Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| postnatal neosporosis in dairy cattle in northeast thailand. | a total of 83 dairy cows in loei province (muang) and nong bua lamphu (nbl) province, northeast thailand were sampled three times within 6 months in 1998 and their sera were examined for antibodies to neospora caninum at a dilution of 1:100 in the indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat). in muang the seroprevalence of n. caninum was 37.5% (june), 60% (august), and 62.5% (november). in nbl the prevalence was 50% (august) and 70% (november). in both areas abortions were observed between 1 and 3 ... | 2001 | 11113552 |
| prevention of vertical transmission of neospora caninum in balb/c mice by recombinant vaccinia virus carrying ncsrs2 gene. | neospora caninum infection is the major cause of bovine abortion. to develop a vaccine against n. caninum infection, recombinant vaccinia viruses carrying ncsrs2 and ncsag1 genes (vv/nc-p43 and vv/nc-p36, respectively) were constructed and were tested in a mouse model. vaccination of dams with vv/nc-p43 appeared to confer effective protection against vertical transmission to offspring, though that with vv/nc-p36 only provided partial protection. moreover, the vv/nc-p43 vaccination provoked cellu ... | 2001 | 11166895 |
| neospora caninum in persistently infected, pregnant cows: spontaneous transplacental infection is associated with an acute increase in maternal antibody. | nine cows which were naturally and persistently infected with neospora caninum were housed and observed intensively throughout pregnancy. no recrudescence of a latent infection was detected by pcr tests on maternal blood but fetal infection, implying a recrudescence of maternal parasitosis, was associated with a marked increase in maternal antibody. the increase occurred in the second half of pregnancy in five cows which infected their calves, and before mid-pregnancy in one cow which aborted. t ... | 2001 | 11688746 |
| hammondia heydorni-like oocysts shed by a naturally infected dog and neospora caninum nc-1 cannot be distinguished. | this study describes transmission experiments using hammondia heydorni-like oocysts isolated in 1996 from a naturally infected dog. the isolate was designated as h. heydorni-berlin-1996. examination of sera from infected intermediate hosts showed immunoblot reactions that resembled patterns observed after neospora caninum nc-1 infection. furthermore, n. caninum dna could be demonstrated in tissue samples (e.g. heart, brain) of experimentally infected intermediate hosts and in oocyst preparations ... | 2001 | 11688886 |
| immune responses in pregnant cattle and bovine fetuses following experimental infection with neospora caninum. | humoral and cell-mediated immune (cmi) responses [i.e. proliferative responses and gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) production], were elicited in five cows infected between 159 and 169 days of gestation by a combined intravenous-intramuscular inoculation of neospora caninum tachyzoites. analysis of antigen-specific immunoglobulin (igg) subclasses revealed a predominant igg2 response in two cows, a mixed igg1-igg2 response in two other cows and a predominant igg1 response in one cow. no correlation w ... | 2001 | 11688887 |
| cyclic transmission of neospora caninum: serological findings in dogs shedding oocysts. | in a previous paper we demonstrated that hammondia heydorni-like oocysts isolated in 1996 from a naturally infected dog could not be distinguished from the isolate neospora caninum nc-1. the isolate, designated as h. heydorni-berlin-1996, was cyclically transmitted using dogs as the final hosts. the present study provides information on the antibody responses of the dogs used for the cyclical transmission of this isolate. the majority of dogs that had shed oocysts showed no sero-conversion with ... | 2001 | 11688895 |
| serodiagnosis of toxoplasma gondii infection in cats by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using recombinant sag1. | the gene encoding surface antigen 1 (sag1, p30) of toxoplasma gondii (t. gondii) was cloned into the plasmid pgex-4t-3 and subsequently expressed in escherichia coli (e. coli) as a glutathione-s-transferase (gst) fusion protein. the recombinant sag1 (rsag1) was refolded using 8m urea solution followed by dialysis and thereafter evaluated in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for serological diagnosis of toxoplasmosis. the test sera were adsorbed with gst to block non-specific reactivit ... | 2001 | 11705650 |
| serological diagnosis of neosporosis in a herd of dairy cattle in southern brazil. | neospora caninum-specific antibodies were detected in 60 of 172 (34.8%) dairy cattle by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) in a herd from parana state, brazil. the seropositive animals included 47 of 126 (37.3%) adult cows, 7 of 29 (24%) heifers (1-2 yr), 4 of 15 (27%) heifers (5 mo-1 yr), and 2 precolostral samples. data collected over a 9-yr follow-up period revealed that the proportion of pregnancies ending in abortion was 20% (31/154) among elisa seropositive cows and 8% (15/193) amon ... | 2001 | 11780849 |
| red foxes (vulpes vulpes) in ireland as hosts for parasites of potential zoonotic and veterinary significance. | intestinal washes, faecal flotations and serological examinations for antibodies to toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum were used to assess the prevalence of parasites in carcases of foxes killed on roads or shot in the dublin area and surrounding counties. the ascarids uncinaria stenocephala and toxocara canis were prevalent, as was the trematode alaria alata. taenia species, eggs of capillaria species and sporocysts of sarcocystis species were also found. only one fox out of 70 examined was ... | 2001 | 11808662 |
| isolation of neospora caninum from the brain of a pregnant sheep. | neospora caninum was isolated from the brain of a naturally infected pregnant sheep by inoculation of immunodeficient mice with a homogenate of the brain tissue. the ewe showed no clinical signs. tachyzoites were observed in the tissues of the nu/nu mice injected with the brain tissue homogenate and the diagnosis was confirmed by immunohistochemical staining with anti-n. caninum antibodies and by detecting n. caninum-specific dna by polymerase chain reaction. | 2001 | 11780846 |
| protective efficacy of vaccination by recombinant vaccinia virus against neospora caninum infection. | the recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing the surface protein of neospora caninum tachyzoite, ncsag1 or ncsrs2, were constructed. the vaccination with these recombinant viruses could protect effectively the parasite invasion in a mouse model system. the vaccine efficacy of ncsrs2 was higher than that of ncsag1. the present study indicated that a high level of igg1 ab production to parasite is important for clearance of parasite at the early stage of infection and that t cell response has a cru ... | 2001 | 11163660 |
| isolation of neospora caninum genes detected during a chronic murine infection. | in order to isolate genes coding for antigens of neospora caninum which are recognised by the host immune system during a chronic murine infection, a cdna library was immunoscreened with pooled sera from mice which survived three independent infections by n. caninum. two new genes from n. caninum were isolated and expressed in escherichia coli. the genes identified include one homologous to gra1 of toxoplasma gondii, plus another (ncp20) previously unknown in any taxon. both genes encode small p ... | 2001 | 11165273 |
| efficacy of toltrazuril and ponazuril against experimental neospora caninum infection in mice. | neosporosis is a disease affecting predominantly fetal development in cattle and dog hosts; and it may cause neuromuscular disfunction in infected newborn calves and pups. predispositions--including, e.g. transient immunosuppression during pregnancy--may result in an increased dissemination of the parasite within the host or its offspring. chemotherapeutic treatment of neosporosis may be an issue, provided that an appropriate drug is made available. in this respect, we describe the use of a mous ... | 2001 | 11199848 |
| evidence of post-natal transmission of neospora caninum in dutch dairy herds. | eighteen dairy herds with neosporosis-associated abortions were analysed for antibodies against neospora caninum. blood samples of all cows, heifers and calves were collected on the same day for each farm. a total of 2430 heads of cattle were examined. for each herd, the seropositive and seronegative animals were plotted against month of birth. analysis of seroprevalence in relation to age showed an equal distribution of seropositives in all age-groups in 10 herds. in contrast, in eight herds an ... | 2001 | 11239942 |
| prevalence of antibodies to neospora caninum in horses in france. | 2001 | 11266072 | |
| toxoplasma gondii: molecular cloning and characterization of a novel 18-kda secretory antigen, tgmic10. | hoff, e. f., cook, s. h., sherman, g. d., harper, j. m., ferguson, d. j. p., dubremetz, j. f., and carruthers, v. b. 2001. toxoplasma gondii: molecular cloning and characterization of a novel 18-kda secretory antigen, tgmic10. experimental parasitology, 97, 77-88. during host cell invasion, toxoplasma gondii secretes proteins from specialized organelles (micronemes and rhoptries) located at the apical end of the parasite. the contents of the micronemes appear to be crucial to t. gondii invasion, ... | 2001 | 11281704 |
| do cows protect fetuses from neospora caninum transmission? | 2001 | 11137733 | |
| serological analysis of calves experimentally infected with neospora caninum: a 1-year study. | a serological study was conducted with calves experimentally infected with the protozoan parasite neospora caninum. the animals were inoculated with either a low or high dose of n. caninum tachyzoites and temperature responses monitored daily for the first 2 weeks after inoculation. blood samples were collected before inoculation, and at regular intervals thereafter for 1 year. serological analysis was achieved using an indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat), an enzyme-linked immunosorbent as ... | 2001 | 11182233 |
| neospora caninum microneme protein ncmic3: secretion, subcellular localization, and functional involvement in host cell interaction. | in apicomplexan parasites, host cell adhesion and subsequent invasion involve the sequential release of molecules originating from secretory organelles named micronemes, rhoptries, and dense granules. microneme proteins have been shown to be released at the onset of the initial contact between the parasite and the host cell and thus mediate and establish the physical interaction between the parasite and the host cell surface. this interaction most likely involves adhesive domains found within th ... | 2001 | 11553593 |
| seroprevalences of toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum in swedish red foxes (vulpes vulpes). | the prevalences of antibodies to the protozoan parasites toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum were investigated by the direct agglutination test (dat) and elisa, respectively, in 221 red foxes (vulpes vulpes) from different parts of sweden. a total of 84 (38%) of the analysed sera had antibodies to t. gondii, but none of the foxes had antibodies to n. caninum. the results indicate that t. gondii infection is fairly common in swedish red foxes and that the infection is present in most parts of ... | 2001 | 11705663 |
| neosporosis in bovine dairy herds from the west of france: detection of neospora caninum dna in aborted fetuses, seroepidemiology of n. caninum in cattle and dogs. | neospora caninum is considered one of the major causes of abortion in cattle in most parts of the world. in this study, the role of n. caninum was investigated in groups of aborted cattle and dairy herds from the west of france. good correlation was found between parasite dna detection in fetuses and serologic statuses of dams. in groups with documented abortion status and no antibodies to other pathogens, 17-45% of aborted animals were seropositive for n. caninum, and significant relationship b ... | 2001 | 11731070 |
| bovine neosporosis: immunoblot improves foetal serology. | the purpose of the study is the comparative evaluation of the immunofluorescent antibody test (ifat) and an immunoblot (ib) test for the examination of foetal fluids for specific antibodies against neospora caninum. peritoneal and pleural fluids as well as abomasal contents were analysed. the results of the serological examinations were compared to those obtained by histological, immunohistochemical, and pcr analysis of foetal tissues as well as to the results of maternal serological examination ... | 2001 | 11731071 |
| placentophagia--an alternative way for horizontal transmission of neospora caninum in cattle? | 2001 | 11756037 | |
| comparative molecular investigation of nc5-pcr amplicons from neospora caninum nc-1 and hammondia heydorni-berlin-1996. | the clinical relevance of neospora caninum as a cyst-forming coccidian parasite is increasingly acknowledged within veterinary medicine, although the pathways of transmission are far from being solved. the parasite is well known for causing diaplacental infections in cows associated with abortion and/or severe damage of the fetus. in addition, it may cause neuromuscular disease in dogs, which thus apparently act as intermediate hosts as well as final hosts. in our previous studies, we have demon ... | 2001 | 11688897 |
| prevalence of agglutinating antibodies to neospora caninum in raccoons, procyon lotor. | neospora caninum is an apicomplexan parasite that causes neonatal neuromuscular disease in dogs and abortions in cattle. dogs are the only proven definitive host. little is known about the prevalence of antibodies to this parasite in wildlife. sera from 99 raccoons (procyon lotor) were examined for agglutinating antibodies to n. caninum using the modified agglutination test employing formalin-fixed tachyzoites as antigen. raccoons originated in florida (n = 24, collected in 1996), new jersey (n ... | 2001 | 11695399 |
| association of serologic status for neospora caninum and postweaning feed efficiency in beef steers. | to determine the effects of serologic status for neospora caninum on short-term weight gain, feed intake, and feed efficiency (feed intake/gain). | 2001 | 11697371 |
| a swiss case-control study to assess neospora caninum-associated bovine abortions by pcr, histopathology and serology. | neospora caninum is one of the most frequent infectious organisms causing abortion in cattle worldwide. the present case-control study was designed to assess the importance of bovine neosporosis for causing abortion in swiss cattle and to identify selected risk factors. infection was primarily diagnosed by a n. caninum-specific pcr and serology, complemented with histopathology and immunohistochemistry. a total of 113 case and 113 corresponding control-farms were studied for 1.5 year. during thi ... | 2001 | 11705647 |
| first confirmed case of neospora caninum-associated abortion outbreak in portugal. | in a dairy herd experiencing an abortion outbreak, 49% of the 119 cows were positive for neospora caninum antibodies and the remaining 51% were seronegative. using immunohistochemical analysis of foetal brain tissue, neospora cysts and bradyzoite clusters were identified in two of the 15 aborted foetuses submitted for testing. other agents that commonly cause abortions were not found. these results, coupled with neurological clinical symptoms in new-born calves, implicated n. caninum as the majo ... | 2001 | 11928926 |
| recent advances in understanding the epidemiology of neospora caninum in cattle. | introduction: neospora caninum is the most frequently diagnosed cause of cattle abortion in new zealand and is an important pathogen worldwide. the parasite has been found in aborted bovine foetuses and in puppies with neurological disease. recent developments have provided new insights into the epidemiology of the disease that are reviewed in this article. transmission: transplacental infection is of major importance in the spread of n. caninum overseas. most congenital infections result in the ... | 2001 | 16032161 |
| control options for neospora caninum infections in cattle--current state of knowledge. | this article reviews control options for neospora caninum infection and abortion in cattle, drawing on published literature and the authors' own research in this field. apart from the successful use of embryo transfer to prevent congenital infection in calves born to infected cows, there are currently no accepted control methods for the prevention of abortions in cattle. the epidemiological data at hand suggest that concomitant infections with bovine pestivirus increase the risk of abortion sign ... | 2002 | 16032217 |
| seroprevalence of antibodies against neospora caninum in diagnostic equine serum samples and their possible association with fetal loss. | a case-control study of the association between the presence of serum antibodies against neospora spp. and fetal loss was performed on serum samples submitted to a veterinary diagnostic laboratory in northwestern united states. control sera were randomly selected from those submitted from healthy horses for routine equine infectious anemia testing required for regulatory health certification. case sera were randomly selected from those submitted from aborting mares for diagnostic workup. based o ... | 2002 | 11934465 |
| neospora caninum is an invalid species name: an evaluation of facts and statements. | an evaluation of both the formal requirements of the international rules of zoological nomenclature and the scientific reasons for the description of new genera and species shows that the name neospora caninum is a nomen nudum. the only characteristic criteria for discriminating between the previously described species hammondia heydorni and the proposed new species n. caninum (i.e. the lack of a parasitophorous vacuole) has been shown to be wrong in many publications. furthermore, absolutely no ... | 2002 | 11936509 |
| factors associated with neospora caninum serostatus in cattle of 20 specialised costa rican dairy herds. | twenty-five specialised costa rican dairy farms (located in the poás area) were used to determine neosporosis seroprevalence and the association of seropositivity with environmental and management factors. the farms involved were selected intentionally and all of them use vampp 5.1 (veterinary automated management and production control programme) as management-information system. holstein-friesian, jersey and crosses between them were the most-frequent breeds in these herds. the number of femal ... | 2002 | 11937233 |
| use of a serum-free medium to produce in vitro neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites on vero cells. | neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii are cyst-forming coccidian parasites of human and veterinary clinical relevance. in vitro cultivation of the protozoans using vero cells is usually performed in order to produce antigenic materials. quantitative and qualitative comparisons of vero cells grown in rpmi medium supplemented either with foetal calf serum (fcs), horse serum (hs) or a specific serum-free additive (defcell) were performed. a serum-free cell culture system used to propagate n. canin ... | 2002 | 11944805 |
| infection of organotypic slice cultures from rat central nervous tissue with neospora caninum: an alternative approach to study host-parasite interactions. | neospora caninum is an apicomplexan parasite which has emerged as an important cause of bovine abortion worldwide. abortion is usually triggered by reactivation of dormant bradyzoites during pregnancy and subsequent congenital infection of the foetus, where the central nervous system appears to be most frequently affected. we here report on an organotypic tissue culture model for neospora infection which can be used to study certain aspects of the cerebral phase of neosporosis within the context ... | 2002 | 11943226 |
| a method of probability diagnostic assignment that applies bayes theorem for use in serologic diagnostics, using an example of neospora caninum infection in cattle. | to develop a method of probability diagnostic assignment (pda) that uses continuous serologic measures and infection prevalence to estimate the probability of an animal being infected, using neospora caninum as an example. | 2002 | 11911564 |
| sensitive and specific identification of neospora caninum infection of cattle based on detection of serum antibodies to recombinant ncp29. | neosporosis is an economically important disease of dairy cattle caused by the protozoan neospora caninum. diagnostic tests for neosporosis are complicated by the potential for cross-reaction of antibodies to antigens that are similar between n. caninum and closely related parasites toxoplasma gondii and sarcocystis cruzi. to provide a sensitive and specific assay for detecting antibodies to n. caninum in the serum of infected animals, we have investigated a recombinant form of the antigen known ... | 2002 | 11986268 |
| immunological relationship between neospora caninum and besnoitia besnoiti. | neospora caninum is a coccidian parasite identified as a major cause of abortion in cattle. a combined infection of n. caninum with another taxonomically related parasite of cattle, besnoitia besnoiti can occur in geographical areas endemic for both species. both infections are routinely diagnosed serologically, and incorrect diagnosis could occur if immunological cross-reactivity exists between the two parasites. to investigate the possible degree of cross-reactivity, we compared results obtain ... | 2002 | 11992709 |
| identification of a neospora caninum microneme protein (ncmic1) which interacts with sulfated host cell surface glycosaminoglycans. | the invasive stages of apicomplexan parasites enter their host cells through mechanisms which are largely conserved throughout the phylum. host cell invasion is divided into two distinct events, namely, adhesion onto the host cell surface and the actual host cell entry process. the former is mediated largely through microneme proteins which are secreted at the onset of establishing contact with the host cell surface. many of the microneme proteins identified so far contain adhesive domains. we h ... | 2002 | 12011014 |
| epidemiological investigations of abortions due to neospora caninum on swiss dairy farms. | abortions apparently due to neospora caninum in two swiss dairy herds were investigated by means of a pcr and elisa, and other potential causes were eliminated. in addition, a case-control study of 24 case herds and 24 control herds indicated that n caninum-associated abortions were more likely to occur in herds with antibodies to coxiella burnetii (with an odds ratio [or] of 3.38 with a 95 per cent confidence interval [ci] of 1.82 to 6.22), whereas the likelihood was less in herds with antibodi ... | 2002 | 12019533 |
| trigeminal neuropathy in dogs: a retrospective study of 29 cases (1991-2000). | the medical records of 29 dogs unable to close their mouths due to flaccid paralysis or paresis of the muscles innervated by the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve, were reviewed. idiopathic trigeminal neuropathy was diagnosed in 26 dogs based on complete resolution of clinical signs and lack of any long-term neurological disease. of these dogs, golden retrievers were overrepresented. no age, sex, or seasonal predispositions were identified. trigeminal sensory innervation deficits were ob ... | 2002 | 12022413 |
| mechanisms of apoptosis in murine fibroblasts by two intracellular protozoan parasites, toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum. | studies to clarify the mechanisms of apoptosis in host cells, a31 (balb/3t3 clone a31 fibroblasts), caused by two intracellular protozoan parasites, toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum, were carried out in an in vitro system. the viability of n. caninum-infected cells was significantly reduced following treatment with mouse interferon (ifn)-gamma. by contrast, mouse ifn-gamma treatment had no significant effect on the induction of apoptosis in t. gondii-infected cells. apoptosis of n. caninum ... | 2002 | 12164820 |
| serological survey of neospora caninum infection in dairy cattle herds in aguascalientes, mexico. | a serological survey for antibody activity to neospora caninum was carried out in aguascalientes, a state in the central part of mexico. one-hundred and eighty-seven serum samples from 13 dairy herds were tested by the elisa test. the herd prevalence was 100% and the overall prevalence was 59% (n=110). seventy-six of 97 seropositive cows had previous records of abortion. there was a statistically significant difference between the groups (p<0.05). however, the odds ratio was 1.4, suggesting an a ... | 2002 | 12031815 |
| confirmation of the prevention of vertical transmission of neospora caninum in cattle by the use of embryo transfer. | 2002 | 12224621 | |
| vero cell surface proteoglycan interaction with the microneme protein ncmic(3) mediates adhesion of neospora caninum tachyzoites to host cells unlike that in toxoplasma gondii. | neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii are characterised by a very low host cell specificity, thus they are able to infect a wide range of different cells in vivo and in vitro. infection of the host cell by tachyzoites is a process which is preceded by adhesion onto the host cell surface. the receptors on the host cell surface which would allow n. caninum to establish a physical interaction have not been investigated so far. here we report the role of host cell surface proteoglycans as receptors ... | 2002 | 12062488 |
| occurrence of neospora caninum antibodies in sera from dogs of the city of são paulo, brazil. | neospora caninum is an important cause of abortion in dairy cattle worldwide. dogs are important in the epidemiology of this parasite because they are the only hosts known to excrete n. caninum oocysts. in order to understand the prevalence of n. caninum in dogs, sera from 500 owned dogs and from over 600 feral street dogs from the city of são paulo, brazil were assayed for antibodies to n. caninum. sera were examined by the neospora agglutination test (nat) using mouse-derived tachyzoites. anti ... | 2002 | 12031819 |
| a longitudinal study of neospora caninum infection on a dairy farm in new zealand. | a 600-cow new zealand dairy herd experienced an abortion storm in 1997 and was monitored (blood sampling at about 3-month intervals) from may 1997 until january 1999. abortion risk reached 9% in 1997 and was highest in heifers at 19%. the abortion risk decreased in 1998 to 3.2% (still somewhat higher than during the years prior to the outbreak). the serological reaction pattern for neospora caninum showed an association with abortion risk only around the time of the 1997 outbreak when seropositi ... | 2002 | 12062516 |
| hepatic sarcocystosis in a striped dolphin (stenella coeruleoalba) from the spanish mediterranean coast. | fatal hepatic sarcocystosis was diagnosed in a striped dolphin (stenella coeruleoalba) from the northeastern spanish mediterranean coast based on pathologic findings and the microscopic and ultrastructural characteristics of the intralesional parasite. main gross lesions were icterus, subcutaneous hemorrhages, and hepatic congestion. the most prominent microscopic lesions consisted of severe acute multifocal to coalescing necrotizing hepatitis with cholestasis and intralesional protozoa. there w ... | 2002 | 12053971 |
| immune factors influencing the course of infection with neospora caninum in the murine host. | this paper investigates the role of specific immune factors on the course of infection in genetic knockout (gko) mice infected with 3 different strains of neospora caninum. survival time and parasite persistence were examined in interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma), tumor necrosis factor receptor-2 (tnfr2), interleukin 10 (il-10), beta 2 microglobulin (beta2m), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos2) gko or wild-type (wt) mice following infection with either pathogenic (nc-1 or nc-2) or attenuated ( ... | 2002 | 12053997 |
| immunisation of mice against neosporosis. | in the present study a murine encephalitis model was used to investigate if protection against neosporosis could be achieved by immunisation. groups of 10 mice were immunised with a sublethal dose of live neospora caninum tachyzoites, n. caninum antigens incorporated into iscoms, n. caninum lysate mixed with quil a, or n. caninum lysate in pbs. control mice were given quil a only. challenge infection with 2.5x10(6) n. caninum tachyzoites resulted in clinical symptoms that remained until the end ... | 2002 | 12062558 |
| pattern of recognition of neospora caninum tachyzoite antigens by naturally infected pregnant cattle and aborted foetuses. | different aspects of neospora tachyzoite antigen recognition by neospora-infected heifers and cows and aborted foetuses were studied. the pattern of antigen recognition and the relationship between ifat titres and number of neospora antigens detected, were evaluated. in addition, the tachyzoite antigens involved in the humoral immune response developed against infection in normal cows and cows that aborted were also characterised throughout pregnancy. comparison of tachyzoite antigen recognition ... | 2002 | 12072210 |
| redescription of neospora caninum and its differentiation from related coccidia. | neospora caninum is a protozoan parasite of animals, which before 1984 was misidentified as toxoplasma gondii. infection by this parasite is a major cause of abortion in cattle and causes paralysis in dogs. since the original description of n. caninum in 1988, considerable progress has been made in the understanding of its life cycle, biology, genetics and diagnosis. in this article, the authors redescribe the parasite, distinguish it from related coccidia, and provide accession numbers to its t ... | 2002 | 12076623 |
| p38-avidity-elisa: examination of herds experiencing epidemic or endemic neospora caninum-associated bovine abortion. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was established to measure the avidity of bovine igg directed against p38, a surface antigen (ncsrs2) of neospora caninum tachyzoites. in the sera of dams intravenously infected with n. caninum nc-1, the p38-specific avidity increased from initially below 40% up to avidity indices between 50 and 80% after days 23 and 91 p.i. the p38-avidity-elisa was used to examine various herds that had experienced endemic and epidemic n. caninum-associated bovine a ... | 2002 | 12079735 |
| serological survey of neospora caninum and leishmania infantum co-infection in dogs. | a seroprevalence survey and risk analysis of neospora caninum and leishmania infantum was conducted in dogs from an area of the campania region of southern italy, in order to investigate the co-infection of these two protozoa. blood samples were collected from 1058 asymptomatic dogs over a 18 months period. serum samples were tested for antibodies to n. caninum and to l. infantum using the indirect fluorescent antibody test. epidemiological data (breed, age, sex, and utilization) were collected ... | 2002 | 12079736 |
| neosporosis in a white rhinoceros (ceratotherium simum) calf. | a 16-day-old white rhinoceros calf died suddenly while in excellent condition and showing no obvious previous clinical signs. it was the 9th calf of a mature female kept free-ranging with 11 other rhinoceros as well as various other game species on a 2000 hectare game breeding centre adjacent to the town of lichtenburg and outlying cattle farmlands in the northern province. at post mortem examination, death was ascribed to heart failure. there was marked multifocal to coalescing subacute parasit ... | 2002 | 12088073 |
| coprodiagnosis of hammondia heydorni in dogs by pcr based amplification of its 1 rrna: differentiation from morphologically indistinguishable oocysts of neospora caninum. | hammondia heydorni is thought to be a non-pathogenic coccidian parasite of dogs that is closely related to neospora caninum, an important parasite of cattle and dogs. oocysts of these two species are morphologically indistinguishable from each other. a population of 2240 dogs in the czech republic was screened for the presence of h. heydorni/n. caninum oocysts and five (0.22%), represented by five of 3135 faecal samples (0.16%), were positive. the internal transcribed spacer 1 region of the rrna ... | 2002 | 12093189 |
| responses of adipose and muscle lipoprotein lipase to chronic infection and subsequent acute lipopolysaccharide challenge. | infection of male swiss webster mice with toxoplasma gondii or neospora caninum leads to long-term alterations in energy balance. following an initial 20 to 30% weight loss in all t. gondii-infected mice, half of the animals regain most of the lost weight (gainers), whereas the others maintain their low body weight (nongainers). infection with n. caninum does not elicit weight loss. lipoprotein lipase (lpl), the enzyme responsible for plasma triglyceride (tg) clearance and partitioning among tis ... | 2002 | 12093671 |
| an analysis of the performance characteristics of serological tests for the diagnosis of neospora caninum infection in cattle. | to analyse the performance characteristics (sensitivity/specificity) of two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa) against the indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat). | 2002 | 12127250 |
| red foxes (vulpes vulpes) are a natural intermediate host of neospora caninum. | the present study was undertaken to determine if red foxes are natural intermediate and/or definitive host for neospora caninum and to study the importance of infection of n. caninum in this species in north-eastern spain. faecal samples and brain tissues were obtained from 122 foxes from 21 rural areas of catalonia. faeces collected were examined for parasite eggs and coccidian oocysts using sucrose flotation. for pcr-based diagnosis of n. caninum in brain tissues, the specific genomic nc5 regi ... | 2002 | 12163240 |
| prevalence of neospora caninum antibodies in dogs from dairy cattle farms in parana, brazil. | serum samples from 134 dogs from 22 cattle dairy farms in the northern region of parana state, brazil, were tested for antibodies to neospora caninum in an indirect fluorescent antibody test. antibodies (> or = 1:50) to n. caninum were found in 29 (21.6%) of the 134 dogs, and seropositive dogs were found on 14 (63.6%) of the 22 dairy cattle farrms. the antibody titers of dogs were 1:50 (3 dogs), 1:100 (7 dogs), 1:200 (7 dogs), 1:400 (6 dogs), and > or = 1:800 (6 dogs). the low prevalence (9%) in ... | 2002 | 12054023 |
| prevalence of antibodies to neospora caninum in white-tailed deer, odocoileus virginianus, from the southeastern united states. | serum samples from 305 white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) from 14 states in the southeastern united states were examined for antibodies to neospora caninum using a direct agglutination test. positive agglutination titers were found in 145 (48%) of the white-tailed deer examined: 21 (7%) had titers of 1:25, 92 (30%) had titers of 1:50, and 32 (10%) had titers of > or = 1:500. these findings that antibodies to n. caninum are common in white-tailed deer support the concept that a sylvatic c ... | 2002 | 12054027 |
| susceptibility of psammomys obesus and meriones tristrami to tachyzoites of neospora caninum. | the susceptibility of psammomys obesus (sand rat) and meriones tristrami (tristram's jird) to neospora caninum was investigated by subcutaneous (s.c.) and intraperitoneal (i.p.) inoculation of 10-fold doses of culture-derived tachyzoites. groups of 5 animals were inoculated with doses of 10-10(7) parasites via each route of inoculation. all but 2 of the sand rats inoculated with doses of 10-10(4) parasites succumbed to the infection by 7-18 days postinfection. all jirds inoculated with 10(7) tac ... | 2002 | 12054004 |
| cutaneous neosporosis during treatment of pemphigus foliaceus in a dog. | a 4-year-old, intact male rottweiler was presented with a 10-day history of papulonodular dermatitis. at the time of presentation, the dog was receiving prednisone and azathioprine to treat pemphigus foliaceus. cutaneous neosporosis was diagnosed by immunohistochemistry on skin biopsy specimens and a high serum antibody titer to neospora caninum by neospora agglutination test. electron microscopy examination of skin specimens further supported the diagnosis. clindamycin therapy, together with wi ... | 2002 | 12220024 |
| characterization of an outbred pregnant mouse model of neospora caninum infection. | fetal loss and vertical transmission of neospora caninum were evaluated in outbred quackenbush (qs) mice with respect to dose of parasites, n. caninum isolate, and route of injection. mice were infected with nc-liverpool or nc-sweb1 at day 5 or 8 of pregnancy with doses of 10(4), 10(6), or 10(7) parasites, through either a subcutaneous or intraperitoneal injection. polymerase chain reaction was used to detect n. caninum in the brains of offspring, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used t ... | 2002 | 12197115 |
| exogenous nitric oxide triggers neospora caninum tachyzoite-to-bradyzoite stage conversion in murine epidermal keratinocyte cell cultures. | neospora caninum, like toxoplasma gondii, undergoes stage conversion in chronically infected animals, and forms tissue cysts which contain the slowly proliferating bradyzoite stage. these tissue cysts are delineated by a cyst wall, protect the parasite from physiological and immunological reactions on part of the host, and bradyzoites remain viable within an infected host for many years. however, unlike t. gondii, n. caninum bradyzoites have been difficult to obtain using in vitro culture techni ... | 2002 | 12204225 |
| neospora caninum: a cause of immune-mediated failure of pregnancy? | resistance to many intracellular protozoan parasites is dependent on t helper cell 1 cytokine responses. this has important repercussions for pregnant females because strong t helper cell 1 cytokine responses are incompatible with successful pregnancy. thus, there are two possible consequences of infection with protozoans such as leishmania major, plasmodium falciparum and toxoplasma gondii during pregnancy: (1) pregnancy is compromised; or (2) resistance to the parasite is compromised. the apic ... | 2002 | 12377255 |
| steroid hormones do not reactivate neospora caninum in ovariectomized mice. | the direct effects of three steroid hormones (progesterone, estradiol-17beta and corticosterone) on the growth of neospora caninum (n. caninum) tachyzoite were examined in vero cells. subsequently, ovariectomized balb/c mice infected with n. caninum were treated with physiological concentrations of the steroid hormones for 1 or 2 weeks. these hormones had no direct effect on the parasite growth in vitro. in the infected mice, there was no significant difference in the parasite distribution and h ... | 2002 | 12399600 |
| seroepidemiology of beef and dairy herds and fetal study of neospora caninum in argentina. | the purpose of the present work was to study the epidemiology of neospora caninum in beef and dairy herds in the humid pampas of argentina. the seroprevalence of n. caninum was evaluated in 2414 serum samples of cows from beef and dairy farms. an indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat) was used to determine specific antibodies. the sera was screened at a dilution >or=1:200 and >or=1:600 in cows with reproductive disease antecedents and without them, respectively. cows without history of reprod ... | 2002 | 12163242 |
| serological investigation of aborted sheep and pigs for infection by neospora caninum. | serology for neospora caninum was undertaken using direct elisas on sera from 660 aborted sheep and 454 breeding sows, which had aborted or were considered infertile. all ovine sera were further tested by indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat) for n. caninum, and a latex agglutination test (lat) for toxoplasma gondii was performed on 423 of the samples, including all those positive by elisa. elisa-positive porcine sera were tested by ifat and an inhibition elisa for antibodies to n. caninum a ... | 2002 | 12204640 |
| fetal infection with neospora caninum in dairy and beef cattle in belgium. | neospora caninum is a protozoan parasite, which causes fetal and neonatal mortality in livestock and companion animals. in 224 abortions in belgian cattle, different diagnostic methods were used to demonstrate infection, and the presence of n. caninum. an indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat) was used to analyze fetal and maternal sera and immunohistochemistry (ihc) was performed when lesions consistent with neosporosis were observed in the brain, heart or liver. twenty dairy cattle sera out ... | 2002 | 12212893 |
| management factors related to seroprevalences to bovine viral-diarrhoea virus, bovine-leukosis virus, mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, and neospora caninum in dairy herds in the canadian maritimes. | bovine viral-diarrhoea (bvd), enzootic bovine leukosis (ebl), johne's disease (jd), and neosporosis lower on-farm productivity, reduce export competitiveness, and increase consumer concerns regarding safety. our purpose was to examine the relationship between 27 control practices and the estimated true seroprevalences for these four diseases for 2604 cattle in 90 dairy herds in the maritimes provinces of canada. overall, 37.8, 20.4, 3.4, and 19.2% of all sampled cattle were truly exposed to the ... | 2002 | 12324207 |
| direct production losses and treatment costs from bovine viral diarrhoea virus, bovine leukosis virus, mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, and neospora caninum. | our purpose was to determine direct production losses (milk loss, premature voluntary culling and reduced slaughter value, mortaliy loss, and abortion and reproductive loss) and treatmetn costs (veterinary services, medication cost, and extra farm labour cost) due to four infectious diseases in the maritime provinces of canada: bovine viral diarrhoea (bvd), enzootic bovine leukosis (ebl), johne's disease (jd), and neosporosis. we used a partial-budget model, and incorporated risk and sensitivity ... | 2002 | 12350317 |
| neospora caninum: oocyst challenge of pregnant cows. | three pregnant cows were each orally challenged at 10 weeks of gestation with 600 sporulated oocysts of neospora caninum. the number of oocysts was limited by those available. in concurrent bioassays, one oocyst per os infected each of two gerbils. challenged cattle developed neospora-specific antibody, cell proliferation and gamma-interferon responses. n. caninum specific pcr demonstrated persisting infection in the brains of cows 4 months after calving. abortion was not induced and there was n ... | 2002 | 12383634 |
| validation of 2 commercial neospora caninum antibody enzyme linked immunosorbent assays. | this is a validation study of 2 commercially available enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (elisa) for the detection of antibodies against neospora caninum in bovine serum. the results of the reference sera (n = 30) and field sera from an infected beef herd (n = 150) were tested by both elisas and the results were compared statistically. when the immunoblotting results of the reference bovine sera were compared to the elisa results, the same identity score (96.67%) and kappa values (k) (0.93) wer ... | 2002 | 12418782 |
| prevalence of antibodies to neospora caninum in korean native beef cattle. | a total of 438 sera from korean native beef cattle in 9 provinces were tested for neospora caninum antibodies using an immunofluorescent antibody test (ifat). eighteen (4.1%) cattle were positive by ifat. the titers ranged from 1:200 (10 animals), 1:400 (5 animals), 1:800 (2 animals) to 1:1,600 (1 animal). although the seroprevalence was slightly higher in chungnam (8.9%), this was not significantly different from those noted in kyunggi, kangwon, kyungbuk, kyungnam, and cheju provinces. sera obt ... | 2002 | 12419873 |
| dog shedding oocysts of neospora caninum: pcr diagnosis and molecular phylogenetic approach. | results of molecular determination of a dog isolate of neospora caninum in the czech republic are presented. colorless bisporocystic oocysts measuring 10-13 micro m x 10-11 micro m were recovered from feces and used for dna isolation. a diagnostic pcr procedure using previously described molecular methods was performed to determine the species. the n. caninum species-specific primers based on the nc 5 region produced a positive result, while primers specific for hammondia heydorni rdna internal ... | 2002 | 12423929 |
| characterisation of the first australian isolate of neospora caninum from cattle. | to isolate neospora caninum from a congenitally infected calf. | 2002 | 12465814 |
| immune responses to neospora caninum and prospects for vaccination. | developing an effective vaccine against neosporosis presents several interesting challenges. the parasite is spread efficiently from mother to foetus over several generations, and naturally infected cattle do not appear to develop adequate protective immunity. modulation of the immune response during pregnancy favours parasite survival and multiplication. however, induction of pro-inflammatory responses that are thought to be protective against neospora caninum would be detrimental to the pregna ... | 2002 | 12473366 |
| neospora caninum ncsrs2 is a transmembrane protein that contains a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor in insect cells. | we investigated the terminal location of ncsrs2, a surface antigen of neospora caninum that has potential use for diagnosis, and demonstrated its importance as a vaccine component against neosporosis, in an insect-baculovirus expression system. to examine the role of the hydrophobic c-terminal tail in ncsrs2, four types of recombinant baculoviruses were constructed. immunoblotting and n-terminal amino acid analysis revealed cleavage of a 6 kda of the n-terminal signal peptide in the mature ncsrs ... | 2002 | 12423932 |
| a high rate of seroconversion for neospora caninum in a dairy herd without an obvious increased incidence of abortions. | the purpose of this paper is to investigate the high rate of seroconversion for neospora caninum in a dairy herd. forty-five of 95 (47%) of the seronegative animals seroconverted within a period of 6 months. seropositive animals were not equally distributed among age-groups. a high seroprevalence age-group of 8-30 months was housed together during a period of 4 months, indicating a point source infection within this period. a lack of association between the serological status of daughters and mo ... | 2002 | 12423933 |
| transplacental toxoplasmosis in a reindeer (rangifer tarandus) fetus. | toxoplasma gondii infection was diagnosed in a full term stillborn reindeer (rangifer tarandus) fetus. the fetus had encephalitis and placentitis associated with t. gondii. tissue cysts were identified histologically in sections of brain and tachyzoites were present in placenta and the myocardium. protozoa in the brain, heart, and placenta stained positively with t. gondii antibodies, but not with neospora caninum antibodies in an immunohistochemical test. the dam of the fetus had a 1:12,800 tit ... | 2002 | 12446098 |
| the comparative pathogenesis of neosporosis. | since its first description in dogs in 1984, the protozoan parasite neospora caninum has been found to infect a wide range of animals, worldwide. in cattle, n. caninum has particular significance as a cause of abortion in which persistence of infection in the mother, recrudescence of the parasite during pregnancy, and the vulnerability of the placenta and foetus to invasion are important features. this article discusses how neospora invades cells, how it infects and causes disease in several ani ... | 2002 | 12482540 |
| application of real-time fluorescent pcr for quantitative assessment of neospora caninum infections in organotypic slice cultures of rat central nervous system tissue. | the previously described nc5-specific pcr test for the diagnosis of neospora caninum infections was used to develop a quantitative pcr assay which allows the determination of infection intensities within different experimental and diagnostic sample groups. the quantitative pcr was performed by using a dual fluorescent hybridization probe system and the lightcycler instrument for online detection of amplified dna. this assay was successfully applied for demonstrating the parasite proliferation ki ... | 2002 | 11773124 |
| companion animal parasitology: a clinical perspective. | in recent years there have been many changes to the ways that clinical veterinary science is conducted and nowhere is this more evident than in companion animal practice. veterinarians working with pet dogs and cats are facing new challenges associated with the emergence and re-emergence of parasitic diseases. some, such as neospora caninum, have been recently recognised; others like giardia and cryptosporidium have been reported with increasing frequency, in part as a result of laboratory tests ... | 2002 | 11943231 |
| studies on serological cross-reaction of neospora caninum with toxoplasma gondii and hammondia heydorni. | the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was used to examine cross-reactivity of neospora caninum with toxoplasma gondii and hammondia heydorni. anti-t. gondii mouse and cat sera cross-reacted with n. caninum soluble antigen (nla), but not with the recombinant surface antigen (ncsrs2). anti-h. heydorni dog sera showed no cross-reactivity with either the nla antigen or the ncsrs2. lack of cross-reactivity between anti-h. heydorni sera and n. caninum antigens, and the cross-reactivity of anti ... | 2002 | 11913555 |
| effect of neospora caninum on in vitro development of preimplantation stage bovine embryos and adherence to the zona pellucida. | 2002 | 11913589 | |
| necrotizing cerebellitis due to neospora caninum infection in an old dog. | a severe, necrotizing, non-suppurative inflammation of the cerebellum associated with neospora caninum infection was identified in a 14-year-old male labrador retriever. on presentation, clinical signs included mild depression and head tremor, marked ataxia of both thoracic and pelvic limbs, and abnormal postural reactions. in the central nervous system, inflammatory lesions were mainly restricted to the cerebellar leptomeninges and cerebellar cortex, which appeared necrotic and atrophic. protoz ... | 2002 | 11913826 |
| natural transmission routes of neospora caninum between farm dogs and cattle. | twelve dairy herds with evidence of post-natal infection with neospora caninum were compared with 21 control herds with no evidence of post-natal infection. on the former farms, dogs consumed placenta or licked uterine discharge in 75 and 67% of the farms, respectively, while on control farms these activities occurred in 38 and 24% of the farms, respectively. on all control farms and all but three post-natally infected farms the dogs were fed colostrum or milk. defecation of dogs on the feeding ... | 2002 | 11900923 |
| diagnosis and seroepidemiology of neospora caninum-associated bovine abortion. | a round table was conducted at the viiith international coccidiosis conference on neospora diagnosis with particular emphasis on strategies to diagnose bovine abortion. the strength and weakness of different assays for neospora caninum infection and whether these methods have resulted in the overdiagnosis of neosporosis was discussed. it was evident that each diagnostic method, namely histology, immunohistochemistry, molecular detection and serological assays were, under certain circumstances, v ... | 2002 | 11943234 |
| quantitative detection of neospora caninum in bovine aborted fetuses and experimentally infected mice by real-time pcr. | we report the development of a real-time pcr assay for the quantitative detection of neospora caninum in infected host tissues. the assay uses the double-stranded dna-binding dye sybr green i to continuously monitor product formation. oligonucleotide primers were designed to amplify a 76-bp dna fragment corresponding to the nc5 sequence of n. caninum. a similar method was developed to quantify the 28s rrna host gene in order to compare the parasite load of different samples and to correct for th ... | 2002 | 11923330 |
| in contrast to dogs, red foxes (vulpes vulpes) did not shed neospora caninum upon feeding of intermediate host tissues. | to clarify whether red foxes (vulpes vulpes) can be final hosts of neospora caninum, foxes and dogs were fed in parallel on tissues of a sheep and a goat experimentally infected with n. caninum. the faeces of at least two of five dogs contained n. caninum oocysts, as determined by bioassay. in the faeces of all six foxes fed in parallel, oocysts were detected that were larger in size (length 12.6 +/- 0.5 microm, width 11.8 +/- 0.4 microm) than the oocysts shed by the dogs. ribosomal rna sequence ... | 2002 | 11822736 |
| neospora caninum and hammondia heydorni are separate species/organisms. | neospora caninum and hammondia heydorni are two coccidian parasites with morphologically similar oocysts in canine feces. it was recently proposed that they are one species. in this paper, we review the biology and morphology of these parasites and present evidence that n. caninum and h. heydorni are separate species. | 2002 | 11832296 |
| neosporosis as a cause of abortion in dairy cattle in rio grande do sul, southern brazil. | forty-six aborted bovine fetuses submitted to the faculty of veterinary, department of clinical pathology, universidade federal do rio grande do sul, were examined histopathologically. non-suppurative inflammation was observed mainly in the brain and heart of 22 fetuses. brain lesions consisted primarily of mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltrates with occasional foci of necrosis. protozoa that reacted with neospora caninum antisera were seen in 18 of the 22 (81.8%) brain specimens from fetuses ... | 2002 | 11750112 |
| in vitro antiprotozoal effects of artemisinin on neospora caninum. | neospora caninum is an intracellular apicomplexan parasite that infects a wide range of mammals and has been associated with abortion in cattle worldwide. artemisinin is an effective antimalarial compound derived from a traditional chinese herbal remedy, qinghao or artemisia annua l. in the study reported, the cultured host cells (vero cells or mouse peritoneal macrophages) infected with n. caninum tachyzoites were incubated with alpha-mem (minimal essential medium) 10%hs supplemented with vario ... | 2002 | 11751000 |
| isolation of viable toxoplasma gondii from naturally infected aborted bovine fetuses. | neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii are related parasites. the former is a common cause of abortion in dairy cattle. the latter has not been conclusively demonstrated in bovine fetuses. during the course of attempts to isolate n. caninum from aborted fetuses, t. gondii was isolated from 2 aborted fetuses, 1 from portugal and 1 from the united states. both isolates were made by bioassay of fetal brains in mice. the fetus from portugal was about 5 mo in gestational age, and the fetus from the u ... | 2002 | 12537120 |
| prevalence of antibodies to neospora caninum and sarcocystis neurona in sera of domestic cats from brazil. | parasite biology, epidemiology and systematics laboratory, animal and natural resources institute, agricultural research service, united states department of agriculture, building 1001, beltsville, maryland 20705-2350 antibodies to neospora caninum and sarcocystis neurona were determined in serum samples of 502 domestic cats from brazil using direct agglutination tests with the respective antigens. antibodies to s. neurona were not found in 1:50 dilution of any serum in the s. neurona agglutinat ... | 2002 | 12537122 |
| [abortion in small ruminants in switzerland: investigations during two lambing seasons (1996-1998) with special regard to chlamydial abortions]. | abortion cases of 144 goats und 86 sheep were investigated etiologically during 2 lambing seasons (1996/1997, 1997/1998). macroscopic inspection of fetus and placenta was completed by histopathology and bacteriological isolation of agents. in addition, immunohistologically the following antigens were labeled in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue sections: toxoplasma gondii, neospora caninum, chlamydophila abortus (formerly chlamydia psittaci serovar 1) and border disease virus. from far ... | 2002 | 12677687 |
| diagnostic survey of bovine abortion in korea: with special emphasis on neospora caninum. | causes of bovine abortion were surveyed in korea within a designated period from the cases submitted to the department of veterinary pathology, college of veterinary medicine, seoul national university. one hundred and eighty aborted fetuses and maternal sera were evaluated by necropsy, histopathology, bacteriology, virology, pcr, and serologic tests. the causes of abortion were identified in 108 (60%) cases, of which 38 (21.1%) were due to the infection with neospora caninum. none of the 38 cas ... | 2002 | 12520105 |
| survey of neospora caninum antibodies in dairy and beef cattle from five regions of the united states. | serum samples from 4,907 cows from 93 dairy and five beef herds were analyzed for antibodies to neospora caninum by commercially available elisa. the herds were recruited from 20 states and the territory of puerto rico. a questionnaire assessed the herd's abortion history and exposure risks to n. caninum. results showed that 788 (16%) cows tested positive for antibodies to n. caninum. at least one positive animal was detected in 90% of the herds tested. the prevalence of cows seropositive to n. ... | 2002 | 12584676 |
| improved production of neospora caninum oocysts, cyclical oral transmission between dogs and cattle, and in vitro isolation from oocysts. | scarce information is available about neospora caninum oocysts and sporozoites, in part because only small numbers of oocysts have typically been produced by experimentally infected dogs. we hypothesized that i reason for low experimental production of oocysts is that dogs have been fed tissues from experimentally infected mice instead of tissues from cattle (which are natural intermediate hosts of n. caninum). in this study, 9 dogs were fed tissues from n. caninum-infected calves, and oocyst pr ... | 2002 | 12537111 |