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[the genetic polymorphism of the grape studied by rapd analysis].genetic polymorphism in plant of 3 genera of vitaceae family, 11 species of vitis genera, 10 cultivars of vitis vinifera and 4 cultivars that obtained from distant hybridization was studied. according to date of rapd analysis genetic distances were determined and phylogenetic dendrogram was constructed. the possibility of using pcr for evaluation of breeding material by the levels of genetic relations was shown.20089139436
a whole-plant, open, gas-exchange system for measuring net photosynthesis of potted woody plants.chambers were constructed to measure gas exchange of entire potted grapevines (vitis vinifera l.). the plant enclosures were constructed from mylar film, which is nearly transparent to photosynthetically active radiation. maintaining a slight, positive, internal pressure allowed the mylar chambers to inflate like balloons and required no other means of support. the whole-plant, gas-exchange chamber design and construction were simple and inexpensive. they were assembled easily, equilibrated quic ...199611540961
mono- and diglycosides of (e)-6,9-dihydroxymegastigma-4,7-dien-3-one in vitis vinifera wine.two beta-d-glucopyranosides and two 6-o-beta-d-apiofuranosyl-beta-d-glucopyranosides of (e)-6,9-dihydroxymegastigma-4,7-dien-3-one were isolated from vitis vinifera cv. gewürztraminer wine and their structures were established by nmr spectroscopy.19968987582
isolation and characterization of new polymorphic simple sequence repeat loci in grape (vitis vinifera l.).four new simple sequence repeat (ssr) loci (designated vvmd5, vvmd6, vvmd7, and vvmd8) were characterized in grape and analyzed by silver staining in 77 cultivars of vitis vinifera. amplification products ranged in size from 141 to 263 base pairs (bp). the number of alleles observed per locus ranged from 5 to 11 and the number of diploid genotypes per locus ranged from 13 to 27. at each locus at least 75% of the cultivars were heterozygous. alleles differing in length by only 1 bp could be disti ...199618469922
characterization of vitis vinifera l. glutamine synthetase and molecular cloning of cdnas for the cytosolic enzyme.grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) glutamine synthetase (gs) was analysed into two distinct classes of isoforms; one of them was present in both leaf and root tissues while the other one showed leaf specificity. western blot analysis revealed that grapevine gs consists of three types of polypeptides of distinct size and differential tissue specificity. two structurally distinct cdna clones, pgs1;1 and pgs1;2, encoding grapevine gs were isolated from a cell suspension library and characterized. both c ...19968843941
condensed tannin and anthocyanin production in vitis vinifera cell suspension cultures.suspension cultures of vitis vinifera were cultured in different media in order to establish a model system for promoting high levels of phenolic substances identical with those found in wine. these media were: a low sucrose maintenance medium (mm) and four high sucrose media (differing mainly in sucrose and mineral contents) which were shown to induce secondary metabolism. in mm medium, polyphenol accumulation in the cells was low, and concentrations of 0.1 mg/gfw for condensed tannins and 0.3 ...199624178167
sugar accumulation in grape berries. cloning of two putative vacuolar invertase cdnas and their expression in grapevine tissues.during grape berry (vitis vinifera l.) ripening, sucrose transported from the leaves is accumulated in the berry vacuoles as glucose and fructose. to study the involvement of invertase in grape berry ripening, we have cloned two cdnas (gin1 and gin2) from berries. the cdnas encode translation products that are 62% identical to each other and both appear to be vacuolar forms of invertase. both genes are expressed in a variety of tissues, including berries, leaves, roots, seeds, and flowers, but t ...19968685267
growth kinetics of vitis vinifera cell suspension cultures: i. shake flask cultures.vitis vinifera cell suspension cultures carried out in shake flasks were closely examined for biomass growth and cell division in relation to carbohydrate, nh(4), no(3)po(4), and dissolved oxygen (do)consumption. after inoculation, the oxygen uptake rate of the cultures measured on-tine was observed to increase continuously to a maximum value of 3.8 mmol o(2)l(-1)h(-1) at day 7 when cell division ceased and dissolved oxygen reached its lowest level of 17% air saturation. during this first phase ...199518623385
a model that links growth and secondary metabolite production in plant cell suspension cultures.plant cell suspensions of grape cells (vitis vinifera l. cv. gamay fréaux) were grown in shake flasks operated both in the batch and semicontinuous mode. a mathematical model was developed to describe grape cell growth, sucrose uptake, and secondary metabolite (anthocyanin) production. parameters were estimated from batch studies data. the model was able to predict results for semicontinuous experiments by only modifying the value of four of these parameters. the modified parameters (maximum spe ...199518623314
the plant inorganic pyrophosphatase does not transport k+ in vacuole membrane vesicles multilabeled with fluorescent probes for h+, k+, and membrane potential.it has been claimed that the inorganic pyrophosphatase (ppase) of the plant vacuolar membrane transports k+ in addition to h+ in intact vacuoles (davies, j. m., poole, r. j., rea, p. a., and sanders, d. (1992) proc. natl. acad. sci. u.s.a. 89, 11701-11705). since this was not confirmed using the purified and reconstituted ppase consisting of a 75-kda polypeptide (sato, m.h., kasahara, m., ishii, n., homareda, h., matsui, h., and yoshida, m. (1994) j. biol. chem. 269, 6725-6728), these authors pr ...19957876200
somatic embryogenesis and plant development from immature zygotic embryos of seedless grapes (vitis vinifera l.).somatic embryo formation occurred from immature zygotic embryos within ovules of stenospermocarpic seedless grapes (vitis vinifera l.), when cultured for two months on liquid emershad/ramming medium. somatic embryos continued to proliferate after excision and transfer to emershad/ramming medium supplemented with 1 μm benzylaminopurine and 0.65% tc agar. plant development from somatic embryos was influenced by genotype, medium, phase (liquid, agar), stage (torpedo, mature) and their interactions. ...199424194218
growth and development of roots of grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) in relation to water uptake from soil.developmental patterns of lateral roots and their vascular differentiation were investigated for vitis vinifera l. cv. shiraz to assess the likely contribution of lateral roots to total water uptake of plants subjected to different irrigation regimes. correlation analyses showed a significant positive correlation between main root diameter and the diameter of first order lateral roots of well-watered plants, but in water-stressed plants the two were not significantly correlated. the correlations ...199419700465
free radicals scavenging action and anti-enzyme activities of procyanidines from vitis vinifera. a mechanism for their capillary protective action.the scavenging by procyanidines (polyphenol oligomers from vitis vinifera seeds, cas 85594-37-2) of reactive oxygen species (ros) involved in the onset (ho degrees) and the maintenance of microvascular injury (lipid radicals r degrees, ro degrees, roo degrees) has been studied in phosphatidylcholine liposomes (pcl), using two different models of free radical generation: a) iron-promoted and b) ultrasound-induced lipid peroxidation. in a) lipid peroxidation was assessed by determination of thioba ...19948024628
oxidative stress in recalcitrant tissue cultures of grapevine.thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (tbars), and fluorescent compounds with spectral characteristics typical of products associated with oxidative stress in senescent and aging plant and animal cells, were detected in tissue cultures of the recalcitrant grapevine vitis vinifera l. cultivar, sultanina. these compounds increased during the early stages of dedifferentiation (callogenesis) of nodal stem explants. catalase activity was not detected in the original explant, but was induced during ...19948063199
restriction fragment length polymorphism and molecular taxonomy in vitis vinifera l.forty-six accessions of grapevine (v. vinifera l.) were compared by restriction fragment length polmorphism (rflp) analysis, and 111 informative or unique restriction fragments were found that revealed an important level of polymorphism. rflp patterns were compared in two ways: by calculating electrophoretic similarity degree values further analyzed by principal component analysis and by studying the distribution of rare restriction fragments. six taxonomic groups could be defined, which partial ...199324190315
a narrow-bore hplc method for the identification and quantitation of free, conjugated, and bound polyamines.a modified sensitive high-pressure liquid chromatography (hplc) method, using a narrow-bore column (2.1 x 200 mm, c-18, 5-microns particle size) with a methanol:water gradient (55-84%, v/v), is described for direct analysis of benzoylated free (s), soluble-conjugated (sh), and insoluble-bound (ph) polyamines in plant tissues. regression curves for each fraction of polyamines allow a precise quantitative determination of putrescine, cadaverine, spermidine, spermine, and agmatine in all fractions ...19938109737
purification and characterization of geranyl diphosphate synthase from vitis vinifera l. cv muscat de frontignan cell cultures.a geranyl diphosphate synthase (ec 2.5.1.1), which catalyzes the formation of geranyl diphosphate from dimethylallyl diphosphate and isopentenyl diphosphate, was isolated from vitis vinifera l. cv muscat de frontignan cell cultures. purification of the enzyme was achieved successively by ammonium sulfate precipitation and chromatography on deae-sephacel, hydroxylapatite, mono q, phenyl superose, superose 12, and preparative nondenaturing polyacrylamide gels. the enzyme formed only geranyl diphos ...199312231811
control of citrinin caused nephrotoxicosis through aqueous leaf extract of vitis vinifera l., mercurious corrossivus and cortisone. 19938359859
ph-induced kinetic co-operativity of a thylakoid-bound polyphenol oxidase.a study of the catecholase activity of a latent plant polyphenol oxidase, extracted and purified from the chloroplast membranes of grapes (vitis vinifera cv. airen), revealed for the first time a lag phase above ph 5.0, whereas a steady-state rate was reached immediately when ph values were lower, thus suggesting the hysteretic nature of the enzyme. during steady state, the enzyme showed negative co-operativity concomitant with the presence of the lag period, and followed classical michaelis-men ...19921530593
aberrant processing of polyphenol oxidase in a variegated grapevine mutant.bruce's sport is a mutant grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) with green and white variegated fruit derived from the sultana variety. the white regions of tissue have decreased polyphenol oxidase (ppo) activity resulting in a reduced capacity for browning. active ppo from sultana grapes was purified and had an apparent molecular weight of 40,000 on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. western blots indicated that mature sultana grapes contained a single 40-kilodalton ppo, and you ...199216669082
ammonium-induced increase in nadh-glutamate dehydrogenase activity is caused by de-novo synthesis of the α-subunit.when callus derived from shoot segments of vitis vinifera l. was transferred to ammonium-containing medium the aminating activity of nad(h)-glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh, ec 1.4.1.2) increased significantly. this increase in enzyme activity closely paralleled an increase in the protein of the gdh α-subunit (43.0 kda), as detected by sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds) gel electrophoresis and western-blotting. a similar correlation was observed between the deaminating activity and the β-subunit (42.5 kda ...199224178072
evidence for a geranyl-diphosphate synthase located within the plastids of vitis vinifera l. cultivated in vitro.intact plastids from cell suspensions of vitis vinifera l. cv. muscat de frontignan, free of detectable contamination by other particles as judged by the distribution of organelle-specific marker enzymes and by electron microscopy, exhibit geranyl-diphosphate synthase activity (ec 2.5.1.1). this synthase activity remains stable after tryptic digestion of unlysed organelles and is enhanced by plastid disruption. we conclude that the enzyme is located within the organelle. the possibility of an is ...199224178039
analytical methods for monoterpene glycosides in grape and wine. ii. qualitative and quantitative determination of monoterpene glycosides in grape.free and glycosidically bound terpenes of five vitis vinifera grape cultivars (muscat of alexandria, muscat of frontignan, muscat of hamburg, muscat ottonel and gewürztraminer) were investigated. the free and bound fractions were separated by selective retention on amberlite xad-2 resin. the glycosidic fractions were analysed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using either enzymic hydrolysis and subsequent analysis of the released aglycones or trimethylsilyl (tms) and ...19921577909
biological evidence of an oviposition-deterring pheromone inlobesia botrana den. et schiff. (lepidoptera, tortricidae).females of the european grapevine moth (lobesia botrana den. et schiff.) usually deposit isolated eggs on flowers and berries of the grapevine (vitis vinifera l.). we have investigated whether an epideictic pheromone could be present on the egg surface to explain this spacing behavior. about 21,000 eggs ofl. botrana were washed in cold methanol, and the biological activity was tested in a two-choice bioassay offering treated and nontreated areas. different dilutions of the extract were tested in ...199224254941
hysteresis and cooperative behavior of a latent plant polyphenoloxidase.appearance of a lag period dependent on ph in the expression of the catecholase activity of a polyphenoloxidase extracted in a latent state from airen grape (vitis vinifera l.) berries, is revealed, suggesting the hysteretic nature of the enzyme. the lag time was independent of enzyme concentration, indicating that slow ph-induced conformational changes in the protein must occur during assay. results obtained by varying substrate concentration show that the system presents hyperbolic or cooperat ...199216668711
oxidation of hydroquinone by both cellular and extracellular grapevine peroxidase fractions.the oxidation of hydroquinone by two peroxidase (ec 1.11.1.7) fractions obtained from the cells and spent medium of cell cultures of grapevine (vitis vinifera cv monastrell) has been studied, and their comparative efficacy (kcat/km ratio) studied in both the h2o2-consuming and hydroquinone-consuming reactions. while the efficacy in the h2o2-consuming reaction is practically identical for both enzyme fractions, the cellular peroxidase has five-fold more efficacy in the hydroquinone-consuming reac ...19921316172
plant nad(h)-glutamate dehydrogenase consists of two subunit polypeptides and their participation in the seven isoenzymes occurs in an ordered ratio.the structure and function of nad(h)-glutamate dehydrogenase in plants was studied by using grapevine (vitis vinifera l. cv sultanina) callus grown under different nitrogen sources. the enzyme consists of two subunit-polypeptides, alpha and beta, with similar antigenic properties but with different molecular mass and charge. the two polypeptides have molecular masses of 43.0 and 42.5 kilodaltons, respectively. the holoenzyme is hexameric and is resolved into seven isoenzymes by native gel electr ...199116668355
effects of low nitrate and high sugar concentrations on anthocyanin content and composition of grape (vitis vinifera l.) cell suspension.in pigmented cells of vitis vinifera suspension cultures, best accumulation of anthocyanins was obtained when nitrate concentration was reduced from 25 mm to 6.25 mm and when sucrose concentration was increased from 88 mm to 132 mm. under such conditions growth was greatly decreased. however, cell viability was maintained. the increases in anthocyanins in pigmented cells were due largely to increases in peonidin - glucoside. the high sucrose and the low nitrate concentrations can be one of the i ...199124213789
prenyltransferase compartmentation in cells of vitis vinifera cultivated in vitro.two prenyltransferases were located in cell cultures of vitis vinifera. a geranyl pyrophosphate synthase (ec 2.5.1.1) was associated with plastid-like membranes whereas a farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (ec 2.5.1.10) was found to be soluble.19902226808
kanamycin sensitivity of cultured tissues of vitis.the kanamycin sensitivity of callus growth and adventitious shoot and root formation was studied in several cultivars of vitis vinifera l. and in v. rupestris scheele cv. st. george to investigate the suitability of kanamycin resistance as a selectable marker for grape transformation. kanamycin concentrations ranged from 0 to 30 mg/l. carbenicillin was added to the medium in all experiments at concentrations of 500 or 250 mg/l, as normally used in cocultivation experiments with agrobacterium. ca ...199024226816
accumulation of anthocyanins enhanced by a high osmotic potential in grape (vitis vinifera l.) cell suspensions.a cell suspension of grape, vitis vinifera l. cv gamay fréaux, was grown under different conditions of water stress (high external osmotic potential) induced by an increase of sucrose concentration or by the addition of mannitol to the culture medium. best growth (cell density) was achieved in the low osmotic potential medium. increasing the osmotic potential of the medium from -0.5 mpa to -0.9 mpa medium resulted in a significant increase in accumulation of anthocyanins in pigmented cells. regu ...199024226599
effects of ambient and acute partial pressures of ozone on leaf net co(2) assimilation of field-grown vitis vinifera l.mature, field-grown vitis vinifera l. grapevines grown in open-top chambers were exposed to either charcoal-filtered air or ambient ozone partial pressures throughout the growing season. individual leaves also were exposed to ozone partial pressures of 0.2, 0.4, or 0.6 micropascals per pascal for 5 hours. no visual ozone damage was found on leaves exposed to any of the treatments. chronic exposure to ambient o(3) partial pressures reduced net co(2) assimilation rate (a) between 5 and 13% at vari ...198916667208
net co(2) assimilation and carbohydrate partitioning of grapevine leaves in response to trunk girdling and gibberellic acid application.leaf net co(2) assimilation rate (a), stomatal conductance (g(s)), carboxylation efficiency, and foliar nonstructural carbohydrates were measured on mature, field-grown vitis vinifera l. (cv thompson seedless) vines that had been trunk girdled, sprayed with gibberellic acid, or both, shortly after anthesis. girdling reduced a, g(s), and carboxylation efficiency when measured 2 weeks after imposition of the treatments. diurnal measurements indicated that a of girdled vines was less than that of c ...198916666676
chromium and nickel in roadside grapes.chromium and nickel concentration in roadside unwashed wine grapes and leaves is considered as a function of the distance from the suspected source, an isolated straight road. the analyses were performed with electrothermal atomization in a graphite furnace. the decrease in the concentration of the element can be described by means of a three-parameter exponential function c = a + (b - a)exp(-cd), which allows the determination of the asymptotic level far from the emitting source (c infinity) an ...20132924978
embryogenic cell lines from somatic embryos of grape (vitis vinifera l.).somatic embryo formation occurred on leaf callus of grape (vitis vinifera cv. koshusanjaku). an embryogenic callus was induced from somatic embryo clusters cultured on vitamin-, inositol- and glycine-free nitsch and nitsch (1969) medium supplemented with 1.0μm 2,4-d. this callus has retained a high embryogenic activity after repeated subculture on the same medium for over two years, and has produced numerous embryos after transfer to a hormone-free medium. the effect of cytokinin treatment on so ...198924240462
biosynthesis of phenolic compounds invitis vinifera cell suspension cultures: study on hydroxycinnamoyl coa:ligase.in cell suspensions cultures from grape berry pulp (vitis vinifera cv. gamay fréaux)hydroxycinnamoyl coa ligase (coal) displayed maximum activity (100 %) forp-coumaric acid and then, in decreasing order, for ferulic acid (81.3 %) and caffeic acid (60.4 %). no activity was detected with sinapic and cinnamic acids. the changes in coal activity during the growth cycle of the culture displayed two peaks : the highest (6 h after subculturing) was linked with a strong increase in protein caused by dil ...198924232993
[flavonoids of 3 cultivars vine leaves, vitis vinifera l. var. tinctoria (alicante, carignan, grand noir). value in chemical control].three flavonoids were isolated and identified from the leaves of 3 cultivars vine vitis vinifera l. var. tinctoria (alicante, carignan and grand noir): hyperin, isoquercitrin and quercetin 3-o-beta-d glucuronic acid. tlc analytic control and hplc determination are proposed in this paper.19892637643
resistance to water transport in shoots of vitis vinifera l. : relation to growth at low water potential.apparent resistances to water transport in the liquid phase were determined from measurements of soil, root, basal shoot internode, shoot apex, and leaf water potentials and water flux in vitis vinifera (cv white riesling) during soil drying. predawn water potential differences (deltapsi) in the shoots accounted for 20% of the total deltapsi between the soil and the shoot apex when plants were well-watered but increased to about 90% when shoot growth ceased. the deltapsi from soil to root was es ...198816666373
extractive bioconversion of geraniol by a vitis vinifera cell suspension employing a two-phase system.among the problems associated with the bioconversion of monoterpenes by plant cell suspensions are the toxicity of some substrates and/or products at low concentrations, the transient state of nascent products and the length of time required to obtain the cell suspension. we investigated the extractive bioconversion of geraniol by a vitis vinifera c.v. muscat de frontignan cell suspension in a two-phase system consisting of an aqueous nutrient phase surmounted by a lipid (miglyol 812) phase. thi ...198724248924
dynamic relation between expansion and cellular turgor in growing grape (vitis vinifera l.) leaves.measurements of the growth and water relations of expanding grape (vitis vinifera l.) leaves have been used to determine the relationship between leaf expansion rate and leaf cell turgor. direct measurement of turgor on the small (approximately 15 micrometer diameter) epidermal cells over the midvein of expanding grape leaves was made possible by improvements in the pressure probe technique. leaf expansion rate and leaf water status were perturbed by environmentally induced changes in plant tran ...198716665579
effects of chilling and aba on [h]gibberellin a(4) metabolism in somatic embryos of grape (vitis vinifera l. x v. rupestris scheele).previous work has indicated that changes in gibberellin (ga) metabolism may be involved in chilling-induced release from dormancy in somatic embryos of grape (vitis vinifera l. x v. rupestris scheele). we have chilled somatic embryos of grape for 2, 4, or 8 weeks, then incubated them with [(3)h]ga(4) (of high specific activity, 4.81 x 10(10) becquerel per millimole) for 48 hours at 26 degrees c. chilling had little effect on the total amount of free [(3)h]ga-like metabolites formed during incuba ...198716665447
stimulation of somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from anther culture of vitis vinifera cv. cabernet-sauvignon.somatic embryogenesis and subsequent diploid plants have been obtained from anthers of vitis vinifera cabernet-sauvignon, a cultivar so far considered as recalcitrant to in vitro regeneration. anthers enclosing microspores near the first pollen mitosis were found to be the most responsive. however, from a practical point of view anther length proved to be an easier criterium for determining the optimal physiological anther stage. calli derived from the anther somatic tissues produced embryoids o ...198624248303
changes in the activity of catalase (ec 1.11.1.6) in relation to the dormancy of grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) buds.catalase activity in grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) buds cv. ;perlette.' increased to a maximum in october and thereafter decreased within 3 months to less than half its maximal rate. the decrease in catalase activity coincided with the decline in temperature during winter. the rate of sprouting of buds forced at 23 degrees c was negatively related to the activity of catalase. artificial chilling of grapevine canes at 5 degrees c resulted in a 25% decrease of catalase activity in the buds after 3 ...198616664957
assimilation of 3h in photosynthesizing leaves exposed to hto.potato and wine grape plants were exposed for a period of 4 h to tritiated water vapor, and simultaneously to 14co2 which served as a tracer for photosynthetic assimilation. during and after exposure, foliar samples were collected in which the exchangeable and nonexchangeable fractions of organic 3h were determined, taking care that the exchangeable fraction should not be lost to atmosphere. it was demonstrated that about 20% of the organic h in vegetation could be exchanged with 3h of tissue wa ...19846511427
the effect of atmospheric pollution on vitis vinifera l. pollen ultrastructure under natural conditions.the ultrastructural modification of pollen grains in vitis vinifera l. variety and hybrids in areas of so2 atmospheric pollution (the main polluting so2 usually reaches 2.72 mg/m3), nitrogen oxide, and other gases derived from noniron metal processing factories have been studied. strains 1001 and 1002, resistant varieties, do not undergo ultrastructural modifications. neuburger and issabelle, medium resistant ones, have a heterogeneity in ultrastructural organization from normal forms to forms h ...19846734498
the physiological role of malic enzyme in grape ripening.the high specificity of malic enzyme (me; ec 1.1.1.40) from grape berries (vitis vinifera l.) for the naturally occurring l-enantiomer of malic acid, its very selective c4-decarboxylation, and certain allosteric properties, reported previously, favour the conjecture of a regulatory function of me in fruit malic acid degradation. on the other hand, high me activity was detected even during the acid-accumulating phase of berry development. also, the in vitro reversibility of the reaction supports ...198424258672
endogenous gibberellin-like substances in somatic embryos of grape (vitis vinifera x vitis rupestris) in relation to embryogenesis and the chilling requirement for subsequent development of mature embryos.endogenous gibberellin (ga)-like substances were examined in suspension cultures of somatic embryos of a hybrid grape (vitis vinifera x vitis rupestris) during embryogenesis, and in mature embryos chilled at 4 degrees c, and subsequently incubated at 26 degrees c with and without abscisic acid (aba). the extract was separated into a nonpolar fraction (would contain ga-precursors); a fraction that would contain free gas; and a highly h(2)o-soluble fraction (would contain ga glucosyl conjugates an ...198316663304
determination of c distribution in photosynthetic serine and phosphoglycerate from grape leaves.serine and phosphoglyceric acid are the classical marker intermediates of photorespiration and reductive carbon assimilation in c(3) plants. the present paper introduces a new and fast method for the determination of (14)c distribution in these compounds by selective elimination of c-3 (naio(4)) or c-1 (ninhydrin/ceric sulfate). reproducibility of the procedure was found to be better than +/-1% upon degradation of [u-(14)c]serine and [u-(14)c]glycerate standards.determination of labeling pattern ...198316663262
biogenesis of monoterpenes : bioconversion of citral by a cell suspension culture of muscat grapes.cell suspension cultures of "muscat de frontignan" grapes vitis vinifera l. are able to convert citral (a mixture of neral and geranial) into the corresponding monoterpenic alcohols, nerol and geraniol. the geraniol formed is esterified into geranyl acetate. bioconversion of nerol or geraniol added alone to the cell suspension was also studied. interconversions between these different monoterpenic compounds are described and discussed.198224259016
dormancy in somatic embryos and seeds ofvitis: changes in endogenous abscisic acid during embryogeny and germination.abscisic acid (aba) in extracts of somatic embryos and seeds of gloryvine (vitis vinifera l.xv. rupestris scheele) was measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-selected ion monitoring using deuterated aba, (±)-[c-3me-(2)h3]aba, ([(2)h3]aba) as internal standard. the aba content increased rapidly during embryogeny (0.035 ng/embryo at the globular stage to 0.22 ng/embryo at the mature stage). the level of aba in the tissues of somatic embryos, expressed in ng/mg dry weight, decreased from ...198224275974
tissue origins, cell lineages and patterns of cell division in the developing dermal system of the frut of vitis vinifera l.cell division during development of the dermal system of fruit of the grape cv. gordo is confined to the first growth period. the epidermis is conserved with anticlinal proliferative cell divisions providing for increase in cell number. the hypodermis is the layer of origin of the collenchymatous dermal system. six or seven layers are differentiated by periclinal cell divisions early in the first growth period, and later increase in size is obtained by proliferative anticlinal cell divisions. th ...198124302105
monitoring of grape harvesters for evidence of cholinesterase inhibition.this report describes the results of a long-term monitoring study of 36 grape harvesters who were occupationally exposed to organophosphate pesticide residues following reentry into vineyards during september and october 1976. the study was designed to evaluate biochemical parameters associated with organophosphate pesticide residues. insignificant changes in blood cholinesterase activity were found. some workers had very low levels of organophosphate metabolites in the urine during the entire 6 ...19817265295
flowering in vitis: conversion of tendrils into inflorescences and bunches of grapes.inflorescences and fruits with viable seeds were produced in place of tendrils in plants of vitis vinifera l. cv. "muscat of alexandria" and in a staminate hybrid grapevine (vitis vinifera x v. rupestris scheele) following repeated applications of 10-20 μl of 50-200 μm 6-(benzylamino)-9-(2-tetrahydropyranyl)-9h-purine (pba) to apices. young leaves, shoot tips and axillary buds were removed before the pba treatments were commenced. the number and weight of berries produced by inflorescences deriv ...197924317675
enzymes of krebs-henseleit cycle in vitis vinifera l: iii. in vivo and in vitro studies of arginase.the presence of arginase (ec 3.5.3.7) in various tissues from vitis vinifera l. cultivars was demonstrated by both in vivo and in vitro enzyme assays. initial velocities determined by the two methods were in close agreement. optimum conditions for maximum enzyme activity were 25 to 30 millimolar l-arginine, about 1 millimolar mn(2+) (ph 9.4 to 9.8), and incubation temperature of 37 to 38 c. l-arginine hydrolysis was linear with increasing sliced fresh tissue up to 500 milligrams for in vivo assa ...197816660514
enzymes of krebs-henseleit cycle in vitis vinifera l: ii. arginosuccinate synthetase and lyase.arginosuccinate (asa) synthetase and lyase activities were detected in extracts from vitis vinifera l. cv. chenin blanc mature leaves and seedlings. optimum reaction conditions for asa synthetase were 10 millimolar l-citrulline, 7.5 millimolar l-aspartate, 3 to 4 millimolar atp, 12 millimolar mg(2+) (ph 7.5 to 8.0), enzyme extract up to equivalent of about 200 milligrams of fresh tissue, and incubation temperature of 38 to 40 c. optimum reaction conditions for asa lyase were 4 millimolar asa-k s ...197816660513
enzymes of krebs-henseleit cycle in vitis vinifera l: i. ornithine carbamoyltransferase: isolation and some properties.ornithine carbamoyltransferase (oct) activity was detected in extracts from mature leaves, fruit, germinating seeds, and seedlings of vitis vinifera l. michaelis-menten constants for oct were 3.5 millimolar for carbamyl phosphate and 5.5 millimolar for l-ornithine. concentrations of l-ornithine greater than 10 millimolar slightly inhibited the enzyme, whereas carbamyl phosphate at concentrations greater than the optimal (about 10 millimolar) did not affect oct activity. l-citrulline formation wa ...197816660512
α-glucosidase from grape berries: partial purification and characterization.α-glucosidase (α-d-glucoside glucohydrolase ec 3.2.1.20) was purified approximately 30-fold from grape berries (vitis vinifera var. riesling). besides maltose the enzyme preparation hydrolyzes to a lesser extent maltotriose, isomaltose, and starch. it has a ph optimum of 5.1 and a molecular weight of about 100,000. tris, glycerol, several mono-and disaccharides were tested as inhibitors. the kinetic behavior of ribose, fructose, cellobiose, sucrose, turanose, methylglucopyranoside, tris, and gly ...197824408102
control of flowering in the grapevine (vitis vinifera l.): formation of inflorescences in vitro by isolated tendrils.tendrils produced from shoot tips of grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) cultured in vitro on nitsch's medium developed into inflorescences when 5 to 10 mum benzyladenine (ba) or 6-(benzylamino)-9-(2-tetrahydropyranyl)-9h-purine (pba) were applied directly to the tendril tips. inflorescences did not form on tendrils if the cytokinins were supplied in the agar. tendrils cultured in agitated liquid medium containing ba, pba, or zeatin riboside showed profuse branching and tendrils were transformed into ...197816660225
factors affecting the extraction of intact ribonucleic acid from plant tissues containing interfering phenolic compounds.using conventional methods it is impossible to extract rna as uncomplexed intact molecules from the leaves of grapevines (vitis vinifera l.) and from a number of woody perennial species that contain high levels of reactive phenolic compounds. a procedure involving the use of high concentrations of the chaotropic agent sodium perchlorate prevents the binding of phenolic compounds to rna during extraction. analyses of the phenolics present in plant tissues used in these experiments indicate that t ...197716660134
the effect of fruit-removal on cytokinins and gibberellin-like substances in grape leaves.removal of fruit from potted cuttings of vitis vinifera l. increased the concentration of a cytokininglucoside in leaf tissue extracts and decreased the level of extractable gibberellin-like substances. the glucoside (of zeatin riboside) is not present in xylem exudate of v. vinifera l., and appears to be synthesized in the leaves. berry extracts contain zeatin-riboside and smaller amounts of cytokinin-glucoside. the changes in the level of these hormones are discussed in relation to previous re ...197724420222
changes in anthocyanin and phenolics content of grapevine leaf and fruit tissues treated with sucrose, nitrate, and abscisic acid.sucrose (0.04 to 0.12 m) induces accumulation of both total phenolics and anthocyanin in leaf discs of grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) incubated in intermittent light. abscisic acid (20 mum) and 2-chloroethyl phosphonic acid (60 mum) act synergistically with the sucrose to enhance its induction of both total phenolics and anthocyanin. the magnitude of this interaction depends on leaf age. nitrate (30 mm) inhibits sucrose induction of phenolics and anthocyanin. levels of total phenolics and anthocy ...197616659699
scanning electron microscopy of cell wall formation around isolated plant protoplasts.the process of cell wall regeneration around two species of higher plant protoplasts has been studied using reflection scanning electron microscopy. the first stage in the process is the formation of short fibres from randomly spaced centres. with protoplasts of tobacco leaf (nicotiana tabacum l., cv white burley) these fibres then elongate and interlace apparently at random to give rise to a matted continuous layer of wall. protoplasts of a suspension culture of grapevine cells (vitis vinifera ...197624424768
ultrastructural studies of the binding of concanavalin a to the plasmalemma of higher plant protoplasts.the binding of concanavalin a to the plasmalemma of higher plants has been studied using protoplasts of two species. the lectin aggregates both tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l.) leaf protoplasts and protoplasts prepared from a suspension cell culture of grapevine (vitis vinifera l.). differences in lectin binding have been investigated using concanavalin a conjugated to ferritin or bound to colloidal gold. tobacco protoplasts exhibit continuous and saturated labelling of the plasmalemma surface wit ...197624424545
the influence of temperature on malic acid metabolism in grape berries: i. enzyme responses.phosphoenolpyruvate (pep) carboxylase activity in immature ;carignane' grape berries (vitis vinifera l.) had a temperature optimum of about 38 c, whereas malic enzyme activity rose with increasing temperature between 10 and 46 c. in vitro temperature inactivation rates for the pep carboxylase were markedly greater than for the malic enzyme activity. from the simultaneous action of malic acid-producing enzymes (pep carboxylase and malic dehydrogenase) and malic acid-degradating enzyme (malic enzy ...197516659305
[on the rhizosphere microflora of the grape vine (vitis vinifera ssp. sativa, proles pontica, subproles balcanica, a.m. negrul) "kadarka". ii. effects of antibiotics on the bacteria of rhizosphere and the growth of grape vine influenced by these bacteria (author's transl)]. 19744480499
[on the rhizosphere microflora of the grape vine (vitis vinifera ssp. sativa, proles pontica, subproles balcanica. a.m. negrul) "kadarka". i. morphological, biochemical, and serological characterization of bacteria (author's transl)]. 19744211535
the hormone content of ripening grape berries and the effects of growth substance treatments.berries on field-grown vitis vinifera cv. doradillo were treated at different times during stage ii with benzothiazole-2-oxyacetic acid or 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid, and measurements were made of their growth and hormone content. the concentration of ethylene was low during stage ii and declined as berries ripened. both 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid and benzothiazole-2-oxyacetic acid caused increases in ethylene concentration, yet they had varying effects on ripening: the former applied at the ...197316658384
benzyladenine-induced movement of c-labeled photosynthate into roots of vitis vinifera.roots of vitis vinifera l., were treated with benzyladenine when the plant shoots were 38 cm long. seventy-two hours after benzyladenine treatment, apical or basal leaves on separate shoots were exposed to (14)co(2). control shoots received (14)co(2) but no benzyladenine. application of benzyladenine directed (14)c-photosynthate to roots, but a small amount of radioactivity was detected in the shoot tip when (14)co(2) was administered to an apical leaf. distribution of radioactivity among the su ...197316658327
modification of pattern of photosynthate movement within and between shoots of vitis vinifera l.during the prebloom and bloom stages, no movement of labeled photosynthates occurred from a shoot of vitis vinifera l. fed with (14)co(2), to an adjacent shoot on the same spur. movement of labeled assimilates into the unfed shoot was induced when this shoot was sprayed with 2.89 x 10(-3)m gibberellic acid during the prebloom stage. during the bloom stage darkening or defoliation of the unfed shoot resulted in the import of labeled photosynthates from the adjacent fed shoot. similarly, movement ...197016657499
effects of ethylene and 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid on the ripening of grapes.the effects of ethylene gas, 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid, and the auxin, benzothiazole-2-oxyacetic acid, on the ripening of grapes (vitis vinifera l.) was investigated. ethylene hastened the start of ripening of doradillo grapes when it was aplied for 10 days starting midway through the slow growth phase. 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid applied to shiraz grapes showed the same effect, but when it was applied earlier, during the second half of the first rapid growth phase or at the start of the slo ...197016657356
[equipment for the promotion of germination of vine seeds (vitis vinifera l.) with sterile surfaces under sterile conditions]. 19705537389
[sterilization of the surface of grape (vitis vinifera l.) seeds]. 19705535934
influence of benzyladenine, leaf darkening, and ringing on movement of c-labeled assimilates into expanded leaves of vitis vinifera l.leaves of vitis vinifera l., nearly fully expanded, imported only trace amounts of (14)c following assimilation of (14)co(2) by a lower leaf on the same shoot, but benzyladenine (ba) application at 4.4 x 10(-3)m caused a marked increase in the movement of (14)c into these leaves. older leaves near the shoot base were less responsive; ba treatment alone had little effect on import of labeled assimilates from adjacent leaves but when the ba-treated leaves were darkened there was an increased impor ...196916657198
increases in the levels of cytokinins in bleeding sap of vitis vinifera l. after ccc treatment.paper-chromatogramed extracts of bleeding sap from grapevines treated with (2-chloroethyl)trimethylammonium chloride (ccc) contained higher levels of substances with cytokinin activity than did untreated plants. with the chromatographic solvent used, ccc was unlikely to interfere with the expression of the cytokinin response.196817773238
gibberellin-like activity in berries of seeded and seedless tokay grapes.gibberellin-like activity in berries of both ;tokay' (seeded) and ;seedless tokay' grapes (vitis vinifera l.) at different stages of development was determined. activity in both seeded and seedless berries was mainly in the acidic ethyl acetate fraction. in seeded berries there was very high activity beginning at the early fruit-set stage and persisting for about 3 weeks after which the activity fell to low level and vanished by the middle of july. on august 1 there was another activity peak. th ...196816656767
gibberellin-like substances in root exudate of vitis vinifera.the levels of gibberellin (ga)-like activity in the root exudate of two seedless varieties of vitis vinifera were examined by the barley endosperm assay, and compared with levels determined for other parts of the plant. that activity was due to ga-like substances was confirmed with dwarf-5 corn.when acidic, ethyl acetate soluble ga-like substances from sap and leaf extracts were chromatogrammed on thin layers of silica gel in chloroform/ethyl acetate/formic acid (50:50:1), activity moved to the ...196724549951
effect of root temperature on cytokinin activity in root exudate of vitis vinifera l.root exudates of plants of vitis vinifera l. cv. thompson seedless, grown in nutrient cultures with root temperatures maintained at either 20 degrees or 30 degrees and with shoots at a common air temperature, were assayed for cytokinin activity. after chromatography of freeze-dried sap on paper with n-butanol/acetic acid/water (4:1:1). activity was detected with a soybean callus assay. for both root temperatures, major activity appeared between r(f) 0.6 and r(f) 0.8, at about the same concentrat ...196716656625
effect of ccc on the growth of roots of vitis vinifera l.when plants of vitis vinifera l. were grown in solution cultures containing (2-chloroethyl)trimethylammonium chloride (ccc), roots became shorter and thicker than those of untreated control plants. the effect of ccc on vine roots could be counteracted by gibberellic acid simultaneously applied either to the solution cultures or to aerial organs of the plant.196724522506
sex conversion in a male vitis vinifera l. by a kinin.a synthetic (reputed) kinin, sd 8339, at 1000 parts per million in alcohol solution, applied to flower clusters of a male grapevine about 3 weeks before anthesis, completely converted the flower sex from male to hermaphrodite. indolebutyric acid, 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid, 2-chloroethyltrimethylammonium chloride beta-naphthoxyacetic acid, beta-indoleacetic acid, alpha-naphthaleneacetic acid, and gibberellin a(3) failed to modify the sex.196617755400
sugars and organic acids of vitis vinifera.glucose, fructose, galactose, sucrose, maltose, melibiose, raffinose, and stachyose were identified in the leaves, bark, roots, and berries of vitis vinifera l. var. thompson seedless. in addition to these sugars, verbascose and manninotriose were found in the leaves and bark.malic, tartaric, citric, isocitric, ascorbic, cis-aconitic, oxalic, glycolic, glyoxylic, succinic, lactic, glutaric, fumaric, pyrrolidone carboxylic, alpha-ketoglutaric, pyruvic, oxaloacetic, galacturonic, glucuronic, shiki ...196616656357
relation of seededness and ringing to gibberellin-like activity in berries of vitis vinifera. 196516656155
relation of ringing to gibberellin-like activity in berries of vitis vinifera l. 19655836339
influence of environment on metabolism of organic acids and carbohydrates in vitis vinifera. i. temperature. 196416656026
relationship of growth and development to changes in sugars, auxins, and gibberellins in fruit of seeded and seedless varieties of vitis vinifera. 196016655336
prolonging dormancy in vitis vinifera with gibberellin. 195913657050
chemical studies on grapes and wines; volatile constituents of zinfandel grapes (vitis vinifera, var. zinfandel). 201615408232
starch and sugars of vitis vinifera. 194516653997
carbohydrate metabolism of vitis vinifera: hemicellulose. 193816653495
parthenocarpy and seedlessness in vitis vinifera. 193217842446
the constituents of the sap of the vine (vitis vinifera l.). 192416743387
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