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neospora caninum: early immune response of rat mixed glial cultures after tachyzoites infection.neospora caninum causes neurologic disease in dogs and abortion in cattle. little is known about the immune response of the cns against this protozoan. the aim of this study was to evaluate production of il-6, il-10, tnf-alpha, ifn-gamma, and no in rat mixed glial cell cultures infected by n. caninum. ifn-gamma was not observed. the mean cytokine released after 24 and 72 h of infection were 3.8+/-0.6 and 3.7+/-0.6 pg tnf-alpha/mg protein and 2.7+/-0.69 and 4.1+/-0.64 pg il-10/mg protein, respect ...201020045699
recognition by toll-like receptor 2 induces antigen-presenting cell activation and th1 programming during infection by neospora caninum.neospora caninum is an apicomplexan parasite responsible for major economic losses due to abortions in cattle. toll-like receptors (tlrs) sense specific microbial products and direct downstream signaling pathways in immune cells, linking innate, and adaptive immunity. here, we analyze the role of tlr2 on innate and adaptive immune responses during n. caninum infection. inflammatory peritoneal macrophages and bone marrow-derived dendritic cells exposed to n. caninum-soluble antigens presented an ...201020404835
influence of neospora caninum intra-specific variability in the outcome of infection in a pregnant balb/c mouse model.previous assays in pregnant animals have demonstrated the effect of different host factors and timing of infection on the outcome of neosporosis during pregnancy. however, the influence of neospora caninum isolate itself has been poorly investigated. here, we compared the effects on clinical outcome and vertical transmission observed in a pregnant mouse model following infection with 10 different n. caninum isolates. the isolates in our study included the nc-liv isolate and nine n. caninum isola ...201020416260
neospora caninum and coxiella burnetii seropositivity are related to endocrine pattern changes during gestation in lactating dairy cows.q fever is a zoonotic infection caused by coxiella burnetii that is endemic worldwide. domestic ruminants are a source of infection for humans. given the suggestion that the bacterium recrudesces during pregnancy in cattle, this study was designed to determine whether c. burnetii infection affects hormonal patterns, such as progesterone, cortisol, pregnancy associated glycoproteins (pag), and prolactin during gestation in lactating cows. possible interactions with neospora caninum were also expl ...201020416940
comparative analysis of stage specific gene regulation of apicomplexan parasites: plasmodium falciparum and toxoplasma gondii.apicomplexans comprise some of the most life threatening parasites infecting human and livestock and includes plasmodium and toxoplasma, the causative agents of malaria and toxoplasmosis respectively, in humans as well as neospora caninum (abortion in livestock, neosporosis in dogs), cryptosporidium (diarrheal cryptosporidiosis and opportunistic infections in aids patients) and eimeria (poultry coccidiosis). these parasites are characterized by a complex life cycle usually alternating between se ...201020429866
development of an indirect elisa test using an affinity purified surface antigen (p38) for sero-diagnosis of canine neospora caninum infection.neospora caninum is an intracellular protozoan that infects domestic and wild canids, as well as many warm blooded animals as shown by the isolation of viable parasites and the detection of parasite dna in naturally infected hosts. n. caninum is described as a cause of neuromuscular disease and death in dogs. the dog is also known as a definitive host, shedding oocysts involved in the transmission of the infection to intermediate hosts. this study was conducted to develop an indirect elisa test ...201020434268
molecular characterization of neospora caninum mag1, a dense granule protein secreted into the parasitophorous vacuole, and associated with the cyst wall and the cyst matrix.summary: in neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii, the parasitophorous vacuole (pv) is synthesized at the time of infection. during tachyzoite-to-bradyzoite stage conversion, the pv is later transformed into a tissue cyst that allows parasites to survive in their host for extended periods of time. we report on the characterization of ncmag1, the n. caninum orthologue of t. gondii mag1 (matrix antigen 1; tgmag1). the 456 amino acid predicted ncmag1 protein is 54% identical to tgmag1. by immunobl ...201020444303
occurrence of antibodies anti-neospora caninum, anti-toxoplasma gondii, and anti-leishmania chagasi in serum of dogs from pará state, amazon, brazil.a cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the occurrence of anti-toxoplasma gondii, anti-neospora caninum, and anti- leishmania chagasi antibodies in dogs of the state of pará, brazil. for this purpose, 129 blood samples were collected from dogs of different ages and gender. samples of 72 dogs were collected from 39 rural properties from 19 municipalities, and 57 samples were from stray dogs, collected after captivity by the center of zoonosis control from the municipality of santarém. ...201020445991
roles of cd122+ cells in resistance against neospora caninum infection in a murine model.innate cells, such as natural killer (nk) cells and nkt cells, play essential roles as primary effector cells at the interface between the host and parasite until establishment of adaptive immunity. however, the roles of nk and nkt cells in defense against neospora caninum have not been well clarified. nk and nkt cells were depleted by the treatment with an anti-cd122 (interleukin-2 receptor beta chain) monoclonal antibody (mab, tm-β1) in vivo. the parasite burden in the brain of mice was promot ...201020460838
detection of neospora caninum dna in capybaras and phylogenetic analysis.the role of rodents in the sylvatic cycle of neospora sp. and in the neosporosis epidemiology is still uncertain. the aim of the present work was to detect neospora caninum and to determine its prevalence in capybaras (hydrochaeris hydrochaeris), to help elucidate the role of this rodent in the life cycle of the parasite. n.caninum dna was detected by pcr using 4 different sets of primers specific to the nc5 and its1 sequences. the parasite was found in the lymph nodes, heart, liver, and blood o ...201020470895
detection of toxoplasma gondii, neospora caninum, and encephalitozoon cuniculi in the brains of common voles (microtus arvalis) and water voles (arvicola terrestris) by gene amplification techniques in western austria (vorarlberg).knowledge about the protozoan parasite fauna in voles (arvicolinae) in austria is rather limited, although some of these pathogens play an important role in human medicine and cause zoonoses (e.g., toxoplasma gondii and encephalitozoon cuniculi). others are of relevance in veterinary medicine and have a negative economic impact (e.g., neospora caninum). two hundred sixty-eight common voles (microtus arvalis) and 86 water voles (arvicola terrestris) from the most western austrian province, vorarl ...201020480373
neospora spp. and toxoplasma gondii antibodies in horses in the czech republic.during january 2007, blood samples were collected from 552 healthy horses from nine different regions of the czech republic. sera were tested for serum antibodies to neospora caninum by a competitive-inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and confirmed by an indirect fluorescent antibody test. the same samples were tested for serum antibodies against toxoplasma gondii by a latex agglutination test. in total, 131 of 552 (24%) horses reacted positively for neospora antibodies in competitive- ...201020532561
neospora caninum: in vitro culture of tachyzoites in mcf-7 human breast carcinoma cells.the development of neospora caninum tachyzoites, an apicomplexan protozoan parasite, was studied in vitro using the human breast carcinoma cell 7 (mcf-7) as the host cell line. the extracellular nc-1 tachyzoites in mcf-7 cells were observed and counted daily for 6 consecutive days post-infection to establish the growth curve. the intracellular parasites were observed by acridine orange staining using laser scanning confocal microscope. the results indicated that nc-1 tachyzoites invaded mcf-7 ce ...201020566363
microsatellite typing and avidity analysis suggest a common source of infection in herds with epidemic neospora caninum-associated bovine abortion.neosporosis is an important cause of reproductive failure in cattle worldwide. two different abortion patterns associated with neospora caninum infection have been observed in cattle herds: endemic and epidemic abortion outbreaks. the endemic pattern is characterized by an abortion problem in a herd persisting for several months or years, and is assumed to be caused by reactivation of a chronic infection. in epidemic outbreaks, abortions concentrate within a short period of time, most likely due ...201020609521
seroprevalence of neospora caninum in gray wolves in scandinavia.transmission of the protozoan parasite neospora caninum between wild and domestic animals has gained some interest during recent years. because of the close relationship between gray wolf (canis lupus) and dog it has been suggested that gray wolf is a definitive host for the parasite. the aim of this study was to estimate the seroprevalence of n. caninum in scandinavian gray wolves and to investigate any geographical patterns of the infection. the investigation was based on blood samples collect ...201020609524
prevalence of anti-toxoplasma gondii and anti-neospora caninum antibodies in swine from northeastern brazil.a serologic survey was conducted among 130 swine slaughtered in the public slaughterhouse of the city of patos, paraíba state, northeastern brazil, to determine the prevalence of anti-toxoplasma gondii and anti-neospora caninum antibodies, and to verify possible associations between sex of the animals and antibody prevalence. the sera were analyzed by indirect antibody tests, considering 1:64 (t. gondii) and 1:50 (n. caninum) dilutions as cut-off points. the prevalence of anti-t. gondii antibodi ...201020624342
association between seropositivity for neospora caninum and reproductive performance of beef heifers in the pantanal of mato grosso do sul, brazil.neospora caninum is an obligate intracellular parasite that can infect domestic and wild canids, ruminants, and horses. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between the presence of antibodies to n. caninum and reproductive loss in beef heifers in the south pantanal region of mato grosso, brazil. a total of 1098 heifers were evaluated from breeding to calving with regard to reproductive performance, and serology for neosporosis was assayed by indirect immunofluorescence react ...201020624350
association between neospora caninum seropositivity and perinatal mortality in dairy heifers at first calving.associations between neospora caninum infection and the reproductive performance of dairy heifers in their first and second pregnancy on 18 uk farms were examined. six-month-old heifer calves were tested for n caninum-specific antibodies with a commercial elisa, and were then monitored until their second calving. random-effects regression analyses were performed on the data, using serological status as the explanatory variable. of 460 heifers tested, 7.2 per cent were seropositive. seropositive ...201020643884
abortions in bovines and neospora caninum transmission in an embryo transfer center.neosporosis is considered to be one of the main causes of abortions in bovines. in this study we evaluated the congenital transmission and occurrence of abortions by neospora caninum in an embryo transfer center in neropolis, goiás. serological samples from 101 recipients, 61 donors, and 90 calves were analyzed. among these animals, 32.67% of the recipients, 22.22% of the donors, and 6.66% of the calves were positive for n. caninum. the rate of vertical transmission was 24%. there was a statisti ...201020655663
rng1 is a late marker of the apical polar ring in toxoplasma gondii.the asexually proliferating stages of apicomplexan parasites cause acute symptoms of diseases such as malaria, cryptosporidiosis and toxoplasmosis. these stages are characterized by the presence of two independent microtubule organizing centers (mtocs). centrioles are found at the poles of the intranuclear spindle. the apical polar ring (apr), a mtoc unique to apicomplexans, organizes subpellicular microtubules which impose cell shape and apical polarity on these protozoa. here we describe the c ...201020658557
neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii antibody prevalence in alaska wildlife.free-ranging caribou and moose populations in some regions of alaska undergo periodic declines in numbers. caribou and moose are managed by the state as valuable resources for not only sustenance and subsistence, but also for cultural heritage. incidence and prevalence of diseases that may impact herd health and recruitment from year to year are relevant to management decisions aimed to protect the long-term viability of these herds. neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii are two apicomplexan pa ...201020688628
kennel dogs as sentinels of leishmania infantum, toxoplasma gondii, and neospora caninum in majorca island, spain.kennel dogs can serve as sentinels and/or reservoirs of diseases of veterinary and zoonotic interest because they have often roamed free and lived outdoors, thus being exposed to pathogens. we tested dogs from the kennel of inca (majorca/mallorca, balearic islands, spain) for evidence of infection with three protozoan parasites: leishmania infantum, toxoplasma gondii, and neospora caninum. exposure to l. infantum was found in 56.3% of 48 dogs (37.5% by western blot, 43.8% by pcr). only 30% of in ...201020689966
neosporosis in an aborted southern white rhinoceros (ceratotherium simum simum) fetus.in december 2008, a southern white rhinoceros (ãsimum simum) aborted a 7-mo gestation male fetus. on hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections of fetal tissues, foci of necrosis were noted in the hepatic parenchyma and were associated with low numbers of lymphocytes, plasma cells, and neutrophils. protozoal zoites were identified within the hepatic lesions and within the cerebellum. evaluations utilizing immunohistochemistry, polymerase chain reaction, and dna sequencing identified the protozoan as ...201021370658
serological profile of toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum infection in commercial sheep from são paulo state, brazil.neosporosis and toxoplasmosis are two important infections in young and adult sheep, leading to low production and abortion. this study aimed to determine the frequency of antibodies to toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum in sheep from the eastern region of são paulo state, brazil. serum samples (382) were collected from the sheep and assayed for t. gondii through modified agglutination test (mat) and indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat), and for n. caninum antibodies, through ifat, with ...201021256676
prevalence of antibodies against toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum in moose (alces alces) and roe deer (capreolus capreolus) in sweden.toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum are two coccidian parasites with a worldwide distribution. t. gondii is one of the more common parasitic zoonoses in the world and in young children and immunocompromised persons, infection can lead to severe disease and death. n. caninum is an important cause of abortions in cattle. wildlife have been identified as reservoirs and transmitters for both parasites. the purpose of this study was to investigate the seroprevalences of t. gondii, and n. caninum i ...201021232869
toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum in wildlife: common parasites in belgian foxes and cervidae?sera from cervidae were tested for the presence of antibodies against neospora caninum using elisa; and against toxoplasma gondii using sag1-elisa and a commercially available agglutination test. the t. gondii seroprevalence was 52% (38/73) in roe deer (capreolus capreolus), 0% in bred fallow deer (0/4) (dama dama) and red deer (0/7) (cervus elaphus). we found 2.7% of the roe deer samples and none of the bred deer samples positive for n. caninum. brain samples from wild roe deer, red deer and re ...201021236577
viability of sporulated oocysts of neospora caninum after exposure to different physical and chemical treatments.the aim of the present study was to evaluate the viability of neospora caninum sporulated oocysts after various chemical and physical treatments. bioassays in gerbils and molecular techniques (pcr-rflp) were used for identification of the oocysts shed by experimentally infected dogs. sporulated oocysts were purified and divided into 11 treatment groups as follows: absolute ethanol for 1 hr; 20 c for 6 hr; 4 c for 6 hr; 60 c for 1 min; 100 c for 1 min; 10% formaldehyde for 1 hr; 10% ammonia for 1 ...201021348620
seroprevalence of neospora caninum infection in dairy cattle of southern china.a seroepidemiological survey of neospora caninum infection in dairy cattle was carried out in china's southern guangdong province between july 2009 and march 2010. a total of 370 serum samples of dairy cattle was collected from 5 farms and examined for antibodies to n. caninum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. the overall seroprevalence of n. caninum in dairy cattle was 18.9% (70/370). the seroprevalence of n. caninum in aborting cows (22.7%) was higher than that in nonaborting cows (16.3%), ...201021348632
toxoplasmosis and other intestinal coccidial infections in cats and dogs.toxoplasma gondii and related coccidians are intracellular protozoan parasites. coccidia are obligate intracellular parasites normally found in the intestinal tract. virtually all warm blooded animals, including humans are commonly infected with coccidians. this article reviews the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of infections in cats and dogs related to isospora spp, toxoplasma gondii, and neospora caninum. much remains to be learned concerning the pathogenesis of clinical coccidiosis.200919932360
fecal and molecular survey of neospora caninum in farm and household dogs in mashhad area, khorasan province, iran.neospora caninum is an important cause of abortion in dairy cattle worldwide. dog is the definitive host for n. caninum and can infect dairy cattle. the aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of neospora oocysts in feces of dogs from dairy farms. a total of 174 fecal samples was collected from 89 farm dogs and 85 household dogs during 2006 and 2008. fecal samples of dogs were microscopically examined for detecting hammondia neospora-like oocysts (hnlo) by mini parasep sf fecal parasite ...200919967094
endogenous and exogenous transplacental transmission of neospora caninum - how the route of transmission impacts on epidemiology and control of disease.vertical transmission of the protozoan parasite, neospora caninum is highly efficient and can take two forms - endogenous transplacental transmission resulting from activation of the quiescent bradyzoite stage during pregnancy or exogenous transplacental transmission resulting from ingestion of oocysts during pregnancy. calves born carrying infection derived from either endogenous or exogenous transplacental transmission are capable of infecting their offspring when they start to breed. this rev ...200919691862
seroprevalence and spatial distribution of neospora caninum in a population of beef cattle.a cross-sectional serological survey for neospora caninum was carried out in swedish beef cattle in order to estimate the seroprevalence and investigate any geographical patterns of the infection. blood samples were collected from 2754 animals in 2130 herds and analysed for presence of antibodies to n. caninum. the study included 18.5% of all swedish beef herds. spatial autocorrelation was assessed by calculating moran's i and cluster detection was performed using lisa- and spatial scan statisti ...200919709771
microsatellite markers for the molecular characterization of neospora caninum: application to clinical samples.we report here on the development of a nested pcr procedure for the application of neospora caninum microsatellite markers to clinical samples. genotyping technology by fluorescently labelled dna fragment analysis was used in combination with dna sequencing for those markers which show additional snps or complex repetitive sequences. twenty-nine dna samples from naturally infected bovine aborted foetuses from two regions of spain where n. caninum had been detected by nested pcr of the its1 rrna ...200919720464
first epidemiological study on exposure to neospora caninum in different canine populations in the algiers district (algeria).neospora caninum is an important cause of abortion in cattle worldwide. dogs act as final hosts shedding oocysts in the environment. they can also harbour the extraintestinal stage of the parasite and this may be associated with a fairly rare neuromuscular condition. the sera of 781 dogs from the algiers district were screened by ifat for the presence of anti-n. caninum antibodies. these dogs were distributed into four populations: local stray dogs, police dogs, dogs from breeding kennels and fa ...200919723590
dynamics of heat shock protein 70 concentrations in peripheral blood lymphocyte lysates during pregnancy in lactating holstein-friesian cows.the aim of this study was to characterize the dynamics of the concentrations of heat shock protein 70 kda (hsp70) in peripheral blood lymphocytes of lactating holstein-friesian dairy cows (bos taurus) during pregnancy. the detection of pregnancy was carried out and blood samples collected on days 40, 90, 120, 150, 180, and 210 of gestation from 46 cows (11 primiparous and 35 pluriparous, 34 seropositive and 12 seronegative to neospora caninum). peripheral blood lymphocytes were isolated by densi ...200919729195
the first finding of neospora caninum and the occurrence of other abortifacient agents in sheep in slovakia.neosporosis is an infection of animals caused by an intracellular coccidian parasite, neospora caninum, closely related to toxoplasma gondii. the parasite is one of important abortifacient agents of bovine abortions worldwide. the aim of the study was to detect the prevalence of anti-neospora antibodies in dairy aborting sheep from two eastern slovak regions and to compare it with the occurrence of other potential abortifacient agents. sera of 382 sheep, mainly the improved valachian and merino ...200919540672
development of an indirect elisa test using a purified tachyzoite surface antigen sag1 for sero-diagnosis of canine toxoplasma gondii infection.the aim of this study was to use affinity purified 30 kda toxoplasma gondii surface antigen (sag1) in an indirect elisa and to compare it with an existing indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat). 245 serum samples were collected from dogs from three adjacent iranian provinces. ifat examination revealed positive results in 73 dogs, with titers ranging from 1:16 to 1:1024. a suitable elisa cut-off was determined by roc analysis in comparison with ifat. results showed a relative sensitivity and s ...200919556064
seroprevalence of neospora caninum in dairy cattle ranches with high abortion rate: special emphasis to serologic co-existence with toxoplasma gondii, brucella abortus and listeria monocytogenes.the aim of this study was to determine seroprevalence of neospora caninum in dairy cattle ranches with higher abortion rates and co-existence of neospora caninum, toxoplasma gondii, brucella abortus, and listeria monocytogenes antibodies. the blood samples were collected from dairy cows with history of abortion (n=234) as well as from pregnant cows that were (n=323) kept in the same ranches. n. caninum seroprevalence was 10.77% (60/557). the co-existence rate of n. caninum seropositivity with t. ...200919592171
early postabortion recovery of neospora-infected lactating dairy cows.this study was designed to assess the reproductive performance of neospora caninum-infected dairy cows (bos taurus) after abortion. the population examined was composed of 92 aborting cows subsequently subjected to at least one artificial insemination (ai) attempt. of these animals, 68 were n. caninum seropositive and 24 were seronegative. only animals producing at least 25 kg milk at the estrus after abortion were inseminated. normal uterine involution was verified at first ai after abortion in ...200919595443
seroprevalence of neospora caninum and coexistence with toxoplasma gondii in dogs.neospora caninum is a protozoal agent causing abortion and infertility problems in dairy cattle. the objective of the present study was to detect the seroprevalence of n.caninum in dogs and its co-existence with toxoplasma gondii in some rural and urban regions of kirikka-le province. a total of 121 blood samples were examined with indirect immunoflorescent antibody test to detect the presence of n.caninum igg antibodies. the seropositivity of n.caninum was 28.9% in dogs. the seropositivity rate ...200919598086
comparison of indirect elisa based on recombinant protein ncsrs2 and ifat for detection of neospora caninum antibodies in sheep.neospora caninum, an apicomplexan parasite that can causes abortion, is responsible for considerable economic and reproductive losses in livestock. the purpose of the present study was to determine whether recombinant ncsrs2 is a suitable indirect elisa antigen for determining specific immune response to n. caninum in sheep. a total of 441 serum samples were subjected to ifat and rncsrs2 based-elisa, with both tests performing similarly. the sensitivity and specificity of indirect elisa were 98. ...200919602311
indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase is involved in defense against neospora caninum in human and bovine cells.neospora caninum is an apicomplexan parasite closely related to toxoplasma gondii. in nature this parasite is found especially in dogs and cattle, but it may also infect other livestock. the growth of n. caninum, which is an obligate intracellular parasite, is controlled mainly by the cell-mediated immune response. during infection the cytokine gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) plays a prominent role in regulating the growth of n. caninum in natural and experimental disease. the present study showed ...200919620347
detection, quantifications and pharmacokinetics of toltrazuril sulfone (ponazuril) in cattle.toltrazuril sulfone (ponazuril) is a triazine-based anti-protozoal agent with highly specific actions against apicomplexan group of organisms, which are undergoing intensive investigation. toltrazuril sulfone may have clinical application in the treatment of neospora. caninum and other protozoal infections in cattle. to evaluate absorption, distribution, and elimination characteristics of toltrazuril sulfone in cattle, a sensitive validated quantitative high-pressure liquid chromatography method ...200919646093
association of bola drb3 and dqa1 alleles with susceptibility to neospora caninum and reproductive outcome in quebec holstein cattle.the bola drb3 and dqa1 genes are part of the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class ii in cattle. these genes are highly polymorphic and have been associated with resistance to several diseases, such as mastitis, bovine leukemia virus (blv) and dermatophilis. sequenced based typing of these genes has been carried out extensively from blood samples; however it is often impractical or expensive to obtain such samples. repositories of well-characterized serum from cattle are readily available ...200919646818
first identification of sarcocystis tenella (railliet, 1886) moulé, 1886 (protozoa: apicomplexa) by pcr in naturally infected sheep from brazil.sarcocystis tenella is a dog-sheep protozoan parasite, causing a widespread enzootic muscle parasitosis and neurological disease mainly in lambs. this parasite is pathogenic to sheep and important to the economical production of sheep. the present study was initially aimed to determine toxoplasma gondii infection and the occurrence of co-infection with other apicomplexa parasites in 602 brazilian sheep. twenty of these sheep were positive with antibodies to t. gondii by mat and ifat-igg tests, p ...200919647370
detection of neospora caninum in aborted bovine fetuses and dam blood samples by nested pcr and elisa and seroprevalence in beijing and tianjin, china.neospora caninum infection is a significant cause of abortion in cattle. we investigated the tissue distribution of n. caninum in aborted bovine fetuses and dam blood samples by a nested pcr assay, and compared the nested pcr with elisa in the diagnosis of n. caninum infection. in total, 26 aborted fetuses and 813 blood samples were collected from 8 dairy herds in beijing (n=212) and tianjin (n=601), china. fifteen fetuses (57.7%) were tested n. caninum-positive by the nested pcr. n. caninum dna ...200919660160
seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum in feral cats (felis silvestris catus) in majorca, balearic islands, spain.felids are important in the epidemiology of toxoplasma gondii infection because they are the only hosts that can excrete environmentally resistant oocysts. antibodies to t. gondii and neospora caninum were determined in serum samples from 59 feral cats (felis silvestris catus) captured in baited traps during authorized predator control campaigns in majorca, balearic islands, spain. antibodies to t. gondii assayed by the modified agglutination test (mat) were found in 50 (84.7%) of 59 cats with m ...200919665309
a unique dual activity amino acid hydroxylase in toxoplasma gondii.the genome of the protozoan parasite toxoplasma gondii was found to contain two genes encoding tyrosine hydroxylase; that produces l-dopa. the encoded enzymes metabolize phenylalanine as well as tyrosine with substrate preference for tyrosine. thus the enzymes catabolize phenylalanine to tyrosine and tyrosine to l-dopa. the catalytic domain descriptive of this class of enzymes is conserved with the parasite enzyme and exhibits similar kinetic properties to metazoan tyrosine hydroxylases, but con ...200919277211
detection of hammondia heydorni and related coccidia (neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii) in goats slaughtered in bahia, brazil.hammondia heydorni is a coccidian parasite with an obligatory two host life cycle, with dogs and foxes as definitive hosts, and a number of intermediate hosts, including goats. while infection by this parasite seems to be unassociated with any clinical signs, infection by the closely related parasites neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii can result in abortion, stillbirths and low yielding in caprine herds. the aim of this work was to investigate the frequency of goats infected with h. heydorn ...200919278786
seroprevalence of neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii antibodies in white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) from iowa and minnesota using four serologic tests.the white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) is considered one of the most important wildlife reservoirs of neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii in the us. sera from white-tailed deer from minnesota and iowa were tested for antibodies to n. caninum by four serologic tests including the indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) test (cut-off 1:25), neospora caninum agglutination test (cut-off 1:25), an enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay, and western blot (wb). sera were also tested for antibodies ...200919285809
crab-eating fox (cerdocyon thous), a south american canid, as a definitive host for hammondia heydorni.hammondia heydorni is a cyst forming coccidia closely related to other apicomplexans, such as toxoplasma gondii, neospora caninum and hammondia hammondi with a two-host life cycle. dogs and other canids as red foxes (vulpes vulpes) and coyotes (canis latrans) may serve as definitive hosts for h. heydorni. sporulated oocysts are infective for cattle, sheep and goats, which may serve as intermediate hosts. herein, we describe the ability of crab-eating fox (cerdocyon thous), a wild carnivore that ...200919303215
myeloid differentiation factor 88 is required for resistance to neospora caninum infection.neospora caninum is an intracellular parasite that causes major economic impact on cattle raising farms, and infects a wide range of warm-blooded hosts worldwide. innate immune mechanisms that lead to protection against this parasite are still unknown. in order to investigate whether myeloid differentiation factor 88 (myd88) is required for resistance against n. caninum, genetically deficient mice (myd88(-/-)) and wild type littermates were infected with live tachyzoites and the resistance to in ...200919341611
targeting histone deacetylase inhibitors for anti-malarial therapy.it is now clear that histone acetylation plays key roles in regulating gene transcription in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes, the acetylated form inducing gene expression while deacetylation silences genes. recent studies have identified roles for histone acetyltransferases (hats) and/or histone deacetylases (hdacs) in a number of parasites including entamoeba histolytica, toxoplasma gondii, schistosoma mansoni, cryptosporidium sp., leishmania donovani, neospora caninum, and plasmodium falciparu ...200919355992
immunization with oligomannose-coated liposome-entrapped dense granule protein 7 protects dams and offspring from neospora caninum infection in mice.the present study demonstrates that the subcutaneous administration of neospora caninum dense granule protein 7 (ncgra7) entrapped in liposomes coated with mannotriose strongly induces the parasite-specific t-helper type 1 immune response and humoral antibody in mice. although anti-ncgra7 immunoglobulin g1 antibody production was induced in mice injected with ncgra7 alone, the dams and offspring were never protected from n. caninum infection. the immunization of mice with liposome-entrapped ncgr ...200919357313
stage-specific expression of nc sag4 as a marker of chronic neospora caninum infection in a mouse model.neospora caninum infection persists throughout the life of its intermediate host due to the conversion of tachyzoites to slowly dividing bradyzoites that encyst in the brain. this event results in persistent n. caninum infection in bovine herds and partially explains the poor efficacy of many chemotherapeutic agents and vaccine formulations. thus, there is a need for greater understanding of the tachyzoite-to-bradyzoite conversion mechanisms. here we studied for the first time the transcription ...200919402941
cpg-odn combined with neospora caninum lysate, but not with excreted-secreted antigen, enhances protection against infection in mice.cpg oligodeoxynucleotides (odn) have shown to be potent immunoadjuvants for several pathogens, but there is limited information concerning their use in immunization protocols against neosporosis. this study aimed to evaluate the potential of cpg-odn combined with neospora lysate antigen (nla) or excreted-secreted antigen (ncesa) to induce protective immune response against neospora caninum infection in mice. c57bl/6 mice were vaccinated subcutaneously three times at 2-week intervals with nla, nl ...200919428863
neospora caninum and complex vertebral malformation as possible causes of bovine fetal mummification.bovine neosporosis, caused by neospora caninum is a leading cause of abortion in cattle. we postulated that neosporosis could lead to fetal death and mummification. fifteen mummified fetuses were tested by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the mutation in the bovine slc35a3 gene that causes complex vertebral malformation (cvm) and the pnc-5 gene which identifies n. caninum infection. dna was extracted from the mummified fetuses and the sex of the mummies was determined by pcr. the cvm mutation ...200919436446
vaccination with recombinant ncrop2 combined with recombinant ncmic1 and ncmic3 reduces cerebral infection and vertical transmission in mice experimentally infected with neospora caninum tachyzoites.we investigated the protective potential of recombinant his-tagged antigens recncmic1, recncmic3 and recncrop2, applied either as single vaccines or as vaccine combinations, in balb/c mouse models for cerebral and fetal infection. subsequently, mice were mated and challenged by i.p. inoculation of 2 x 10(6)neospora caninum tachyzoites at day 7 of pregnancy. the mortality and morbidity of adult mice (non-pregnant and dams) and of the newborn pups was studied for a period of 40 days following birt ...200919447110
immunogenicity of a dna vaccine expressing the neospora caninum surface protein ncsrs2 in mice.the immunogenicity of a dna vaccine expressing the surface protein ncsrs2 of neospora caninum was studied in balb/c mice. the ncsrs2-encoding dna was obtained by pcr amplification of the ncsrs2 orf gene from the p43 plasmid encoding the n. caninum surface protein ncsrs2, ligated to the mammalian expression vector pcdna3.1/zeo(+) and propagated in e. coli dh5alpha to produce the n. caninum ncsrs2 dna vaccine. balb/c mice were immunised by two intramuscular injections of the dna vaccine with or wi ...200919457773
effects of crossbreed pregnancies on the abortion risk of neospora caninum-infected dairy cows.previous studies have shown that the use of beef bull semen significantly reduces the rate of abortions due to neospora caninum in artificially inseminated (ai) seropositive dairy cows. in addition, certain beef breeds could be more resistant to n. caninum infection and abortion than others. the aim of the present study was to determine whether different crossbreed pregnancies, those derived from limousin, charolais, piedmontese or belgian blue semen, carry different risks of abortion in neospor ...200919464119
experimental infection with a low virulence isolate of neospora caninum at 70 days gestation in cattle did not result in foetopathy.the nc-spain 1h isolate of neospora caninum, which was newly obtained from the brain of a congenitally asymptomatic infected calf, demonstrated a reduced in vitro tachyzoite yield and viability rate, as well as low virulence in mouse models. the objective of the present study was to determine the ability of this isolate to induce foetal death in a pregnant bovine model. for this purpose, 13 naïve pregnant heifers were divided into three groups and were experimentally challenged with either 10(7) ...200919497257
neospora caninum--how close are we to development of an efficacious vaccine that prevents abortion in cattle?neospora caninum is a protozoan parasite that causes abortion in cattle around the world. although the clinical signs of disease in both dogs and cattle have now been recognised for over 20years, treatment and control options are still limited, despite the availability of a commercial vaccine in some countries of the world. the case for an efficacious vaccine has not been convincingly waged by farmers, veterinarians and other members of the agricultural and rural communities. in recent times, ho ...200919497326
[use of the real time rt-pcr for immune related gene expression quantitation in experimentally infected neospora caninum bovine calves].neospora caninum is one of the main causes of abortion and natimortality in cattle. host immune defense is capable to inhibit tachyzoite activity during acute infection, but there is no action against bradyzoites in tissue cysts. activation and modulation of this response is controlled by cell mediators. the real-time rt-pcr technique was employed to detect some of those mediators during n. caninum infection. holstein and nelore calves intramuscularly infected with tachyzoites and uninfected con ...200919500454
dose-titration challenge of young pregnant sheep with neospora caninum tachyzoites.pregnant ewe lambs (7-8 months old at breeding) were inoculated intravenously at 90 days after joining with the ram with 50, 5 x 10(3), 10(6), or 10(8)neospora caninum tachyzoites and outcomes were compared to a control group. seroconversion was measured by indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat) at fortnightly intervals and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) at 28 days post-challenge. seroconversion (by ifat) occurred in all animals except for 2 sheep in the lowest dose group, inclu ...200919501968
comparison between immunohistochemistry and two pcr methods for detection of neospora caninum in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded brain tissue of bovine fetuses.the objective of this study was to identify the presence of the parasite by comparing immunohistochemistry (ihc) with two polymerase chain reaction (pcr) methods for the detection of the pnc5 gene and the internal transcribed spacer 1 (its1) of n. caninum in brain tissue of bovine fetuses that had previously been fixed in formalin and paraffin-embedded. in 29 out of 48 brains (60.4%), microscopic lesions consistent with neospora infection were observed, and 21 of the 29 cases (72.41%) were posit ...200919515495
serologic screening for neospora caninum, france. 200919523316
neospora caninum and bone marrow-derived dendritic cells: parasite survival, proliferation, and induction of cytokine expression.dendritic cells (dcs) represent the first line defence of the innate immune system following infection with pathogens. we exploratively addressed invasion and survival ability of neospora caninum, a parasite causing abortion in cattle, in mouse bone marrow dcs (bmdcs), and respective cytokine expression patterns. immature bmdcs were exposed to viable (untreated) and nonviable parasites that had been inactivated by different means. invasion and/or internalization, as well as intracellular surviva ...200919527452
the development of immune responses in balb/c mice following inoculation with attenuated or virulent neospora caninum tachyzoites.balb/c mice were inoculated intraperitoneally (i.p.) with either 5 x 10(6) live virulent (group 1) or 5 x 10(6) live attenuated (group 2) tachyzoites, or vero cells (group 3). animals were killed at 0, 14, 28 and 42 days post-inoculation (p.i.), with the remaining mice receiving a lethal challenge on day 48 p.i. serum, spleen and brain samples were collected post-mortem to examine humoral and cell-mediated immune responses as well as pathological lesions and to quantify parasite loads. on day 14 ...200919527455
risk factors associated with neospora caninum infections in cattle in argentina.from 2003 through 2007, serum samples from 5594 dairy and beef heifers and cows in argentina were assessed to quantify the association between presence of neospora caninum antibodies and history of abortion, type of exploitation, and age category of animals. animals with a history of abortion were 85% more likely (p<0.01) to be positive to n. caninum than animals without a record of abortion. for a given category (age) of animals, being in a dairy operation increased the odds of being n. caninum ...200919216028
neospora caninum in dairy herds in schleswig-holstein, germany.the aim of a cross-sectional survey performed between november 2005 and april 2006 was to obtain actual information on the occurrence of neospora (n.) caninum infection in dairy cows of schleswig-holstein. it was planned to examine tank-milk of about 35% of the approximately 6,000 dairy herds in schleswig-holstein for n. caninum-specific antibodies using a p38-tank-milk elisa. this test is able to detect a within-herd n. caninum-seroprevalence of > 10%. only 20 (1.0%) out of 1,950 tank-milk samp ...200919226934
molecular approaches to diversity of populations of apicomplexan parasites.apicomplexan parasites include many parasites of importance either for livestock or as causative agents of human diseases. the importance of these parasites has been recognised by the european commission and resulted in support of the cost (cooperation in science and technology) action 857 'apicomplexan biology in the post-genomic era'. in this review we discuss the current understanding in 'biodiversity and population genetics' of the major apicomplexan parasites, namely the eimeria spp., crypt ...200918983997
proteomes and transcriptomes of the apicomplexa--where's the message?the apicomplexa have some of the most comprehensive and integrated proteome datasets of all pathogenic micro-organisms. coverage is currently at a level where these data can be used to help predict the potential biological function of proteins in these parasites, without having to defer to measurement of mrna levels. transcriptomic data for the apicomplexa (microarrays, expressed sequence tag (est) collections, serial analysis of gene expression (sage) and massively parallel signature sequencing ...200918996390
seroprevalence of neospora caninum antibodies in beef cattle in three southern states of mexico.the aims of the present study were to examine the seroprevalence of neosporosis in beef herds from three southern states of mexico and determine the association with several risk factors. a cross-sectional serological survey for neospora caninum was carried out by sampling a total of 596 animals from 31 herds in chiapas, veracruz, and yucatan states and tested using an elisa assay (idexx) to detect anti-n. caninum antibodies. the overall prevalence was 11.6%, (95% ci: 0.93-0.14), however, the pr ...200919016341
neospora caninum, potential cause of abortions in dairy cows: the current serological follow-up in slovakia.neosporosis is considered to be a contributing risk factor for abortions in dairy cows and other farm animals and has negative economic impact on their breeding. in respect of the rapid spread of neosporosis in herds throughout the world, our aim was to detect the prevalence of anti-neospora antibodies in cows post-abortion (pa) (pa group n=716) and in cows without any reproduction problems (control group n=247) on large breeding farms from eastern slovakia. the overall mean seropositivity in pa ...200919019551
prevalence of toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum infections in sheep from federal district, central region of brazil.serum samples from 1028 sheep were collected from 32 herds within federal district, in the central region of brazil. the samples were examined by indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat) using sera diluted 1:64 and 1:50 as cut-off values for the detection of antibodies against toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum, respectively. the observed prevalence for t. gondii infection was 38.22% (26.81%<ci 0.95<49.62%), and the titers ranged from 64 to 65536. the observed prevalence for n. caninum infe ...200918726165
infection of primary canine duodenal epithelial cell cultures with neospora caninum.according to current knowledge, sexual development of the apicomplexan parasite neospora caninum takes place in the canine intestine. however, to date there is no information on the interaction between the parasite and the canine intestinal epithelium, and, next to the clinical and in vivo research tools, an in vitro model comprised of canine intestinal cells infected with n. caninum would be very helpful for investigations at the cellular level. following the isolation of cells of neonatal cani ...200918821824
natural breeding with bulls experimentally infected with neospora caninum failed to induce seroconversion in dams.four bulls and 56 heifers seronegative to neospora caninum were used to determine the feasibility of venereal transmission in bovine neosporosis under natural conditions. bulls were experimentally infected with 10(8) live n. caninum tachyzoites. two of them with the nc-1 isolate and the other two with the nc-spain-7 isolate. after 13 months of initial infection, each bull was re-infected with the same isolate and dose. the experiments were carried out from march to september during 2006 and 2007 ...200918962878
isolation and characterization of a bovine isolate of neospora caninum with low virulence.neospora caninum tachyzoites were isolated from the brain of an asymptomatic naturally infected calf with precolostral-specific antibodies. the new isolate, named nc-spain 1h, was identified as a member of the n. caninum species based on its internal transcribed spacer 1 (its-1) sequence and was genetically characterized using microsatellite markers. multilocus analysis showed that nc-spain 1h was genetically different from other n. caninum isolates. we compared the in vitro tachyzoite yield and ...200919027235
pigeons (columba livia) are a suitable experimental model for neospora caninum infection in birds.neospora caninum infections in chickens have been recently described by epidemiological and experimental approaches, and these birds may be considered natural intermediate hosts of the parasite. it has been postulated that other bird species might perform this role in wildlife as well. to better understand the sylvatic life cycle of n. caninum, further studies are required. in that sense, this work aimed to observe infection kinetics in pigeons experimentally infected with n. caninum. experiment ...200919027237
neospora caninum associated with epidemic abortions in dairy cattle: the first clinical neosporosis report in turkey.neospora caninum, a protozoan parasite, has been considered as one of the most important etiological agents responsible for abortion in dairy cattle throughout the world since it was first identified in dogs in 1988. in this report, characteristics of neosporosis, detected in a dairy cow ranch having epidemic abortions as high as 18.4%, were described. blood samples were collected from 25 infertile or aborted dairy cattle, 6 calves born in 2006 and 40 heifers that were born in 2005 and raised in ...200919028014
looks can deceive: molecular identity of an intraerythrocytic apicomplexan parasite in australian gliders.two yellow-bellied gliders (petaurus australis) had an intraerythrocytic parasite closely related to the cyst-forming coccidia (apicomplexa: sarcocystidae). the parasitaemia persisted for 3 months or more but was observed to clear within 3 years in captivity. the parasite appears not to significantly debilitate its infected host. traditionally, using morphological identification, the intraerythrocytic parasite would have been classified within the hepatozoon species typically found in red blood ...200919028015
first isolation of neospora caninum from the faeces of a dog from portugal.we report the in vitro isolation of neospora caninum from the faeces of a naturally infected 8-year-old male stray boxer from portugal. vero cell cultures were infected using parasite stages obtained after oral inoculation of gamma-interferon knockout mice with 10(2) sporulated oocysts. the isolate was identified by microscopical examination, as well as histological, immunological and molecular methods including a dna-microsatellite-based typing technique, and was subsequently named nc-p1. the d ...200919036520
comparison of two pcr protocols for the detection of neospora caninum dna in rodents.the objective of the present study was, due to increasing interest in the epidemiological role of small mammals as potential reservoir of neospora caninum, to compare two different pcr protocols for the diagnosis of n. caninum in rodents. we tested tissue samples from 50 house mice (mus musculus), 50 rats (rattus norvegicus) and 35 field mice (apodemus sylvaticus). two different pcr protocols based on primer pairs, np4-np7 and np6plus-np21plus, were used for diagnosis on these samples. while the ...200919036521
factors affecting plasma prolactin concentrations throughout gestation in high producing dairy cows.the aim of the present study was to investigate possible relationships between plasma concentrations of prolactin and the following factors throughout gestation in lactating dairy cows: photoperiod, season, milk production, neospora caninum-seropositivity, twin pregnancy, and plasma concentrations of pregnancy associated glycoproteins-1 (pag-1), progesterone and cortisol. pregnancy was diagnosed by trans-rectal ultrasonography on day 40 post-insemination and by palpation per rectum on days 90, 1 ...200919036554
effects of a transferring antibody against neospora caninum infection in a murine model.we investigated the roles of a transferring antibody against neospora caninum infection based on a murine model using recombinant vaccinia virus carrying ncsrs2 gene. higher levels of anti-ncsrs2 antibody were detected in surviving offspring from vaccinated dams than controls while the transferring anti-ncsag1 antibody was detected in the surviving offspring from unvaccinated dams. after mating, the female mice with transferring antibody against n. caninum were challenged with the parasites in m ...200919056179
frequency of horizontal and vertical transmission for sarcocystis cruzi and neospora caninum in dairy cattle.sarcocystis cruzi and neospora caninum infections in cattle are common throughout the world, and cause important economical losses. n. caninum can be transmitted horizontally by ingestion of oocysts or vertically from the infected dam to the fetus via the placenta. vertical transmission for s. cruzi is infrequent and horizontal transmission is considered the most important route of infection. the objectives of this study were to evaluate the frequency of horizontal and vertical transmission for ...200919070964
molecular comparison of neospora caninum oocyst isolates from naturally infected dogs with cell culture-derived tachyzoites of the same isolates using nested polymerase chain reaction to amplify microsatellite markers.neospora caninum infection is an important cause of bovine abortion. the infection can be transmitted transplacentally or by ingestion of oocysts shed by definitive hosts. there are few reports of dogs naturally shedding n. caninum oocysts and only some oocyst isolates were transferred into cell culture. the aim of the present study was to analyse n. caninum oocysts from the faeces of naturally infected dogs using a microsatellite-based typing technique and to compare them with cell culture-deri ...200919084341
canine inflammatory myopathy associated with leishmania infantum infection.inflammatory myopathy associated with several infectious diseases occurs in dogs including those caused by toxoplasma gondii, neospora caninum, ehrlichia canis and hepatozoon canis. however, muscle disease due to leishmania infection has been poorly documented. the aim of this study was to examine the distribution and types of cellular infiltrates and expression of mhc class i and ii in muscle biopsies obtained from 15 male beagle dogs from a breeder group with an established diagnosis of leishm ...200919084398
prevalence of anti-toxoplasma gondii and anti-neospora caninum antibodies in sheep from mossoró, rio grande do norte, brazil.toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite with a variety of hosts, responsible for reproductive problems and economic losses in sheep flocks. neospora caninum was recently identified and its clinical presentation in sheep is similar to that of toxoplasmosis, which can cause repeated abortions, though less frequently in this species. in order to confirm the prevalence of these agents in the city of mossoró, rio grande do norte, brazil, 409 serum samples from adult sheep (364 females ...200919091473
evaluation of a srs2 sandwich commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of anti-neospora caninum antibodies in bovine and canine sera.neospora caninum is a parasite responsible for abortion in cows and neuromuscular disease in dogs. serology is the most widely used technique to evaluate the prevalence of n. caninum in different host populations. a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) based on the use of an anti-srs2 monoclonal antibody was evaluated against the indirect fluorescent antibody test for 100 canine sera and against a well-characterized elisa for 102 bovine sera. in cattle sera, the relative sensitivit ...200919139509
keratoconjunctivitis associated with toxoplasma gondii in a dog.a 12-year-old pug presented with a 3-mm corneal mass od. the dog was currently being treated for keratoconjunctivitis sicca (kcs) and pigmentary keratitis ou. a superficial keratectomy followed by cryotherapy was performed od. a histopathologic diagnosis of epithelial dysplasia and suppurative keratitis was made and the lesion resolved. two months later, a yellow/tan conjunctival mass, diffuse chemosis and conjunctival thickening was discovered od. necrotizing conjunctivitis with protozoal paras ...200919152600
characterization of tissue distribution and histopathological lesions in neospora caninum experimentally infected gerbils.gerbils (meriones unguiculatus) were inoculated intraperitoneally (i.p.) with neospora caninum tachyzoites to examine parasite distribution and histological lesions at different time points over a 9-day period of infection. gerbils were sacrificed 12 h post-infection (pi), then daily intervals up to day 9 pi. the parasite was detected by pcr assay targeting the nc5 sequence of n. caninum. the parasite was not found in any organs until day 5 pi, however, from day 8 pi onwards, they were detected ...200919172297
toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum antibodies in sheep in the czech republic.in the czech republic, serum from 547 sheep coming from nine farms was examined for antibodies against parasites toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum by screening elisa. antibodies against t. gondii were found in 325 sheep (59%) with prevalence ranging from 11% to 96% in different farms. antibodies against n. caninum were found in 63 sheep (12%) with prevalence ranging from 4% to 21% in different farms. mixed infections were found in 53 sheep (10%). it was the first evidence of n. caninum anti ...200919181450
short report: prevalence of neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii antibodies in northern egypt.in view of the worldwide importance of toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum and the limited data on the seroprevalence of these parasites in egypt, this study aimed to estimate the prevalence of anti-t. gondii and anti-n. caninum antibodies in rabbits, cattle, and humans. we used elisa methods based on surface antigen 2 of t. gondii (tgsag2t) and surface antigen 1 of n. caninum (ncsag1t). high seroprevalence of t. gondii (51.49%) was detected in pregnant women, and antibodies to n. caninum wer ...200919190225
detection of neospora caninum from farm-bred young blue foxes (alopex lagopus) in china.neospora caninum has been detected in several wild mammalian species, i.e., deer, coyotes, dingoes, and foxes. farm-bred foxes were rarely reported to be affected by the parasite. in this study, we detected for the first time the infection of n.caninum in farm-bred young blue foxes (alopex lagopus) in china. neospora-like tissue cysts were observed in brains and kidneys of the foxes by histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations. one hundred and three sera from the clinically normal v ...200919194087
specific anti-neospora caninum igg1 and igg2 antibody responses during gestation in naturally infected cattle and their relationship with gamma interferon production.gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) production has been attributed a protective role against abortion in neospora-infected dairy cows. this study investigate possible relationships between plasma levels of the n. caninum-specific immunoglobulin (ig) isotypes igg1 and igg2 and ifn-gamma production throughout gestation in dairy cows naturally infected with the parasite. data were obtained from 31 pregnant neospora-seropositive animals. blood samples were collected on gestation days 40, 90, 120, 150, 180 ...200919201036
toltrazuril treatment of congenitally acquired neospora caninum infection in newborn mice.c57bl/6 mice were infected with neospora caninum tachyzoites during pregnancy, yielding a transplacental infection of developing fetuses. subsequently, congenitally infected newborn mice were treated either once or three times with toltrazuril (or placebo) at a concentration of 31.25 mg compound per kg body weight. both toltrazuril and placebo treatment had no negative effect on newborns, as noninfected treated pups developed normally without differences in mortality and morbidity to matching no ...200919205743
cerebrospinal fluid eosinophilia in dogs.marked eosinophilic meningitis or meningoencephalomyelitis (eme) is rarely reported in dogs and the cause is usually undetermined. long-term prognosis for dogs with cerebrospinal fluid (csf) eosinophilia is variable.200919210314
[inquiry of antibodies anti-neospora caninum in dairy cattle, dogs and rural workers of the south-west region of mato grosso state].considering the importance of neosporosis in the animal health and production, the frequency of antibodies to neospora caninum was evaluated in dairy cattle of the southwestern region of mato grosso state, brazil, in addition to serum samples obtained from dogs and humans living in the farms. a total of 1036 serum samples were analyzed, from which 932 were from dairy bovine females, 37 from dogs and 67 from humans, from 24 farms and examined by the indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat). reac ...200920040187
[factors associated the seropositivity for babesia, toxoplasma, neospora e leishmania in dogs attended at nine veterinary clinics in the municipality of lavras, mg].the aim of the present study was to determine the frequency and evaluate the infuence of age, sex and breed in seropositivity anti-babesia canis, toxoplasma gondii, leishmania (l.) chagasi and neospora caninum, by means of the indirect immunofuorescence antibody test (ifat), in serum samples collected from dogs attended in nine private veterinary clinics in municipality of lavras, minas gerais, brazil, from august 2000 to april 2002. of 300 dogs, 73.3% were seropositive (ifat>or=1:80) to b. cani ...200920040191
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