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detection and molecular analysis of toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum from dogs with neurological disorders.toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum are related apicomplexa parasites responsible for systemic diseases in many species of animals, including dogs.201222760137
seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum infection in dairy cows in subtropical southern china.toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum are closely related protozoan parasites which cause lowered production and increased abortion in dairy cows. the aim of the present study was to determine the seroprevalence of t. gondii and n. caninum infection in dairy cows in the guangxi zhuang autonomous region (gzar), subtropical southern china. in total, 875 serum samples were collected from the tail veins of dairy cows in 6 main dairy cow-rearing districts of 4 administrative cities in gzar. the samp ...201222717118
molecular frequency and isolation of cyst-forming coccidia from free ranging chickens in bahia state, brazil.the toxoplasmatinae parasites toxoplasma gondii, neospora caninum and hammondia spp. have carnivores as definitive hosts that shed the parasite oocysts in their feces. birds that feed directly from the soil, such as chickens, are exposed to infection and may serve as indicators of the presence of the parasite in the environment and as a source of infection for other animals. the aims of this study were to determine the frequency of infection by these parasites in free ranging chickens, to test w ...201222673105
adult-onset nemaline myopathy in a dog presenting with persistent atrial standstill and primary hypothyroidism.a nine-year-old neutered female mixed breed dog presented for evaluation following a five-day history of lethargy, inappetence, weakness, abdominal distension and generalised muscle atrophy. persistent vatrial standstill with a junctional rhythm was identified on electrocardiogram. echocardiogram identified moderate dilation of all cardiac chambers and mild thickening of the mitral and tricuspid valves. serology was negative for neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii. permanent pacemaker implant ...201222647214
production, characterization and applications for toxoplasma gondii-specific polyclonal chicken egg yolk immunoglobulins.toxoplasma gondii may cause abortions, ocular and neurological disorders in warm-blood hosts. immunized mammals are a wide source of hyperimmune sera used in different approaches, including diagnosis and the study of host-parasite interactions. unfortunately, mammalian antibodies present limitations for its production, such as the necessity for animal bleeding, low yield, interference with rheumatoid factor, complement activation and affinity to fc mammalian receptors. igy antibodies avoid those ...201222808150
seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum in dogs from korea.toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum are closely related protozoan parasites, they share many common hosts, and can cause neurological diseases in dogs. dogs can have close contacts with humans and livestock and therefore they can act as reservoirs of these parasites. the aim of this study was to survey the seroprevalence of antibodies against t. gondii and n. caninum and their co-infection rate in dogs in korea. in total, sera from 553 domestic dogs were collected from different breeds, sexes ...201222807008
evaluation of the protection conferred by a naturally attenuated neospora caninum isolate against congenital and cerebral neosporosis in mice.the parasite neospora caninum is an important abortifacient agent in cattle worldwide. at present, the development of an effective and safe vaccine against bovine neosporosis is of great relevance. recently, a new isolate of n. caninum (nc-spain 1 h) which was obtained from the brain of an asymptomatic congenitally infected calf, exhibited non-virulent behaviour in mouse and bovine infection models. the aim of this study was to determine the safety and efficacy of nc-spain 1 h when used as a vac ...201222913428
toxoplasmosis in tammar wallabies (macropus eugenii) in the budapest zoo and botanical garden (2006-2010).smaller macropodid species (commonly referred to as wallabies) are extremely susceptible to toxoplasmosis: in most cases, infection with toxoplasma gondii leads to death within a short time. between june 2006 and july 2010, t. gondii was detected by immunohistochemical examination in six tammar wallabies (macropus eugenii) that died in the budapest zoo and botanical garden; in another four specimens histopathology revealed t. gondii-like organisms (which could not be differentiated from neospora ...201222903081
rabbit antibodies against toxoplasma hsp20 are able to reduce parasite invasion and gliding motility in toxoplasma gondii and parasite invasion in neospora caninum.toxoplasma gondii hsp20 is a pellicle-associated functional chaperone whose biological role is still unknown. hsp20 is present in different apicomplexan parasites, showing a high degree of conservation across the phylum, with neospora caninum hsp20 presenting an 82% identity to that of t. gondii. hence rabbit anti-t. gondii hsp20 serum was able to recognize the n. caninum counterpart. interestingly, both n. caninum and t. gondii hsp20 localized to the inner membrane complex and to the plasma mem ...201222902747
seroprevalence of neospora caninum, paratuberculosis and q fever in cattle in belgium in 2009-2010. 201222952130
vaccination with the recombinant chimeric antigen recncmic3-1-r induces a non-protective th2-type immune response in the pregnant mouse model for n. caninum infection.the major route of transmission of neospora caninum in cattle is transplacentally from an infected cow to its progeny. therefore, a vaccine should be able to prevent both the horizontal transmission from contaminated food or water and the vertical transmission. we have previously shown that a chimeric vaccine composed of predicted immunogenic epitopes of ncmic3, ncmic1 and ncrop2 (recncmic3-1-r) significantly reduced the cerebral infection in balb/c mice. in this study, mice were first vaccinate ...201222940381
the core mouse response to infection by neospora caninum defined by gene set enrichment analyses.in this study, the balb/c and qs mouse responses to infection by the parasite neospora caninum were investigated in order to identify host response mechanisms. investigation was done using gene set (enrichment) analyses of microarray data. gsea, manova, romer, subgse and sam-gs were used to study the contrasts neospora strain type, mouse type (balb/c and qs) and time post infection (6 hours post infection and 10 days post infection). the analyses show that the major signal in the core mouse resp ...201223012496
[advances in the development of vaccines for bovine neosporosis].neosporosis, a disease caused by the obligate intracellular protozoan neospora caninum, produces abortions in cattle. the severe economic losses in cattle industry justify the need to develop control measures for preventing bovine abortion. apicomplexan parasitic resistance is associated with t helper 1 immune response mediated by cd4 cytotoxic t lymphocytes, the production of interferon-gamma, interleukin-12, tumor necrosis factor and immunoglobulin g2. the reduction of vertical transmission in ...201223102471
quantification of vertical transmission of neospora caninum in dairy cows in minas gerais, brazil.the objective of this cross-sectional study was to estimate the rate of vertical transmission and to investigate horizontal transmission of neospora caninum and occurrences of reproductive abnormalities in seropositive dairy cows on two farms in the state of minas gerais, brazil. the frequency of cows seropositive for n.caninum according to the indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat) was 39.4% (93/236) for farm a and 31.4% (32/102) for the farm b (p > 0.05). the mean vertical transmission rate ...201223070443
seroprevalence of antibodies to neospora caninum in dogs in the state of alagoas, brazil.this study investigated occurrences of antibodies to anti-neospora caninum in dogs in the state of alagoas, brazil, and the risk factors associated with the infection. to investigate antibodies against n. caninum, an indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (ifat) was used. to identify risk factors associated with infection by n. caninum, univariate analyses on variables of interest were conducted. the study analyzed 237 samples from dogs of both sexes and different breeds and ages, both from r ...201223070441
experimental infection with neospora caninum in pregnant bitches.in this study, transplacental transmission of neospora caninum in bitches at different stages of pregnancy was evaluated. three bitches were inoculated in the 3rd week and three in the 6th week of gestation with 10(8) tachyzoites of n. caninum (nc-1 strain). all the infected bitches and at least one of their offspring presented anti-n. caninum antibodies according to the indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat > 400). the pups and their mothers were sacrificed and tissues from the central nervo ...201223070432
di-cationic arylimidamides act against neospora caninum tachyzoites by interference in membrane structure and nucleolar integrity and are active against challenge infection in mice.neospora caninum is considered to be the main cause of bovine abortion in europe and the usa, leading to considerable financial impact. losses are caused directly by abortions or indirectly through breeding of calves with impaired viability. due to the lack of effective chemotherapy against bovine neosporosis, there is a need to develop new anti-protozoal compounds, which would either eliminate the parasite or avoid its transmission. in order to identify compounds of interest, the in vitro activ ...201224533272
the molecular basis for the distinct host and tissue tropisms of coccidian parasites.the phylum apicomplexa is home to a variety of parasites of significant medical and economic relevance, including the coccidian species toxoplasma gondii, neospora caninum and eimeria tenella. in spite of their shared ancestry, the aforementioned coccidian species exhibit highly variable host and tissue tropisms; whilst t. gondii invades a broad spectrum of cell types and host organisms, e. tenella infection is restricted to the caecum in chicken. apicomplexans are obligatory intracellular paras ...201222982139
identification and characterization of a novel neospora caninum immune mapped protein 1.immune mapped protein 1 (imp1) is a newly discovered protein in eimeria maxima. it is recognized as a potential vaccine candidate against e. maxima and a highly conserved protein in apicomplexan parasites. although the neospora caninum imp1 (ncimp1) orthologue of e. maxima imp1 was predicted in the n. caninum genome, it was still not identified and characterized. in this study, cdna sequence encoding ncimp1 was cloned by rt-pcr from rna isolated from nc1 tachyzoites. ncimp1 was encoded by an ope ...201222405293
multivariate model for the assessment of risk of fetal loss in goat herds.the observational study was carried out in a population of polish breeding goats in 2007 to determine the prevalence of fetal loss and identify risk factors contributing to its occurrence. the multivariate model allowing to predict the risk of the occurrence of fetal loss in a herd in a study population was developed. data on the occurrence of fetal loss, as well as of 28 hypothesized risk factors were collected from goat owners using standardized questionnaire during face-to-face reviews on far ...201222708360
genetic mapping and coccidial parasites: past achievements and future prospects.coccidial parasites including cryptosporidium parvum, cyclospora cayetanensis, neospora caninum, toxoplasma gondii and the eimeria species can cause severe disease of medical and veterinary importance. as many as one-third of the human population may carry t. gondii infection, and eimeria are thought to cost the global poultry production industry in excess of us$2 billion per annum. despite their significance, effective vaccines are scarce and have been confined to the veterinary field. as seque ...201223107923
low efficacy of ncgra7, ncsag4, ncbsr4 and ncsrs9 formulated in poly-ε-caprolactone against neospora caninum infection in mice.the protective efficacy of vaccination with neospora caninum recombinant antigens was evaluated in balb/c pregnant and non-pregnant mouse models of neosporosis. a major immunodominant dense granule protein (ncgra7) and three bradyzoite-specific surface antigens (ncsag4, ncbsr4 and ncsrs9) were expressed in escherichia coli and encapsulated within poly-ε-caprolactone (pcl) nanoparticles for the first time. good efficiencies of entrapment (greater than 50%) were obtained for all encapsulated prote ...201222640942
development of latex agglutination test with recombinant ncsag1 for the rapid detection of antibodies to neospora caninum in cattle.neospora caninum, an apicomplexan protozoan parasite, is recognized as a major cause of abortion in cattle. surface antigen 1 of n. caninum (ncsag1) is an important immunodominant candidate for the development of a diagnostic reagent for neosporosis. the present study describes the development and evaluation of a latex agglutination test (lat) with recombinant ncsag1 (rncsag1) for the detection of antibodies to n. caninum in cattle. the rncsag1 gene was cloned in pet-28a and protein was expresse ...201222571832
development of a diagnostic method for neosporosis in cattle using recombinant neospora caninum proteins.neosporosis is an infectious disease primarily of cattle and dogs, caused by intracellular parasite, neospora caninum. neosporosis appears to be a major cause of abortion in dairy cattle worldwide and causes to huge economic loss to dairy industry.201222558916
characterization of neospora caninum microneme protein 10 (ncmic10) and its potential use as a diagnostic marker for neosporosis.improvements in the serological diagnosis of neosporosis are needed to differentiate acute versus chronic neospora caninum infections. in the present study, n. caninum microneme protein 10 (ncmic10), similar to other microneme proteins, was shown to be released in a calcium-dependent manner. ncmic10 may be discharged during active invasion of host cells by the parasite, and thus represent an excellent marker for the diagnosis of neosporosis. in order to test this hypothesis, recombinant ncmic10 ...201222284302
pathogens of wild maned wolves (chrysocyon brachyurus) in brazil.the maned wolf, chrysocyon brachyurus, is an endangered neotropical canid that survives at low population densities. diseases are a potential threat for its conservation but to date have been poorly studied. we performed clinical evaluations and investigated the presence of infectious diseases through serology and coprologic tests on maned wolves from galheiro natural private reserve, perdizes city, minas gerais state, southeastern brazil. fifteen wolves were captured between 2003 and 2008. we f ...201223060508
neospora caninum in estonian dairy herds in relation to herd size, reproduction parameters, bovine virus diarrhoea virus, and bovine herpes virus 1.cows infected with the tissue parasite neospora caninum (nc) are more likely to abort or give birth to calves with neurological disorders. the known infection routes are transplacentally and by consumption of oocysts shed by the definitive host, the dog. it has been hypothesised, that dormant stages of persistent nc infection may be reactivated by immunosuppression mechanisms such as pathogenic invasions as bovine herpes virus 1 (bhv1) and bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv). the study was set t ...201222721941
survey of nine abortifacient infectious agents in aborted bovine fetuses from dairy farms in beijing, china, by pcr.abortion in dairy cattle causes considerable economic losses to the dairy industry. aborted fetuses and samples from the corresponding aborting dams from 12 dairy herds in beijing were tested for 9 abortifacient infectious pathogens by pcr between 2008 and 2010. from a total of 80 abortion cases collected during this period, infectious agents were detected in 45 (56.3%) cases, 22 (48.9%) of which represented co-infections with two or three infectious agents. the detected pathogens included infec ...201222366134
serological evidence of besnoitia spp. infection in canadian wild ruminants and strong cross-reaction between besnoitia besnoiti and besnoitia tarandi.bovine besnoitiosis, caused by besnoitia besnoiti, is considered to be emergent in europe and responsible for severe economic losses due to the chronic and debilitating course of the disease but has not been reported in north america. besnoitia tarandi is a related species and it has been reported in reindeer and caribou from different locations of the arctic pole, including north america. diagnosis of clinical besnoitiosis is largely based on the recognition of dermal grossly visible tissue cys ...201222795672
granulomatous meningoencephalitis due to toxoplasma gondii in a black-headed night monkey (aotus nigriceps).this report describes toxoplasmosis infection in a black-headed night monkey (aotus nigriceps) from the zoological park of the federal university of mato grosso, brazil. the animal was submitted alive to the veterinary hospital of the federal university of mato grosso presenting neurologic clinical signs. there were no improvements on the animal's clinical condition after treatment, so it was euthanized. at necropsy, the most significant gross lesions observed were hemorrhages diffusely scattere ...201122946380
seroprevalence of neospora caninum in dairy cattle from north-west and centre of romania.neosporosis is a disease that mainly affects cattle in both dairy and beef herds. the main definitive host of this parasite is the dog. since 1984 and its first description a large number of data were published worldwide on this parasite. in romania, the research regarding this parasite is limited. the purpose of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of neospora caninum infection in dairy cattle from six regions in north-western romania and to evaluate the intensity of infection in diff ...201122091468
an applied printing immunoassay with recombinant nc-sag1 for detection of antibodies to neospora caninum in cattle.neospora caninum is a protozoan parasite that causes an important reproductive disease in cattle. neospora caninum surface antigen 1 (nc-sag1) is an immunodominant candidate for the development of a diagnostic reagent for neosporosis. the current study describes the development and evaluation of an antigen print immunoassay (apia) with recombinant nc-sag1 for the detection of specific antibodies to n. caninum in cattle. the concordance between apia and a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent as ...201121908357
Parasite limiting macrophages promote IL-17 secretion in naive bovine CD4? T-cells during Neospora caninum infection.Neospora caninum infects bovine hosts giving rise to pro-inflammatory immune responses that can result in foetal death or spontaneous abortion, this appears to be mediated by the actions of IFN-? on cell activation and migration/trafficking. Yet successful vaccination or natural immunity is also strongly correlated with IFN-? production. We utilised in vitro infection of bovine macrophages to prime naive T-cell responses. Naive T-cells in contact with infected macrophages produce both IFN-? and ...201122005586
prevalence of neospora caninum antibodies in sheep and goats in pakistan.abstract the purpose of the present study was to obtain seroepidemiological information on the neospora caninum infection status of sheep and goats in different areas of punjab province and azad kashmir (pakistan). a cross-sectional study, using a competitive elisa showed an overall 27.7% (35 of 128) (95% ci ? 7.7%) and 8.6% (13 of 142)(95% ci ? 4.6%) seroprevalence of n. caninum antibodies in sheep and goats, respectively. the difference in seroprevalence between sheep and goat populations wa ...201121854220
Occurrence of antibodies against Neospora caninum and/or Toxoplasma gondii in dogs with neurological signs.This study aimed to evaluate occurrences of antibodies against Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in dogs with neurological signs. Blood samples from 147 dogs were collected: 127 from owned dogs (attended at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the Federal University of Paraná (HV-UFPR) and at private veterinary clinics in the city of Curitiba), and 20 from stray dogs found in Curitiba's metropolitan region. The dogs presented one or more of the following neurological signs: seizures, paresis ...201121961748
Development of a set of multiplex standard polymerase chain reaction assays for the identification of infectious agents from aborted bovine clinical samples.The current study describes the development of a set of 5 multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) assays for the simultaneous detection of abortive infection agents in bovine fetal tissues, including Brucella spp., Leptospira spp., and Campylobacter fetus (mPCR1); Hammondia heydorni, Neospora caninum, and Toxoplasma gondii (mPCR2); Coxiella burnetii and Chlamydophila psittaci (mPCR3); Mycoplasma bovis, Mycoplasma bovigenitalium, and Ureaplasma diversum (mPCR4); and Bovine viral diarrhea virus ...201121908306
Risk factors of Neospora caninum infection in dogs and cats in dairy farms in Western Thailand.The objectives of this study were to investigate the risk factors of Neospora caninum infection in dogs and cats found in dairy herds in western Thailand. A case-control study was conducted in dairy herds in three western provinces including Nakhon Pathom, Ratchaburi and Kanchanaburi. Blood samples of pets from 14 positive dairy herds and 26 herds from negative neighbouring farms which were randomly selected, in total blood samples from dogs and cats from 40 herds were collected and examined for ...201122193939
The immune enhancement of a novel soy lecithin/ß-glucans based adjuvant on native Neospora caninum tachyzoite extract vaccine in mice.Efficient, cost-effective and safe Th1-immunity-inducing vaccine formulations are paramount for achieving protection against Neospora caninum. In this study, a new adjuvant (Providean-AVEC(®)) was used in the development of a N. caninum vaccine and evaluated in a mouse model. Soluble N. caninum tachyzoite native protein extract (sNcAg) was selected as vaccine antigen based on its capacity to activate production of pro-inflammatory cytokines on dendritic cells. Vaccines containing 4 and 0.4µg of ...201122178728
serological survey of neospora caninum in small ruminants from pernambuco state, brazil.neospora caninum infection is an important cause of bovine abortion as well as neonatal mortality in goats and sheep. a serological survey for antibodies against n. caninum in goats and sheep was carried out in the municipality of ibimirim, pe, northeastern brazil. the imunnofluoresce antibody test showed that 26.6% (85/319) of the goats and 64.2% (52/81) of the sheep were positive. serologic reactivity was associated with age in goats (p < 0.01) and sheep (p > 0.05), with increasing rates in ol ...201121961757
seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum in dairy goats from romania.little information is available about the seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum infections in goats in romania and even in europe. during 2007-2010, 735 serum samples were collected from dairy goats located in 4 historical regions (crişana, maramureş, transylvania and muntenia) of romania. sera were analyzed for t. gondii and n. caninum antibodies (igg type) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using two commercial kits (chekit toxotest antibody elisa and chekit neospo ...201122177331
artinm, a d-mannose-binding lectin from artocarpus integrifolia, plays a potent adjuvant and immunostimulatory role in immunization against neospora caninum.artinm and jacalin (jac) are lectins from the jackfruit (artocarpus integrifolia) that have important role in modulation of immune responses to pathogens. neospora caninum is an apicomplexa parasite that causes neuromuscular disease in dogs and reproductive disorders in cattle, with economic impact on the livestock industry. hence, we evaluated the adjuvant effect of artinm and jac in immunization of mice against neosporosis. six c57bl/6 mouse groups were subcutaneously immunized three times at ...201122001880
prevalence of neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii antibodies in sera from camels (camelus dromedarius) in riyadh province, saudi arabia.from april to december 2010, blood samples were collected from 412 healthy camels in riyadh province, saudi arabia and used to evaluate serological screening for neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii infection by an indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat). of the 412 camels, antibodies to n. caninum were found in sixteen in titers of 1:20 and in seven in titers of 1:40 using whole n. caninum tachyzoites as ifat slide (vmrd inc., pullman, wa 99163, usa). antibodies to t. gondii were found in n ...201121980764
molecular detection of coxiella burnetii and neospora caninum in equine aborted foetuses and neonates.abortion, stillbirth and neonatal death are major causes of equine mortality and cause severe economic loss to the equine industry. the present study was based on a complete necropsy protocol associated with classical microbiological examinations and molecular biology on 407 cases of abortion, stillbirths and neonate death. based on this retrospective survey, "less common" abortive infectious agents were characterised by molecular tools in nine independent cases of abortion or neonate mortality. ...201122130310
serological survey of neospora caninum infection in cattle herds from western romania.abstract serum samples from 376 randomly selected adult cattle, from 25 farms located in 3 counties (arad, bihor, and timiş) from western romania, were sampled for neospora caninum antibodies using a commercial elisa-kit (bio k 218, bio-x diagnostics, jemelle, belgium). seroprevalence values and risk factors for neosporosis (cow age, breed, herd size, farming system, previous abortion, and number of farm dogs) were examined using a generalized linear mixed model with a binomial distribution. o ...201122150344
factors associated with infection by neospora caninum in dogs in brazil.from august 2006 to 2008, 411 dogs in northeastern brazil were evaluated for seropositivity to neospora caninum. the dogs were clinically examined, and their owners were interviewed about the conditions in which the animals were maintained in order to assess the factors associated with infection by this parasite. a serum sample was taken from each dog for serological examination in an indirect fluorescent antibody test for n. caninum. the yates' chi-square test or fisher's exact test was used to ...201122015062
clinicopathologic diagnosis of cutaneous toxoplasmosis in an angora cat.this report deals with a case of cutaneous toxoplasmosis in a 2 year-old female angora cat. cutaneous lesions were characterized by prescapular ulcers and hyperemic nodules in the skin of the inguinal and dorsosacral regions. a skin biopsy sample was collected from the lesioned area and processed for histopathologic examination and immunoperoxidase test using toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum specific antibodies. toxoplasma gondii immunopositive reactions were detected in keratinocytes and ...201121950216
immunization of female balb/c mice with neospora cyclophilin and/or ncsrs2 elicits specific antibody response and prevents against challenge infection by neospora caninum.neospora caninum is the causal agent of bovine neosporosis which results in high levels of abortion. the present study determined the protective efficacy of two neospora antigens--neospora cyclophilin (nccyp) and ncsrs2. the ability of native nccyp to upregulate mouse ifn-? was also confirmed in this study. recombinant nccyp or ncsrs2 were tested either alone or in combination and formulated with adjuvant immumax-sr and cpg. female balb/c mice (n=15) of 10-12 weeks of age were immunized s.c. twi ...201121281689
up regulation of the maternal immune response in the placenta of cattle naturally infected with neospora caninum.neospora caninum is an intracellular protozoan parasite which is a major cause of abortion in cattle worldwide. it forms persistent infections which recrudesce during pregnancy leading to foetal infection and in a proportion of cases, abortion. the mechanisms underlying abortion are not understood. in this study, recrudescence of a persistent infection in eight naturally infected cows occurred between 20 and 33 weeks of gestation. animals were killed at the time of recrudescence and parasites we ...201121283810
identification of novel rhoptry proteins in neospora caninum by lc/ms-ms analysis of subcellular fractions.apicomplexan parasites possess an apical complex that is composed of two secretory organelles recognized as micronemes and rhoptries. rhoptry contents are secreted into the parasitophorous vacuole during the host cell invasion process. several rhoptry proteins have been identified in toxoplasma gondii and seem to be involved in host-pathogen interactions and some of them are considered to be important virulence factors. only one rhoptry protein, ncrop2, has been identified and extensively charac ...201121315855
quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction assays for the sensitive detection of besnoitia besnoiti infection in cattle.bovine besnoitiosis, an economically important disease in cattle in some countries of africa and asia, is emerging in europe. the definitive host of besnoitia besnoiti, the causative agent of bovine besnoitiosis, is unknown and the transmission of the parasite is not completely understood. sensitive and quantitative dna detection methods are needed to determine whether serologically positive animals are infectious and to examine the role of vectors (e.g. haematophagous insects) in the transmissi ...201121324596
seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum infections in goats in poland.in 2007 a survey on herd-level seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum infections in goats in poland was carried out. sera were collected from all 49 breeding goat herds, scattered over the entire country, with the vast majority of them located in the western, central and northern provinces. only adult females (=12 months of age) were included in the study. a herd was recorded as infected if at least one seropositive female was detected. in each herd, simple random sampling was ...201121324599
functional activation of t cells by dendritic cells and macrophages exposed to the intracellular parasite neospora caninum.neospora caninum is an intracellular protozoan pathogen that causes abortion in cattle. we studied how the interaction between murine conventional dendritic cells or macrophages and n. caninum influences the generation of cell-mediated immunity against the parasite. we first explored the invasion and survival ability of n. caninum in dendritic cells and macrophages. we observed that protozoa rapidly invaded and proliferated into these two cell populations. we then investigated how neospora-expos ...201121329692
identification of a host cell target for the thiazolide class of broad-spectrum anti-parasitic drugs.the thiazolide nitazoxanide (ntz) and some derivatives exhibit considerable in vitro activities against a broad range of parasites, including the apicomplexans neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites. in order to identify potential molecular targets for this compound in both parasites, rm4847 was coupled to epoxy-agarose and affinity chromatography was performed. a protein of approximately 35 kda was eluted upon rm4847-affinity-chromatography from extracts of n. caninum-infected human ...201121335006
immunoblot diagnosis of infection with neospora caninum in cattle based on recombinant ncsag4 antigen.the neospora caninum (n. caninum) ncsag4 gene was subcloned into a pet-28a (+) vector and successfully expressed in escherichia coli as inclusion body, and confirmed by sds-page and western blot using anti-his monoclonal antibody. the purified protein was then purified using ni-nta affinity chromatography column and recognized by positive serum from n. caninum-infected cattle. immunoblot (ib) method based on purified recombinant ncsag4 (rncsag4) antigen to detect antibodies against n. caninum in ...201121340564
in vitro invasion efficiency and intracellular proliferation rate comprise virulence-related phenotypic traits of neospora caninum.abstract: in this study, we examined the in vitro invasion and proliferation capacities of the nc-liv and ten spanish neospora caninum isolates (nc-spain 1 h - nc-spain 10). the invasion rate was determined as the number of tachyzoites that completed their internalisation into marc-145 cells at 2, 4, and 6 h post-inoculation (pi). the proliferation rate was evaluated by determining the doubling time during the exponential proliferation period. significant differences in the invasion rates of the ...201121345202
genetic mapping identifies novel highly protective antigens for an apicomplexan parasite.apicomplexan parasites are responsible for a myriad of diseases in humans and livestock; yet despite intensive effort, development of effective sub-unit vaccines remains a long-term goal. antigenic complexity and our inability to identify protective antigens from the pool that induce response are serious challenges in the development of new vaccines. using a combination of parasite genetics and selective barriers with population-based genetic fingerprinting, we have identified that immunity agai ...201121347348
vaccination of mice with chitosan nanogel-associated recombinant ncpdi against challenge infection with neospora caninum tachyzoites.the effects of nanogel encapsulation of recombinant ncpdi (recncpdi) following vaccination of mice by intranasal or intraperitoneal routes and challenge infection with neospora caninum tachyzoites were investigated. nanogels were chitosan based, with an alginate or alginate-mannose surface. none of the mice receiving recncpdi intraperitoneal (i.p.) (without nanogels) survived, whereas intranasal (i.n.) application protected 9 of 10 mice from disease. association of recncpdi with nanogels improve ...201121226721
genetic manipulation of neospora caninum to express the bradyzoite-specific protein ncsag4 in tachyzoites.neospora caninum is an apicomplexan parasite and the aetiological agent of bovine neosporosis, one of the main causes of reproductive failure worldwide. we have generated 2 independent transgenic knock-in clones, nc-1sag4c1.1 and nc-1sag4c2.1, that express the bradyzoite stage-specific protein ncsag4 in the tachyzoite stage. these clones have similar growth rates in vitro as the wild-type (wt) strain nc-1. studies in a cerebral mouse model of infection revealed a slightly lower rate of detection ...201121232176
surgical technique, postoperative complications and outcome in 14 dogs treated for hydrocephalus by ventriculoperitoneal shunting.to report frequency and type of complications, and outcome in dogs with severe neurologic signs secondary to internal, suspected obstructive hydrocephalus treated by ventriculoperitoneal (vp) shunting.201121244441
in vitro effects of arylimidamides against besnoitia besnoiti infection in vero cells.the in vitro effects of 4 arylimidamides (db811, db786, db750 and db766) against the proliferative tachyzoite stage of the apicomplexan parasite besnoitia besnoiti were investigated. these four compounds had been shown earlier to exhibit in vitro activities in the nanomolar range against the related apicomplexans neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii. real-time-pcr was used to assess b. besnoiti intracellular proliferation in vitro. preliminary assessment by light microscopy identified db811 an ...201121349220
seroprevalence of various infectious agents in dogs with suspected acute canine polyradiculoneuritis.acute canine polyradiculoneuritis (acp) is considered to be an animal model of the acute axonal form of guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) in humans. various antecedent events have been associated with gbs, including bacterial or viral infection. the relationship between acp and previous infection requires additional attention.201121352374
neospora caninum: in vivo and in vitro treatment with artemisone.neosporosis caused by neospora caninum has global economic, clinical, and epidemiological impacts, mainly in the cattle industry. currently, there is no useful drug for treatment of neosporosis. this publication is the first to describe the significant benefits that artemisone has on neospora infections both in vitro and in vivo. artemisone is a new semi-synthetic 10-alkylamino artemisinin that is superior to other artemisinin derivatives in terms of its significantly higher antimalarial activit ...201122260899
experimental inoculation of neospora caninum in pregnant water buffalo.the aim of this study was to characterize the pathogenesis of neospora caninum in experimentally inoculated pregnant water buffalo (bubalus bubalis). twelve mediterranean female water buffaloes ranging in age from 4 to 14 years old and seronegative to n. caninum by indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat) were involved. ten females were intravenously inoculated with 10(8) tachyzoites of nc-1 strain at 70 (n=3) or 90 (n=7) days of pregnancy (dp). two control animals were inoculated with placebo ...201122244534
identification of two novel coccidian species shed by california sea lions (zalophus californianus).abstract routine fecal examination revealed novel coccidian oocysts in asymptomatic californa sea lions (zalophus californianus) in a rehabilitation facility. coccidian oocysts were observed in fecal samples collected from 15 of 410 california sea lions admitted to the marine mammal center between april 2007 and october 2009. phylogenetic analysis using the full its-1 region, partial small subunit 18s rdna sequence and the apicomplexa rpob region identified 2 distinct sequence clades, referred ...201122091999
neospora caninum: comparative gene expression profiling of neospora caninum wild type and a temperature sensitive clone.to understand the genetic basis of virulence, gene expression profiles of a temperature-sensitive clone (ncts-8, relatively avirulent) and its wild type (nc-1) of neospora caninum were characterized and compared using a high-density microarray with approximately 63,000 distinct oligonucleotides. this microarray consists of 5692 unique n. caninum sequences, including 1980 tentative consensus sequences and 3712 singleton ests from the tigr n. caninum gene index (ncgi, release 5.0). each sequence w ...201121963790
occurrence of anti-neospora caninum and anti-toxoplasma gondii igg antibodies in goats and sheep in western maranhão, brazil.neosporosis and toxoplasmosis are parasitic diseases which can cause reproductive problems in goats and sheep. the current study aimed to determine the occurrence of anti-neospora caninum and anti-toxoplasma gondii igg antibodies in goats and sheep from the districts of amarante do maranhão and buritirana, imperatriz microregion, western area of maranhão state, northeastern brazil, and to assess factors associated to infection by these etiologic agents. blood samples from 110 animals (46 goats a ...201122166386
Molecular pathology, taxonomy and epidemiology of Besnoitia species (Protozoa: Sarcocystidae).Until recently, besnoitiosis has been a neglected disease of domestic animals. Now, a geographic expansion of the causing protozoan parasite Besnoitia besnoiti in livestock has been recognized and the disease in cattle is considered emerging in Europe. Bovine besnoitiosis leads to significant economic losses by a decline in milk production, sterility, transient or permanent infertility of bulls, skin lesions and increase of mortality in affected cattle population. Phylogenetically, the Besnoitia ...201121906696
Identification of a gene cluster for cell-surface genes of the SRS superfamily in Neospora caninum and characterization of the novel SRS9 gene.SUMMARYHere we present the detection of a gene cluster for Neospora caninum surface genes, similar to the Toxoplasma gondii SRS9 locus, and the cloning and characterization of the NcSRS9 gene. PCR genome walking, using NcBSR4 gene as a framework, allows the identification, upstream NcBSR4, of 2 sequences homologous to the SRS5 and the Ubiquinol-cytochrome C reductase genes and, downstream NcBSR4, of an ORF of 1191 bp coding for a 396-amino acid polypeptide with 59% similarity to the TgSRS9 antig ...201121939586
sero-prevalence of neospora caninum and besnoitia besnoiti in south australian beef and dairy cattle.a serological survey for neospora caninum and besnoitia besnoiti was carried out in beef and dairy cattle in south australia. serum samples of dairy cattle (n=133) from 9 properties and tank milk samples from a further 122 dairy herds were tested. an additional 810 sera from beef cattle from 51 properties were also tested. testing at the individual animal level by idexx neospora x2 ab test elisa revealed a low prevalence of n. caninum antibodies of only 2.7% (95% ci; 1.6-3.7%) sera positive, as ...201122138306
Potential involvement of Neospora caninum in naturally occurring ovine abortions in New Zealand.Neospora caninum is an obligate intracellular parasite and is recognised as the leading cause of bovine abortion worldwide. Natural infection with N. caninum has been described in sheep but it has generally not been regarded as a significant cause of abortion. Recently, there have been several New Zealand cases of foetal abortions where N. caninum was detected which strongly suggested the involvement of Neospora in these abortions. However, there is minimal information about the prevalence of N. ...201122112976
seroprevalence of neospora caninum infection on dairy cattle in farms from southern romania.abstract neospora caninum, a coccidian parasite closely related to toxoplasma gondii, is one of the major causes of abortion in cattle worldwide. conventional serological techniques, such as indirect fluorescent antibody test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), are routinely used in adult animals and aborted fetuses for the detection of anti-n. caninum antibodies. in romania, infection with n. caninum in cattle has been reported recently, but only in limited areas from the north and ...201121955278
neospora caninum in bovine fetuses of minas gerais, brazil: genetic characteristics of rdna.neosporosis is an important cause of abortion in cattle and information on their genetics and host parasite relationships are desirable. neospora caninum samples obtained from 24 bovine fetuses from minas gerais, were genetically analyzed in part of the rdna region, coding for rrnas. previously, brain, heart, liver, skeletal muscle, lung, kidney, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, ovary or testis, uterus and skin of the ear were analyzed by conventional histopathology and immunohistochemistry. of thes ...201122166381
neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii in brain tissue of feral rodents and insectivores caught on farms in the netherlands.we investigated the presence of both neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii in 250 brain tissue samples from 9 species of feral rodents and insectivores caught on 10 organic farms in the netherlands in 2004. collected samples were conserved in 4% paraformaldehyde solution and analysed by real-time pcr. for n. caninum, 31 samples originating from 6 species tested positive (12.4%): common shrews (33.3%), wood mice (17.6%), harvest mice (16.7%), house mice (15.4%), white-toothed shrews (10.8%) and ...201121958437
prevalence and risk factors of giardia duodenalis in dogs from romania.the protozoan giardia duodenalis is a mammalian-infecting parasite that produces diarrhoea and malabsorption in its hosts. a survey to investigate canine infections with g. duodenalis in romania was undertaken between june 2008 and december 2009. the objectives of the study were to (i) estimate the prevalence of infection in different dog populations (kennels, shelters, shepherd, household) using microscopy and a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) test kit; (ii) to ...201121899952
a study of some infectious causes of reproductive disorders in cattle owned by resource-poor farmers in gauteng province, south africa.two hundred and thirty-nine cattle from gauteng province in south africa were tested for various pathogens causing reproductive diseases includingbovine viral diarrhoea/mucosal disease (bvd/md) virus, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis/infectious pustular vulvovaginitis (ibr/ipv) virus, neospora caninum and brucella abortus usingvarious tests. for bvd/md virus, 49.37% tested positive, 74.47% for ibr/ipv virus, 8.96% for neospora caninum and 3.8% for brucella abortus. the result for brucella abort ...201122616434
seroprevalence of neospora spp. in horses in south of iran.neospora caninum, an apicomplexan protozoan parasite, is recognized as a major cause of abortion in cattle. however, limited information is presently available on the seroprevalence of neospora antibodies in horses worldwide. the aim of the present study is to determine serological prevalence of neospora infection in horses in iran. blood samples were obtained from 200 horses and tested for serum antibodies against neospora spp. by the neospora modified direct agglutination test (n-mat). antibod ...201122433879
seroprevalence of neospora caninum infection in dairy cattle in tabriz, northwest iran.the aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of antibody to neospora caninum in healthy and aborted dairy cattle in tabriz, capital of east-azarbaijan in northwest of iran.201122347319
seroprevalence of neospora spp. in horses in north east of iran.neospora caninum, an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite, is recognized as a major cause of abortion in cattle, while limited information is presently available on the seroprevalence of neospora antibodies in horses' worldwide. the aim of the present study was to determine serologic prevalence of neospora infection in horses in iran.201122347290
neospora caninum and leishmania infantum co-infection in domestic dogs (canis familiaris) in meshkin-shahr district, northwestern iran.mediterranean visceral leishmaniasis (mvl) is an infectious disease that affects both human and animals. domestic dogs (canis familiaris) are principal reservoir hosts of mvl caused by leishmania infantum. dogs are definitive hosts for neospora caninum and a risk factor for infecting intermediate hosts. the immunosuppression caused by visceral leishmaniasis (vl) can promote the occurrence of co-infections with other agents such as neosporosis. this study aimed to determine the frequency of co-in ...201122808419
oocysts and high seroprevalence of neospora caninum in dogs living in remote aboriginal communities and wild dogs in australia.canines are definitive hosts of neospora caninum (apicomplexa). for horizontal transmission from canines to occur, viable oocysts of n. caninum must occur in the environment of susceptible intermediate hosts. canids in australia include wild dogs and aboriginal community dogs. wild dogs are those dogs that are not dependent on humans for survival and consist of the dingo, feral domestic dog and their hybrid genotypes. aboriginal community dogs are dependent on humans, domesticated and owned by a ...201122245069
vaccines against a major cause of abortion in cattle, neospora caninum infection.neosporosis, caused by the apicomplexan parasite neospora caninum, represents one of the economically most important causes of abortion in cattle. during pregnancy, the parasite infects the placental tissue and the fetus, which can lead to stillbirth, abortion, or birth of weak calves. alternatively, calves are born without clinical symptoms, but they can carry over the parasite to the next generation. in addition, n. caninum causes neuromuscular disease in dogs. the economic importance of neosp ...201126486502
implications of wild dog ecology on the sylvatic and domestic life cycle of neospora caninum in australia.neospora caninum is transmitted either transplacentally or horizontally by ingestion of tissue cysts present in tissues or oocysts shed by dogs. neosporosis is a significant disease, causing cattle abortion at 5-7 months of pregnancy. infected cows may remain infective for life transmitting the infection in several consecutive or non-consecutive pregnancies. a great deal is known about the epidemiology of neosporosis, although only limited information is available on the main routes of horizonta ...201120400345
validation of an elisa method for the serological diagnosis of canine brucellosis due to brucella canis.in the present study, the validation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for serodiagnosis of canine brucellosis is described. two different antigenic extracts, obtained by heat or ultrasonic homogenization of microbial antigens from a wild isolate of brucella canis bacteria, were compared by elisa and western blot (wb). a total of 145 canine sera were used to define sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the elisa as follows: (1) sera from 34 animals with natural b. canis infectio ...201120692004
transplacental transmission in cattle: is toxoplasma gondii less potent than neospora caninum?we compared the transplacental-transmission ability of toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum in cattle. one uninfected pregnant heifer served as control, while three were inoculated with n. caninum k9wa strain and four with t. gondii rh strain at their midgestational period. both infected groups showed clinical signs and antibodies either to n. caninum or t. gondii, while the control animal was normal. two (50%) toxoplasma dams aborted on days 6 and 11 postinoculation. t. gondii tachyzoites wer ...201121203773
shedding of neospora caninum oocysts by dogs fed different tissues from naturally infected cattle.neospora caninum is one of the most important causes of abortion in dairy cattle worldwide. the distribution of n. caninum in tissues of adult cattle is unknown and the parasite has not been demonstrated histologically in tissues of cows. in the present study the distribution of n. caninum in different tissues of adult cattle was evaluated by bioassays in dogs. seventeen dogs (2-3 month-old) were fed different tissues of 4 naturally exposed adult cattle (indirect fluorescent antibody test n. can ...201121450407
identification of the cross-reactive and species-specific antigens between neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites by a proteomics approach.the characterization of the cross-reactive and species-specific antigens of neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii is important in the exploration to determine the common mechanisms of parasite-host interaction and to improve the serological diagnosis; it is also useful for the selection of the cross-reactive antigens that could be used in the development of vaccines or drugs for controlling the diseases caused by these two parasites. in this study, cross-reactive and species-specific antigens b ...201121461729
[studies on the role of the red fox (vulpes vulpes) as a potential definitive host of neospora caninum].neospora (n.) caninum is a protozoan parasite which is regarded as a major cause of abortion in cattle. dogs and coyotes are definitive hosts of n. caninum which may shed environmentally resistant stages, oocysts, in their feces. epidemiological studies in germany showed that the presence of dogs increased the risk of a bovine herd to be n. caninum-positive in a bulk-milk elisa test. however, there were also n. caninum-positive herds where dogs were not kept together with cattle.this leads to th ...201121465771
serum response factor regulates immediate early host gene expression in toxoplasma gondii-infected host cells.toxoplasma gondii is a wide spread pathogen that can cause severe and even fatal disease in fetuses and immune-compromised hosts. as an obligate intracellular parasite, toxoplasma must alter the environment of its host cell in order to establish its replicative niche. this is accomplished, in part, by secretion of factors into the host cell that act to modulate processes such as transcription. previous studies demonstrated that genes encoding transcription factors such as c-jun, junb, egr1, and ...201121479245
identification of novel proteins in neospora caninum using an organelle purification and monoclonal antibody approach.neospora caninum is an important veterinary pathogen that causes abortion in cattle and neuromuscular disease in dogs. neospora has also generated substantial interest because it is an extremely close relative of the human pathogen toxoplasma gondii, yet does not appear to infect humans. while for toxoplasma there are a wide array of molecular tools and reagents available for experimental investigation, relatively few reagents exist for neospora. to investigate the unique biological features of ...201121483743
discovery of three novel coccidian parasites infecting california sea lions (zalophus californianus) with evidence of sexual replication and interspecies pathogenicity.abstract enteric protozoal infection was identified in 5 stranded california sea lions (zalophus californianus). microscopically, the apical cytoplasm of distal jejunal enterocytes contained multiple stages of coccidian parasites, including schizonts with merozoites and spherical gametocytes, morphologically similar to coccidian parasites. by histopathology, organisms appeared to be confined to the intestine and accompanied by only mild enteritis. using electron microscopy, both sexual (microgam ...201121495828
serological response of cats to experimental besnoitia darlingi and besnoitia neotomofelis infections and prevalence of antibodies to these parasites in cats from virginia and pennsylvania.abstract besnoitia darlingi and besnoitia neotomofelis are cyst-forming tissue apicomplexan parasites that use domestic cats ( felis domesticus ) as definitive hosts and opossums ( didelphis virginiana ) and southern plains woodrats ( neotoma micropus ) as intermediate hosts, respectively. nothing is known about the prevalence of b. darlingi or b. neotomofelis in cats from the united states. besnoitia darlingi infections have been reported in naturally infected opossums from many states in the u ...201121506782
seroprevalence of neospora caninum and brucella abortus among dairy cattle herds with high abortion rates.abstract the protozoon neospora caninum and the bacterium brucella abortus are well recognized abortifacients in dairy cattle. serum samples (n = 240) from aborting (n = 141) and at risk (n = 99) animals from 5 herds with high abortion rates in punjab province, pakistan were tested for antibodies to n. caninum using monoclonal antibody based competitive elisa and to b. abortus using the serum agglutination test. antibodies to n. caninum and b. abortus were detected in 105 (43.8 %) and 135 (56.3% ...201121506829
seroprevalence of neospora caninum in dairy buffaloes in lahore district, pakistan.abstract seroprevalence of neospora caninum in dairy buffaloes ( bubalus bubalis ) was assessed in the lahore district of punjab province, pakistan. the study revealed an overall prevalence of 54.7% for n. caninum antibodies determined through a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay performed on randomly collected serum samples. the highest prevalence was observed in buffaloes >3-5 yr of age (64.1%), followed by 57.9% for 5 to 6 yr olds, and 55.8% in 1-yr-old neonates, with high probabil ...201121506867
coxiella burnetii seropositivity is highly stable throughout gestation in lactating high-producing dairy cows.the aims of this study were to analyse, in high-producing dairy cows, plasma coxiella burnetii antibody titres and seroconversion throughout gestation, along with possible factors affecting such titres. the study was performed on 65 lactating pregnant non-aborting animals in a commercial holstein-friesian dairy herd in northeastern spain. blood samples for antibody determinations were collected on days 40, 90, 120, 150, 180 and 210 of gestation. by general linear model (glm) repeated measures an ...201121507080
dna barcoding identifies eimeria species and contributes to the phylogenetics of coccidian parasites (eimeriorina, apicomplexa, alveolata).partial (∼780bp) mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit i (coi) and near complete nuclear 18s rdna (∼1,780bp) sequences were directly compared to assess their relative usefulness as markers for species identification and phylogenetic analysis of coccidian parasites (phylum apicomplexa). fifteen new coi partial sequences were obtained using two pairs of new primers from rigorously characterised (sensu reid and long, 1979) laboratory strains of seven eimeria spp. infecting chickens as well as ...201121515277
seroepidemiology of toxoplasma gondii, neospora caninum, and leishmania spp. infections and risk factors for cats from brazil.the seroprevalence of infection by toxoplasma gondii, neospora caninum, and leishmania spp. was detected through an indirect immunofluorescence in 70 cats from the andradina municipality, são paulo state, brazil. anti-t. gondii antibodies (titer >64) were detected in 15.7% (11/70) of animals, whereas positivity for n. caninum (titer 16) was not observed in any animal. of the cats from urban and rural areas, 10.4% (5/48) and 27.2% (6/22) were positive for t. gondii, respectively. breed, age, food ...201121626423
extensive production of neospora caninum tissue cysts in a carnivorous marsupial succumbing to experimental neosporosis.abstract: experimental infections of sminthopsis crassicaudata, the fat-tailed dunnart, a carnivorous marsupial widely distributed throughout the arid and semi-arid zones of australia, show that this species can act as an intermediate host for neospora caninum. in contrast to existing models that develop relatively few n. caninum cysts, dunnarts offer a new animal model where active neosporosis is dominated by tissue cyst production. the results provide evidence for a sylvatic life cycle of n. c ...201121635733
gray wolf (canis lupus) is a natural definitive host for neospora caninum.the gray wolf (canis lupus) was found to be a new natural definitive host for neospora caninum. neospora-like oocysts were found microscopically in the feces of three of 73 wolves from minnesota examined at necropsy. n. caninum-specific dna was amplified from the oocysts of all three wolves. oocysts from one wolf were infective for the gamma interferon gene knock out (ko) mice. viable n. caninum (designated ncwolfus1) was isolated in cell cultures seeded with tissue homogenate from the infected ...201121640485
high seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum in the common raven (corvus corax) in the northeast of spain.in recent years, multiple cases of aggressive behavior of common ravens (corvus corax) have been reported by farmers in catalonia (ne spain), including attacking of newborn animals and consumption of dead foetuses. in the present study, seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum was determined from 113 legally trapped and released common ravens. t. gondii antibodies were found in 91 (80.5%; ci 95%:72-87) of 113 sera tested by the modified agglutination test. antibodies to n. caninu ...201121645913
anti-neospora caninum antibodies in milk in relation to production losses in dairy cattle.a comprehensive field study was carried out with the following objectives: (a) to assess the usefulness of individual and bulk tank milk analysis for determining neospora caninum serostatus in individual cows and herds, and (b) to study the associations between n. caninum infection status (based on milk testing), and several productive and reproductive parameters in the animals. antibodies were detected with a commercially available elisa test (bio k 192/5). analysis of paired serum and milk sam ...201121645937
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