirus (ev) strain, designated as swun-ab001, was isolated in the qinghai-tibetan plateau from a yak with severe diarrheal disease. the complete genome of strain swun-ab001 was 7,382 bp in length and shared 35.1-68.5% nt identities with bovine evs belonging to a candidate new type ev-f7. using the sequence difference values in the vp1 gene as a criterion for demarcating a new serotype/genotype in the enterovirus genus, strain swun-ab001 had only a 71.1% nt and a 79.2% aa identity, in the ... | 2017 | 27783166 |
| the use of stereology method to estimate the volume of feto-maternal exchange area of the bovine placentome during gestation. | the functional surface areas of the feto-maternal unit of the bovine placentomes were quantified from day 100 to 260 of gestation by using stereology. this study was achieved using intact placentomes obtained from an abattoir. there was no change in volume and surface densities of binucleate cells, fetal trophoblast, fetal and maternal tissues, and maternal epithelium with gestation age, although the total volume of these components increased with gestation age from day 126 to 260. the total sur ... | 2016 | 27611886 |
| effects of starvation on lipid metabolism and gluconeogenesis in yak. | this research was conducted to investigate the physiological consequences of undernourished yak. twelve maiwa yak (110.3±5.85 kg) were randomly divided into two groups (baseline and starvation group). the yak of baseline group were slaughtered at day 0, while the other group of yak were kept in shed without feed but allowed free access to water, salt and free movement for 9 days. blood samples of the starvation group were collected on day 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9 and the starved yak were slaughtered ... | 2016 | 26954191 |
| shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli in yaks (bos grunniens) from the qinghai-tibetan plateau, china. | shiga toxin (stx)-producing escherichia coli (stec) are recognized as important human pathogens of public health concern. many animals are the sources of stec. in this study we determined the occurrence and characteristics of the stec in yaks (bos grunniens) from the qinghai-tibetan plateau, china. a total of 728 yak fecal samples was collected from june to august, 2012 and was screened for the presence of the stx 1 and stx 2 genes by taqman real-time pcr after the sample was enriched in modifie ... | 2013 | 23776496 |
| epizootic hemorrhagic disease in a yak. | epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) infection was diagnosed in a 3-year-old yak. the yak had signs of intermittent tremors, dysphagia, oral ulcerative lesions, hemorrhagic enteritis, tachypnea, and thrombocytopenia. postmortem diagnostics confirmed ehdv (serotype 2) using reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). gross and histopathological results were consistent with ehdv reported in other species. | 0 | 24688138 |
| effects of grazing and precipitation on herbage biomass, herbage nutritive value, and yak performance in an alpine meadow on the qinghai-tibetan plateau. | the qinghai-tibetan plateau is a very large land unit and an important terrestrial ecosystem within the eurasian continent. because of the harsh climate associated with the high altitude, alpine meadows on the plateau are susceptible to degradation from overgrazing. for this region, and for other alpine meadow pastures internationally, there is a need to define the sustainable stocking rate, to develop sound policy pertaining to future land use. here we report biomass and liveweight gain per ani ... | 2015 | 26039322 |
| first molecular survey and identification of anaplasma spp. in white yaks (bos grunniens) in china. | anaplasmosis is caused by a group of obligate intracellular bacteria in the genus anaplasma, which are transmitted by ticks and infect humans, domestic animals and wildlife. this study was conducted to determine the prevalence and molecular characterization of anaplasma spp. in semi-wild white yaks sampled in tianzhu tibetan autonomous county, northwest china. out of 332 samples tested, 35 (10·9%) were positive for anaplasma spp. the positive rates were 6·2% (20/322) and 5·3% (17/322) for anapla ... | 2016 | 27003378 |
| hepatitis e virus genotype 4 in yak, northwestern china. | | 2014 | 25419958 |
| therapeutic effects of lactobacillus casei qian treatment in activated carbon-induced constipated mice. | in the present study, the therapeutic effects of lactobacillus casei qian (lc-qian), the key microorganism in tibetan yak yoghurt, on activated carbon-induced constipation were determined in vivo. icr mice were treated with lc-qian for nine days by oral administration. the body weight, defecation status, gastrointestinal transit and defecation time of mice were assessed, and the serum levels of motilin (mtl), gastrin (gas), endothelin (et), somatostatin (ss), acetylcholinesterase (ache), substan ... | 2015 | 25955533 |
| isolation and identification of cultivable lactic acid bacteria in traditional yak milk products of gansu province in china. | various traditional fermented yak milk and raw milk foods could be considered as an abundant resource for obtaining novel lactic acid bacteria (lab) with unique properties. eighty-eight samples of yak milk products were collected from gansu province in china. three hundred and nineteen strains of lab isolated from these samples were identified by phenotypic methods, 16s rrna gene sequence analysis and pcr-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (pcr-dgge) technology. among the isolates, one hund ... | 2012 | 22688240 |
| a survey of the bacterial composition of kurut from tibet using a culture-independent approach. | kurut (fermented yak milk) made by natural fermentation is a very important dairy food for the local people in tibet (china). it is important to fully understand the bacterial composition of kurut for quality improvement and industrial production. because more than 99% of prokaryotes cannot be cultured and identified by methods currently used in taxonomy, we applied a culture-independent approach to explore the microbial biodiversity of this traditional food. in this study, a bacterial 16s rrna ... | 2012 | 22365190 |
| production and structural characterization of lactobacillus helveticus derived biosurfactant. | a probiotic strain of lactobacilli was isolated from traditional soft churpi cheese of yak milk and found positive for biosurfactant production. lactobacilli reduced the surface tension of phosphate buffer saline (pbs) from 72.0 to 39.5 mnm(-1) ph 7.2 and its critical micelle concentration (cmc) was found to be 2.5 mg ml(-1). low cost production of lactobacilli derived biosurfactant was carried out at lab scale fermenter which yields 0.8 mg ml(-1) biosurfactant. the biosurfactant was found least ... | 2014 | 25506070 |
| proteome analysis of lactobacillus helveticus h9 during growth in skim milk. | lactobacillus helveticus h9 was isolated from traditionally fermented yak milk in tibet (china) with the ability to produce the antihypertensive peptides val-pro-pro (vpp) and ile-pro-pro (ipp) during milk fermentation. to understand the changes in the protein expression of l. helveticus h9, proteome analysis was performed at 3 different growth stages, lag phase (ph 6.1), log phase (ph 5.1), and stationary phase (ph 4.5) using 2-dimensional electrophoresis (2-de). further analysis showed that 25 ... | 2014 | 25306273 |
| phylogeny of anaerobic fungi (phylum neocallimastigomycota), with contributions from yak in china. | the phylum neocallimastigomycota contains eight genera (about 20 species) of strictly anaerobic fungi. the evolutionary relationships of these genera are uncertain due to insufficient sequence data to infer their phylogenies. based on morphology and molecular phylogeny, thirteen isolates obtained from yak faeces and rumen digesta in china were assigned to neocallimastix frontalis (nine isolates), orpinomyces joyonii (two isolates) and caecomyces sp. (two isolates), respectively. the phylogenetic ... | 2017 | 27734254 |
| fiber degradation potential of natural co-cultures of neocallimastix frontalis and methanobrevibacter ruminantium isolated from yaks (bos grunniens) grazing on the qinghai tibetan plateau. | several natural anaerobic fungus-methanogen co-cultures have been isolated from rumen and feces source of herbivores with strong fiber degrading ability. in this study, we isolated 7 neocallimastix with methanogen co-cultures from the rumen of yaks grazing on the qinghai tibetan plateau. based on morphological characteristics and internal transcribed spacer 1 sequences (its1), all the fungi were identified as neocallimastix frontalis. the co-cultures were confirmed as the one fungus - one methan ... | 2016 | 26979345 |
| isolation, identification and fibrolytic characteristics of rumen fungi grown with indigenous methanogen from yaks (bos grunniens) grazing on the qinghai-tibetan plateau. | to obtain co-cultures of anaerobic fungi and their indigenously associated methanogens from the rumen of yaks grazing on the qinghai-tibetan plateau and investigate their morphology features and ability to degrade lignocellulose. | 2016 | 26910857 |