| inhibitory effects of fermented grape marc from vitis vinifera negroamaro on antigen-induced degranulation. | to investigate the antiallergic effects of fermented grape marc from negroamaro (n-fgm), we examined antigen (ag)-induced degranulation of rat basophilic leukemia (rbl-2h3) cells. among supernatants of n-fgm suspensions in water, ethanol, and dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), supernatants of dmso-suspended n-fgm but not of nonfermented negroamaro grape marc (n-gm) markedly suppressed the ag-induced degranulation and phosphorylation of syk in rbl-2h3 cells. supernatants of dmso-suspended n-fgm did not r ... | 2010 | 20100066 |
| colour and pigment composition of red wines obtained from co-maceration of tempranillo and graciano varieties. | the vitis vinifera l. cv graciano is often used as an integral component of rioja wines because it is considered to contribute significantly to the quality of tempranillo based wines. the aim of this work was to determine the effect of the incorporation of the graciano variety on the colour and pigment composition of tempranillo based wine and to evaluate the possible differences between blending tempranillo with graciano varietal wine (w wine) in contrast to a wine obtained by mixing these two ... | 2010 | 20103154 |
| aromatic potential of botrytized white wine grapes: identification and quantification of new cysteine-s-conjugate flavor precursors. | sweet wines made from botrytized grapes contain much higher concentrations of volatile thiols, especially 3-sulfanylhexan-1-ol (3sh), than dry white wines. three new specific volatile thiols (3-sulfanylpentan-1-ol (3sp), 3-sulfanylheptan-1-ol (3shp), and 2-methyl-3-sulfanylbutan-1-ol (2m3sb) were recently identified in sauternes wines. like most volatile thiols, these compounds were almost totally absent from must, mainly being formed during alcoholic fermentation. in this work, we describe the ... | 2010 | 20103162 |
| cell wall-degrading enzymes enlarge the pore size of intervessel pit membranes in healthy and xylella fastidiosa-infected grapevines. | the pit membrane (pm) is a primary cell wall barrier that separates adjacent xylem water conduits, limiting the spread of xylem-localized pathogens and air embolisms from one conduit to the next. this paper provides a characterization of the size of the pores in the pms of grapevine (vitis vinifera). the pm porosity (pmp) of stems infected with the bacterium xylella fastidiosa was compared with the pmp of healthy stems. stems were infused with pressurized water and flow rates were determined; go ... | 2010 | 20107028 |
| yeast species associated with wine grapes in china. | having more information on the yeast ecology of grapes is important for wine-makers to produce wine with high quality and typical attributes. china is a significant wine-consuming country and is becoming a serious wine-producer, but little has been reported about the yeast ecology of local ecosystems. this study provides the first step towards the exploitation of the yeast wealth in china's vine-growing regions. the aim of this study was to investigate the yeast population density and diversity ... | 2010 | 20116124 |
| the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor myc1 is involved in the regulation of the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway in grapevine. | previous results indicated that in grapevine (vitis vinifera), regulation of the flavonoid pathway genes by myb transcription factors depends on their interaction with basic helix-loop-helix proteins (bhlhs). the present study describes the first functional characterization of a bhlh factor from grapevine named vvmyc1. this transcription factor is phylogenetically related to arabidopsis bhlh proteins, which participate in the control of flavonoid biosynthesis and epidermal cell fate. transient p ... | 2010 | 20118183 |
| suppression of type-i allergic responses by oral administration of grape marc fermented with lactobacillus plantarum. | we investigated the inhibitory effects of fermented grape marc (fgm), lyophilized fine powder of skin, and seeds of vitis vinifera koshu grape prepared by fermentation with lactobacillus plantarum, on type-i allergic responses in mice. repeated oral administration of fgm, but not non-fermented grape marc (gm), to balb/c mice primed with ovalbumin (ova) resulted in a significant reduction of serum ige levels, compared with those of immunized controls. after ova challenge, increased numbers of eos ... | 2010 | 20136581 |
| crystal structure and catalytic mechanism of leucoanthocyanidin reductase from vitis vinifera. | leucoanthocyanidin reductase (lar) catalyzes the nadph-dependent reduction of 2r,3s,4s-flavan-3,4-diols into 2r,3s-flavan-3-ols, a subfamily of flavonoids that is important for plant survival and for human nutrition. lar1 from vitis vinifera has been co-crystallized with or without nadph and one of its natural products, (+)-catechin. crystals diffract to a resolution between 1.75 and 2.72 a. the coenzyme and substrate binding pocket is preformed in the apoprotein and not markedly altered upon na ... | 2010 | 20138891 |
| a functional eds1 ortholog is differentially regulated in powdery mildew resistant and susceptible grapevines and complements an arabidopsis eds1 mutant. | vitis vinifera (grapevine) is the most economically important deciduous fruit crop, but cultivated grapevine varieties lack adequate innate immunity to a range of devastating diseases. to identify genetic resources for grapevine innate immunity and understand pathogen defense pathways in a woody perennial plant, we focus in this study on orthologs of the central arabidopsis thaliana defense regulator enhanced disease susceptibility1 (eds1). the family of eds1-like genes is expanded in grapevine, ... | 2010 | 20145949 |
| bioinformatic search of plant microtubule-and cell cycle related serine-threonine protein kinases. | a bioinformatic search was carried for plant homologues of human serine-threonine protein kinases involved in regulation of cell division and microtubule protein phosphorylation (slk, pak6, pak7, mark1, mast2, ttbk1, ttbk2, aurka, plk1, plk4 and pask). a number of slk, mast2 and aurka plant homologues were identified. the closest identified homologue of human aurka kinase was a protein of unknown function, a7py12/gsvivt00026259001 from vitis vinifera (herein named as "stalk", serine-threonine au ... | 2010 | 20158871 |
| general and species-specific transcriptional responses to downy mildew infection in a susceptible (vitis vinifera) and a resistant (v. riparia) grapevine species. | downy mildew is a destructive grapevine disease caused by plasmopara viticola (berk. and curt.) berl. and de toni, which can only be controlled by intensive fungicide treatments. natural sources of resistance from wild grapevine (vitis) species are used in conventional breeding approaches, but the signals and effectors involved in resistance in this important crop species are not well understood. | 2010 | 20167053 |
| cloning of the papaya chromoplast-specific lycopene beta-cyclase, cpcyc-b, controlling fruit flesh color reveals conserved microsynteny and a recombination hot spot. | carotenoid pigments in fruits are indicative of the ripening process and potential nutritional value. papaya (carica papaya) fruit flesh color is caused by the accumulation of lycopene or beta-carotenoids in chromoplasts. it is a distinct feature affecting nutritional composition, fruit quality, shelf life, and consumer preference. to uncover the molecular basis of papaya flesh color, we took map-based cloning and candidate gene approaches using integrated genetic and physical maps. a dna marker ... | 2010 | 20181753 |
| a transcriptomic study of grapevine (vitis vinifera cv. cabernet-sauvignon) interaction with the vascular ascomycete fungus eutypa lata. | eutypa dieback is a vascular disease that may severely affect vineyards throughout the world. in the present work, microarrays were made in order (i) to improve our knowledge of grapevine (vitis vinifera cv. cabernet-sauvignon) responses to eutypa lata, the causal agent of eutypa dieback; and (ii) to identify genes that may prevent symptom development. qiagen/operon grapevine microarrays comprising 14,500 probes were used to compare, under three experimental conditions (in vitro, in the greenhou ... | 2010 | 20190040 |
| changes in protein abundance during powdery mildew infection of leaf tissues of cabernet sauvignon grapevine (vitis vinifera l.). | a comparative analysis of differentially expressed proteins in a susceptible grapevine (vitis vinifera 'cabernet sauvignon') during the infection of erysiphe necator, the causal pathogen of grapevine powdery mildew (pm), was conducted using itraq. the quantitative labeling analysis revealed 63 proteins that significantly changed in abundance at 24, 36, 48, and 72 h post inoculation with powdery mildew conidiospores. the functional classification of the pm-responsive proteins showed that they are ... | 2010 | 20232356 |
| prominent chemopreventive and chemoenhancing effects for resveratrol: unraveling molecular targets and the role of c-reactive protein. | resveratrol (rsvl) claims health benefits that pertain to the consumption of red wine/grapes. we currently evaluated the chemopreventive effects of rsvl, as well as its possible chemoenhancing effects when given with cisplatin (cp), in the ehrlich ascites carcinoma (eac) solid tumor model. further, we monitored concomitant changes in serum levels of c-reactive protein (crp), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha), leukocytic count (lc) and lipid peroxidation (measured as malondialdehyde, mda). | 2010 | 20299793 |
| involvement of abscisic acid in the coordinated regulation of a stress-inducible hexose transporter (vvht5) and a cell wall invertase in grapevine in response to biotrophic fungal infection. | biotrophic fungal and oomycete pathogens alter carbohydrate metabolism in infected host tissues. symptoms such as elevated soluble carbohydrate concentrations and increased invertase activity suggest that a pathogen-induced carbohydrate sink is established. to identify pathogen-induced regulators of carbohydrate sink strength, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to measure transcript levels of invertase and hexose transporter genes in biotrophic pathogen-infected grapevine ... | 2010 | 20348211 |
| considerable increase in resveratrol production by recombinant industrial yeast strains with use of rich medium. | resveratrol synthesis from p-coumarate was analyzed in different saccharomyces cerevisiae strains expressing the 4-coumaroyl-coenzyme a ligase (4cl1) from arabidopsis thaliana and the stilbene synthase (sts) from vitis vinifera and compared between yeast cultures growing in rich or synthetic medium. the use of rich medium considerably improved resveratrol production, and resveratrol yields of up to 391 mg/liter could be achieved with an industrial brazilian sugar cane-fermenting yeast. | 2010 | 20348297 |
| development and validation of an algorithm to establish a total antioxidant capacity database of the us diet. | estimation of total antioxidant intake is the first step to investigate the protective effects of antioxidants on oxidative stress-mediated disease. the present study was designed to develop an algorithm to estimate total antioxidant capacity (tac) of the us diet. tac of individual antioxidants and 50 popular antioxidant-rich food items in the us diet were determined by 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (abts) assay and the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (dpph) assay. theoreti ... | 2010 | 20377495 |
| molecular and phenotypic characterisation of novel phaeoacremonium species isolated from esca diseased grapevines. | petri disease and esca are very destructive grapevine decline diseases that occur in most countries where grapevine (vitis vinifera) is cultivated. phaeoacremonium species are among the principal hyphomycetes associated with symptoms of the two diseases, producing a range of enzymes and phytotoxic metabolites. the present study compared the phylogeny of a global collection of 118 phaeoacremonium isolates from grapevines, in order to gain a better understanding of their involvement in petri disea ... | 2008 | 20396582 |
| transcriptional profiling of ests responsive to rhizobium vitis from 'tamnara' grapevines (vitis sp.). | genes related with defense responses were screened from the cdna library constructed with rhizobium vitis-inoculated or salicylic acid (sa)-treated 'tamnara' grapevine (vitis sp.) leaves. among 13,728 expressed sequence tags (ests) from 'tamnara' grapevine upon r. vitis inoculation and sa treatment, 6776 unigenes containing 1915 contigs and 4860 singletons were obtained. in gene ontology analysis, there were about 3200 clones related with biological process, 3555 with molecular function, and 335 ... | 2010 | 20398958 |
| ultralow oxygen treatment for control of planococcus ficus (hemiptera: pseudococcidae) on grape benchgrafts. | controlled atmosphere treatments with ultralow oxygen (ulo treatments) were developed successfully for control of vine mealybug, planococcusflcus signoret (hemiptera: pseudococcidae), on dormant grape (vitis spp.) benchgrafts. at 30 ppm oxygen, 3-d ulo treatment at 25 degrees c and 4-d ulo treatment at 150c achieved complete control of all life stages of p. ficus. at a much lower oxygen level (<1 ppm), the two ulo treatments with the same exposure periods of 3 d at 25 degrees c and 4 d at 15 deg ... | 2010 | 20429438 |
| the characterization and diversity of bacterial endophytes of grapevine. | the diversity of culturable and nonculturable bacterial endophytes of grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) was examined using a combination of cultivation and molecular methods. entire grapevines were sampled to characterize bacterial diversity from different locations throughout the vine. gas chromatography of fatty acid methyl esters (fames) was used to identify culturable isolates prior to subsequent further microbiological characterization, whilst denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) was ... | 2010 | 20453907 |
| [bioinformatic search for plant homologs of ste20-like serine/threonine protein kinases]. | eleven plant homologs of animal and yeast ste20-like protein kinases were identified. it was shown that the nearest plant homologs of the ste20-like protein kinases are the unknown proteins a9rvk0 from physcomitrella patens ssp. patens and a7p2e2 from vitis vinifera. cladistic analysis showed a protein kinase dstl from dictyostelium discoideum as the closest protein to the newly found plant homologs. a predicted spatial structure of the a9rvk0 from p. patens ssp. patens catalytic domain is prese ... | 2009 | 20458979 |
| identification and quantification of impact aroma compounds in 4 nonfloral vitis vinifera varieties grapes. | the aroma compounds in grapes of cabernet gernischt, cabernet sauvignon, cabernet franc, and merlot have been studied by gas chromatography-olfactometry (gc-o). the gc-o study revealed the presence of 58 aroma compounds in which 53 odorants were identified. the most significant odor active volatiles in 4 grape berries were beta-damascenone, hexanal, (z)-3-hexen-1-ol, (e,z)-2,6-nonadienal, beta-ionone, and unknown (ri = 1612). the quantification of volatile aroma compounds in grapes was developed ... | 2010 | 20492207 |
| [faunistic analysis of leafhopper (hemiptera: cicadellidae) species in vineyards of rio grande do sul state, brazil]. | in some american countries, grapevines are affected by pierce's disease (pd), which is caused by a particular strain of xylella fastidiosa not yet reported in brazil. in order to investigate the potential for pd spread in brazil in case of pathogen introduction, we conducted a faunistic analysis of leafhoppers (hemiptera: cicadellidae) associated to vineyards in the state of rio grande do sul, with emphasis in the subfamily cicadellinae (sharpshooters), which includes the main potential vectors ... | 2010 | 20498954 |
| studies on antioxidant effects of the red grapes seed extract from vitis vinifera, burgund mare, recaş in pregnant rats. | to estimate the effects of hydroethanolic red grapes seeds extract obtained from vitis vinifera, burgund mare variety, recaş , romania (bmr) on oxidant-antioxidant ballance, as compared to ascorbic acid, during pregnancy in rats. thirty wistar female rats were assigned to three groups (n=10) which were administered by gavage: group i, 3 x 100 mg/kg body weight saline, group ii - bmr 3 x 30 mg gallic acid equivalents/kg body weight; group iii - vitamin c 3 x 100 mg/kg body weight on days 1, 7 and ... | 2010 | 20511134 |
| bactericidal effect of grape seed extract on methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa). | this study was conducted to measure the antibacterial activity of grape (vitis vinifera l; vitaceae) seed extract against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa). grape seed and skin extracts were tested for antibacterial activity against forty-three strains of mrsa by gel diffusion, growth and respirometric studies. all mrsa strains were found to be sensitive to grape seed extract. complete inhibition of all bacterial strains tested was observed at a concentration of 3 mg/ml crude gr ... | 2010 | 20519844 |
| antidiabetic screening of commercial botanical products in 3t3-l1 adipocytes and db/db mice. | numerous botanicals are purported to improve glucose metabolism and diabetic risk factors with varying degrees of supportive evidence. we investigated 203 commercially available botanical products representing 90 unique botanical species for effects on lipogenic activity in differentiating 3t3-l1 adipocytes. anti-inflammatory activity of 21 of these products was further assessed in tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnfalpha)-stimulated, mature 3t3-l1 adipocytes. from these results, rho-isoalpha acids ... | 2010 | 20521979 |
| wild grapevine: silvestris, hybrids or cultivars that escaped from vineyards? molecular evidence in sardinia. | vitis vinifera ssp. silvestris, the spontaneous subspecies of v. vinifera l., is believed to be the ancestor of present grapevine cultivars. in this work, polymorphism at 13 ssr loci was investigated to answer the following key question: are wild plants (i) true silvestris, (ii) hybrids between wild and cultivated plants or (iii) or 'escapes' from vineyards? in particular, the objective of the present study was to identify truly wild individuals and to search for possible hybridization events. t ... | 2010 | 20522194 |
| distinct rpsc single nucleotide polymorphism lineages of flavescence dorée subgroup 16srv-d phytoplasma co-infect vitis vinifera l. | during a survey on grapevine yellows disease complex in vineyards of lombardy region (northern italy), phytoplasmas associated with flavescence dorée disease were identified in symptomatic grapevines. polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analyses of 16s rdna revealed the prevalence of phytoplasmal subgroup 16srv-d. bioinformatic analyses of nucleotide sequences of rplv and rpsc genes, amplified from 16srv-d phytoplasma infected grapevines and cloned, unde ... | 2010 | 20526838 |
| rugose wood-associated viruses do not appear to be involved in shiraz (syrah) decline in south africa. | the presence of rugose-wood-associated viruses of the genera foveavirus and vitivirus in the family betaflexiviridae was investigated in various clones of own-rooted and grafted vitis vinifera cv. shiraz that were affected, or not, by shiraz decline, and in rootstocks. rt nested-pcr amplification of double-stranded rna using degenerate primers for the simultaneous detection of foveaviruses and vitiviruses (dovas ci, katis ni in j virol meth 170:99-106, 2003), cloning of dna amplicons, sscp analy ... | 2010 | 20549265 |
| contribution of galloylation and polymerization to the antioxidant activity of polyphenols in fish lipid systems. | polyphenolic fractions extracted from pine (pinus pinaster) bark, grape (vitis vinifera) pomace, and witch hazel (hamamelis virginiana) bark were selected for investigating the influence of the number of phenolic units, polymerization, and the content of esterified galloyl residues (galloylation) on their efficacy for inhibiting lipid oxidation in fish lipid enriched foodstuffs. experiments carried out with nongalloylated pine bark fractions with different polymerization degrees demonstrated tha ... | 2010 | 20550219 |
| evaluation of tolerance to pierce's disease and botrytis in transgenic plants of vitis vinifera l. expressing the pear pgip gene. | summary polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins (pgips) are plant cell-wall proteins that specifically inhibit fungal endo-polygalacturonases (pgs) that contribute to the aggressive decomposition of susceptible plant tissues. the inhibition of fungal pgs by pgips suggests that pgips have a role in plant tolerance to fungal infections and this has been observed in transgenic plants expressing pgips. xylella fastidiosa, the causal agent of pierce's disease (pd) in grapevines, has genes that encode c ... | 2005 | 20565637 |
| characterization of a vitis vinifera cv. cabernet sauvignon 3',5'-o-methyltransferase showing strong preference for anthocyanins and glycosylated flavonols. | at ripening initiation in red grapevine (vitis vinifera) berries, the exocarp turns color from green to red and then to purple due to the accumulation and extent of methylation of anthocyanins. the accumulation of transcripts encoding an o-methyltransferase was recently shown to be closely correlated with the onset of ripening and the degree of blue/purple pigmentation in grapevine berries; however, the biochemical function of this gene has remained uncharacterized. in this study, an o-methyltra ... | 2010 | 20580386 |
| effect of myricetin on blood pressure and metabolic alterations in fructose hypertensive rats. | fructose feeding induces a rise in blood pressure in normal rats and is associated with insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and hypertriglyceridemia. we have examined the effect of myricetin (100 and 300 mg/kg, p.o. for 6 weeks) isolated from vitis vinifera linn. (vitaceae) on systolic blood pressure (sbp), vascular reactivity, serum glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, and insulin in fructose-induced hypertension. myricetin reduced systolic blood pressure and vascular reactivity changes to ca ... | 2010 | 20645789 |
| effects of acute low-temperature events on development of erysiphe necator and susceptibility of vitis vinifera. | growth and development of erysiphe necator (syn. uncinula necator) has been extensively studied under controlled conditions, primarily with a focus on development of grapevine powdery mildew within the optimal temperature range and the lethal effects of high temperatures. however, little is known of the effect of cold temperatures (above freezing but <8 degrees c) on pathogen development or host resistance. pretreatment of susceptible vitis vinifera leaf tissue by exposure to cold temperatures ( ... | 2010 | 20649419 |
| influence of planococcus ficus on aspergillus section nigri and ochratoxin a incidence in vineyards from argentina. | the aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of planococcus ficus infection in red wine grapes on aspergillus section nigri and ochratoxin a (ota) contamination. | 2010 | 20672440 |
| upper gastrointestinal bleeding in a patient with defective hemostasis successfully treated with ankaferd blood stopper. | acute gastrointestinal (gi) bleeding is one of the most frequent causes for hospitalization and responsible for a major cause of morbidity and mortality among patients. ankaferd blood stopper (abs) is a herbal extract attained from five different plants thymus vulgaris, glycyrrhiza glabra, vitis vinifera, alpinia officinarum and urtica dioica. here we report a challenging upper gi bleeding case with a low platelet count and defective hemostasis treated endoscopically with abs as an adjunctive dr ... | 2011 | 20677211 |
| 3'-coterminal subgenomic rnas and putative cis-acting elements of grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 reveals 'unique' features of gene expression strategy in the genus ampelovirus. | the family closteroviridae comprises genera with monopartite genomes, closterovirus and ampelovirus, and with bipartite and tripartite genomes, crinivirus. by contrast to closteroviruses in the genera closterovirus and crinivirus, much less is known about the molecular biology of viruses in the genus ampelovirus, although they cause serious diseases in agriculturally important perennial crops like grapevines, pineapple, cherries and plums. | 2010 | 20682046 |
| which plant for which skin disease? part 2: dermatophytes, chronic venous insufficiency, photoprotection, actinic keratoses, vitiligo, hair loss, cosmetic indications. | this paper continues our review of scientifically evaluated plant extracts in dermatology. after plants effective against dermatophytes, botanicals with anti-edema effects in chronic venous insufficiency are discussed. there is good evidence from randomized clinical studies that plant extracts from grape vine leaves (vitis vinifera), horse chestnut (aesculus hippocastanum), sea pine (pinus maritima) and butcher's broom (ruscus aculeatus) can reduce edema in chronic venous insufficiency. plant ex ... | 2010 | 20707877 |
| the capsid protein of grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus contains a typical nuclear localization signal and targets to the nucleus. | grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus (grspav) is a positive strand, ssrna virus of the genus foveavirus (family betaflexiviridae; order tymovirales). grspav is distributed in table and wine grapes worldwide and comprises a large family of sequence variants. as a newly discovered virus, mechanisms of virus replication and movement of grspav have not been elucidated. we recently revealed the subcellular localization of the proteins encoded by the triple gene block of grspav (rebelo et ... | 2010 | 20708048 |
| [mast2-like protein kinase from grape vine vitis vinifera: cloning of catalytic domain cdna]. | the aim of our work is the identification of protein kinases phosphorylating microtubule proteins in plant cells. using bioinformatic approach, we found genes of putative homologues of microtubule-associated mammalian protein kinase mast2 in higher plant genomes. the gene of closest mast2 homologue, putative protein, named gmlk (grape mast2-like kinase, a7nte9_vitvi), was found in grape vitis vinifera. we report here the cloning of cdna of gmlk (a7nte9) from pinot noir grape vine leaves. | 2010 | 20722285 |
| in vitro bioconversion of polyphenols from black tea and red wine/grape juice by human intestinal microbiota displays strong interindividual variability. | dietary polyphenols in tea and wine have been associated with beneficial health effects. after ingestion, most polyphenols are metabolized by the colonic microbiota. the current study aimed at exploring the interindividual variation of gut microbial polyphenol bioconversion from 10 healthy human subjects. in vitro fecal batch fermentations simulating conditions in the distal colon were performed using polyphenols from black tea and a mixture of red wine and grape juice. microbial bioconversion w ... | 2010 | 20726519 |
| characterisation of the vitis vinifera pr10 multigene family. | genes belonging to the pathogenesis related 10 (pr10) group have been studied in several plant species, where they form multigene families. until now, such an analysis has not been performed in vitis vinifera, although three different pr10 genes were found to be expressed under pathogen attack or abiotic stress, and during somatic embryogenesis induction. we used the complete genome sequence for characterising the whole v. vinifera pr10 gene family. the expression of candidate genes was studied ... | 2010 | 20727162 |
| sensitivity of botrytis cinerea to chitosan and acibenzolar-s-methyl. | the antifungal properties of chitosan and acibenzolar-s-methyl were evaluated to assess their potential for protecting grapes against botrytis cinerea pers.: fr. isolated from vitis vinifera l. the objectives were to determine the effects of these compounds on the in vitro development of b. cinerea and to assess their effectiveness at controlling grey mould on grapes stored at different temperatures. | 2010 | 20730989 |
| modulation of flavonoid biosynthetic pathway genes and anthocyanins due to virus infection in grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) leaves. | symptoms of grapevine leafroll disease (glrd) in red-fruited wine grape (vitis vinifera l.) cultivars consist of green veins and red and reddish-purple discoloration of inter-veinal areas of leaves. the reddish-purple color of symptomatic leaves may be due to the accumulation of anthocyanins and could reflect an up-regulation of genes involved in their biosynthesis. | 2010 | 20731850 |
| antioxidant rich grape pomace extract suppresses postprandial hyperglycemia in diabetic mice by specifically inhibiting alpha-glucosidase. | abstract: | 2010 | 20799969 |
| a new glycosidic flavonoid from jwarhar mahakashay (antipyretic) ayurvedic preparation. | the aqueous extract of jwarhar mahakashay ayurvedic preparation (from the roots of hemidesmus indicus r. br., rubia cordifolia l., cissampelos pareira l.; fruits of terminalia chebula retz., emblica officinalis gaertn., terminalia bellirica roxb., vitis vinifera l., grewia asiatica l., salvadora persica l. and granules of saccharum officinarum l.) has been used as a traditional antipyretic. experimental studies confirmed its antipyretic-analgesic effect with very low ulcerogenicity and toxicity. ... | 2010 | 20814525 |
| diagnosis of pierce's disease using biomarkers specific to xylella fastidiosa rrna and vitis vinifera gene expression. | pierce's disease (pd), caused by xylella fastidiosa, represents one of the most damaging diseases of cultivated grape. management of pd in the vineyard often relies on the removal of infected individuals, which otherwise serve as a source of inoculum for nearby healthy vines. effective implementation of such control measures requires early diagnosis, which is complicated by the fact that infected vines often harbor high titers of the pathogen in advance of visual symptom development. here, we re ... | 2010 | 20839944 |
| characterization of phenolic content, in vitro biological activity, and pesticide loads of extracts from white grape skins from organic and conventional cultivars. | grape skin extracts of riesling vitis vinifera l. grapes from conventionally or organically managed cultivars were compared on the basis of their phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, antimicrobial and antimutagenic properties and pesticide loads. promising results on their biological properties suggest that those extracts would be valuable as food preservatives. the antioxidant capacity of conventional extracts was significantly higher, according to the higher content in catechin, epicatechin ... | 2010 | 20870004 |
| evaluation of protein extraction methods for vitis vinifera leaf and root proteome analysis by two-dimensional electrophoresis. | an efficient protein extraction method is crucial to ensure successful separation by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-de) for recalcitrant plant species, in particular for grapevine (vitis vinifera l.). trichloroacetic acid-acetone (tca-acetone) and phenol extraction methods were evaluated for proteome analysis of leaves and roots from the tunisian cultivar 'razegui'. the phenol-based protocol proved to give a higher protein yield, a greater spot resolution, and a minimal streaking on 2-de gel ... | 2010 | 20883445 |
| structure-activity relationships of polyphenols to prevent lipid oxidation in pelagic fish muscle. | the influence of polymerization (number of monomers) and galloylation (content of esterified gallates) of oligomeric catechins (proanthocyanidins) on their effectiveness to prevent lipid oxidation in pelagic fish muscle was evaluated. non-galloylated oligomers of catechin with diverse mean polymerization (1.9-3.4 monomeric units) were extracted from pine ( pinus pinaster ) bark. homologous fractions with galloylation ranging from 0.25 to <1 gallate group per molecule were obtained from grape ( v ... | 2010 | 20925315 |
| rapd analysis of selected local turkish grape cultivars (vitis vinifera). | turkey is very rich in local grape varieties. the solution to the problem of identifying local cultivars, which is considered an important deficiency for the region, will only be possible when they can be defined with molecular markers. forty-nine local grapevine cultivars from şanlıurfa (turkey) were characterized with rapd markers. twenty-five decamer primers selected from 60 primers were used in this analysis. a total of 171 bands were obtained with the 25 primers, of which 112 were polymorph ... | 2010 | 20927716 |
| effects of grape pomace antioxidant extract on oxidative stress and inflammation in diet induced obese mice. | norton grape is one of the most important wine grapes in southern and midwestern states and generates massive pomace byproducts. the objective of this study is to characterize the antioxidant compounds and activity in norton grape pomace extract (gpe) and further assess the potential health promoting properties of norton gpe using an animal disease model. the total phenolic content and anthocyanins in norton gpe were 475.4 mg of gallic acid equiv/g and 156.9 mg of cyanidin 3-glucoside equiv/g, r ... | 2010 | 20929236 |
| variation in pathogenicity and aggressiveness of erysiphe necator from different vitis spp. and geographic origins in the eastern united states. | eastern north america is considered the center of diversity for many vitis spp. and for the grape powdery mildew pathogen, erysiphe necator. however, little is known about populations of e. necator from wild vitis spp. we determined the phenotypic variation in pathogenicity and aggressiveness of e. necator among isolates from wild and domesticated vitis spp. from diverse geographic regions in the eastern united states. to test pathogenicity, we inoculated 38 e. necator isolates on three wild vit ... | 2010 | 20932167 |
| pr-1 gene family of grapevine: a uniquely duplicated pr-1 gene from a vitis interspecific hybrid confers high level resistance to bacterial disease in transgenic tobacco. | a functional contribution of pathogenesis-related 1 (pr-1) proteins to host defense has been established. however, systematic investigation of the pr-1 gene family in grapevine (vitis spp.) has not been conducted previously. through mining genomic databases, we identified 21 pr-1 genes from the vitis vinifera genome. polypeptides encoded by putative pr-1 genes had a signal sequence of about 25 residues and a mature protein of 10.9-29 kda in size. pr-1 mature proteins contained a highly conserved ... | 2010 | 20967449 |
| preliminary results on the effects of grape (vitis vinifera) seed condensed tannins on in vitro intestinal digestibility of the lupin (lupinus angustifolius) seed protein fraction in small ruminants. | condensed tannins (ct) from grape seeds (vitis vinifera l.) were added to complex the protein fraction of lupinus angustifolius seeds. three ct/protein ratios were used: 96 mg/g (t(1) ), 180 mg/g (t(2) ) and 0 mg/g (t(0) ). the cp losses in the rumen were assessed by the nylon-bag technique and cp intestinal digestibility (cpid) was estimated using an in vitro assay applying a three-step procedure: samples were subject to rumen degradation (in situ, 16 h) and the remaining residues were subject ... | 2010 | 21039934 |
| amelioration of tamoxifen-induced liver injury in rats by grape seed extract, black seed extract and curcumin. | liver injury was induced in female rats using tamoxifen (tam). grape seeds (vitis vinifera) extract (gse), black seed (nigella sativa) extract (nse), curcumin (cur) or silymarin (syl) were orally administered to tam-intoxicated rats. liver histopathology of tam-intoxicated:rats showed pathological changes. tam-intoxication elicited declines in liver antioxidant enzymes levels (glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase and catalase), reduced glutathione (gsh) and gsh/gss ... | 2010 | 21046982 |
| genomic tools development for aquilegia: construction of a bac-based physical map. | the genus aquilegia, consisting of approximately 70 taxa, is a member of the basal eudicot lineage, ranuculales, which is evolutionarily intermediate between monocots and core eudicots, and represents a relatively unstudied clade in the angiosperm phylogenetic tree that bridges the gap between these two major plant groups. aquilegia species are closely related and their distribution covers highly diverse habitats. these provide rich resources to better understand the genetic basis of adaptation ... | 2010 | 21059242 |
| a candidate gene association study on muscat flavor in grapevine (vitis vinifera l.). | the sweet, floral flavor typical of muscat varieties (muscats), due to high levels of monoterpenoids (geraniol, linalool and nerol), is highly distinct and has been greatly appreciated both in table grapes and in wine since ancient times. muscat flavor determination in grape (vitis vinifera l.) has up to now been studied by evaluating monoterpenoid levels through qtl analysis. these studies have revealed co-localization of 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase (vvdxs) with the major qtl positi ... | 2010 | 21062440 |
| a single dominant locus, ren4, confers rapid non-race-specific resistance to grapevine powdery mildew. | in the present study we screened the progeny of vitis vinifera × v. romanetii populations segregating for resistance to powdery mildew and determined the presence of a single, dominant locus, ren4, conferring rapid and extreme resistance to the grapevine powdery mildew fungus erysiphe necator. in each of nine ren4 pseudo-backcross 2 (pbc(2)) and pbc(3) populations (1,030 progeny), resistance fit a 1:1 segregation ratio and overall segregated as 543 resistant progeny to 487 susceptible. in full-s ... | 2011 | 21091183 |
| modified magnetic nanoparticles in an electrochemical method for the ochratoxin a determination in vitis vinifera red grapes tissues. | this work described the development and characterization of an electrochemical method using square wave voltammetry (swv) combined with the use of modified magnetic nanoparticles (mnps), which had shown a rapid and sensitive determination of ochratoxin a (ota) in wine grapes (cabernet sauvignon, malbec and syrah) post-harvest tissues. the wine grapes were inoculated with aspergillus ochraceus to obtain ota in artificially infected samples. the ota was directly determined using square-wave voltam ... | 2010 | 21111187 |
| molecular characterization and expression analysis on two isogenes encoding 3-deoxy-d: -arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate synthase in grapes. | 3-deoxy-d: -arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate synthase (dahps) is an entry enzyme of the shikimate pathway that connects primary carbohydrate metabolism with the biosynthesis of most secondary metabolites in plants. in the present study, two dahps cdnas were cloned from grape berries (vitis vinifera) and designated as vvdahps-1 and vvdahps-2. these two cdna sequences share 75.7% of the identities. their dna corresponding to the two isogenes both contain four introns. the deduced proteins from tw ... | 2010 | 21132375 |
| biosynthesis of anthocyanins and their regulation in colored grapes. | anthocyanins, synthesized via the flavonoid pathway, are a class of crucial phenolic compounds which are fundamentally responsible for the red color of grapes and wines. as the most important natural colorants in grapes and their products, anthocyanins are also widely studied for their numerous beneficial effects on human health. in recent years, the biosynthetic pathway of anthocyanins in grapes has been thoroughly investigated. their intracellular transportation and accumulation have also been ... | 2010 | 21150825 |
| five phylogenetic groups identified in the coat protein gene of grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 obtained from portuguese grapevine varieties. | the genetic variability and population structure of grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (glrav-3) variants were updated by examining the diversity within the viral coat protein (cp) gene among 174 isolates belonging to a collection of vitis vinifera representing most of the portuguese varieties. phylogenetic analysis revealed the existence of five well-defined clusters. three of these correspond to previously defined groups, another corresponds to variants from chile for which only one sequenc ... | 2010 | 21153745 |
| analysis of polymorphism based on sscp markers in gamma-irradiated (co60) grape (vitis vinifera) varieties. | the effects of induced mutation produced by five different doses of gamma irradiation (20, 25, 30, 40, and 45 gy) were determined using molecular approaches in vitis vinifera cultivars, namely thompson seedless (sultani çekirdeksiz) (progenitor of seedless vinifera variety) and kalecik karasi (one of the best quality wine grape variety of turkey). mutant candidates were selected through morphological observations of mutation-induced phenotypic changes during the first, second and third vegetatio ... | 2010 | 21157704 |
| quantitation of grapevine leafroll associated virus-1 and -3, grapevine virus a, grapevine fanleaf virus and grapevine fleck virus in field-collected vitis vinifera l. 'nebbiolo' by real-time reverse transcription-pcr. | taqman one-step real-time qrt-pcr assays were developed for the quantitation of grapevine leafroll associated virus-1 and -3 (glrav-1 and -3), grapevine virus a (gva), grapevine fanleaf virus (gflv) and grapevine fleck virus (gfkv) in vitis vinifera l. virus load in the progenies of three 'nebbiolo' clones planted in two experimental vineyards in piemonte (northwestern italy), and carrying the viruses in different combinations, was evaluated. quantitation primers were designed on the rna-depende ... | 2010 | 21167205 |
| bacterial endosymbiont localization in hyalesthes obsoletus, the insect vector of bois noir in vitis vinifera. | one emerging disease of grapevine in europe is bois noir (bn), a phytoplasmosis caused by "candidatus phytoplasma solani" and spread in vineyards by the planthopper hyalesthes obsoletus (hemiptera: cixiidae). here we present the first full characterization of the bacterial community of this important disease vector collected from bn-contaminated areas in piedmont, italy. length heterogeneity pcr and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis targeting the 16s rrna gene revealed the presenc ... | 2010 | 21183640 |
| evaluation of hemostatic effects of ankaferd as an alternative medicine. | ankaferd blood stopper (abs), a unique traditional herbal mixture, has been used topically to stop bleeding for centuries in anatolia. abs is a standardized mixture of the plants thymus vulgaris, glycyrrhiza glabra, vitis vinifera, alpinia officinarum, and urtica dioica. through its effects on the endothelium, blood cells, angiogenesis, cellular proliferation, vascular dynamics, and cell mediators, abs is now becoming an official alternative hemostatic medicine for intractable bleedings that are ... | 2010 | 21194248 |
| response of the vitis vinifera l. cv. 'nebbiolo' proteome to flavescence dorée phytoplasma infection. | flavescence dorée is a serious phytoplasma disease affecting grapevine in several european countries. we studied the interaction of flavescence dorée phytoplasma with its natural plant host by monitoring the effects of infection on the protein expression profile. among the 576 analyzed spots, 33 proteins were differentially regulated in infected grapevines. grouping into mips functional categories showed proteins involved in metabolism (21%), energy processes (9%), protein synthesis (3%), protei ... | 2010 | 21204249 |
| use of the vvmyba1 gene for non-destructive quantification of promoter activity via color histogram analysis in grapevine (vitis vinifera) and tobacco. | we report the development of a convenient plant-based reporter system to analyze promoters and facilitate selection of genetically engineered plants. the vvmyba1 gene of grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) regulates the last metabolic step of anthocyanin biosynthesis and its ectopic expression leads to anthocyanin production in otherwise non-pigmented cells. to develop an anthocyanin-based quantitative reporter system, the vvmyba1 gene was isolated from v. vinifera 'merlot' and placed under control of ... | 2011 | 21229312 |
| 3-sulfanylhexanol precursor biogenesis in grapevine cells: the stimulating effect of botrytis cinerea. | volatile thiols, compounds that contribute strongly to the varietal aroma, are present in much higher concentrations in sweet wines than in dry wines. this positive effect, due to the presence of botrytis cinerea on the berries, in fact results from a strong enrichment of cysteine s-conjugate precursors in botrytized berries. in the present study, a convenient model was investigated to reproduce and therefore study this phenomenon. a vitis vinifera cell culture was used as a simple model, and we ... | 2011 | 21235257 |
| [bioinformatic search for plant homologs of protein kinase bub1--the keypoint of mitotic spindle assembly]. | fourteen plant homologs of animal, yeast and myxomycetes spindle assembly checkpoint protein kinases were identified bioinformatically. it was shown that the closest plant homologues of the bub1 protein kinases are unknown proteins xp_002274770.1 (cbi21878.1) from vitis vinifera, eec82122.1 from oryza sativa indica, eee67244.1 from o. sativa japonica, eef44403.1 from ricinus communis and cal57156.1 from ostreococcus tauri. the reconstruction and analysis of spatial structures of the eec82122.1, ... | 2010 | 21254620 |
| the effectiveness of stilbenes in resistant vitaceae: ultrastructural and biochemical events during plasmopara viticola infection process. | leaves of different vitis vinifera l. cultivars, susceptible or resistant to downy mildew, chasselas, solaris, irac 2091 (cvs. gamaret x bronner) and muscadinia rotundifolia were inoculated with plasmopara viticola. samples were then examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, by light microscopy and for their ability to synthesise stilbenes. these phytoalexins were strictly analysed at infection sites. in the susceptible chasselas, p. viticola colonises, at 72h post-infection (hp ... | 2010 | 21256040 |
| comparison of foliar and soil formulations of neonicotinoid insecticides for control of potato leafhopper, empoasca fabae (homoptera: cicadellidae), in wine grapes. | the potential of systemic neonicotinoid insecticides to control potato leafhopper, empoasca fabae (harris), a damaging pest of wine grapes in the eastern united states, was investigated. soil or foliar applications were made to potted or field-grown vines, and the response of leafhoppers was determined in clip cages over the following month on young or mature leaves. | 2011 | 21268231 |
| genome-wide analysis of the set domain group family in grapevine. | the set domain group (sdg) proteins represent an evolutionarily-conserved family of epigenetic regulators present in eukaryotes and are putative candidates for the catalysis of lysine methylation in histones. plant genomes analyses of this family have been performed in arabidopsis, maize, and rice and functional studies have shown that sdg genes are involved in the control of plant development. in this work, we describe the identification and structural characterization of sdg genes in the vitis ... | 2011 | 21293861 |
| wound-healing properties of the oils of vitis vinifera and vaccinium macrocarpon. | vitis vinifera (grape) and vaccinium macrocarpon (cranberry) are well known medicinal plants; most of the pharmacologically active phytochemicals have been isolated from the skin, fruit juice, fermented extract and alcohol fractions of the plants above. here, the pharmacological properties of the phytochemical constituents present in oils of cranberry and grape were investigated. the oil of grape and cranberry has been evaluated for their wound healing activity by using an excision wound model i ... | 2011 | 21305631 |
| haplotype composition at the color locus is a major genetic determinant of skin color variation in vitis × labruscana grapes. | skin color is one of the most important fruit traits in grape, and has become greatly diversified due to hybridization and human selection. many studies concerning the genetic control of grape color in european species (vitis vinifera l.), especially the role of myb-related genes, have been reported. on the other hand, there have been few studies of the myb-related genes in grapes belonging to v. ×labruscana l.h. bailey, a subgroup of grapes that originated from the hybridization of v. labrusca ... | 2011 | 21311854 |
| polysaccharide compositions of intervessel pit membranes contribute to pierce's disease resistance of grapevines. | symptom development of pierce's disease (pd) in grapevine (vitis vinifera) depends largely on the ability of the bacterium xylella fastidiosa to use cell wall-degrading enzymes (cwdes) to break up intervessel pit membranes (pms) and spread through the vessel system. in this study, an immunohistochemical technique was developed to analyze pectic and hemicellulosic polysaccharides of intervessel pms. our results indicate that pms of grapevine genotypes with different pd resistance differed in the ... | 2011 | 21343427 |
| mechanisms of powdery mildew resistance in the vitaceae family. | the cultivated grapevine, vitis vinifera, is a member of the vitaceae family, which comprises over 700 species in 14 genera. vitis vinifera is highly susceptible to the powdery mildew pathogen erysiphe necator. however, other species within the vitaceae family have been reported to show resistance to this fungal pathogen, but little is known about the mechanistic basis of this resistance. therefore, the frequency of successful e. necator penetration events, in addition to programmed cell death ( ... | 2010 | 21355998 |
| targets of red grapes: oxidative damage of dna and leukaemia cells. | vitis vinifera is a widespread crop all over the world. the biophenols present in grapes have a remarkable influence on wine quality and also confer potential health-protecting properties to this fruit. the aim of the present work was to assess the beneficial properties of skin, seeds and pulp of red table grapes (rtg) (vitis vinifera, palieri cadiz variety). two potential beneficial activities of red table grapes (rtg) were analyzed: (i) the maintenance of genomic stability studying their genot ... | 2011 | 21366047 |
| spliceosomal intron size expansion in domesticated grapevine (vitis vinifera). | | 2011 | 21385391 |
| effect of myricetin on deoxycorticosterone acetate (doca)-salt-hypertensive rats. | chronic administration of myricetin (100 and 300ôçëmgôçëkg(-1), p.o., for 4 weeks) isolated from vitis vinifera (vitaceae) ameliorated hypertension and oxidative stress induced by deoxycorticosterone acetate (doca)-salt in rats. myricetin treatment reduced systolic blood pressure, vascular reactivity changes and reversed the doca-induced increase in heart rate. urinary sodium excretion was significantly decreased in animals treated with myricetin compared to the doca group when measured by flame ... | 2011 | 21391110 |
| genetic diversity in the 3' terminal 4.7-kb region of grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3. | grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (glrav-3; ampelovirus, closteroviridae), associated with grapevine leafroll disease, is an important pathogen found across all major grape-growing regions of the world. the genetic diversity of glrav-3 in napa valley, ca, was studied by sequencing 4.7 kb in the 3' terminal region of 50 isolates obtained from vitis vinifera 'merlot'. glrav-3 isolates were subdivided into four distinct phylogenetic clades. no evidence of positive selection was observed in the ... | 2011 | 21391825 |
| vascular-specific expression of gus and gfp reporter genes in transgenic grapevine (vitis vinifera l. cv. albari+¦o) conferred by the egccr promoter of eucalyptus gunnii. | in the view of the economic importance of grapevine and the increasing threaten represented by vascular diseases, transgenic grapevine with enhanced tolerance could represent an attractive opportunity. hitherto, constitutive promoters have been used generally to study the effects of transgene expression in grapevine. given the fact that constitutive gene expression may be harmful to the host plant, affecting plant growth and development, the use of tissue -specific promoters restricting gene exp ... | 2011 | 21393008 |
| construction of a reference linkage map of vitis amurensis and genetic mapping of rpv8, a locus conferring resistance to grapevine downy mildew. | downy mildew, caused by the oomycete plasmopara viticola, is one of the major threats to grapevine. all traditional cultivars of grapevine (vitis vinifera) are susceptible to downy mildew, the control of which requires regular application of fungicides. in contrast, many sources of resistance to p. viticola have been described in the vitis wild species, among which is v. amurensis rupr. (vitaceae), a species originating from east asia. a genetic linkage map of v. amurensis, based on 122 simple s ... | 2011 | 21404060 |
| impact of quillaja saponaria saponins on grapevine ecosystem organisms. | the control of grapevine pathogens is a rising concern in vitis vinifera culture. the current international trend is toward banning chemicals that are highly toxic to the environment and human workers, and adopting tighter regulations. we evaluated the impact of saponins on three kinds of organisms found in grapevine culture. the ectoparasitic nematode xiphinema index, the parasitic fungus botrytis cinerea and various yeast strains representative of the must fermentation population were incubate ... | 2011 | 21442351 |
| photoprotective effects of 2 natural products on ultraviolet b-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in skh-1 mouse skin. | abstract solar ultraviolet radiation (uv) is the major cause of nonmelanoma skin cancer in humans. photochemoprevention with natural products represents a simple but very effective strategy for the management of cutaneous neoplasia. we studied the photoprotective activity of calluna vulgaris and red grape seed (vitis vinifera l, burgund mare variety [bm]) extracts in vivo in an skh-1 hairless mice skin model. fifty 8-week-old female skh-1 hairless mice were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 10 ... | 2011 | 21470043 |
| impacts of variations in elemental nutrient concentration of chardonnay musts on saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation kinetics and wine composition. | chardonnay, being the predominant white wine-grape cultivar in the australian wine sector, is subject to widely varying winemaking processes with the aim of producing a variety of wine styles. therefore, juice composition might not always be ideal for optimal fermentation outcomes. our aim was to better understand the composition of chardonnay juice and how compositional parameters impact on fermentation outcomes. this was achieved through a survey of 96 commercially prepared chardonnay juices d ... | 2011 | 21476141 |
| engineering saccharomyces cerevisiae to release 3-mercaptohexan-1-ol during fermentation through overexpression of an s. cerevisiae gene, str3, for improvement of wine aroma. | sulfur-containing aroma compounds are key contributors to the flavor of a diverse range of foods and beverages. the tropical fruit characters of vitis vinifera l. cv. sauvignon blanc wines are attributed to the presence of the aromatic thiols 3-mercaptohexan-1-ol (3mh), 3-mercaptohexan-1-ol-acetate, and 4-mercapto-4-methylpentan-2-one (4mmp). these volatile thiols are found in small amounts in grape juice and are formed from nonvolatile cysteinylated precursors during fermentation. in this study ... | 2011 | 21478306 |
| expression pattern, genomic structure, and promoter analysis of the gene encoding stilbene synthase from chinese wild vitis pseudoreticulata. | the gene encoding stilbene synthase (sts) plays a central role in many biochemical and physiological actions, and its metabolite resveratrol possesses broad-spectrum resistance to pathogens, as well as diverse pharmacological properties, notably an anticancer effect. here, we report the expression analysis of the gene encoding sts and its promoter function from a powdery mildew (pm)-resistant chinese wild vitis pseudoreticulata, and compare it with two pm-susceptible cultivated grapevines, vitis ... | 2011 | 21504880 |
| vitis vinifera vvnpr1.1 is the functional ortholog of atnpr1 and its overexpression in grapevine triggers constitutive activation of pr genes and enhanced resistance to powdery mildew. | studying grapevine (vitis vinifera) innate defense mechanisms is a prerequisite to the development of new protection strategies, based on the stimulation of plant signaling pathways to trigger pathogen resistance. two transcriptional coactivators (vvnpr1.1 and vvnpr1.2) with similarity to arabidopsis thaliana npr1 (non-expressor of pr genes 1), a well-characterized and key signaling element of the salicylic acid (sa) pathway, were recently isolated in vitis vinifera. in this study, functional ch ... | 2011 | 21505863 |
| effectiveness of insecticides in controlling the first and second generations of the lobesia botrana (lepidoptera: tortricidae) in table grapes. | the moth lobesia botrana (denis & schiffermüller) (lepidoptera: tortricidae) is a key pest of table and wine grape (vitis spp.) varieties in cyprus. many different insecticide combinations were applied for three consecutive years (2006-2008) in a sultana seedless table grape vineyard, aimed at controlling the first and second generations of this pest under warm and dry mediterranean climatic conditions. in cyprus, sultana is the main early maturing table grape variety grown in the country. l. bo ... | 2011 | 21510208 |
| generation and characterization of anti-chitinase monoclonal antibodies. | class iv chitinase, an allergenic protein of vitis vinifera (grape), was purified by anion exchange chromatography and used for immunization of balb/c mice. monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were raised by hybridoma technology using sp2/0 myeloma cells. finally after three limiting dilutions, six stable clones were generated. antibody isotyping showed that igg(2a), igg(2b), and igm were produced by one, two, and three of the clones, respectively. all of the mabs had kappa light chain. the affinities ... | 2011 | 21529287 |
| isolation and selection of yeasts from wine grape ecosystem secreting cold-active pectinolytic activity. | the present study was undertaken with the purpose of selecting yeasts from wine grapes that are able to produce extracellular cold-active pectinases. after two consecutive selections yeast isolates were identified by pheno- and genotyping, and pectinolytic activity was preliminarily characterised at proximate winemaking conditions. out of 1023 indigenous microorganisms isolated from grape skins of d.o. san rafael (mendoza, argentina) viticulture region, 565 (55%) showed pectinolytic activity on ... | 2011 | 21529977 |
| physicochemical, nutritional, and antimicrobial properties of wine grape (cv. merlot) pomace extract-based films. | wine grape pomace (wgp) (cv. merlot) extract-based films were studied in terms of their physicochemical, mechanical, water barrier, nutritional, and antibacterial properties. pomace extract (pe) was obtained by hot water extraction and had a total soluble solid of 3.6% and ph 3.65. plant-based polysaccharides, low methoxyl pectin (lmp, 0.75% w/w), sodium alginate (sa, 0.3% w/w), or ticafilm (tf, 2% w/w), was added into pe for film formation, respectively. elongation at break and tensile strength ... | 2011 | 21535831 |
| oviposition site preferences and performance in natural resources in the human commensals drosophila melanogaster and d. simulans. | the choice of egg laying site and progeny's performance in a rearing site are important components of habitat selection. despite the huge amount of genetic, morphological, behavioral and physiological data regarding drosophila melanogaster meigen and d. simulans sturtevant, oviposition site preferences remain poorly known. we investigated resource preference (acceptance and choice) and performance (measured as larval viability, developmental time and wing size) in vitis vinifera linneo (grape) a ... | 2011 | 21540639 |
| xylem structure of four grape varieties and 12 alternative hosts to the xylem-limited bacterium xylella fastidious. | background and aims the bacterium xylella fastidiosa (xf), responsible for pierce's disease (pd) of grapevine, colonizes the xylem conduits of vines, ultimately killing the plant. however, vitis vinifera grapevine varieties differ in their susceptibility to xf and numerous other plant species tolerate xf populations without showing symptoms. the aim of this study was to examine the xylem structure of grapevines with different susceptibilities to xf infection, as well as the xylem structure of no ... | 2011 | 21546428 |
| anticoagulant effect of polyphenols-rich extracts from black chokeberry and grape seeds. | blood coagulation consists of a series of zymogens that can be converted by limited proteolysis to active enzymes leading to the generation of thrombin. fresh plasma and human thrombin was incubated with extracts from berries of aronia melanocarpa or seeds of vitis vinifera (0.5; 5; 50μg/ml). the in vitro experiments showed that both extracts prolonged clotting time and decreased the maximal velocity of fibrin polymerization in human plasma. moreover thrombin incubation with both extracts result ... | 2011 | 21596108 |
| incidence of fumonisin b(2) production by aspergillus niger in portuguese wine regions. | fumonisin b(2) (fb(2)) was recently found to be produced by aspergillus niger . when grape-derived products were subsequently analyzed, fb(2) contamination was found in raisins, must, and wine. this study evaluated 681 strains of black aspergilli species isolated from portuguese wine grapes for fb(2) production when grown on czapek yeast agar. fb(2) was not detected in aspergillus carbonarius (n = 75) or aspergillus ibericus (n = 9) strains, but it was detected in 176 (29%) of the strains belong ... | 2011 | 21668017 |