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expression profiling of various genes during the fruit development and ripening of mango.mango (mangifera indica l. cv. alphonso) development and ripening are the programmed processes; conventional indices and volatile markers help to determine agronomically important stages of fruit life (fruit-setting, harvesting maturity and ripening climacteric). however, more and precise markers are required to understand this programming; apparently, fruit's transcriptome can be a good source of such markers. therefore, we isolated 18 genes related to the physiology and biochemistry of the fru ...201020363641
analysis of sterol and other components present in unsaponifiable matters of mahua, sal and mango kernel oil.the amount and characterization of phytosterol and other minor components present in three indian minor seed oils, mahua (madhuca latifolia), sal (shorea robusta) and mango kernel (mangifera indica), have been done. theses oils have shown commercial importance as cocoa-butter substitutes because of their high symmetrical triglycerides content. the conventional thin layer chromatography (tlc), gas chromatography (gc) & gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (gc-ms) techniques were used to character ...201020299763
relationship between photochemical efficiency of photosystem ii and the photochemical reflectance index of mango tree: merging data from different illuminations, seasons and leaf colors.in order to elucidate the effects of chlorophyll concentration and seasonal temperature on the relationship between photosystem ii (psii) efficiency and the photochemical reflectance index (pri) of leaves under different light intensity, mango (mangifera indica), a low-temperature-sensitive species, was used for the study. from early winter to summer, we selected several days to measure chlorophyll fluorescence and leaf spectral reflectance of mango leaves with dark green to yellow green colors, ...201020233840
anticarcinogenic effects of polyphenolics from mango (mangifera indica) varieties.many polyphenolics contained in mango have shown anticancer activity. the objective of this study was to compare the anticancer properties of polyphenolic extracts from several mango varieties (francis, kent, ataulfo, tommy atkins, and haden) in cancer cell lines, including molt-4 leukemia, a-549 lung, mda-mb-231 breast, lncap prostate, and sw-480 colon cancer cells and the noncancer colon cell line ccd-18co. cell lines were incubated with ataulfo and haden extracts, selected on the basis of the ...201020205391
development, validation and application of a methodology based on solid-phase micro extraction followed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (spme/gc-ms) for the determination of pesticide residues in mangoes.a method was developed for the simultaneous analysis of 14 pesticide residues (clofentezine, carbofuran, diazinon, methyl parathion, malathion, fenthion, thiabendazole, imazalil, bifenthrin, permethrin, prochloraz, pyraclostrobin, difenoconazole and azoxystrobin) in mango fruit, based on solid-phase micro extraction (spme) coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms). different parameters of the method were evaluated, such as fiber type, extraction mode (direct immersion and headspace ...201020188930
over-expression of mango (mangifera indica l.) miarf2 inhibits root and hypocotyl growth of arabidopsis.an auxin response factor 2 gene, miarf2, was cloned in our previous study [1] from the cotyledon section of mango (mangifera indica l. cv. zihua) during adventitious root formation, which shares an 84% amino acid sequence similarity to arabidopsis arf2. this study was to examine the effects of over-expression of the full-length miarf2 open reading frame on the root and hypocotyl growth in arabidopsis. phenotype analysis showed that the t(3) transgenic lines had about 20-30% reduction in the leng ...201120182802
air pollution induced changes in the photosynthetic pigments of selected plant species.changes in the concentration of different photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll and carotenoids) were determined in the leaves of six tree species exposed to air pollution due to vehicular emissions. the six tree species, which are all economically important because of their being fruit bearers, used for timber fodder and as road side trees on the basis of their air pollution tolerance index. these included mangifera indica l., tectona grandis linn.f , shorea robusta gaertn.f., holoptelea integri ...200920121034
ich guidance in practice: validated reversed-phase hplc method for the determination of active mangiferin from extracts of mangifera indica linn.this study presents the development and validation of a reversed-phase liquid chromatographic method for the determination of mangiferin (mgn) in alcoholic extracts of mangifera indica. a lichrospher 100 c(18)-ods (250 x 4.6 mm, 5 microm size) (merck, whitehouse station, nj) prepacked column and a mobile phase of potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate (0.01m) ph 2.7 +/- 0.2-acetonitrile (15:85, v/v) with the flow rate of 1 ml/min was used. mgn detection was achieved at a wavelength monitored at 254 ...201020109296
quality parameters of mango and potential of non-destructive techniques for their measurement - a review.the king of fruits "mango" (mangifera indica l.) is very nutritious and rich in carotenes. india produces about 50% of the total world's mango. many researchers have reported the maturity indices and quality parameters for determination of harvesting time and eating quality. the methods currently used for determination of quality of mango are mostly based on the biochemical analysis, which leads to destruction of the fruits. numerous works are being carried out to explore some non-destructive me ...201023572595
mangifera indica (mango).mangifera indica, commonly used herb in ayurvedic medicine. although review articles on this plant are already published, but this review article is presented to compile all the updated information on its phytochemical and pharmacological activities, which were performed widely by different methods. studies indicate mango possesses antidiabetic, anti-oxidant, anti-viral, cardiotonic, hypotensive, anti-inflammatory properties. various effects like antibacterial, anti fungal, anthelmintic, anti pa ...201022228940
3beta-taraxerol of mangifera indica, a pi3k dependent dual activator of glucose transport and glycogen synthesis in 3t3-l1 adipocytes.the present study focuses on identifying and developing an anti-diabetic molecule from plant sources that would effectively combat insulin resistance through proper channeling of glucose metabolism involving glucose transport and storage.201020026188
influences of harvest date and location on the levels of beta-carotene, ascorbic acid, total phenols, the in vitro antioxidant capacity, and phenolic profiles of five commercial varieties of mango (mangifera indica l.).mango (mangifera indica l.) is a tropical fruit grown worldwide with excellent nutritional value and widely attributed health-promoting properties. extensive studies have been made of the high concentrations of phenolic antioxidants in mango peels, seeds, and leaves, yet less is known about the phenolic antioxidants of mango fruit pulp. five varieties of mangoes from four countries were evaluated with multiple harvests over 1 year to compare the beta-carotene, ascorbic acid, and total phenolic c ...200919919121
effect of osmotic dehydration and vacuum-frying parameters to produce high-quality mango chips.mango (mangifera indica l.) is a fruit rich in flavor and nutritional values, which is an excellent candidate for producing chips. the objective of this study was to develop high-quality mango chips using vacuum frying. mango ("tommy atkins") slices were pretreated with different maltodextrin concentrations (40, 50, and 65, w/v), osmotic dehydration times (45, 60, and 70 min), and solution temperatures (22 and 40 degrees c). pretreated slices were vacuum fried at 120, 130, and 138 degrees c and ...200919895464
potential contribution of mangoes to reduction of vitamin a deficiency in kenya.the β-carotene content of fresh and dried mangoes commonly consumed in kenya was evaluated and converted to retinol equivalent (re). mango fruits of varieties ngowe, apple, and tommy atkins were harvested at mature green, partially ripe, and ripe stages and their β-carotene content analyzed. the stability of β-carotene in sun dried mangoes was also studied over 6 months under usual marketing conditions used in kenya. the effect of using simple pretreatment methods prior to drying of mango slices ...201321883054
mango, mangifera indica. 200919558000
quality index, consumer acceptability, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant activity of fresh-cut "ataulfo" mangoes (mangifera indica l.) as affected by low-temperature storage.to measure bioactive compound losses due to minimal processing, mature green fresh-cut mangoes (mangifera indica l.) cv. "ataulfo" were subjected to an antioxidant treatment and stored at 5 degrees c during 15 d. quality index, total phenols, flavonoids, beta-carotene, ascorbic acid, vitamin e, and antioxidant activity were measured during the storage period of fruits. antioxidant capacity was estimated using orac(fl), teac, and dpph assays. the dipping treatments with ascorbic acid (aa) + citri ...200919397733
long-term drought results in a reversible decline in photosynthetic capacity in mango leaves, not just a decrease in stomatal conductance.the negative effects of drought on plant growth, development of natural plant communities and crop productivity are well established, but some of the responses remain poorly characterized, particularly the effect of long-term drought on photosynthetic capacity. we hypothesized that long-term drought results in a decline in leaf photosynthetic capacity, and not just a decrease in diffusive conductance. to test this hypothesis, we studied the effect of drought, slowly developed over 3.5 months, in ...200919324697
cytoprotective and antigenotoxic potential of mangiferin, a glucosylxanthone against cadmium chloride induced toxicity in hepg2 cells.mangiferin (mgn), a glucosylxanthone present in large amounts in the leaves and edible mango fruits of mangifera indica. here, we report about mgn's potential for mitigating cadmium chloride (cdcl(2)) induced cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in hepg2 cells growing in vitro. the cytoprotective potential was assessed by mtt, clonogenic and apoptotic assays, while antigenotoxic effect by micronucleus and comet assay. the established cytotoxic and genotoxic effects were well indicated after cdcl(2) t ...200919138720
molecular docking studies and anti-tyrosinase activity of thai mango seed kernel extract.the alcoholic extract from seed kernels of thai mango (mangifera indica l. cv. 'fahlun') (anacardiaceae) and its major phenolic principle (pentagalloylglucopyranose) exhibited potent, dose-dependent inhibitory effects on tyrosinase with respect to l-dopa. molecular docking studies revealed that the binding orientations of the phenolic principles were in the tyrosinase binding pocket and their orientations were located in the hydrophobic binding pocket surrounding the binuclear copper active site ...200919136913
identification of a 27 kda protein in patients with anaphylactic reactions to mango.mango fruit has become increasingly popular in recent years. we report on 2 patients who developed anaphylactic reactions after the ingestion of fresh mango. allergy to mango was confirmed by a positive skin prick test result and positive cellular allergen stimulation test results. neither of the patients had detectable mango-specific immunoglobulin (ig) e levels. results were validated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis immunoblotting and analyzed using quantiscan.we i ...200819123442
molecular recognition of plant dna: does it differ from conventional animal dna?the recognition mechanism of dna with small drugs/ligands is an important field of research from pharmacological point of view. such studies are ample with dnas extracted from animal cells, but are rare for those extracted from plant cells. however, such a study is strongly demanding for the formulation of pesticides and other agrochemicals. in this contribution, for the first time, we report the interaction of two well-known dna binder ethidium bromide (eb) and hoechst 33258 (h33258) with two g ...200919059281
purification and characterisation of multiple forms of polygalacturonase from mango (mangifera indica cv. dashehari) fruit.three multiple forms of polygalacturonase (pg) namely pgi, pgii and pgiii were isolated, purified and characterized from ripe mango (mangifera indica cv. dashehari) fruit. native molecular weights of pgi, pgii and pgiii were found to be 120, 105 and 65kda, respectively. on sds-page analysis, pgi was found to be a homodimer of subunit size 60kda each while those of pgii and pgiii were found to be heterodimers of 70, 35 and 38, 27kda subunit size each, respectively. three isoforms of pg differed w ...200826047433
study of the effect of 'ataulfo' mango (mangifera indica l.) intake on mammary carcinogenesis and antioxidant capacity in plasma of n-methyl-n-nitrosourea (mnu)-treated rats.the effect of 'ataulfo' mango consumption on chemically induced mammary carcinogenesis and plasma antioxidant capacity in rats treated with n-methyl-n-nitrosourea (mnu) was studied. mango was administered in the drinking water (0.02-0.06g/ml) during both short-term and long-term (lt) periods to rats treated or not with mnu. rats treated with mnu showed no differences in mammary carcinogenesis or in plasma antioxidant capacity measured by both ferric reducing/antioxidant power (frap) and total ox ...200826047428
impact of postharvest disease control methods and cold storage on volatiles, color development and fruit quality in ripe 'kensington pride' mangoes.postharvest diseases of mango fruit (mangifera indica l.) cause economic losses during storage and can be controlled by chemical, physical, or biological methods. this study investigated the effects of different physical and/or chemical disease control methods on production of volatiles, color development and other quality parameters in ripe 'kensington pride' mango fruit. hard mature green mango fruit were harvested from an orchard located at carnavon, western australia. the fruit were heat-con ...200818954074
interpreting the decrease in leaf photosynthesis during flowering in mango.little is known about the effect of flowering on leaf photosynthesis. to understand why net photosynthesis (a(net)) is lower in mangifera indica l. leaves close to inflorescences than in leaves on vegetative shoots, we measured nitrogen and carbohydrate concentrations, chlorophyll a fluorescence and gas exchange in recently matured leaves on vegetative terminals and on floral terminals of 4-year-old trees. we used models to estimate photosynthetic electron fluxes and mesophyll conductance (g(m)) ...200818450567
determination of pesticide residues in ipm and non-ipm samples of mango (mangifera indica).studies were conducted to analyze the residue of commonly used pesticides viz. methyl parathion, chloropyrifos, endosulfan, cypermethrin, fenvalerate, carbendazim, imidacloprid and carbaryl in mango, dashehari variety, integrated pest management (ipm) and non-ipm samples were collected from the ipm and non-ipm orchards, lucknow, india. we also present a method for the simultaneous determination of these pesticides in mango samples. residues of methyl parathion, chloropyriphos, endosulfan, cyperm ...200818437617
hydraulic and mechanical stem properties affect leaf-stem allometry in mango cultivars.leaf size-stem size allometric relationships are important features of biomass allocation in plants and are affected by biological functions linking the two organs. they have been studied at specific and supraspecific levels, but not at the infraspecific level. it was hypothesized that allometric relationships link leaf size and stem size at the cultivar level, and are cultivar-specific in relation to distinctive functional stem traits: hydraulic conductivity and mechanical strength. allometric ...200818266618
extensive screening for edible herbal extracts with potent scavenging activity against superoxide anions.to search for edible herbal extracts with potent antioxidant activity, we conducted a large scale screening based on the superoxide scavenging activity. that is, scavenging activity against superoxide anions were extensively screened from ethanol extracts of approximately 1,000 kinds of herbs by applying an electron spin resonance (esr)-spin trapping method. among them we chose four edible herbal extracts with prominently potent ability to reduce the signal intensity of 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline- ...200818236159
anti-inflammatory 5-(11'z-heptadecenyl)- and 5-(8'z,11'z-heptadecadienyl)-resorcinols from mango (mangifera indica l.) peels.bioassay directed extraction and purification of mango peels revealed the 5-(11'z-heptadecenyl)-resorcinol (1) and the known 5-(8'z,11'z-heptadecadienyl)-resorcinol (2) previously not described in mangifera indica l. the structures of both compounds were determined by extensive 1d and 2d nmr studies and ms. both compounds exhibited potent cyclooxygenase (cox)-1 and cox-2 inhibitory activity with ic(50) values ranging from 1.9 (2) to 3.5 microm (1) and from 3.5 (2) to 4.4 (1) microm, respectively ...200818155258
herbal medicines used in the treatment of malaria in budiope county, uganda.this study was conducted to document herbal medicines (hms) used in the treatment of malaria as well as the existing knowledge, attitudes and practices related to malaria recognition, control and treatment in budiope county, uganda.200818054454
anaphylaxis following ingestion of mango fruit.allergic reactions to fresh fruits and nuts have become increasingly common. mango (mangifera indica) is a popular fruit eaten all over the world. we report the case of a 43-year-old woman who experienced oropharyngeal itching, swelling of the face and other parts of the body, and difficulty breathing within a few minutes of eating ripe mango fruit. the woman had no history of pollen or latex allergy. however, she reported instances of milder food allergic reactions to indian dill and cashew app ...200717982928
effect of exogenous ethylene on acc content and acc oxidase activity during ripening of manila mangoes subjected to hot water treatment.mangoes (mangifera indica l.) 'manila' were subjected to the usda-approved hot water treatment and then exposed to synthetic air mixtures containing 0.5, 0.75 or 1 ml l(-1) of ethylene for 6, 12 or 18 h at 25 degrees c, to induce accelerated ripening. after treatment the mangoes were allowed to ripen in air at 24-25 degrees c. the content of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (acc) and acc oxidase (aco) activity increased in fruit treated with 0.5 and 0.75 ml l(-1) of ethylene for 6 or 12 h. ...200717906930
extraction of multi-class pesticide residues in mango fruits (mangiferae indica l.): application of pesticide residues in monitoring of mangoes. 200717618379
electron-beam ionizing radiation stress effects on mango fruit (mangifera indica l.) antioxidant constituents before and during postharvest storage.the effect of electron-beam ionizing radiation stress and storage on mango fruit antioxidant compounds was evaluated in a dose range of 1-3.1 kgy. phenolic high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) profiles were not affected right after the irradiation process; however, an increase in flavonol constituents was observed after 18 days in storage (3.1 kgy). total phenolics by the folin ciocalteu method and antioxidant capacity (orac) were not affected, while reduced ascorbic acid decreased appr ...200717602495
organochlorine pesticides and metabolites in young leaves of mangifera indica from sites near a point source in coast region, tanzania.young leaves of mangifera indica (mango tree) from nine sites were used as bioindicators of local atmospheric contamination by organochlorine pesticides and metabolites from a point source, an old storage site at vikuge farm in tanzania. sample extracts were analysed by gc-ecd and gc-ms. the concentrations ranged 2.7-649 ng g(-1)p,p'-ddt, below detection limit (bdl)-290 ng g(-1) o,p'-ddt, 0.4-13 ng g(-1) p,p'-dde, bdl to 4 ng g(-1) o,p'-dde, 1-231 ng g(-1) p,p'-ddd and 0.5-55 ng g(-1) o,p'-ddd. ...200717395245
characterization of major and minor alk(en)ylresorcinols from mango (mangifera indica l.) peels by high-performance liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry.5-alkyl- and 5-alkenylresorcinols, as well as their hydroxylated derivatives, were extracted from mango (mangifera indica l.) peels, purified on polyamide and characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (hplc/apci-ms) for the first time. among the 15 compounds analyzed, 3 major and 12 minor c(15)-, c(17)-, and c(19)-substituted resorcinols and related analogues, showing varying degrees of unsaturation, were characterized by t ...200717295361
(z)-11-hexadecenal and (3z,6z,9z)-tricosatriene: sex pheromone components of the red banded mango caterpillar deanolis sublimbalis.the sex pheromone of the red banded mango caterpillar, deanolis sublimbalis (lepidoptera: crambidae), a serious pest of the mango mangifera indica (anacardiaceae) in india and southeast asia and a recent invader into northern australia, has been identified. three candidate compounds were identified from pheromone gland extracts of female moths, using gas chromatography (gc), gc-electroantennographic detection and gc-mass spectrometric analyses, in conjunction with dimethyldisulfide derivatizatio ...200717265177
an analysis of elastic and plastic fruit growth of mango in response to various assimilate supplies.changes in elastic and plastic components of mango (mangifera indica l. cv 'cogshall') fruit growth were analyzed with a model of fruit growth over time and in response to various assimilate supplies. the model is based on water relations (water potential and osmotic and turgor pressures) at the fruit level. variation in elastic fruit growth was modeled as a function of the elastic modulus and variation in turgor pressure. variation in plastic fruit growth was modeled using the lockhart (1965) e ...200717241964
pesticide bioconcentration modelling for fruit trees.the model presented allows simulating the pesticide concentration evolution in fruit trees and estimating the pesticide bioconcentration factor in fruits. pesticides are non-ionic organic compounds that are degraded in soils cropped with woody species, fruit trees and other perennials. the model allows estimating the pesticide uptake by plants through the water transpiration stream and also the time in which maximum pesticide concentration occur in the fruits. the equation proposed presents the ...200717092536
induction and cryopreservation of embryogenic cultures from nucelli and immature cotyledon cuts of mango (mangifera indica l. var zihua).in this paper, we described the direct somatic embryogenesis from both immature cotyledon cuts and nucelli in the same mango cultivar (mangifera indica l. var zihua), studied the effect of growth conditions of embryogenic cultures (ems) on cryopreservation and compared the cryopreservation response of ems induced from these two different explants. histological studies demonstrated that ems derived from nucelli could be induced directly from epidermal cells of both sides of nucelli, whereas ems d ...200716972094
chromoplast morphology and beta-carotene accumulation during postharvest ripening of mango cv. 'tommy atkins'.accumulation of beta-carotene and trans-cis isomerization of ripening mango mesocarp were investigated as to concomitant ultrastructural changes. proceeding postharvest ripening was shown by relevant starch degradation, tissue softening, and a rising sugar/acid ratio, resulting in a linear decrease (r (2) = 0.89) of a ripening index (rpi(ks)) with increasing ripening time. a modest accumulation of all-trans-beta-carotene and its cis isomers resulted in a slight pigmentation of the mango chromopl ...200616881676
effects of a natural extract from mangifera indica l, and its active compound, mangiferin, on energy state and lipid peroxidation of red blood cells.following oxidative stress, modifications of several biologically important macromolecules have been demonstrated. in this study we investigated the effect of a natural extract from mangifera indica l (vimang), its main ingredient mangiferin and epigallocatechin gallate (egcg) on energy metabolism, energy state and malondialdehyde (mda) production in a red blood cell system. analysis of mda, high energy phosphates and ascorbate was carried out by high performance liquid chromatography (hplc). un ...200616860486
mangifera indica l. extract protects t cells from activation-induced cell death.the aqueous stem bark extract of mangifera indica l. (vimang) has been reported to have antioxidant properties. aids is characterized by up-regulation of cd95 ligand (cd95l) expression and enhancement of activation-induced cell death (aicd). recent studies demonstrate oxidative signals combined with simultaneous calcium (ca(2+)) influx into the cytosol are required for induction of cd95l expression. in this study we show that m. indica extract attenuated anti-cd3-induced accumulation of reactive ...200616846844
neoplastic transformation of balb/3t3 cells and cell cycle of hl-60 cells are inhibited by mango (mangifera indica l.) juice and mango juice extracts.the mango, mangifera indica l., is a fruit with high levels of phytochemicals, suggesting that it might have chemopreventative properties. in this study, whole mango juice and juice extracts were screened for antioxidant and anticancer activity. antioxidant activity of the mango juice and juice extracts was measured by 3 standard in vitro methods. the results of the 3 methods were in general agreement, although different radicals were measured in each. anticancer activity was measured by examini ...200616614420
comment on volatile components from mango (mangifera indica l.) cultivars. 200516218696
capillary electrophoresis analysis of mangiferin extracted from mangifera indica l. bark and mangifera persiciformis c.y. wu et t.l. ming leaves.the flavonoid compound mangiferin is found in the leaves, stem bark, fruit peels and root of mangifera indica l. and in many other herbal species with many potential pharmacological properties. we have established an analytical method of mangiferin extracted from m. indica l. bark and mangifera persiciformis c.y. wu et t.l. ming leaves utilizing cze. an electrolytic buffer containing 0.05 m borate buffer, ph 7.4 with methanol (1:0.3, v/v) was deemed suitable for mangiferin analysis. an ideal man ...200516172028
[identification of an auxin response factor-like protein cdna from mango cotyledon section].auxin-responsive elements (auxre) interact with a new class of plant-specific transcription factors, auxin response factors (arfs). some of arfs have been shown to repress or activate expression of genes with an auxre promotor element. in arabidopsis, arfs play important roles in early embryo development and vascular strand formation (arf5), floral patterning (arf3) and photo- and gravitropic responses (arf7). two cut surfaces (distal and proximal) of mango (mangifera indica l. var. zi-hua) coty ...200416108491
an aqueous stem bark extract of mangifera indica (vimang) inhibits t cell proliferation and tnf-induced activation of nuclear transcription factor nf-kappab.a commercial aqueous stem bark extract of mangifera indica l. (vimang) has been reported to have antiinflammatory, immunomodulatory and antioxidant activities. the molecular basis for these diverse properties is still unknown. this study shows that a stem bark extract of m. indica inhibits early and late events in t cell activation, including cd25 cell surface expression, progression to the s-phase of the cell cycle and proliferation in response to t cell receptor (tcr) stimulation. moreover, th ...200515934029
uptake of soil applied paclobutrazol in mango (mangifera indica l.) and its persistence in fruit and soil.paclobutrazol is a plant growth regulator that is used to counter alternate bearing habit of mango (mangifera indica l.). the uptake and persistence of paclobutrazol residues in mango fruits and soil respectively, was studied following its application at tree basin soil @5 and 10 g a.i. per tree for three consecutive years. residues of paclobutrazol were found in unripe mango fruits at levels below permissible level while the same was generally not detected in fully mature mango fruits ready for ...200515914235
isolation and partial characterization of mango (magnifera indica l.) starch: morphological, physicochemical and functional studies.mango (mangifera indica) is a fruit that grows in tropical regions. the aim of this work was to isolate the starch from two varieties of mango highly consumed in mexico ("criollo" and "manila"), and to evaluate its chemical composition, along with some morphological, physicochemical and functional properties. mango starch had an amylose content of about 13%, the fat content of "criollo" variety starch (0.1-0.12%), was similar to that of commercial corn starch used as control (0.2%); both mango s ...200515898353
physico-chemical and pharmacognostic investigation of fruit pulp of mangifera indica linn.fruit pulp of mangifera indica linn. is an important ayurvedic medicine which is useful in gastric disorders, dyspepsia, loss of appetite, urine incontinence, uterine diseases, heat apoplexy, pharyngitis, ulcer, dysentery, sun stroke etc. the present study for the first time attempts to investigate physico-chemical and pharmacognostic properties as per who guidelines of this drug. detailed account of physico-chemical and microscopic analysis have been given in the paper.200522557178
volatile components from mango (mangifera indica l.) cultivars.the volatile components of 20 mango cultivars were investigated by means of simultaneous distillation-extraction, gc, and gc-ms. three hundred and seventy-two compounds were identified, of which 180 were found for the first time in mango fruit. the total concentration of volatiles was approximately 18-123 mg/kg of fresh fruit. terpene hydrocarbons were the major volatiles of all cultivars, the dominant terpenes being delta-3-carene (cvs. haden, manga amarilla, macho, manga blanca, san diego, man ...200515769159
modeling effects of weather and source-sink relationships on mango fruit growth.we modeled the effects of weather and source-sink factors on mango fruit growth. the peach fruit-growth model "cashoo" was adapted for mango fruit. the model accounts for the main processes of fruit growth, i.e., leaf photosynthesis, fruit demand, fruit respiration, and storage and mobilization of leaf and stem reserves. simulations for three successive years and for various leaf-to-fruit ratio treatments showed good agreement with observed fruit growth data. simulations of fruit growth under di ...200515741151
screening of mango (mangifera indica l.) cultivars for their contents of flavonol o- and xanthone c-glycosides, anthocyanins, and pectin.with respect to their browning potential and in consideration of a combined recovery of pectin and phenolic compounds, peels of 14 cultivars and the flesh of nine cultivars of mango (mangifera indica l.) fruits were analyzed for their contents of flavonol o- and xanthone c-glycosides by high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc)-diode array detection-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (esi-ms). while total amounts of up to 4860 mg/kg dry matter demonstrated the peels to be a rich sourc ...200515740041
composting-vermicomposting of leaf litter ensuing from the trees of mango (mangifera indica).litter of the mango (mangifera indica) tree leaves was composted and then converted into vermicast by the action of the earthworm eudrilus eugeniae kinberg. after over nine months of continuous operation the vermireactors with 62.5 animals l(-1) generated approximately 13.6g vermicast per litre of reactor volume (l) per day (d) whereas the reactors with 75 animals l(-1) produced approximately 14.9 g vermicast l(-1) d(-1). this difference in performance of the reactors operating in duplicate at t ...200515668202
improved liquid chromatographic method for determination of carotenoids in taiwanese mango (mangifera indica l.).an hplc method was developed to determine the various carotenoids in taiwanese mango (mangifera indica l.). initially, the peel and seed of mangoes were removed, the pulps were cut into pieces, freeze-dried, ground into powder, extracted and subjected to hplc analysis. a mobile phase of methanol-isopropanol (99:1, v/v) (a) and methylene chloride (100%) (b) with the following gradient elution was developed: 100% a and 0% b in the beginning, maintained for 15 min, decreased to 70% a in 45 min, mai ...200415553152
alterations in fruit and vegetable beta-carotene and vitamin c content caused by open-sun drying, visqueen-covered and polyethylene-covered solar-dryers.this study investigated the effects of three drying methods (open sun drying, visqueen-covered solar dryer and polyethylene-covered solar dryer) on b-carotene and vitamin c content of edible portions of mango fruit (mangifera indica) and cowpea leaves (vigna unguiculata). commercial samples were analysed for vitamin c by titrimetry and b-carotene by spectrophotometry at 450 nm. differences in vitamin retention and loss associated with the three drying methods were assessed by analysis of varianc ...200415477192
characterization of gallotannins and benzophenone derivatives from mango (mangifera indica l. cv. 'tommy atkins') peels, pulp and kernels by high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.polyphenolics were extracted from peels, pulp and kernels of mango fruits (mangifera indica l. cv. 'tommy atkins') and characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. in the peel 18 gallotannins and five benzophenone derivatives were detected which were tentatively identified as galloylated maclurin and iriflophenone glucosides. twenty-one and eight gallotannins were found in the kernels and pulp, respectively, whereas no evidence for the presen ...200415384138
in vitro control of fasciation in proliferating nucellar embryos of mangifera indica l. var totapari red small for cloning.nucellar tissue contained in ovular halves of young fruits of mangifera indica l. totapari red small, a dwarfing rootstock, differentiated fasciated embryonal structures in presence of 6-benzylaminopurine [bap(0.15 mg l(-1))], 6-(gamma-gamma-dimethylallylamino) purine [2ip(0.15 mg l(-1))] and indole-3-acetic acid [(iaa(0.5 mg l(-1))] incorporated in the semisolid medium during 50-60 days. due to embryonal fasciation, hardly 2-3 well-formed embryos could be obtained per culture of proliferating e ...200315332503
effect of fruit load and girdling on leaf photosynthesis in mangifera indica l.leaf nitrogen concentration (nm), mass-to-area ratio, amount of nitrogen per unit leaf area (na), non-structural carbohydrate concentration (tnca), maximal rate of carboxylation (vcmax), light-saturated rate of photosynthetic electron transport (jmax), dark respiration (rd), net photosynthetic assimilation (anet), quantum yield of photosystem ii (phipsii), and intercellular co2 concentration (ci) were measured in mangifera indica l. leaves on three types of fruit-bearing branches (non-girdled, n ...200415310823
an anacardiaceae preparation reduces the expression of inflammation-related genes in murine macrophages.this study investigated the effects of an aqueous extract of the stem bark of mangifera indica l. (anacardiaceae; vimang), which contains a defined mixture of components including polyphenols (principally mangiferin, ma), triterpenes, phytosteroids, fatty acids and microelements, on expression of inflammation mediators in inflammatory murine macrophages after stimulation in vitro with lipopolysaccharide (lps) and interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma). in vitro treatment with vimang at 4 microg/ml reduced ...200415222974
effect of technological processing on the allergenicity of mangoes (mangifera indica l.).in parallel with the rising popularity of exotic fruits in europe, allergy against mango is of increasing importance. because mangoes are also consumed as processed products such as chutneys or beverages, the influences of different process conditions on their allergenicity were investigated. mango purees and nectars were manufactured at small pilot-plant scale, and the allergenic potencies of the resulting intermediate and final products were determined by means of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyac ...200415186120
protection against septic shock and suppression of tumor necrosis factor alpha and nitric oxide production on macrophages and microglia by a standard aqueous extract of mangifera indica l. (vimang). role of mangiferin isolated from the extract.the present study illustrates the effects of a standard aqueous extract, used in cuba under the brand name of vimang, from the stem bark of mangifera indica l. on the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnfalpha) and nitric oxide (no) in in vivo and in vitro experiments. in vivo was determined by the action of the extract and its purified glucosylxanthone (mangiferin) on tnfalpha in a murine model of endotoxic shock using balb/c mice pre-treated with lipopolysaccharide (lps) 0.125 mg kg(- ...200415177305
fruit antioxidant activity, ascorbic acid, total phenol, quercetin, and carotene of irwin mango fruits stored at low temperature after high electric field pretreatment.greenhouse-grown tree ripe (tr) and mature green (mg) mangoes (cv. irwin) were exposed to high electric field treatment before 20 and 30 days of storage at 5 degrees c. mg fruits were allowed to ripen at room temperature after low-temperature storage. fruit physical quality attributes, ascorbic acid, carotene, quercetin, total phenols, and antioxidant capacity were estimated before and after the storage period. antioxidant capacity of fruit juice was estimated using the ferric reducing antioxida ...200414995134
characterization of phenolic compounds in some indian mango cultivars.mangoes (mangifera indica) are rich in phenolic acids as detected by high-performance liquid chromatography. the phenolics have prominent medicinal properties. among six important commercial mango cultivars (deshi, langra, chausa, mallika, dashahari and amrapali) tannic acid was maximal in mallika, while gallic acid was maximal in chausa and all other varieties. caffeic acid was maximal in langra followed by chausa and amrapali. many of the pharmacological properties attributed to mango might be ...200414985189
quantitative determination of beta-carotene stereoisomers in fresh, dried, and solar-dried mangoes (mangifera indica l.).a rapid method for quantitative determination of beta-carotene, including cis-isomers, in dried mango has been developed. applicability of available methods to dried products was limited because of formation of artifacts caused by extraction and preparation. the analytical procedure was based on the extraction of carotenoids from dried mango mesocarp using a mixture of methanol and acetone/hexane, allowing the separation of disturbing fibers. no saponification was required. furthermore, caroteno ...200314705872
cryopreservation of mango (mangifera indica l.) embryogenic cultures.three techniques were compared for cryopreserving embryogenic masses (ems) sampled from mango (mangifera indica l.) cv. zihua embryogenic cultures: (i) encapsulation/dehydration; (ii) pregrowth/dehydration; and (iii) vitrification. in all experiments, ems were sampled from embryogenic cultures during their exponential growth phase and pretreated for 24 h on solid medium containing 0.5 m sucrose before freezing. no recovery was achieved after cryopreservation using the encapsulation/dehydration t ...200414566390
detection of unusual carotenoid esters in fresh mango (mangifera indica l. cv. 'kent').the carotenoid pattern of mango cv. 'kent' was investigated by lc-(apci)ms analyses. in solvent extracts from the mesocarp an unusual carotenoid ester was identified as violaxanthin dibutyrate. for unequivocal identification of butyric acid by an independent method, total lipids were isolated by solvent extraction from the fruit flesh and analyzed by gc after saponification and subsequent methylation. thus, evidence of butyric acid (1.6 area%) was provided. to the best of our knowledge, this is ...200314559275
identification of flavonol and xanthone glycosides from mango (mangifera indica l. cv. "tommy atkins") peels by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.flavonol o- and xanthone c-glycosides were extracted from mango (mangifera indica l. cv. "tommy atkins") peels and characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. among the fourteen compounds analyzed, seven quercetin o-glycosides, one kaempferol o-glycoside, and four xanthone c-glycosides were found. on the basis of their fragmentation pattern, the latter were identified as mangiferin and isomangiferin and their respective galloyl derivatives. ...200312903961
spatial variations in xylem sap flux density in the trunk of orchard-grown, mature mango trees under changing soil water conditions.circumferential and radial variations in xylem sap flux density in trunks of 13-year-old mango (mangifera indica l.) trees were investigated with granier sap flow sensor probes under limiting and non-limiting soil water conditions. under non-limiting soil water conditions, circumferential variation was substantial, but there was no apparent relationship between sap flux density and aspect (i.e., the radial position of the sensor probes on the trunk relative to the compass). hourly sap flux densi ...200012651518
a biochemical model of photosynthesis for mango leaves: evidence for the effect of fruit on photosynthetic capacity of nearby leaves.variations in leaf nitrogen concentration per unit mass (nm) and per unit area (na), mass-to-area ratio (ma), total nonstructural carbohydrates (ta), and photosynthetic capacity (maximum carboxylation rate, electron transport capacity, rate of phosphate release in triose phosphate utilization and dark respiration rate) were studied within the digitized crowns of two 3-year-old mango trees (mangifera indica l.) on la réunion island. additional measurements of nm, na, ma, ta and photosynthetic cap ...200312615544
structural and rheological properties of polysaccharides from mango (mangifera indica l.) pulp.the structure and rheological properties of water-soluble polysaccharides from industrialized mango pulp were investigated. soluble fraction (sf) 2 was heterogeneous on high performance size exclusion chromatography, giving two peaks as determined by multi-angle laser light scattering and refractive index detectors. the presence of starch in sf2 was demonstrated by a positive iodine reaction and by 13c nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy. the presence of pectic polysaccharides was show ...200212559422
interaction between warfarin and mango fruit. 200212014354
"mangifera indica l. extract (qf808) reduces ischaemia-induced neuronal loss and oxidative damage in the gerbil brain".the effect of oral administration of mangifera indica l. extract (qf808) on ischemia-reperfusion-induced neuronal death in the gerbil hippocampal ca1 sector was examined. oral administration of qf808 for 7 days dose-dependently protected against neuronal cell death following transient ischaemia and reperfusion as assessed by histopathology. in addition, locomotor activity assessment prior to ischaemia and 7 days after correlated well with the histological results. to evaluate redox alterations b ...200111767405
evaluation of the antidiabetic action of mangifera indica in mice.the leaves of mangifera indica were assessed for antidiabetic properties using normoglycaemic, glucose-induced hyperglycaemia and streptozotocin (stz) induced diabetic mice. the aqueous extract produced a reduction of blood glucose level in normoglycaemic and glucose-induced hyperglycaemia, but did not have any effect on streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. the hypoglycaemic effect of the aqueous extract was compared with that of an oral dose of chlorpropamide under the same conditions. the res ...200111507745
the expression of alternative oxidase and uncoupling protein during fruit ripening in mango.the expression of alternative oxidase (aox) and uncoupling proteins (ucp) was investigated during ripening in mango (mangifera indica) and compared with the expression of peroxisomal thiolase, a previously described ripening marker in mango. the multigene family for the aox in mango was expressed differentially during ripening. abundance of aox message and protein both peaked at the ripe stage. expression of the single gene for the ucp peaked at the turning stage and the protein abundance peaked ...200111500560
botanical briefs: the mango tree--mangifera indica l. 200111381849
an overnight chill induces a delayed inhibition of photosynthesis at midday in mango (mangifera indica l.).the effect of a cold night on photosynthesis in herbaceous chilling-sensitive crops, like tomato, has been extensively studied and is well characterized. this investigation examined the behaviour of the sub-tropical fruit tree, mango, to enable comparison with these well-studied systems. unlike tomato, chilling between 5 degrees c and 7 degrees c overnight produced no significant inhibition of light-saturated co(2) assimilation (a:) during the first hours following rewarming, measured either und ...200011113167
protective effects of mangifera indica l. extract, mangiferin and selected antioxidants against tpa-induced biomolecules oxidation and peritoneal macrophage activation in mice.we compared the protective abilities of mangifera indica l. stem bark extract (vimang) 50-250 mgkg(-1), mangiferin 50 mgkg(-1), vitamin c 100 mgkg(-1), vitamin e 100 mgkg(-1)and beta -carotene 50 mgkg(-1)against the 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (tpa)-induced oxidative damage in serum, liver, brain as well as in the hyper-production of reactive oxygen species (ros) by peritoneal macrophages. the treatment of mice with vimang, vitamin e and mangiferin reduced the tpa-induced production of ...200011058410
enzymatic degradation of cell wall polysaccharides from mango (mangifera indica l.) puree.ripe mango puree (smith cultivar) was treated with fungal polysaccharidases containing pectinolytic, hemicellulolytic, and cellulolytic activities for 2 h at 50 degrees c. a loss of 30% of the cell wall material (cwm) was measured. cwm polysaccharides were hydrolyzed to varying degrees: 88, 65, and 65% of, respectively, galacturonic acid-, arabinose-, and rhamnose-containing polymers were hydrolyzed, whereas 50% of cellulose was degraded. after 30 min of treatment, the ethanol precipitation test ...200010898610
determination of avocado and mango fruit properties by ultrasonic technique.a nondestructive ultrasonic measurement system was developed for the assessment of some transmission parameters which might have quantitative relations with the maturity, firmness and other quality-related properties of avocado and mango fruits. the system utilizes a set of low-frequency probes arranged to measure the ultrasonic signal transmitted and received over a short distance across the peel. the attenuation of the ultrasonic waves, transmitted through the peel and the attached fruit tissu ...200010829759
methyl jasmonate reduces chilling injury and maintains postharvest quality of mango fruit.exposure of mango (mangifera indica cv. tommy atkins) fruit to methyl jasmonate (mj) vapors (10(-)(4) m) for 24 h at 25 degrees c reduced chilling injury during subsequent storage for 21 days at 7 degrees c and after 5 days of shelf life at 20 degrees c. the chilling tolerance induced by mj was positively correlated with the reduction in the percent ion leakage of mango tissue. the overall quality of mj-treated fruit was also better than that of control fruit. mj treatment increased the total so ...200010691668
relating x-ray absorption and some quality characteristics of mango fruit (mangifera indica l.).x-ray absorption was used as an index to detect the quality of mango based on its relationship with density, moisture content, soluble solids, titratable acidity, and ph. a regression equation was obtained between the computed tomography (ct) number and the physicochemical properties based on the principle of x-ray absorption capacities of the fruit. the ct numbers of intact mangoes were positively correlated with density, moisture content, and titratable acidity. the soluble solids and ph were ...199910552728
protein kinase activities in ripening mango, mangifera indica l., fruit tissue. iii. purification and characterisation of a calcium-regulated protein kinase.a calcium-dependent protein kinase (pk-iii), not requiring calmodulin for activity, was purified from extracts of ripening mango fruit tissue. purification was achieved by ammonium sulfate fractionation and sequential anion exchange-, hydrophobic interaction-, dye ligand affinity- and gel filtration chromatography; which allowed a recovery of 1-5% of the total available kinase activity. the final specific activity in the presence of 1 mm ca2+ was consistently 9 nmol min-1mg-1. the purified enzym ...19989748649
diurnal and seasonal changes in the impact of co(2) enrichment on assimilation, stomatal conductance and growth in a long-term study of mangifera indica in the wet-dry tropics of australia.we studied assimilation, stomatal conductance and growth of mangifera indica l. saplings during long-term exposure to a co(2)-enriched atmosphere in the seasonally wet-dry tropics of northern australia. grafted saplings of m. indica were planted in the ground in four air-conditioned, sunlit, plastic-covered chambers and exposed to co(2) at the ambient or an elevated (700 micro mol mol(-1)) concentration for 28 months. light-saturating assimilation (a(max)), stomatal conductance (g(s)), apparent ...199714759852
a rab11-like gene is developmentally regulated in ripening mango (mangifera indica l.) fruit.a full-length cdna clone from mango (mangifera indica l.) fruit has homology to the rab11/ypt3 class of small gtpases. the corresponding mrna is expressed in fruit, only during ripening. the likely involvement of this rabx protein in trafficking cell-wall modifying enzymes through the trans-golgi network is discussed.19968982274
mango dermatitis: allergic contact dermatitis to mangifera indica.mango dermatitis' is the common term given to allergic contact dermatitis to the sap or skin of the fruit of mangifera indica. four patients presented with urticaria and eczematous rash following exposure to mangoes or the trees. patch testing with diluted sap, crushed leaf, crushed stem and fruit skin was strongly positive.19968936077
effects of freezing preservation on dietary fibre content of mango (mangifera indica l.) fruit. 19958549541
beta-galactosidase and its significance in ripening mango fruit.the fruit extracts of ripening cv. harumanis mango contained a number of glycosidases and glycanases. among the glycosidases, beta-d-galactosidase (ec 3.2.1.23) appeared to be the most significant. the enzyme activity increased in parallel with increase in tissue softness during ripening. mango beta-galactosidase was fractionated into three isoforms, viz. beta-galactosidase i, ii and iii by a combination of chromatographic procedures on deae-sepharose cl-6b, cm-sepharose and sephacryl s-200 colu ...19957766393
identification of cultivars and validation of genetic relationships in mangifera indica l. using rapd markers.twenty-five accessions of mango were examined for random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) genetic markers with 80 10-mer random primers. of the 80 primers screened, 33 did not amplify, 19 were monomorphic, and 28 gave reproducible, polymorphic dna amplification patterns. eleven primers were selected from the 28 for the study. the number of bands generated was primer- and genotype-dependent, and ranged from 1 to 10. no primer gave unique banding patterns for each of the 25 accessions; however, te ...199524173902
rosid affinities of surianaceae: molecular evidence.nucleotide sequences of the chloroplast gene, rbcl, were obtained for suriana maritima, cadellia pentastylis, guilfoylia monostylis, stylobasium australe, quassia amara, brucea mollis, cupaniopsis anacardioides, mangifera indica, connarus conchocarpus, and comesperma ericinum. phylogenetic analyses of these, along with published sequences of representatives of rosid families, support the monophyly of the surianaceae sensu cronquist and provide evidence of an affinity with the polygalaceae and fa ...19938049783
cis-9,cis-15-octadecadienoic acid: a novel fatty acid found in higher plants.an unusual fatty acid, cis-9,cis-15-octadecadienoic acid, has been identified in the pulp lipids of mango (mangifera indica l.) grown in the philippines. to our knowledge, the occurrence of cis-9,cis-15-octadecadienoic acid in higher plant lipids has not been previously reported. the structure confirmation was based on the results of chromatographic (capillary gc, argentation thin-layer) and spectrometric (gc-ms, infrared, ultraviolet) analysis and chemical treatment. this butylene-interrupted d ...19938218342
efficacy of massive oral doses of retinyl palmitate and mango (mangifera indica l.) consumption to correct an existing vitamin a deficiency in senegalese children.administration of large oral doses of retinyl palmitate has become the most widely practised vitamin a deficiency prevention strategy in developing countries. we conducted a follow-up study among 220 senegalese children aged 2-7 years suffering from moderate undernutrition to determine the efficacy of vitamin a treatment on their vitamin a status assessed by biochemical and cytological (impression cytology with transfer) methods. the first examination (t = 0 m[onth]) was carried out during april ...19921445831
biflavone from mangifera indiga.the phenolic extractive of the bark of mangifera indica yielded a known biflavone which was characterized by spectral and chemical methods as amentoflavone. this is the first report for the isolation of biflavon from mangifera indica.199216414715
[allergological study of pollen of mango (magnifera indica) and cross reactivity with pollen of piru (schinus molle)].with immediate skin test, we studied hypersensitivity to pollen of mango (magnifera indica), and its probability cross-sensitivity to pollen of pirú (schinus molle), from anacardaceae class. we have made one extract of magnifera indica, with 0.485 mg per 100, of protein nitrogen. with this extract we carry out skin test on non-atopic subjects and atopic subjects with bronchial asthma and or allergy rhinitis and common stock of aerealergen. (freeman stock). we studied seventy-one subjects, both s ...20061792479
effect of chlorine pollution on three fruit tree species at ranoli near baroda, india.this paper describes the effect of chlorine pollution from an alkalies and chemical plant at ranoli, near baroda, on three tropical fruit tree species-mangifera indica l. (mango) manilkara hexandra dubard. (rayan) and syzygium cumini skeels (jamun). as compared to controls growing in a less polluted area, trees growing close to the plant showed reduced mean leaf area, a higher percentage of leaf area damaged, a reduction in fruit yield, chlorophyll pigments, protein and carbohydrate content, and ...198915092455
abscission of mango fruitlets as influenced by enhanced ethylene biosynthesis.experiments were conducted on developing fruitlet explants of two mango (mangifera indica l.) cultivars to establish the source and dynamics of ethylene production prior to and during fruitlet abscission. abscission of all fruits in the samples occurred at approximately 86 and 74 hours postharvest in ;keitt' and ;tommy atkins,' respectively. increased abscission began 26 hours from harvest and was preceded by enhanced ethylene synthesis. enhanced ethylene production initiated approximately 48 ho ...198616665179
seed germination and seedling development in the mango (mangifera indica l.).mango (mangifera indica l., cv ruby) seeds taken from ripe fruit showed no dormancy. they germinated at temperatures between 5 and 40 degrees c, but germination was most rapid near the upper end of this range (25-40 degrees c). the fresh seeds had a high moisture content (85%, dry weight basis) and quickly died on dehydration. the optimal temperature for growth of the seedlings was close to 30 degrees c. high temperatures (40 degrees c) and temperatures below 15 degrees c were lethal. growth of ...198614975891
cytokinins of the developing mango fruit : isolation, identification, and changes in levels during maturation.the cytokinin activity has been isolated and identified from extracts of immature mango (mangifera indica l.) seeds. the structures of zeatin, zeatin riboside, and n(6)-(delta(2)-isopentenyl)adenine riboside were confirmed on the basis of their chromatographic behavior and mass spectra of trimethylsilyl derivatives. both trans and cis isomers of zeatin and zeatin riboside were also identified by the retention times of high performance liquid chromatography. in addition, an unidentified compound ...198316662830
somatic embryos from culture ovules of polyembryonic mangifera indica l.ovules were aseptically removed from 2 month old fruits of 9 naturally polyembryonic cultivars and 1 monoembryonic cultivar of mango (mangifera indica l.). ovules were placed into culture on solid murashige and skoog medium that had been modified by the addition of half strength major salts and chelated iron, 6% sucrose, 400 mg/l glutamine, 100 mg/l ascorbic acid with or without the following growth regulators: 20% (v/v) cw, 1 or 2 mg/1 ba. somatic embryogenesis occurred from the nucellus excise ...198224257771
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