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neospora caninum and coxiella burnetii seropositivity are related to endocrine pattern changes during gestation in lactating dairy cows.q fever is a zoonotic infection caused by coxiella burnetii that is endemic worldwide. domestic ruminants are a source of infection for humans. given the suggestion that the bacterium recrudesces during pregnancy in cattle, this study was designed to determine whether c. burnetii infection affects hormonal patterns, such as progesterone, cortisol, pregnancy associated glycoproteins (pag), and prolactin during gestation in lactating cows. possible interactions with neospora caninum were also expl ...201020416940
comparative analysis of stage specific gene regulation of apicomplexan parasites: plasmodium falciparum and toxoplasma gondii.apicomplexans comprise some of the most life threatening parasites infecting human and livestock and includes plasmodium and toxoplasma, the causative agents of malaria and toxoplasmosis respectively, in humans as well as neospora caninum (abortion in livestock, neosporosis in dogs), cryptosporidium (diarrheal cryptosporidiosis and opportunistic infections in aids patients) and eimeria (poultry coccidiosis). these parasites are characterized by a complex life cycle usually alternating between se ...201020429866
development of an indirect elisa test using an affinity purified surface antigen (p38) for sero-diagnosis of canine neospora caninum infection.neospora caninum is an intracellular protozoan that infects domestic and wild canids, as well as many warm blooded animals as shown by the isolation of viable parasites and the detection of parasite dna in naturally infected hosts. n. caninum is described as a cause of neuromuscular disease and death in dogs. the dog is also known as a definitive host, shedding oocysts involved in the transmission of the infection to intermediate hosts. this study was conducted to develop an indirect elisa test ...201020434268
molecular characterization of neospora caninum mag1, a dense granule protein secreted into the parasitophorous vacuole, and associated with the cyst wall and the cyst matrix.summary: in neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii, the parasitophorous vacuole (pv) is synthesized at the time of infection. during tachyzoite-to-bradyzoite stage conversion, the pv is later transformed into a tissue cyst that allows parasites to survive in their host for extended periods of time. we report on the characterization of ncmag1, the n. caninum orthologue of t. gondii mag1 (matrix antigen 1; tgmag1). the 456 amino acid predicted ncmag1 protein is 54% identical to tgmag1. by immunobl ...201020444303
occurrence of antibodies anti-neospora caninum, anti-toxoplasma gondii, and anti-leishmania chagasi in serum of dogs from pará state, amazon, brazil.a cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the occurrence of anti-toxoplasma gondii, anti-neospora caninum, and anti- leishmania chagasi antibodies in dogs of the state of pará, brazil. for this purpose, 129 blood samples were collected from dogs of different ages and gender. samples of 72 dogs were collected from 39 rural properties from 19 municipalities, and 57 samples were from stray dogs, collected after captivity by the center of zoonosis control from the municipality of santarém. ...201020445991
roles of cd122+ cells in resistance against neospora caninum infection in a murine model.innate cells, such as natural killer (nk) cells and nkt cells, play essential roles as primary effector cells at the interface between the host and parasite until establishment of adaptive immunity. however, the roles of nk and nkt cells in defense against neospora caninum have not been well clarified. nk and nkt cells were depleted by the treatment with an anti-cd122 (interleukin-2 receptor beta chain) monoclonal antibody (mab, tm-β1) in vivo. the parasite burden in the brain of mice was promot ...201020460838
detection of neospora caninum dna in capybaras and phylogenetic analysis.the role of rodents in the sylvatic cycle of neospora sp. and in the neosporosis epidemiology is still uncertain. the aim of the present work was to detect neospora caninum and to determine its prevalence in capybaras (hydrochaeris hydrochaeris), to help elucidate the role of this rodent in the life cycle of the parasite. n.caninum dna was detected by pcr using 4 different sets of primers specific to the nc5 and its1 sequences. the parasite was found in the lymph nodes, heart, liver, and blood o ...201020470895
neospora caninum excreted/secreted antigens trigger cc-chemokine receptor 5-dependent cell migration.neospora caninum, the causative agent of neosporosis, is an obligate intracellular parasite considered to be a major cause of abortion in cattle throughout the world. most studies concerning n. caninum have focused on life cycle, seroepidemiology, pathology and vaccination, while data on host-parasite interaction, such as host cell migration, mechanisms of evasion and dissemination of this parasite during the early phase of infection are still poorly understood. here we show the ability of excre ...201020060395
fetal death in cows experimentally infected with neospora caninum at 110 days of gestation.neospora caninum is a major cause of abortion in cattle, but the reasons why some animals abort and not others remain unclear. most of the n. caninum experimental primary infections in cattle late in gestation, after 120 days of pregnancy, result in birth of full-term congenitally infected fetuses. in the present study, the distribution of parasites and pathogenesis of infection in both dams and fetuses after inoculation with 10(7) culture derived tachyzoites of n. caninum nc-illinois cattle str ...201020089361
toxoplasma gondii infection specifically increases the levels of key host micrornas.the apicomplexan parasite toxoplasma gondii can infect and replicate in virtually any nucleated cell in many species of warm-blooded animals; thus, it has evolved the ability to exploit well-conserved biological processes common to its diverse hosts. here we have investigated whether toxoplasma modulates the levels of host micrornas (mirnas) during infection.201020090903
neospora caninum: application of apical membrane antigen 1 encapsulated in the oligomannose-coated liposomes for reduction of offspring mortality from infection in balb/c mice.liposomes coated with neoglycolipids constructed with mannopentaose and dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine (m3-dppe), referred to as m3-dppe liposomes, have been shown to induce cellular immunity against antigens encapsulated therein. to evaluate whether these m3-dppe liposomes have an adjuvant capacity against neospora caninum infection, a novel immunization method utilizing soluble n. caninum apical membrane antigen 1 (ncama1) encapsulated in the m3-dppe liposomes (m3-ncama1) was employed. th ...201020097198
serologic profiles for sarcocystis sp. and neospora caninum and productive performance in naturally infected beef calves.sarcocystis sp. and neospora caninum infections affect cattle worldwide causing important economic losses. the objective of the present study was to trace serologic profiles for sarcocystis sp. and n. caninum in naturally infected beef calves and analyze their relationship with transmission routes and productive performance. samples were collected in two cow-calf operations located in buenos aires province, argentina. in farm 1, 43 calves were bled and weighed three times. in farm 2, 69 calves w ...201020101411
australian dingoes are definitive hosts of neospora caninum.to provide objective data on the potential role of dingoes (canis lupus dingo) in the life cycle of neospora caninum in australia, the production of n. caninum oocysts by experimentally infected canids was investigated. three dingo pups raised in captivity and three domestic dogs were fed tissue from calves infected with an australian isolate of n. caninum, nc-nowra. oocysts of n. caninum, confirmed by species-specific pcr, were shed in low numbers by one dingo pup at 12-14 days p.i. the remaini ...201020149793
identification of neospora caninum proteins regulated during the differentiation process from tachyzoite to bradyzoite stage by dige.identification of differentially expressed proteins during neospora caninum tachyzoite-bradyzoite conversion processes may lead to a better knowledge of the pathogenic mechanisms developed by this important parasite of cattle. in the present work, a differential expression proteomic study of tachyzoite and bradyzoite stages was accomplished for the first time by applying dige technology coupled with ms analysis. up to 72 differentially expressed spots were visualized (1.5-fold in relative abunda ...201020162558
meningoencephalitis associated with sarcocystis spp. in a free-living japanese raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides viverrinus).a free-living, young adult, male japanese raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides viverrinus) was rescued in gifu, japan in march 2009. the animal was weak and emaciated with neurological signs that included head tilt, tremor and tic. the brain showed no gross abnormality at necropsy, but microscopically there was severe meningoencephalitis associated with protozoa, which were morphologically consistent with the asexual developmental stage of sarcocystis spp. the protozoa were immunohistochemicall ...201020163802
stress-driven stage transformation of neospora caninum.neosporiosis, a serious disease caused by the apicomplexan intracellular parasite neospora caninum, is considered to be one of the most economically important diseases in cattle. it is associated with potentially serious complications such as abortion, stillbirth and maternal infertility. to survive in fluctuating physiological and immunological environments, n. caninum has evolved a diverse set of regulatory mechanisms that govern various adaptive responses. the most intriguing paradigm in n. c ...201020165871
the first report of ovine cerebral neosporosis and evaluation of neospora caninum prevalence in sheep in new south wales.presence of neospora caninum dna was detected in the brain and spinal cord of an adult merino sheep suspected of dying with acute non-suppurative meningoencephalitis and mild to moderate non-suppurative myelitis. the most severe neurological lesions were found in the midbrain at the rostral coliculi with moderate to severe multifocal vasculitis and gliosis. as this was the first known occurrence of cerebral disease in sheep in australia caused by n. caninum, we surveyed sera from five sheep prop ...201020189309
neospora caninum: cloning and expression of a gene coding for cytokine-inducing profilin.profilins are actin-binding proteins that in toxoplasma gondii stimulate innate immunity in mice by binding toll-like receptors (tlr) on dendritic cells (dc) leading to release of inflammatory cytokines, primarily il-12 and ifn-gamma. the purpose of the present study was to characterize neospora caninum profilin, termed ncprofilin. recombinant ncprofilin was purified by affinity chromatography, and used to prepare specific antisera to allow characterization of native ncprofilin antigen in n. can ...201020211619
the prevalence and spatial clustering of neospora caninum in dairy herds in norway.the aims of this study were to estimate the national herd prevalence and the general spatial distribution of neospora caninum infection in norwegian dairy cattle. bulk milk samples from 1657 randomly selected dairy herds were analysed by iscom elisa for the presence of n. caninum specific antibodies. the national herd prevalence was estimated to be 0.7% (95% ci: 0.3-1.2%), which is the lowest national herd prevalence reported in europe. in addition, we included a subpopulation study in which all ...201020227188
conventional and molecular diagnostic testing for the acute neurologic patient.the aim of this review is to describe and evaluate both conventional and molecular diagnostic testing utilized in dogs and cats with acute neurologic diseases. various types of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) are explored along with novel molecular diagnostic testing that ultimately may prove useful in the critical care setting.201020230434
pathogenic characterization in mice of neospora caninum isolates obtained from asymptomatic calves.in this study, we characterized 8 new isolates obtained from healthy but congenitally infected calves using a balb/c mouse model. neospora caninum-infected mice survived without exhibiting any clinical signs of disease. nevertheless, differences among isolates in parasite organ distribution, parasite burden and the severity of histopathological lesions were determined. mice infected with the nc-spain 5h, nc-spain 7 and nc-spain 9 isolates showed higher parasite burdens and more severe brain lesi ...201020233488
necrotizing cerebellitis and cerebellar atrophy caused by neospora caninum infection: magnetic resonance imaging and clinicopathologic findings in seven dogs.adult dogs with neosporosis can develop a variety of neurologic signs. no area of predilection within the nervous system so far has been identified in adult dogs.201020337912
neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii antibodies in european brown hares in the czech republic, slovakia and austria.european brown hares (lepus europaeus) coming from the czech republic, slovakia and austria were tested for serum antibodies against neospora caninum by a competitive-inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and for serum antibodies against toxoplasma gondii by an indirect fluorescent antibody test. in a total of 925 samples, 280 (30%) and 132 (14%) reacted positively for n. caninum and t. gondii antibodies, respectively. out of 333 hares in the czech republic, 129 (39%) and 71 (21%) reacted ...201020347525
a survey of neospora caninum-associated bovine abortion in large dairy farms of mashhad, iran.neospora caninum is an apicomplexan protozoon causing abortion in cattle worldwide. the present study was designed to assess the importance of this parasite for causing abortion in dairy farms in the mashhad area of iran. of the aborted bovine fetuses, 151 were collected from dairy farms between 2006 and 2008. first, brain samples were examined by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the presence of n. caninum dna, diagnosis was complemented with immunohistochemistry (ihc) and fetal serology (eli ...201020352453
comparative evaluation of immunofluorescent antibody and new immunoblot tests for the specific detection of antibodies against besnoitia besnoiti tachyzoites and bradyzoites in bovine sera.besnoitia besnoiti, an apicomplexan parasite causes economically important disease in cattle in many countries of africa and asia is re-emerging in europe. serological identification of infected cattle is important because introduction of these animals into naive herds seems to play a major role in the transmission of the parasite. we report new, simplified immunoblot-based serological tests for the detection of b. besnoiti-specific antibodies. antigens were used under non-reducing conditions in ...201020378250
prevalence of antibodies to neospora caninum in stray dogs of urmia, iran.to investigate anti-neospora caninum antibodies in stray dogs living in urmia city, 135 blood samples were collected. serum samples were screened for detection of anti-n. caninum igg antibodies using indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat; >or=50). antibodies were seen in 36 (27%) of 135 dogs. the ifat antibody titers were as follows: 1:50 in 16 dogs, 1:100 in ten dogs, 1:200 in six dogs, 1:400 in one dog, 1:800 in two dogs, and 1:1,600 in one dog. there were no significant differences in sero ...201020379836
detection of anti-toxoplasma gondii antibodies in experimentally and naturally infected non-human primates by indirect fluorescence assay (ifa) and indirect elisa.the indirect fluorescence assay (ifa) and the indirect elisa were comparatively used to detect igg and igm antibodies for toxoplasma gondii in experimentally and naturally infected primates. in the experimentally infected group, antibodies of diagnostic value were detected at day 9 post-infection (pi) with the ifa (igg and igm) and with igg-elisa. igm-elisa detected antibodies for t. gondii starting at day 3 pi until the end of the experiment (102 days pi). of the 209 naturally infected sera tes ...201020385056
a4d12 monoclonal antibody recognizes a new linear epitope from sag2a toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites, identified by phage display bioselection.toxoplasma gondii surface is coated by closely related antigens that belong to srs (sag-1 related sequences) superfamily. two tachyzoite-specific srs antigens, sag1 and sag2, are immunodominant proteins that apparently modulate the virulence of infection by inducing the host immune response against tachyzoites during the acute phase. in this study, we described a conformationally insensitive monoclonal antibody (a4d12mab) that recognizes a linear epitope shared by two isoforms of p22 that is exp ...201019261354
seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum in wild and domestic ruminants sharing pastures in galicia (northwest spain).the prevalence of antibodies to the protozoan parasites toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum were investigated by the direct agglutination test (dat) and celisa, respectively, in 160 roe deer (capreolus capreolus), 177 sheep and 178 cattle sharing pastures in galicia (northwest spain). the seroprevalence for t. gondii was 13.7% in roe deer, 57% in sheep and 7.3% in cattle. the seroprevalence for n. canimum was 6.8%, 10.1% and 24.1% in roe deer, sheep and cattle, respectively. statistically sig ...201019482324
protection against lethal neospora caninum infection in mice induced by heterologous vaccination with a mic1 mic3 knockout toxoplasma gondii strain.neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii are closely related, obligate intracellular parasites infecting a wide range of vertebrate hosts and causing abortion and neonatal morbidity and mortality. several lines of evidence suggest that cross immunity between these two pathogens could be exploited in the design of strategies for heterologous vaccination. we assessed the ability of an attenuated strain of t. gondii ("mic1-3ko strain") conferring strong protection against chronic and congenital toxop ...201019995895
seroprevalence of neospora caninum antibodies and its consequences for reproductive parameters in dairy cows from dakar-senegal, west africa.the aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of neospora caninum antibodies and its effects on reproductive parameters in cows in intensive dairy herds in dakar. randomised blood samples were taken for serology from 196 cows in four herds with a history of sporadic abortion. all of the sera were assayed for antibodies against n. caninum, candida guillermondii, coxiella burnetii, and chlamydophila sp. the associations between serostatus and reproductive parameters (abortion, number o ...201019997972
associations between reproductive performance and seropositivity for bovine leukemia virus, bovine viral-diarrhea virus, mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, and neospora caninum in canadian dairy cows.our objective was to investigate effects of seropositivity for bovine leukemia virus (blv), type 1 bovine viral-diarrhea virus (bvdv), mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map), and neospora caninum (nc), and their possible interactions, on reproductive efficiency (specifically, first-service conception [fsc], and calving interval [ci]) in dairy cows. the sample population included up to 30 randomly selected animals from 179 randomly selected farms in five provinces in canada, from w ...201020015556
risk factors associated with neospora caninum seropositivity in randomly sampled canadian dairy cows and herds.our objective was to determine cow- and herd-level risk factors associated with seropositivity for neospora caninum in a large number of randomly selected canadian dairy herds, controlling for important confounding variables and co-infections with bovine leukemia virus (blv), bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) and mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map). serum samples were obtained from 30 randomly selected cows, where available, in 240 herds using monthly milk testing, within 6 of ...201020018395
prevalence of antibodies to trypanosoma cruzi, leishmania infantum, encephalitozoon cuniculi, sarcocystis neurona, and neospora caninum in capybara, hydrochoerus hydrochaeris, from são paulo state, brazil.little is known about the importance of capybara, hydrochoerus hydrochaeris, as reservoirs for parasites of zoonotic or veterinary importance. sera from 63 capybaras, from 6 counties in the state of são paulo, brazil, were examined for antibodies to trypanosoma cruzi, leishmania infantum, encephalitozoon cuniculi, sarcocystis neurona, and neospora caninum using an indirect immunofluorescent antibody test. five (8%) of the 63 capybaras had antibodies to t. cruzi epimastigotes. none of the samples ...201020020808
flock-level seroprevalence of, and risk factors for, neospora caninum among sheep and goats in northern jordan.during the period january 2002 to december 2003, serum samples were collected from 104 small ruminant flocks consisting of 18 sheep flocks, 27 goat flocks and 59 mixed flocks containing both sheep and goats in northern jordan. only female animals were sampled. at least 5 females aged over 2 years per flock per species were sampled and examined for anti-neospora caninum antibodies using elisa. to increase the chances of detecting positive flocks, sick or older ewes were sampled. also, n. caninum ...201019923025
seroprevalence of antibodies to neospora caninum in bos javanicus ('bali cattle') from indonesia.a cross-sectional survey was performed to obtain first information on the presence of neospora caninum infection in bos javanicus ('bali cattle'), the predominant beef cattle in the eastern islands of indonesia. serum samples were collected from 438 bali cattle of two age classes (<2 years, >2 years) and both genders at three slaughterhouses in the bali island, and examined for n. caninum-specific antibodies using native ncsrs2 (p38 antigen) as an elisa antigen. the estimated overall seroprevale ...201019533406
some factors affecting the abortion rate in dairy herds with high incidence of neospora-associated abortions are different in cows and heifers.the aim of this study was to determine if the factors affecting the abortion rate in dairy herds with high incidence of neospora-associated abortions are different in pregnancies of cows and heifers chronically infected with neospora caninum. in heifers (n = 229), an increase in the cumulative number of days with a mean relative humidity (rh) lower than 60% during the second trimester of gestation increases the risk of abortion. yet, the likelihood of abortion was 7.6 times lower for pregnant he ...201019210662
viability of sporulated oocysts of neospora caninum after exposure to different physical and chemical treatments.the aim of the present study was to evaluate the viability of neospora caninum sporulated oocysts after various chemical and physical treatments. bioassays in gerbils and molecular techniques (pcr-rflp) were used for identification of the oocysts shed by experimentally infected dogs. sporulated oocysts were purified and divided into 11 treatment groups as follows: absolute ethanol for 1 hr; 20 c for 6 hr; 4 c for 6 hr; 60 c for 1 min; 100 c for 1 min; 10% formaldehyde for 1 hr; 10% ammonia for 1 ...201021348620
detection of specific antibodies anti-neospora caninum in the fallow deer (dama dama).sera from 335 farmed fallow deer (dama dama) at the breeding station in kosewo górne in the mazurian lake district, north-east poland, were investigated for the presence of antibodies against neospora caninum. the distribution of age groups was as follow: >4years - 154 animals; 2years - 76 animals; 1year - 105 animals. ten sera with the optical density exceeding 0.159 absorbance units (i.e., cut-off value) in elisa test were also analyzed by western blot. western blot analysis revealed seroreact ...201021087781
prevalence of antibodies against toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum in moose (alces alces) and roe deer (capreolus capreolus) in sweden.toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum are two coccidian parasites with a worldwide distribution. t. gondii is one of the more common parasitic zoonoses in the world and in young children and immunocompromised persons, infection can lead to severe disease and death. n. caninum is an important cause of abortions in cattle. wildlife have been identified as reservoirs and transmitters for both parasites. the purpose of this study was to investigate the seroprevalences of t. gondii, and n. caninum i ...201021232869
toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum in wildlife: common parasites in belgian foxes and cervidae?sera from cervidae were tested for the presence of antibodies against neospora caninum using elisa; and against toxoplasma gondii using sag1-elisa and a commercially available agglutination test. the t. gondii seroprevalence was 52% (38/73) in roe deer (capreolus capreolus), 0% in bred fallow deer (0/4) (dama dama) and red deer (0/7) (cervus elaphus). we found 2.7% of the roe deer samples and none of the bred deer samples positive for n. caninum. brain samples from wild roe deer, red deer and re ...201021236577
surgical technique, postoperative complications and outcome in 14 dogs treated for hydrocephalus by ventriculoperitoneal shunting.to report frequency and type of complications, and outcome in dogs with severe neurologic signs secondary to internal, suspected obstructive hydrocephalus treated by ventriculoperitoneal (vp) shunting.201121244441
identification of two novel coccidian species shed by california sea lions (zalophus californianus).abstract routine fecal examination revealed novel coccidian oocysts in asymptomatic californa sea lions (zalophus californianus) in a rehabilitation facility. coccidian oocysts were observed in fecal samples collected from 15 of 410 california sea lions admitted to the marine mammal center between april 2007 and october 2009. phylogenetic analysis using the full its-1 region, partial small subunit 18s rdna sequence and the apicomplexa rpob region identified 2 distinct sequence clades, referred ...201122091999
seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum infections in goats in poland.in 2007 a survey on herd-level seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum infections in goats in poland was carried out. sera were collected from all 49 breeding goat herds, scattered over the entire country, with the vast majority of them located in the western, central and northern provinces. only adult females (=12 months of age) were included in the study. a herd was recorded as infected if at least one seropositive female was detected. in each herd, simple random sampling was ...201121324599
immunoblot diagnosis of infection with neospora caninum in cattle based on recombinant ncsag4 antigen.the neospora caninum (n. caninum) ncsag4 gene was subcloned into a pet-28a (+) vector and successfully expressed in escherichia coli as inclusion body, and confirmed by sds-page and western blot using anti-his monoclonal antibody. the purified protein was then purified using ni-nta affinity chromatography column and recognized by positive serum from n. caninum-infected cattle. immunoblot (ib) method based on purified recombinant ncsag4 (rncsag4) antigen to detect antibodies against n. caninum in ...201121340564
in vitro invasion efficiency and intracellular proliferation rate comprise virulence-related phenotypic traits of neospora caninum.abstract: in this study, we examined the in vitro invasion and proliferation capacities of the nc-liv and ten spanish neospora caninum isolates (nc-spain 1 h - nc-spain 10). the invasion rate was determined as the number of tachyzoites that completed their internalisation into marc-145 cells at 2, 4, and 6 h post-inoculation (pi). the proliferation rate was evaluated by determining the doubling time during the exponential proliferation period. significant differences in the invasion rates of the ...201121345202
genetic mapping identifies novel highly protective antigens for an apicomplexan parasite.apicomplexan parasites are responsible for a myriad of diseases in humans and livestock; yet despite intensive effort, development of effective sub-unit vaccines remains a long-term goal. antigenic complexity and our inability to identify protective antigens from the pool that induce response are serious challenges in the development of new vaccines. using a combination of parasite genetics and selective barriers with population-based genetic fingerprinting, we have identified that immunity agai ...201121347348
quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction assays for the sensitive detection of besnoitia besnoiti infection in cattle.bovine besnoitiosis, an economically important disease in cattle in some countries of africa and asia, is emerging in europe. the definitive host of besnoitia besnoiti, the causative agent of bovine besnoitiosis, is unknown and the transmission of the parasite is not completely understood. sensitive and quantitative dna detection methods are needed to determine whether serologically positive animals are infectious and to examine the role of vectors (e.g. haematophagous insects) in the transmissi ...201121324596
selection of neospora caninum antigens stimulating bovine cd4+ve t cell responses through immuno-potency screening and proteomic approaches.abstract: neospora caninum is recognised worldwide as a major cause of bovine infectious abortion. there is a real need to develop effective strategies to control infection during pregnancy which may lead to either abortion or congenital transmission. due to the intracellular nature of the parasite, cell-mediated immune (cmi) responses involving cd4+ve, cd8+ve, tcr+ve t cells and nk cells, as well as production of ifn-gamma, are thought to be important for protective immunity. in this study we a ...201121813001
seroprevalence of various infectious agents in dogs with suspected acute canine polyradiculoneuritis.acute canine polyradiculoneuritis (acp) is considered to be an animal model of the acute axonal form of guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) in humans. various antecedent events have been associated with gbs, including bacterial or viral infection. the relationship between acp and previous infection requires additional attention.201121352374
a survey of neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii infection in urban rodents from brazil.abstract toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that infects humans and other warm blooded animals; it uses feral and domestic cats as the definitive hosts. neospora caninum is a protozoan parasite of animals whose life cycle is very similar to t. gondii, but uses canids as definitive hosts. small rodents play an important role in the life cycle of t. gondii and a few findings indicated that they may be natural intermediate hosts for n. caninum. the present study was aimed at identifying infe ...201121790367
recncmic3-1-r is a microneme- and rhoptry-based chimeric antigen that protects against acute neosporosis and limits cerebral parasite load in the mouse model for neospora caninum infection.in order to achieve host cell entry, the apicomplexan parasite neospora caninum relies on the contents of distinct organelles, named micronemes, rhoptries and dense granules, which are secreted at defined timepoints during and after host cell entry. it was shown previously that a vaccine composed of a mixture of three recombinant antigens, corresponding to the two microneme antigens ncmic1 and ncmic3 and the rhoptry protein ncrop2, prevented disease and limited cerebral infection and transplacen ...201121787824
comparative efficacy of immunization with inactivated whole tachyzoites versus a tachyzoite-bradyzoite mixture against neosporosis in mice.summarythe worldwide economic impact of neospora caninum infection has caused the development of effective vaccines to become one of the main goals in the field of neosporosis research. in this study, the protection conferred by antigens from inactivated whole tachyzoites (tz) and a tachyzoite-bradyzoite mixture (tz-bz) of n. caninum (nc-spain7 isolate) incorporated into a water-in-oil emulsion (w/o) and aluminium hydroxide-ginseng extract (al/g) was evaluated in mouse models of congenital and c ...201121810300
shedding of neospora caninum oocysts by dogs fed different tissues from naturally infected cattle.neospora caninum is one of the most important causes of abortion in dairy cattle worldwide. the distribution of n. caninum in tissues of adult cattle is unknown and the parasite has not been demonstrated histologically in tissues of cows. in the present study the distribution of n. caninum in different tissues of adult cattle was evaluated by bioassays in dogs. seventeen dogs (2-3 month-old) were fed different tissues of 4 naturally exposed adult cattle (indirect fluorescent antibody test n. can ...201121450407
the snsag merozoite surface antigens of sarcocystis neurona are expressed differentially during the bradyzoite and sporozoite life cycle stages.sarcocystis neurona is a two-host coccidian parasite whose complex life cycle progresses through multiple developmental stages differing at morphological and molecular levels. the s. neurona merozoite surface is covered by multiple, related glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked proteins, which are orthologous to the surface antigen (sag)/sag1-related sequence (srs) gene family of toxoplasma gondii. expression of the sag/srs proteins in t. gondii and another related parasite neospora caninum is lif ...201121775062
identification of the cross-reactive and species-specific antigens between neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites by a proteomics approach.the characterization of the cross-reactive and species-specific antigens of neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii is important in the exploration to determine the common mechanisms of parasite-host interaction and to improve the serological diagnosis; it is also useful for the selection of the cross-reactive antigens that could be used in the development of vaccines or drugs for controlling the diseases caused by these two parasites. in this study, cross-reactive and species-specific antigens b ...201121461729
[studies on the role of the red fox (vulpes vulpes) as a potential definitive host of neospora caninum].neospora (n.) caninum is a protozoan parasite which is regarded as a major cause of abortion in cattle. dogs and coyotes are definitive hosts of n. caninum which may shed environmentally resistant stages, oocysts, in their feces. epidemiological studies in germany showed that the presence of dogs increased the risk of a bovine herd to be n. caninum-positive in a bulk-milk elisa test. however, there were also n. caninum-positive herds where dogs were not kept together with cattle.this leads to th ...201121465771
serum response factor regulates immediate early host gene expression in toxoplasma gondii-infected host cells.toxoplasma gondii is a wide spread pathogen that can cause severe and even fatal disease in fetuses and immune-compromised hosts. as an obligate intracellular parasite, toxoplasma must alter the environment of its host cell in order to establish its replicative niche. this is accomplished, in part, by secretion of factors into the host cell that act to modulate processes such as transcription. previous studies demonstrated that genes encoding transcription factors such as c-jun, junb, egr1, and ...201121479245
identification of novel proteins in neospora caninum using an organelle purification and monoclonal antibody approach.neospora caninum is an important veterinary pathogen that causes abortion in cattle and neuromuscular disease in dogs. neospora has also generated substantial interest because it is an extremely close relative of the human pathogen toxoplasma gondii, yet does not appear to infect humans. while for toxoplasma there are a wide array of molecular tools and reagents available for experimental investigation, relatively few reagents exist for neospora. to investigate the unique biological features of ...201121483743
emergence of bovine ehrlichiosis in belgian cattle herds.bovine ehrlichiosis is a tick-borne rickettsial disease caused by anaplasma phagocytophilum. the disease can also be transmitted to humans. outbreaks in cattle have been described in many european countries. in belgium, infections caused by a. phagocytophilum have been reported in humans and dogs; however, this paper details the first report of ehrlichiosis in cattle herds in belgium. the first case described was in a dairy herd located in eastern belgium. clinical signs included hyperthermia, p ...201121771546
Molecular pathology, taxonomy and epidemiology of Besnoitia species (Protozoa: Sarcocystidae).Until recently, besnoitiosis has been a neglected disease of domestic animals. Now, a geographic expansion of the causing protozoan parasite Besnoitia besnoiti in livestock has been recognized and the disease in cattle is considered emerging in Europe. Bovine besnoitiosis leads to significant economic losses by a decline in milk production, sterility, transient or permanent infertility of bulls, skin lesions and increase of mortality in affected cattle population. Phylogenetically, the Besnoitia ...201121906696
a study of some infectious causes of reproductive disorders in cattle owned by resource-poor farmers in gauteng province, south africa.two hundred and thirty-nine cattle from gauteng province in south africa were tested for various pathogens causing reproductive diseases includingbovine viral diarrhoea/mucosal disease (bvd/md) virus, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis/infectious pustular vulvovaginitis (ibr/ipv) virus, neospora caninum and brucella abortus usingvarious tests. for bvd/md virus, 49.37% tested positive, 74.47% for ibr/ipv virus, 8.96% for neospora caninum and 3.8% for brucella abortus. the result for brucella abort ...201122616434
seroprevalence of neospora caninum infection on dairy cattle in farms from southern romania.abstract neospora caninum, a coccidian parasite closely related to toxoplasma gondii, is one of the major causes of abortion in cattle worldwide. conventional serological techniques, such as indirect fluorescent antibody test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), are routinely used in adult animals and aborted fetuses for the detection of anti-n. caninum antibodies. in romania, infection with n. caninum in cattle has been reported recently, but only in limited areas from the north and ...201121955278
seroprevalence of neospora caninum infection in dairy cattle in tabriz, northwest iran.the aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of antibody to neospora caninum in healthy and aborted dairy cattle in tabriz, capital of east-azarbaijan in northwest of iran.201122347319
neospora caninum and leishmania infantum co-infection in domestic dogs (canis familiaris) in meshkin-shahr district, northwestern iran.mediterranean visceral leishmaniasis (mvl) is an infectious disease that affects both human and animals. domestic dogs (canis familiaris) are principal reservoir hosts of mvl caused by leishmania infantum. dogs are definitive hosts for neospora caninum and a risk factor for infecting intermediate hosts. the immunosuppression caused by visceral leishmaniasis (vl) can promote the occurrence of co-infections with other agents such as neosporosis. this study aimed to determine the frequency of co-in ...201122808419
neospora caninum: comparative gene expression profiling of neospora caninum wild type and a temperature sensitive clone.to understand the genetic basis of virulence, gene expression profiles of a temperature-sensitive clone (ncts-8, relatively avirulent) and its wild type (nc-1) of neospora caninum were characterized and compared using a high-density microarray with approximately 63,000 distinct oligonucleotides. this microarray consists of 5692 unique n. caninum sequences, including 1980 tentative consensus sequences and 3712 singleton ests from the tigr n. caninum gene index (ncgi, release 5.0). each sequence w ...201121963790
neospora caninum in bovine fetuses of minas gerais, brazil: genetic characteristics of rdna.neosporosis is an important cause of abortion in cattle and information on their genetics and host parasite relationships are desirable. neospora caninum samples obtained from 24 bovine fetuses from minas gerais, were genetically analyzed in part of the rdna region, coding for rrnas. previously, brain, heart, liver, skeletal muscle, lung, kidney, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, ovary or testis, uterus and skin of the ear were analyzed by conventional histopathology and immunohistochemistry. of thes ...201122166381
occurrence of anti-neospora caninum and anti-toxoplasma gondii igg antibodies in goats and sheep in western maranhão, brazil.neosporosis and toxoplasmosis are parasitic diseases which can cause reproductive problems in goats and sheep. the current study aimed to determine the occurrence of anti-neospora caninum and anti-toxoplasma gondii igg antibodies in goats and sheep from the districts of amarante do maranhão and buritirana, imperatriz microregion, western area of maranhão state, northeastern brazil, and to assess factors associated to infection by these etiologic agents. blood samples from 110 animals (46 goats a ...201122166386
Identification of a gene cluster for cell-surface genes of the SRS superfamily in Neospora caninum and characterization of the novel SRS9 gene.SUMMARYHere we present the detection of a gene cluster for Neospora caninum surface genes, similar to the Toxoplasma gondii SRS9 locus, and the cloning and characterization of the NcSRS9 gene. PCR genome walking, using NcBSR4 gene as a framework, allows the identification, upstream NcBSR4, of 2 sequences homologous to the SRS5 and the Ubiquinol-cytochrome C reductase genes and, downstream NcBSR4, of an ORF of 1191 bp coding for a 396-amino acid polypeptide with 59% similarity to the TgSRS9 antig ...201121939586
sero-prevalence of neospora caninum and besnoitia besnoiti in south australian beef and dairy cattle.a serological survey for neospora caninum and besnoitia besnoiti was carried out in beef and dairy cattle in south australia. serum samples of dairy cattle (n=133) from 9 properties and tank milk samples from a further 122 dairy herds were tested. an additional 810 sera from beef cattle from 51 properties were also tested. testing at the individual animal level by idexx neospora x2 ab test elisa revealed a low prevalence of n. caninum antibodies of only 2.7% (95% ci; 1.6-3.7%) sera positive, as ...201122138306
Potential involvement of Neospora caninum in naturally occurring ovine abortions in New Zealand.Neospora caninum is an obligate intracellular parasite and is recognised as the leading cause of bovine abortion worldwide. Natural infection with N. caninum has been described in sheep but it has generally not been regarded as a significant cause of abortion. Recently, there have been several New Zealand cases of foetal abortions where N. caninum was detected which strongly suggested the involvement of Neospora in these abortions. However, there is minimal information about the prevalence of N. ...201122112976
neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii in brain tissue of feral rodents and insectivores caught on farms in the netherlands.we investigated the presence of both neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii in 250 brain tissue samples from 9 species of feral rodents and insectivores caught on 10 organic farms in the netherlands in 2004. collected samples were conserved in 4% paraformaldehyde solution and analysed by real-time pcr. for n. caninum, 31 samples originating from 6 species tested positive (12.4%): common shrews (33.3%), wood mice (17.6%), harvest mice (16.7%), house mice (15.4%), white-toothed shrews (10.8%) and ...201121958437
prevalence and risk factors of giardia duodenalis in dogs from romania.the protozoan giardia duodenalis is a mammalian-infecting parasite that produces diarrhoea and malabsorption in its hosts. a survey to investigate canine infections with g. duodenalis in romania was undertaken between june 2008 and december 2009. the objectives of the study were to (i) estimate the prevalence of infection in different dog populations (kennels, shelters, shepherd, household) using microscopy and a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) test kit; (ii) to ...201121899952
neospora caninum: in vivo and in vitro treatment with artemisone.neosporosis caused by neospora caninum has global economic, clinical, and epidemiological impacts, mainly in the cattle industry. currently, there is no useful drug for treatment of neosporosis. this publication is the first to describe the significant benefits that artemisone has on neospora infections both in vitro and in vivo. artemisone is a new semi-synthetic 10-alkylamino artemisinin that is superior to other artemisinin derivatives in terms of its significantly higher antimalarial activit ...201122260899
experimental inoculation of neospora caninum in pregnant water buffalo.the aim of this study was to characterize the pathogenesis of neospora caninum in experimentally inoculated pregnant water buffalo (bubalus bubalis). twelve mediterranean female water buffaloes ranging in age from 4 to 14 years old and seronegative to n. caninum by indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat) were involved. ten females were intravenously inoculated with 10(8) tachyzoites of nc-1 strain at 70 (n=3) or 90 (n=7) days of pregnancy (dp). two control animals were inoculated with placebo ...201122244534
oocysts and high seroprevalence of neospora caninum in dogs living in remote aboriginal communities and wild dogs in australia.canines are definitive hosts of neospora caninum (apicomplexa). for horizontal transmission from canines to occur, viable oocysts of n. caninum must occur in the environment of susceptible intermediate hosts. canids in australia include wild dogs and aboriginal community dogs. wild dogs are those dogs that are not dependent on humans for survival and consist of the dingo, feral domestic dog and their hybrid genotypes. aboriginal community dogs are dependent on humans, domesticated and owned by a ...201122245069
vaccines against a major cause of abortion in cattle, neospora caninum infection.neosporosis, caused by the apicomplexan parasite neospora caninum, represents one of the economically most important causes of abortion in cattle. during pregnancy, the parasite infects the placental tissue and the fetus, which can lead to stillbirth, abortion, or birth of weak calves. alternatively, calves are born without clinical symptoms, but they can carry over the parasite to the next generation. in addition, n. caninum causes neuromuscular disease in dogs. the economic importance of neosp ...201126486502
granulomatous meningoencephalitis due to toxoplasma gondii in a black-headed night monkey (aotus nigriceps).this report describes toxoplasmosis infection in a black-headed night monkey (aotus nigriceps) from the zoological park of the federal university of mato grosso, brazil. the animal was submitted alive to the veterinary hospital of the federal university of mato grosso presenting neurologic clinical signs. there were no improvements on the animal's clinical condition after treatment, so it was euthanized. at necropsy, the most significant gross lesions observed were hemorrhages diffusely scattere ...201122946380
implications of wild dog ecology on the sylvatic and domestic life cycle of neospora caninum in australia.neospora caninum is transmitted either transplacentally or horizontally by ingestion of tissue cysts present in tissues or oocysts shed by dogs. neosporosis is a significant disease, causing cattle abortion at 5-7 months of pregnancy. infected cows may remain infective for life transmitting the infection in several consecutive or non-consecutive pregnancies. a great deal is known about the epidemiology of neosporosis, although only limited information is available on the main routes of horizonta ...201120400345
peripheral white blood cell counts throughout pregnancy in non-aborting neospora caninum-seronegative and seropositive high-producing dairy cows in a holstein friesian herd.pregnancy is characterized by transient changes in the maternal immune system, also evident at peripheral level. the present study analyzes the kinetics and possible factors affecting peripheral white blood cell populations throughout pregnancy in a herd of high-producing dairy cows chronically infected or not with neospora caninum. we examined 54 pregnant parous cows: 29 neospora-seronegative and 25 neospora-seropositive cows. blood samples were collected on days 90, 120, 150, 180 and 210 of ge ...201120801467
vaccination of mice with chitosan nanogel-associated recombinant ncpdi against challenge infection with neospora caninum tachyzoites.the effects of nanogel encapsulation of recombinant ncpdi (recncpdi) following vaccination of mice by intranasal or intraperitoneal routes and challenge infection with neospora caninum tachyzoites were investigated. nanogels were chitosan based, with an alginate or alginate-mannose surface. none of the mice receiving recncpdi intraperitoneal (i.p.) (without nanogels) survived, whereas intranasal (i.n.) application protected 9 of 10 mice from disease. association of recncpdi with nanogels improve ...201121226721
validation of an elisa method for the serological diagnosis of canine brucellosis due to brucella canis.in the present study, the validation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for serodiagnosis of canine brucellosis is described. two different antigenic extracts, obtained by heat or ultrasonic homogenization of microbial antigens from a wild isolate of brucella canis bacteria, were compared by elisa and western blot (wb). a total of 145 canine sera were used to define sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the elisa as follows: (1) sera from 34 animals with natural b. canis infectio ...201120692004
serological response of cats to experimental besnoitia darlingi and besnoitia neotomofelis infections and prevalence of antibodies to these parasites in cats from virginia and pennsylvania.abstract besnoitia darlingi and besnoitia neotomofelis are cyst-forming tissue apicomplexan parasites that use domestic cats ( felis domesticus ) as definitive hosts and opossums ( didelphis virginiana ) and southern plains woodrats ( neotoma micropus ) as intermediate hosts, respectively. nothing is known about the prevalence of b. darlingi or b. neotomofelis in cats from the united states. besnoitia darlingi infections have been reported in naturally infected opossums from many states in the u ...201121506782
seroprevalence of neospora caninum and brucella abortus among dairy cattle herds with high abortion rates.abstract the protozoon neospora caninum and the bacterium brucella abortus are well recognized abortifacients in dairy cattle. serum samples (n = 240) from aborting (n = 141) and at risk (n = 99) animals from 5 herds with high abortion rates in punjab province, pakistan were tested for antibodies to n. caninum using monoclonal antibody based competitive elisa and to b. abortus using the serum agglutination test. antibodies to n. caninum and b. abortus were detected in 105 (43.8 %) and 135 (56.3% ...201121506829
seroprevalence of neospora caninum in dairy buffaloes in lahore district, pakistan.abstract seroprevalence of neospora caninum in dairy buffaloes ( bubalus bubalis ) was assessed in the lahore district of punjab province, pakistan. the study revealed an overall prevalence of 54.7% for n. caninum antibodies determined through a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay performed on randomly collected serum samples. the highest prevalence was observed in buffaloes >3-5 yr of age (64.1%), followed by 57.9% for 5 to 6 yr olds, and 55.8% in 1-yr-old neonates, with high probabil ...201121506867
coxiella burnetii seropositivity is highly stable throughout gestation in lactating high-producing dairy cows.the aims of this study were to analyse, in high-producing dairy cows, plasma coxiella burnetii antibody titres and seroconversion throughout gestation, along with possible factors affecting such titres. the study was performed on 65 lactating pregnant non-aborting animals in a commercial holstein-friesian dairy herd in northeastern spain. blood samples for antibody determinations were collected on days 40, 90, 120, 150, 180 and 210 of gestation. by general linear model (glm) repeated measures an ...201121507080
dna barcoding identifies eimeria species and contributes to the phylogenetics of coccidian parasites (eimeriorina, apicomplexa, alveolata).partial (∼780bp) mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit i (coi) and near complete nuclear 18s rdna (∼1,780bp) sequences were directly compared to assess their relative usefulness as markers for species identification and phylogenetic analysis of coccidian parasites (phylum apicomplexa). fifteen new coi partial sequences were obtained using two pairs of new primers from rigorously characterised (sensu reid and long, 1979) laboratory strains of seven eimeria spp. infecting chickens as well as ...201121515277
seroepidemiology of toxoplasma gondii, neospora caninum, and leishmania spp. infections and risk factors for cats from brazil.the seroprevalence of infection by toxoplasma gondii, neospora caninum, and leishmania spp. was detected through an indirect immunofluorescence in 70 cats from the andradina municipality, são paulo state, brazil. anti-t. gondii antibodies (titer >64) were detected in 15.7% (11/70) of animals, whereas positivity for n. caninum (titer 16) was not observed in any animal. of the cats from urban and rural areas, 10.4% (5/48) and 27.2% (6/22) were positive for t. gondii, respectively. breed, age, food ...201121626423
extensive production of neospora caninum tissue cysts in a carnivorous marsupial succumbing to experimental neosporosis.abstract: experimental infections of sminthopsis crassicaudata, the fat-tailed dunnart, a carnivorous marsupial widely distributed throughout the arid and semi-arid zones of australia, show that this species can act as an intermediate host for neospora caninum. in contrast to existing models that develop relatively few n. caninum cysts, dunnarts offer a new animal model where active neosporosis is dominated by tissue cyst production. the results provide evidence for a sylvatic life cycle of n. c ...201121635733
gray wolf (canis lupus) is a natural definitive host for neospora caninum.the gray wolf (canis lupus) was found to be a new natural definitive host for neospora caninum. neospora-like oocysts were found microscopically in the feces of three of 73 wolves from minnesota examined at necropsy. n. caninum-specific dna was amplified from the oocysts of all three wolves. oocysts from one wolf were infective for the gamma interferon gene knock out (ko) mice. viable n. caninum (designated ncwolfus1) was isolated in cell cultures seeded with tissue homogenate from the infected ...201121640485
high seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum in the common raven (corvus corax) in the northeast of spain.in recent years, multiple cases of aggressive behavior of common ravens (corvus corax) have been reported by farmers in catalonia (ne spain), including attacking of newborn animals and consumption of dead foetuses. in the present study, seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum was determined from 113 legally trapped and released common ravens. t. gondii antibodies were found in 91 (80.5%; ci 95%:72-87) of 113 sera tested by the modified agglutination test. antibodies to n. caninu ...201121645913
prevalence and co-infection of toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum in apodemus sylvaticus in an area relatively free of cats.summarythe protozoan parasite toxoplasma gondii is prevalent worldwide and can infect a remarkably wide range of hosts despite felids being the only definitive host. as cats play a major role in transmission to secondary mammalian hosts, the interaction between cats and these hosts should be a major factor determining final prevalence in the secondary host. this study investigates the prevalence of t. gondii in a natural population of apodemus sylvaticus collected from an area with low cat densi ...201121756421
experimental treatment of neospora caninum-infected mice with the arylimidamide db750 and the thiazolide nitazoxanide.the cationic arylimidamide db750 and the thiazolide nitazoxanide had been shown earlier to be effective against neospora caninum tachyzoites in vitro with an ic(50) of 160nm and 4.23µm, respectively. in this study, we have investigated the effects of db750 and nitazoxanide treatments of experimentally infected balb/c mice, by applying the drugs either through the oral or the intraperitoneal route. in experiment 1, administration of db750 (2mg/kg/day) and nitazoxanide (150mg/kg/day) started alrea ...201121803039
anti-neospora caninum antibodies in milk in relation to production losses in dairy cattle.a comprehensive field study was carried out with the following objectives: (a) to assess the usefulness of individual and bulk tank milk analysis for determining neospora caninum serostatus in individual cows and herds, and (b) to study the associations between n. caninum infection status (based on milk testing), and several productive and reproductive parameters in the animals. antibodies were detected with a commercially available elisa test (bio k 192/5). analysis of paired serum and milk sam ...201121645937
results of parasitological examinations of faecal samples from cats and dogs in germany between 2003 and 2010.in a retrospective study, the results of parasitological examinations of faecal samples from 8,560 cats and 24,677 dogs between january 2003 and december 2010 in germany were analysed. 30.4 % of the examined dogs and 22.8 % of the cats were infected with endoparasites. the examination of the faecal samples from dogs revealed stages of giardia spp. (18.6 %), toxocara canis (6.1 %), toxascaris leonina (0.6 %), ancylostomatidae (2.2 %), trichuris vulpis (1.2 %), capillaria spp. (1.3 %), crenosoma v ...201121739375
seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum in slaughtered pigs in the czech republic.summaryin the czech republic, sera from 551 clinically healthy adult slaughtered pigs (females, 6-8 months old) were collected during the first half of june in 2010. sera were tested for toxoplasma gondii-specific igg antibodies by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; samples with more than 50% s/p were considered as positive. the same samples were also analysed for neospora caninum antibodies using a commercial competitive-inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; samples with more than 30 ...201121819636
prevalence of neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii antibodies in sera from camels (camelus dromedarius) in riyadh province, saudi arabia.from april to december 2010, blood samples were collected from 412 healthy camels in riyadh province, saudi arabia and used to evaluate serological screening for neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii infection by an indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat). of the 412 camels, antibodies to n. caninum were found in sixteen in titers of 1:20 and in seven in titers of 1:40 using whole n. caninum tachyzoites as ifat slide (vmrd inc., pullman, wa 99163, usa). antibodies to t. gondii were found in n ...201121980764
neosporosis in a captive parma wallaby (macropus parma).infection with neospora caninum has been diagnosed in a variety of animal species; however, reports in marsupials are rare. a captive parma wallaby (macropus parma) died suddenly and was subjected to necropsy examination. the main finding was necrotizing myocarditis associated with protozoan parasites. the protozoa were identified as n. caninum by use of immunohistochemistry and partial gene sequence analysis. neospora and toxoplasma should be considered a possible cause of disease in captive ma ...201121689827
seroprevalence of neospora caninum in free-range chickens (gallus domesticus) from the americas.neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii are biologically and morphologically similar coccidians with canids as definitive hosts for n. caninum and felids for t. gondii. feral chickens have been used as indicators of soil contamination with t. gondii oocysts because they feed from ground. in the present study we studied seroprevalence of n. caninum in free range chickens from different countries in america as an indicator of soil contamination due to n. caninum oocysts. antibodies to n. caninum we ...201121676546
cytokine gene expression at the materno-foetal interface after experimental neospora caninum infection of heifers at 110ôçâdays of gestation.neospora caninum is a major cause of abortion in cattle, but the reasons why only some animals abort remain unclear. the immunological control of the parasite in the placenta or by the foetus could be the key to determining the mechanism of abortion and/or transplacental transmission to the foetus. in this study, cytokine gene expression, analysed by real-time rt-pcr, at the maternal (caruncle) and foetal placenta (cotyledon) of heifers infected at 110ôçâdays of gestation by intravenous inoculat ...201121711362
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