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fungal planet description sheets: 214-280.novel species of microfungi described in the present study include the following from south africa: cercosporella dolichandrae from dolichandra unguiscati, seiridium podocarpi from podocarpus latifolius, pseudocercospora parapseudarthriae from pseudarthria hookeri, neodevriesia coryneliae from corynelia uberata on leaves of afrocarpus falcatus, ramichloridium eucleae from euclea undulata and stachybotrys aloeticola from aloe sp. (south africa), as novel member of the stachybotriaceae fam. nov. s ...201425264390
culturable fungal endophytes isolated from the roots of coastal plants inhabiting korean east coast.twelve plant species were collected from the east coast of korea to identify culturable endophytes present in their roots. the fungal internal transcribe spacer (its) region (its1-5.8srrna-its2) was used as a dna barcode for identification of fungi. a total of 194 fungal strains were identified and categorized into 31 genera. the genus penicillium accounted for the largest number of strains, followed by the genus aspergillus. furthermore, using 5 statistical methods, the diversity indices of the ...201425071377
phytomediated biostimulation of the autochthonous bacterial community for the acceleration of the depletion of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in contaminated sediments.polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) are a large group of organic contaminants causing hazards to organisms including humans. the objective of the study was to validate the vegetation of dredged sediments with phragmites australis as an exploitable biostimulation approach to accelerate the depletion of pahs in nitrogen spiked sediments. vegetation with phragmites australis resulted in being an efficient biostimulation approach for the depletion of an aged pahs contamination (229.67 ± 15.56 μg ...201425170516
a rhizosphere-associated symbiont, photobacterium spp. strain meld1, and its targeted synergistic activity for phytoprotection against mercury.though heavy metal such as mercury is toxic to plants and microorganisms, the synergistic activity between them may offer benefit for surviving. in this study, a mercury-reducing bacterium, photobacterium spp. strain meld1, with an mic of 33 mg x kg(-1) mercury was isolated from a severely mercury and dioxin contaminated rhizosphere soil of reed (phragmites australis). while the whole genome sequencing of meld1 confirmed the presence of a mer operon, the mercury reductase mera gene showed 99% se ...201525816328
susceptibility of wild passerines to subtype h5n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses.highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) viruses of the h5n1 subtype have spread throughout many areas of asia, europe and africa, and numerous cases of hpai outbreaks in domestic and wild birds have been reported. although recent studies suggest that the dissemination of h5n1 viruses is closely linked to the migration of wild birds, information on the potential for viral infection in species other than poultry and waterfowl is relatively limited. to investigate the susceptibility of terrestrial ...201526274569
uptake of carbamazepine by rhizomes and endophytic bacteria of phragmites australis.carbamazepine is an antiepileptic and mood-stabilizing drug which is used widely in europe and north america. in the environment, it is found as a persistent and recalcitrant contaminant, being one of the most prominent hazardous pharmaceuticals and personal care products in effluents of wastewater treatment plants. phragmites australis is one of the species with both, the highest potential of detoxification and phytoremediation. it has been used successfully in the treatment of industrial and mun ...201525750647
genome sequence of photobacterium halotolerans meld1, with mercury reductase (mera), isolated from phragmites australis.here, we present the whole-genome sequence of photobacterium halotolerans strain, meld1, isolated from the roots of a terrestrial plant phragmites australis grown in soil heavily contaminated with mercury and dioxin. the genome provides further insight into the adaptation of bacteria to the toxic environment from where it was isolated.201526044418
isolation, cloning, and characterization of a partial novel aro a gene in common reed (phragmites australis).among the essential amino acids, phenylalanine, tryptophan, and tyrosine are aromatic amino acids which are synthesized by the shikimate pathway in plants and bacteria. herbicide glyphosate can inhibit the biosynthesis of these amino acids. so, identification of the gene tolerant to glyphosate is very important. it has been shown that the common reed or phragmites australis cav. (poaceae) is relatively tolerant to glyphosate.201525474478
toxicity of some plant extracts against vector of lymphatic filariasis, culex pipiens.many insecticides are generally used as larvicides to control culex pipiens, vector of lymphatic filariasis. this study was undertaken to evaluate the larvicidal activity of some potential larvicidal plants extracts against c. pipiens larvae. the toxic effects of both ethanolic and petroleum ether plant extracts were evaluated under laboratory conditions against 3rd instar larvae of c. pipiens. forty ethanolic and petroleum ether extracts of 10 plants namely echinochloa stagninum, phragmites aus ...201526012233
phytoremediation of textile dyes and effluents: current scenario and future prospects.phytoremediation has emerged as a green, passive, solar energy driven and cost effective approach for environmental cleanup when compared to physico-chemical and even other biological methods. textile dyes and effluents are condemned as one of the worst polluters of our precious water bodies and soils. they are well known mutagenic, carcinogenic, allergic and cytotoxic agents posing threats to all life forms. plant based treatment of textile dyes is relatively new and hitherto has remained an un ...201526386310
remediation of sediment and water contaminated by copper in small-scaled constructed wetlands: effect of bioaugmentation and phytoextraction.the use of plants and microorganisms to mitigate sediment contaminated by copper was studied in microcosms that mimic the functioning of a stormwater basin (swb) connected to vineyard watershed. the impact of phytoremediation and bioaugmentation with siderophore-producing bacteria on the fate of cu was studied in two contrasted (batch vs. semi-continuous) hydraulic regimes. the fate of copper was characterised following its discharge at the outlet of the microcosms, its pore water concentration ...201525106519
ornamental plants for micropollutant removal in wetland systems.the objective of this paper was to evaluate the efficiency of micropollutant removal, such as cu, zn, carbamazepine, and linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (las), through the use of a subsurface vertical flow constructed wetland system with ornamental plants. zantedeschia aethiopica, canna indica, carex hirta, miscanthus sinensis, and phragmites australis were selected and planted in lysimeters filled up with gravel. the lysimeters were completely saturated with synthetic wastewater (n 280 mg l(-1), ...201524798922
isolation and screening of rhizosphere bacteria from grasses in east kavango region of namibia for plant growth promoting characteristics.a diverse group of soil bacteria known as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr) is able to inhabit the area close to plant roots and exert beneficial effects on plant growth. beneficial interactions between rhizospheric bacteria and plants provide prospects for isolating culturable pgpr that can be used as bio-fertilizers for sustainable crop production in communities that cannot easily afford chemical fertilizers. this study was conducted with the aim of isolating rhizospheric bacteria fr ...201526254764
screening of 18 species for digestate phytodepuration.this experiment assesses the aptitude of 18 species in treating the digestate liquid fraction (dlf) in a floating wetland treatment system. the pilot system was created in ne italy in 2010 and consists of a surface-flow system with 180 floating elements (tech-ia®) vegetated with ten halophytes and eight other wetland species. the species were transplanted in july 2011 in basins filled with different proportions of dlf/water (dlf/w); periodic increasing of the dlf/w ratio was imposed after transp ...201525005162
third report of allochaetophoridae reck, 1959 (acari: trombidiformes) based on the description of a new species from iran.a new mite species allochaetophora iranica sp. nov. (tetranychoidea: allochaetophoridae), is described and illustrated based on females and deutonymphs collected from phragmites australis (poaceae) in iran (kerman province). this is the third report of the family allochaetophoridae for the world and first report of it from asia.201526623860
heavy metal bioaccumulation in sediment, common reed, algae, and blood worm from the shoor river, iran.concentrations of 11 metals (cadmium, zinc, copper (cu), vanadium (v), lead, magnesium (mg), manganese, aluminum, iron (fe), chromium (cr), and nickel), and one metalloid (arsenic (as)) were measured in sediment, common reed (phragmites australis), algae (spirogyra sp.), and blood worm (chironomus sp.) tissues of samples collected from the shoor river. samples were dried, acid digested, and the concentrations of metals were measured using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometer. ...201624105065
bpa and np removal from municipal wastewater by tropical horizontal subsurface constructed wetlands.it has been recognized that numerous synthetic compounds like bisphenol a (bpa) and nonylphenols (np) are present in effluents from wastewater treatment plants (wwtp) at levels of parts per billion (μg l(-1)) or even parts per trillion (ng l(-1)) with a high potential to cause endocrine disruption in the aquatic environment. constructed wetlands (cw) are a cost-effective wastewater treatment alternative with promising performance to treat these afore mentioned compounds. this research was aimed ...201626519570
microbial density and diversity in constructed wetland systems and the relation to pollutant removal efficiency.microbes are believed to be at the core of the wastewater treatment processes in constructed wetlands (cws). the aim of this study was to assess the microbial biomass carbon (mbc) and shannon's diversity index (sdi) in the substrate of cws planted with phragmites australis, hymenocallis littoralis, canna indica and cyperus flabelliformis, and to relate mbc and sdi to the pollutant removal in the systems. significant higher mbc was observed in cws with h. littoralis and c. indica than in cws with ...201626877053
capacity and mechanisms of ammonium and cadmium sorption on different wetland-plant derived biochars.the objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between cd(2+)/nh4(+) sorption and physicochemical properties of biochars produced from different wetland plants. biochars from six species of wetland plants (i.e., canna indica, pennisetum purpureum schum, thalia dealbata, zizania caduciflora, phragmites australis and vetiveria zizanioides) were obtained at 500°c and characterized, and their sorption for ammonium and cadmium was determined. there were significant differences in ele ...201626386447
copper tolerance of the biomass crops elephant grass (pennisetum purpureum schumach), vetiver grass (vetiveria zizanioides) and the upland reed (phragmites australis) in soil culture.pot trials were conducted to study the influence of copper (cu) on the growth and biomass of elephant grass (eg, pennisetum purpureum schumach), vetiver grass (vg, vetiveria zizanioides) and the upland reed (ur, phragmites australis). cu toxicity in eg, vg and ur was positively correlated with the total and bioavailable cu concentrations in the soil. based on the ec50, dry weights, cu contents, chlorophyll contents and photosynthesis rates, the cu tolerance of the three species followed the tren ...201619393734
cascade of ecological consequences for west nile virus transmission when aquatic macrophytes invade stormwater habitats.artificial aquatic habitats are ubiquitous in anthropogenic landscapes and highly susceptible to colonization by invasive plant species. recent research into the ecology of infectious diseases indicates that the establishment of invasive plant species can trigger ecological cascades which alter the transmission dynamics of vector-borne pathogens that imperil human health. here, we examined whether the presence or management of two invasive, emergent plants, cattails (typha spp.) and phragmites ( ...201627039521
herbaspirillum sp. strain gw103 alleviates salt stress in brassica rapa l. ssp. pekinensis.mutual interactions between plant and rhizosphere bacteria facilitate plant growth and reduce risks of biotic and abiotic stresses. the present study demonstrates alleviation of salt stress in brassica rapa l. ssp. perkinensis (chinese cabbage) by herbaspirillum sp. strain gw103 isolated from rhizosphere soil of phragmites australis. the strain was capable of producing plant beneficial factors, such as auxin, siderophore, and 1-aminocylopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase. treatment of strain gw ...201626358119
ailanthus altissima and phragmites australis for chromium removal from a contaminated soil.the comparative effectiveness for hexavalent chromium removal from irrigation water, using two selected plant species (phragmites australis and ailanthus altissima) planted in soil contaminated with hexavalent chromium, has been studied in the present work. total chromium removal from water was ranging from 55 % (phragmites) to 61 % (ailanthus). after 360 days, the contaminated soil dropped from 70 (initial) to 36 and 41 mg cr/kg (dry soil), for phragmites and ailanthus, respectively. phragmites ...201627146531
accumulation of cr, cd, pb, cu, and zn by plants in tanning sludge storage sites: opportunities for contamination bioindication and phytoremediation.tanning sludge enriched with high concentrations of cr and other metals has adverse effects on the environment. plants growing in the metalliferous soils may have the ability to cope with high metal concentrations. this study focuses on potentials of using native plants for bioindication and/or phytoremediation of cr-contaminated sites. in the study, we characterized plants and soils from six tanning sludge storage sites. soil in these sites exhibited toxic levels of cr (averaged 16,492 mg kg(-1 ...201627552994
uptake, translocation and metabolism of decabromodiphenyl ether (bde-209) in seven aquatic plants.terrestrial plant uptake of pbdes from contaminated soils has been widely reported recently. in this study the fate of deca-bde within a plant/pbdes/aquatic environment system was investigated through simulated pot experiments. accumulations of the total pbdes and deca-bde were observed in tissues of seven test aquatic plant species, namely phragmites australis, cyperus papyrus, alternanthera philoxeroides, colocasia esculenta, scirpus validus, acorus calamus and oryza sativa. in all seven plant ...201626994429
effect of cd⁺² on phosphate solubilizing abilities and hydrogen peroxide production of soil-borne micromycetes isolated from phragmites australis-rhizosphere.the aims of this work were to evaluate the phosphate-solubilization and hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) production by the soil-borne micromycetes, aspergillus japonicus, penicillium italicum and penicillium dipodomyicola, isolated from phragmites australis rhizosphere and to study the effect of several concentrations of cadmium (cd(2+)) on both variables. our results showed that p. italicum achieved a higher p-solubilization and h2o2 production than a. japonicus and p. dipodomyicola, as only p. italicu ...201626646403
perturbation and delayed recovery of the reed invertebrate assemblage in camargue marshes sprayed with bacillus thuringiensis israelensis.bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (bti) is the most commonly used larvicide to control mosquitoes worldwide. considered as nontoxic to most organisms, bti can nevertheless cause trophic perturbations to natural communities by reducing the abundance of chironomidae, which are a key element of wetland food webs. since august 2006, up to 8400 of the 33 000 ha of mosquito larval biotopes in the camargue (rhône delta, in southern france), are monitored by a public agency and bti-sprayed (aqueou ...201627794203
yeasts associated with an abandoned mining area in pernek and their tolerance to different chemical elements.four plants, cirsium arvense (creeping thistle), equisetum arvense (field horsetail), oxalis acetosella (wood sorrel) and phragmites australis (common reed), which grew in an abandoned sb-mining area in pernek (malé karpaty mts., slovakia), were investigated for the yeast species. yeasts were isolated from both the leaves of the plants and the soil adjacent to the plants. in total, 65 yeast cultures, belonging to 11 ascomycetous and 5 basidiomycetous yeast species, were isolated. the species mos ...201626358066
functional role of bacteria from invasive phragmites australis in promotion of host growth.we hypothesize that bacterial endophytes may enhance the competitiveness and invasiveness of phragmites australis. to evaluate this hypothesis, endophytic bacteria were isolated from p. australis. the majority of the shoot meristem isolates represent species from phyla firmicutes, proteobacteria, and actinobacteria. we chose one species from each phylum to characterize further and to conduct growth promotion experiments in phragmites. bacteria tested include bacillus amyloliquefaciens a9a, achro ...201627260154
occurrence, diversity and community structure of culturable atrazine degraders in industrial and agricultural soils exposed to the herbicide in shandong province, p.r. china.soil populations of bacteria rapidly degrading atrazine are critical to the environmental fate of the herbicide. an enrichment bias from the routine isolation procedure prevents studying the diversity of atrazine degraders. in the present work, we analyzed the occurrence, diversity and community structure of soil atrazine-degrading bacteria based on their direct isolation.201627821056
structure and function of the bacterial communities during rhizoremediation of hexachlorobenzene in constructed wetlands.vertical flow constructed wetlands (vf cws) are considered to be effective for treating organic pollutants. the rhizosphere of macrophytes such as phragmites sp., typha sp. serves as an active and dynamic zone for the microbial degradation of organic pollutants. however, it is still not clear how soil bacterial communities respond to macrophytes and pollutants during the process. for this purpose, the seedlings of phragmites australis and typha angustifolia were planted respectively in the vf cw ...201728316049
domestic wastewaters reuse reclaimed by an improved horizontal subsurface-flow constructed wetland: a case study in the southeast of spain.the aim of this case study was to assess the performance of a horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland (hf-cw) located in southeastern spain, filled with blast furnace slags (bfs), planted with phragmites australis and designed to treat artificially aerated domestic wastewater to produce effluents suitable for agriculture reuse. the water quality parameters, included in the spanish regulations for reclaimed wastewater reuse as agricultural quality 2.1, were monitored for one year. data for ...201728285214
in vitro screening and evaluation of 37 traditional chinese medicines for their potential to activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors-γ.peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (ppar)-γ is widely used as an attractive target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. thiazolidinediones, the agonists of pparγ, has been popularly utilized as insulin sensitizers in the therapy of type 2 diabetes whereas numerous severe side-effects may also occur concomitantly.201727076748
monitoring and assessment of heavy metal contamination in a constructed wetland in shaoguan (guangdong province, china): bioaccumulation of pb, zn, cu and cd in aquatic and terrestrial components.the objective of this study is to evaluate the current status of heavy metal concentrations in constructed wetland, shaoguan (guangdong, china). sediments, three wetland plants (typha latifolia, phragmites australis, and cyperus malaccensis), and six freshwater fish species [carassius auratus (goldfish), cirrhinus molitorella (mud carp), ctenopharyngodon idellus (grass carp), cyprinus carpio (wild common carp), nicholsicypris normalis (mandarin fish), sarcocheilichthys kiangsiensis (minnows)] in ...201727164879
biogas properties and enzymatic analysis during anaerobic fermentation of phragmites australis straw and cow dung: influence of nickel chloride supplement.the importance of nickel (added as nicl2) on mesophilic anaerobic fermentation of phragmites australis straw and cow dung was demonstrated by investigating the biogas properties, ph values, organic matter degradation [chemical oxygen demand (cod)] and enzyme activities (cellulase, protease and dehydrogenase) during the fermentation process. the results showed that ni(2+) addition increased the cumulative biogas yields by >18 % by improving the efficiency of first peak stage and bringing forward ...201727718040
abundance and diversity of ammonia-oxidizing archaea and bacteria in the rhizosphere soil of three plants in the ebinur lake wetland.ammonia oxidation is carried out by ammonia oxidizing bacteria (aob) and ammonia oxidizing archaea (aoa). the ebinur lake wetland is the best example of a temperate arid zone wetland ecosystem in china. soil samples were collected from rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil containing halocnemum strobilaceum (h and h'), phragmites australis (r and r'), and kareliniacaspia (k and k') to study the relationship between environmental factors and the community structure of aob and aoa. phylogenetic ana ...201728249125
geographic variation in apparent competition between native and invasive phragmites australis.apparent competition, the negative interaction between species mediated by shared natural enemies, is thought to play an important role in shaping the structure and dynamics of natural communities. however, its importance in driving species invasions, and whether the strength of this indirect interaction varies across the latitudinal range of the invasion, has not been fully explored. we performed replicated field experiments at four sites spanning 900 km along the atlantic coast of the united s ...201727861789
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