| interaction of nosema pyrausta and temperature on ostrinia nubilalis egg production and hatch. | nosema pyrausta is an obligate pathogen causing reduced fecundity and longevity of ostrinia nubilalis. this study was conducted to determine the combined effects of n. pyrausta infection and temperature on o. nubilalis egg production and hatch. n. pyrausta-infected and noninfected o. nubilalis were maintained in two different temperature regimes. the first regime allowed females to oviposit under optimum conditions (27 degrees c, 65% rh, 16:8 (l:d)), while females in the second regime were held ... | 2001 | 12009801 |
| survival of kansas dipel-resistant european corn borer (lepidoptera: crambidae) on bt and non-bt corn hybrids. | the kansas dipel-resistant and susceptible european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner), were evaluated in the greenhouse on different bt transgenic events expressed in corn hybrids. there were important differences in the resistance offered by the different bt event corn hybrids. hybrid comparison tests indicate that these dipel-resistant first-instar european corn borer were not able to survive to adulthood on whorl-stage mon810, bt11, or 176 bt event corn plants. third instars did not sur ... | 2002 | 12076009 |
| preparation and biological assessment of hydroxycinnamic acid amides of polyamines. | many plants contain hydroxycinnamic acid conjugates of polyamines that are remarkably similar in general structure to the acylated polyamines found in spider and wasp toxins. in an effort to determine whether these compounds might play a role in the chemical defense of plants against arthropod pests we synthesized a variety of analogues of the coumaric (4-hydroxycinnamic) acid conjugates of di-, tri-, and tetraamines using common protection and acylation strategies. n(1)- and n(8)-coumaroyl sper ... | 2003 | 12737981 |
| a specific real-time quantitative pcr detection system for event mon810 in maize yieldgard based on the 3'-transgene integration sequence. | the increasing presence of transgenic plant derivatives in a wide range of animal and human consumables has provoked in western europe a strong demand for appropriate detection methods to evaluate the existence of transgenic elements. among the different techniques currently used, the real-time quantitative pcr is a powerful technology well adapted to the mandatory labeling requirements in the european union (eu). the use of transgene flanking genomic sequences has recently been suggested as a m ... | 2003 | 12739886 |
| frequency of alleles conferring resistance to bt maize in french and us corn belt populations of the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis. | farmers, industry, governments and environmental groups agree that it would be useful to manage transgenic crops producing insecticidal proteins to delay the evolution of resistance in target pests. the main strategy proposed for delaying resistance to bacillus thuringiensis ( bt) toxins in transgenic crops is the high-dose/refuge strategy. this strategy is based on the unverified assumption that resistance alleles are initially rare (<10(-3)). we used an f(2) screen on >1,200 isofemale lines of ... | 2003 | 12748773 |
| biotechnology and the european corn borer: measuring historical farmer perceptions and adoption of transgenic bt corn as a pest management strategy. | a 3-yr, multi-state survey of farmers who had planted transgenic bacillus thuringiensis (bt) corn was conducted to evaluate perceptions of bt corn performance and its utility as a management option for european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner). a questionnaire was sent to farmers in illinois, iowa, kansas, minnesota, nebraska, and pennsylvania who had grown bt corn during the growing seasons of 1996, 1997, or 1998. there were 7,427 usable questionnaires returned with the following respons ... | 2002 | 12403412 |
| insect resistance to transgenic bt crops: lessons from the laboratory and field. | transgenic crops that produce insecticidal toxins from the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis (bt) grew on >62 million ha worldwide from 1996 to 2002. despite expectations that pests would rapidly evolve resistance to such bt crops, increases in the frequency of resistance caused by exposure to bt crops in the field have not yet been documented. in laboratory and greenhouse tests, however, at least seven resistant laboratory strains of three pests (plutella xylostella [l.], pectinophora gossypiell ... | 2003 | 14503572 |
| taste detection of phytoecdysteroids in larvae of bombyx mori, spodoptera littoralis and ostrinia nubilalis. | a number of plants produce significant amounts of phytoecdysteroids that can disrupt the hormonal levels of insects feeding upon them. insects equipped with taste receptors sensitive to phytoecdysteroids are able to avoid such plants. how common is this strategy? by recording from the lateral and medial sensilla styloconica in two polyphagous species (ostrinia nubilalis and spodoptera littoralis) and in a monophagous species (bombyx mori), we tested whether the receptors could detect three commo ... | 2002 | 12770096 |
| reproductive performance and longevity of female european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis: effects of multiple mating, delay in mating, and adult feeding. | in a recent study on the pheromone-mating disruption of the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (lepidoptera: crambidae), we recorded a significant reduction in mating frequency, as well as a marked delay in mating in feral females captured in disruptant-treated fields. in order to be able to accurately interpret the results in terms of effective population control, the current study was undertaken on the effects of multiple matings and a delay in mating on reproductive performance. female o ... | 1999 | 12770364 |
| effect of sequential applications of foliar nutrients, biofertilizers and sowing dates on the incidence of corn stem borers in egypt. | in this study either early sown (may 1st) or lately sown (june 2nd) corn plants were treated with phosphorin & rhizobactrin as biofertilizers and sprayed with six selected foliar nutrients, i.e. polymex; greenzit sp100, greenzit npk, potasin-f, copper sulphate and ascorbic acid; in mono-, bi-, and/or tri-sequential applications. such practices were conducted to show their beneficial effects compared with the chemical treatment in checking the incidence of the stem borers and hence increasing the ... | 2002 | 12696416 |
| nutrition of the european corn borer, pyrausta nubilalis (hbn.). ii. some effects of diet on larval growth characteristics. | | 1950 | 14786055 |
| observations on perezia pyraustae paillot, a microsporidian parasite of the european corn borer. | | 1952 | 14928152 |
| effects of feeding silage and grain from glyphosate-tolerant or insect-protected corn hybrids on feed intake, ruminal digestion, and milk production in dairy cattle. | lactating dairy cows were used to determine effects of feeding glyphosate-tolerant or insect-protected corn hybrids on feed intake, milk production, milk composition, and ruminal digestibility. corn resistant to european corn borer (ostrinia nubilalis) infestation (bt-mon810), or its nontransgenic control (bt-con), were planted in alternating fields during two successive years. one-half of each strip was harvested for whole plant corn silage and the remainder was allowed to mature and harvested ... | 2003 | 12778588 |
| regulation of bt crops in canada. | the canadian food inspection agency (cfia) regulates environmental releases of plants with novel traits, which include transgenic plants such as bt crops. bt crops are regulated in canada because they express insect resistance novel to their species. commercialization of crops with novel traits such as the production of insecticidal bt proteins requires an approval for environmental release, as well as approvals for use as feed and food. environmental factors such as potential impacts on non-tar ... | 2003 | 12788275 |
| odor discrimination using insect electroantennogram responses from an insect antennal array. | insects have a highly developed olfactory sensory system, mainly based in their antennae, for the detection and discrimination of volatile compounds in the environment. electroantennogram (eag) response profiles of five different insect species, drosophila melanogaster, heliothis virescens, helicoverpa zea, ostrinia nubilalis and microplitis croceipes, showed different, species-specific eag response spectra to 20 volatile compounds tested. the eag response profiles were then reconstructed for ea ... | 2002 | 12006374 |
| corn earworm, helicoverpa zea (lepidoptera: noctuidae) and other insect associated resistance in the maize inbred tex6. | a 2-yr field and laboratory study investigated insect resistance of the maize, zea mays l., inbred tex6, which has previously demonstrated resistance to aspergillus ear rot and aflatoxin production, relative to susceptible inbred b73. field studies indicated significantly greater resistance to insect feeding of v4-v8 growth stage tex6 plants compared with b73 plants in both years, primarily to flea beetles (chaetonema spp.). field studies of natural (1999) and artificial (2000) infestations of c ... | 2002 | 12076011 |
| modeling the development of resistance by stalk-boring lepidopteran insects (crambidae) in areas with transgenic corn and frequent insecticide use. | we simulated the population dynamics and population genetics of two bivoltine species of corn borers, the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner), and the southwestern corn borer, diatraea grandiosella dyar, in a hypothetical region of irrigated transgenic and nontransgenic corn where insecticide was applied only to the nontransgenic refuge crop. over the 100-yr time horizon, resistance developed quickly in both species and to both transgenic corn and the insecticide when the allele for ... | 2002 | 12403431 |
| economic analysis of planting dates to manage european corn borer (lepidoptera: crambidae) with bt corn. | planting dates of transgenic bacillus thuringiensis berliner (bt) corn were adjusted to determine the utility in managing european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner). transgenic bt (events 176 and bt11) corn and non-bt corn were planted at three different times to use the early- and late- planted corn as a potential trap crop for ovipositing european corn borer moths. grain moisture and yields were recorded to determine the economic benefits of bt corn planted on the different dates, based ... | 2003 | 12852640 |
| inheritance of an oviposition behavior by an egg parasitoid. | a quantitative genetic study revealed genetic and environmental sources of variance in percentage parasitism of european corn borer egg masses and secondary sex ratios by trichogramma nubilale. full and half-sib groups of t. nubilale were obtained from a nested mating design, which permitted the partitioning of the variance of t. nubilale parasitism of european corn borer egg masses into additive genetic variance, maternal/dominant variance and environmental variance. a mother-daughter regressio ... | 2002 | 12180085 |
| in vivo and in vitro metabolism of fipronil by larvae of the european corn borer ostrinia nubilalis. | in vivo and in vitro metabolism of [14c]fipronil was examined in a susceptible european corn borer (ostrinia nubilalis, hübner) laboratory strain. [14c]fipronil penetrated the larval integument slowly, with 71.5% of the applied radioactivity recovered from surface rinses 24 h after topical application. despite this slow penetration, radioactivity was detected in both the excrement and internal organo-soluble fractions. radioactivity in the internal aqueous fraction and tissue pellet accounted fo ... | 2002 | 12192904 |
| rapid degradation of the cry1f insecticidal crystal protein in soil. | the gene for the core cry1f insecticidal crystal protein (icp) from bacillus thuringiensis berliner (bt) has been incorporated into the genome of maize plants, zea mays l. plants expressing this icp are protected from attack by various lepidopteran pests including the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner). the stability of the cry1f icp in soil was assessed in a laboratory study designed to determine the persistence of the active protein residue in soil over time, using insect bioassa ... | 2002 | 12428962 |
| a chimeric ecdysone receptor facilitates methoxyfenozide-dependent restoration of male fertility in ms45 maize. | a mutation in the maize ms45 gene results in abortion of microspore development and a male-sterile phenotype. ms45 protein has been localized to the tapetum and maximally expressed in anthers at the early vacuolate stage of microspore development. molecular complementation analysis determined that a transformed copy of the gene fully restored fertility to ms45 maize. in this report, using phenotypic complementation as an assay, chimeric transcriptional activators were expressed to regulate a gal ... | 2002 | 12437077 |
| the role of some agricultural practices and fertilizer type on both the incidence of stem borers infestation and corn yield in egypt. | maize, zea mays, l. is one of the most important field crops in egypt. it is used mainly for human, animal and poultry feeding. corn plants are usually attacked by several injourious insect pests at different stages of development. out of them, the pink stem borer, sesamia cretica (led.), the purple lined borer, chilo agamemnon (bles.), and the european corn borer ostrinia nubilalis (hb.); which cause great damage and yield losses. it is profitable to adopt an effective and sustainable strategy ... | 2002 | 12696425 |
| host-plant-associated genetic differentiation in northern french populations of the european corn borer. | the phytophagous insects that damage crops are often polyphagous, feeding on several types of crop and on weeds. the refuges constituted by noncrop host plants may be useful in managing the evolution in pest species of resistance to the bacillus thuringiensis toxins produced by transgenic crops. however, the benefits of these refuges may be limited because host-plant diversity may drive genetic divergence and possibly even host-plant-mediated sympatric speciation. the european corn borer, ostrin ... | 2003 | 12634820 |
| genetic isolation between two sympatric host-plant races of the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis hübner. i. sex pheromone, moth emergence timing, and parasitism. | adaptation to different environments may be a powerful source of genetic differentiation between populations. the biological traits selected in each environment can pleiotropically induce assortative mating between individuals of these genetically differentiated populations. this situation may facilitate sympatric speciation. successful host shifts in phytophagous insects provide some of the best evidence for the ecological speciation that occurs, or has occurred, in sympatry. the european corn ... | 2003 | 12683523 |
| transgenic bacillus thuringiensis corn hybrid performance against univoltine ecotype european corn borer (lepidoptera: crambidae) in south dakota. | the performances of bt-corn hybrids against univoltine ecotype european corn borer larvae were evaluated in south dakota from 1997 to 1999. the corn hybrids were exposed to natural seasonal fluctuations of a univoltine ecotype european corn borer population. larval injury parameters, grain yields, and gross incomes were quantified during the 3-yr study. in general, the bt-corn hybrids had significantly higher yields than the untreated non-bt isolines in 1997 and 1998 when corn borer pressures we ... | 2003 | 12852642 |
| interactions between nosema pyrausta (microsporidia: nosematidae) and bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki in the european corn borer (lepidoptera: pyralidae). | larval susceptibility to bacillus thuringiensis was determined for nosema pyrausta-infected and uninfected european corn borers, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner), in bioassays using a commercial formulation of b. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki, dipel es, incorporated into diet. lc50 values for n. pyrausta-infected larvae were significantly lower (p<0.0001) than for uninfected larvae and declined with increasing levels of infection. lc50 values for a 15-d bioassay using field-colony first instars were ... | 2001 | 11777037 |
| molecular genetics and evolution of pheromone biosynthesis in lepidoptera. | a great diversity of pheromone structures are used by moth species (insecta: lepidoptera) for long-distance mating signals. the signal/response channel seems to be narrow for each species, and a major conundrum is how signal divergence has occurred in the face of strong selection pressures against small changes in the signal. observations of various closely related and morphologically similar species that use pheromone components biosynthesized by different enzymes and biosynthetic routes unders ... | 2003 | 12876197 |
| cross-resistance of cry1ab-selected ostrinia nubilalis (lepidoptera: crambidae) to bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxins. | corn plants expressing the toxin from bacillus thuringiensis (berliner) have proven to be effective in controlling lepidopteran pests such as the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) (lepidoptera: crambidae). several bt toxins are being tested and incorporated into crop genomes, although tests for cross-resistance among different toxins have been limited by a lack of resistant colonies. four different colonies of o. nubilalis selected with full-length cry1ab incorporated into artific ... | 2004 | 15279290 |
| reliable detection and identification of genetically modified maize, soybean, and canola by multiplex pcr analysis. | multiplex pcr procedures were developed for simultaneously detecting multiple target sequences in genetically modified (gm) soybean (roundup ready), maize (event 176, bt11, mon810, t14/25), and canola (gt73, hcn92/28, ms8/rf3, oxy 235). internal control targets (invertase gene in corn, lectin and beta-actin genes in soybean, and cruciferin gene in canola) were included as appropriate to assess the efficiency of all reactions, thereby eliminating any false negatives. primer combinations that allo ... | 2003 | 13129280 |
| hormonal activation of the insect brain. | a new endocrine function has been shown to play a role in insect morphogenesis. the hormone named proctodone is secreted by specialized cells of the hindgut and appears to affect the brain, resulting in the activation of the brain hormone-producing system. proctodone has been found in two lepidopterous species-ostrinia nubilalis and galleria mellonella. in the o. nubilalis, proctodone plays a part in both photoperiodism and diapause. | 1964 | 14080315 |
| proctodone production in the european corn border, ostrinia nubilalis. | | 1965 | 14330762 |
| use of solid state fermentation to produce beauveria bassiana for the biological control of european corn borer. | the production process of a new bioinsecticide against european corn borer is described. the entomopathogenic fungus, beauveria bassiana, is cultivated by solid state fermentation (ssf). the culture support chosen, clay microgranules, humidified with optimal nutritive solution, is incubated in optimal conditions during 48 hours, then dried for 5 days. the bioinsecticide can be directly used after harvesting, without formulation. this process is original for several reasons : - the granulometry ( ... | 1993 | 14545678 |
| frequency of resistance to bacillus thuringiensis toxin cry1ab in an iowa population of european corn borer (lepidoptera: crambidae). | the refuge plus high-dose strategy for resistance management assumes that the frequency of resistance alleles is low. we used an f2 screen to estimate the frequency of resistance to transgenic corn that produces bacillus thuringiensis berliner cry1ab toxin (bt corn) in an iowa population of european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner). we also proposed a modification to the statistical analysis of the f2 screen that extends its application for nonuniform prior distributions and for repeated ... | 2000 | 14658507 |
| role of antioxidant defense during different stages of preadult life cycle in european corn borer (ostrinia nubilalis, hubn.): diapause and metamorphosis. | antioxidant enzymes, total glutathione (gsh), and ascorbic acid (asa) were determined in whole body homogenates of nondiapausing larvae, diapausing larvae during the diapausing period (october, december, and february), and in pupae emerged from both diapausing and nondiapausing larvae of the european corn borer (ostrinia nubilalis, hubn., lepidoptera: pyralidae). the activities of catalase, selenium nondependent glutathione peroxidase (gpx), and glutathione-s-transferase (gst), as well as the co ... | 2004 | 14745825 |
| evaluation of oils and microbial pathogens for control of lepidopteran pests of sweet corn in new england. | vegetable and mineral oil, beauveria bassiana (balsamo) and bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki berliner were evaluated for control of ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) (lepidoptera: pyralidae), helicoverpa zea (boddie) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) and spodoptera frugiperda (j. e. smith) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) in sweet corn (zea mays l.). field experiments in maine and massachusetts during 1993 and 1994 evaluated oils and pathogens singly or in combinations, using a single application directly to the ... | 2003 | 14977100 |
| predatory fauna in cornfields and response to imidacloprid seed treatment. | the composition and abundance of predatory fauna in corn, zea mays l., were studied by field visual sampling and pitfall traps over a 5-yr period. in visual samplings, the most abundant groups were araneae, heteroptera, carabidae, coccinellidae, and staphylinidae, whereas the prevalent predators caught in pitfall traps belonged to carabidae, araneae, dermaptera, and opilionidae. the most abundant species or genera in the prevalent groups, except in arachnida, were identified. application of the ... | 2003 | 14977119 |
| millet preference, effects of planting date on infestation, and adult and larval use of proso millet by ostrinia nubilalis (lepidoptera: crambidae). | the interaction between millet and european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner), was investigated to gain insight into whether millet could serve as a refuge or trap crop for o. nubilalis management. in 1995, 1996, and 1999, millet selection studies were conducted in north dakota and new york with four millet species. proso millet, panicum milliaceum l., had the highest infestation and widest distribution of o. nubilalis developmental stages, indicating the presence of both univoltine and bi ... | 2003 | 14994802 |
| infestation of european corn borer (lepidoptera: crambidae) in sweet corn as predicted by time of oviposition. | oviposition by european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis hübn, was examined in relation to sweet corn development from 1994 to 1996, and related to harvest infestation levels. stepwise multiple regression and linear regression showed that 79-87% of the variability of larvae per ear or proportion of ears infested at harvest was explained by the number of egg masses laid from about anthesis to brown silk stages. the analyses indicated three periods of oviposition with differing implications to harve ... | 2003 | 14994809 |
| evaluation of thiamethoxam and imidacloprid as seed treatments to control european corn borer and indianmeal moth (lepidoptera: pyralidae) larvae. | efficacy of thiamethoxam (cruiser) and imidacloprid (gaucho) were evaluated as seed treatments for controlling european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) and indianmeal moth, plodia interpunctella (hübner) larvae in stored grain. at approximately 22-26 degrees c, all fifth instar european corn borers died after two or 4 d of exposure to corn treated with 250 and 500 ppm thiamethoxam, respectively, while mortality of larvae exposed for two and 4 d on corn treated with 6.3-937.5 ppm imidaclo ... | 2003 | 14994821 |
| mean generation analysis of the damage caused by sesamia nonagrioides (lepidoptera: noctuidae) and ostrinia nubilalis (lepidoptera: crambidae) in sweet corn ears. | sesamia nonagrioides (lefebvre) and ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) are the main maize (zea mays l.) pests in mediterranean countries. to develop insect-resistant cultivars, it is helpful to know the genetic control of the resistance. our objective was to determine the genetic control of the resistance to both borers. for each of two crosses (ep59 x p51 and 15125 x ep61), six generations were evaluated (p1, p2, f1, f2, bc1, and bc2). genetic effects x environment interactions were not significant. f ... | 2004 | 14998135 |
| qtl mapping for european corn borer resistance ( ostrinia nubilalis hb.), agronomic and forage quality traits of testcross progenies in early-maturing european maize ( zea mays l.) germplasm. | in hybrid breeding the performance of lines in hybrid combinations is more important than their performance per se. little information is available on the correlation between individual line and testcross (tc) performances for the resistance to european corn borer (ecb, ostrinia nubilalis hb.) in maize ( zea mays l.). marker assisted selection (mas) will be successful only if quantitative trait loci (qtl) found in f(2) derived lines for ecb resistance are still expressed in hybrid combinations. ... | 2004 | 15014876 |
| comparative analysis of the production of insecticidal and melanizing macromolecules by strains of beauveria spp.: in vivo studies. | eleven strains of beauveria bassiana, and a further five species of beauveria sp., were tested by injection of 8x10(2) conidia into the haemocoel of the larvae of the lepidopteran galleria mellonella with the aim of analysing their toxin producing activity in vivo. although the virulent strains killed 100% of the insects at slightly different rates (4-6 days) there were significant differences in the pattern and intensity of host melanization caused by isolates. the majority of the isolates of b ... | 2004 | 15109898 |
| host-plant specialization in pheromone strains of the european corn borer ostrinia nubilalis in france. | european corn borer (ecb) feeding on maize (zea mais), mugwort (artemisia vulgaris), and hop (humulus lupulus) are genetically different in france and referred to as host-plant races. here, we investigated sex pheromone composition as a possible trait linked to the host plant. ecb host races were sampled from 13 different sites in france. gc-ms analysis of female pheromone showed that 175 out of 176 maize females belonged to the z type with one hybrid. in contrast, mugwort and hop females belong ... | 2004 | 15112728 |
| compositional equivalency of cry1f corn event tc6275 and conventional corn (zea mays l.). | maize (zea mays l.) plants have been transformed to express a cry1f insecticidal crystal protein originally isolated from bacillus thuringiensis berliner. this protein controls lepidopteran pests of maize, including the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner). as part of the safety assessment for crops containing transgenes, a compositional analysis of the food and feed is conducted. this analysis is designed to detect unintended changes in the nutrient and antinutrient content of the r ... | 2004 | 15113183 |
| bt176 corn in poultry nutrition: physiological characteristics and fate of recombinant plant dna in chickens. | a genetically modified bt176 corn hybrid, which contains an insecticidal protein against the european corn borer, and its conventional, nonmodified counterpart were evaluated in 4 separate trials to verify substantial equivalence in feeding value and animal performance. thirty-six individually kept laying hens and 3 replicates of 94 broiler chickens each, assigned to 12 cages, were fed 2 different hen and broiler diets containing either 60% conventional or 60% bt176 corn. the nutrient compositio ... | 2005 | 15782906 |
| comparison on dna patterns of different ecotypes of european corn borer (ostrinia nubilalis hübner) in hungary. | for a molecular genetic study on hungarian populations of european corn borer l5 stage larvae were collected from 14 places of three different regions of the country (uni- and bivoltine ecotypes). additionally, the study included larvae from egypt, too (multivoltine ecotype). molecular examinations of european corn borer larvae using the study of mitochondrial cytochrome b (cyt b) revealed that by single strand conformation polimorphism (sscp) the populations found in hungary represented the sam ... | 2005 | 15813216 |
| fatty acid and sex pheromone changes and the role of glandular lipids in the z-strain of the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner). | lipids in the sex pheromone gland of females of the z-strain of ostrinia nubilalis were analyzed for fatty acyl pheromone analogs (fapas) and other potential biosynthetic intermediates. more than 80% of the fapas were found in the triacylglycerols (tgs), with smaller amounts found in the phosphatidyl cholines, ethanolamines, and serines. analysis of the tgs by lipase revealed that the two fapas were distributed fairly evenly among all three stereospecific positions. comparison of changes in tite ... | 2004 | 15146542 |
| evaluation of the european union maize landrace core collection for resistance to sesamia nonagrioides (lepidoptera: noctuidae) and ostrinia nubilalis (lepidoptera: crambidae). | two corn borer species are the principal maize insect pests in europe, the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner), and the pink stem borer, sesamia nonagrioides (lefebvre). hence, it would be advisable to evaluate the european maize germplasm for corn borer resistance to generate european varieties resistant to corn borer attack. the creation of the european union maize landrace core collection (eumlcc) allowed the screening of most of the variability for european corn borer resistance ... | 2004 | 15154492 |
| genetic mapping of sexual isolation between e and z pheromone strains of the european corn borer (ostrinia nubilalis). | the e and z pheromone strains of the european corn borer (ecb) provide an exceptional model system for examining the genetic basis of sexual isolation. differences at two major genes account for variation in female pheromone production and male behavioral response, components of the pheromone communication system known to be important for mate recognition and mate choice. strains of ecb are morphologically indistinguishable, and surveys of allozyme and dna sequence variation have revealed signif ... | 2004 | 15166156 |
| comparison of broiler performance when fed diets containing corn grain with insect-protected (corn rootworm and european corn borer) and herbicide-tolerant (glyphosate) traits, control corn, or commercial reference corn. | a 42-d feeding experiment with growing ross x ross 508 broilers showed that the nutritional value of insect-protected and herbicide-tolerant corn was comparable to that of the genetically similar control and 5 commercial reference corn hybrids. mon 88017 provides protection from feeding damage by coleopteran pest corn rootworm and is tolerant to the action of glyphosate, the active ingredient in the roundup family of agricultural herbicides. mon 88017 x mon 810 was developed by the traditional b ... | 2005 | 15844815 |
| female european corn borer (lepidoptera: crambidae) ovarian developmental stages: their association with oviposition and use in a classification system. | reproductive development of female european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner), was investigated and a classification system proposed. females collected in a blacklight trap during 1982 and 1983 were dissected and their reproductive system examined. female reproductive systems were divided into six stages based on ovum development within the ovarioles, ovum depletion, ovariole appearance, and fat body color and shape. the female reproductive systems were also staged on the basis of spermato ... | 2004 | 15279261 |
| phenotypic versus marker-assisted selection for stalk strength and second-generation european corn borer resistance in maize. | maize ( zea mays l.) stalk lodging is breakage of the stalk at or below the ear, which may result in loss of the ear at harvest. stalk lodging is often intensified by the stalk tunneling action of the second-generation of the european corn borer (2-ecb) [ostrinia nubilalis (hübner)]. rind penetrometer resistance (rpr) has been used to measure stalk strength and improve stalk lodging resistance, and quantitative trait loci (qtl) have been identified for both rpr and 2-ecb damage. phenotypic recur ... | 2003 | 12928781 |
| nutrition of the european corn borer, pyrausta nubilalis (hbn). iii. an unidentified dietary factor required for larval growth. | 1. the european corn borer larva has been shown to require a dietary source of one or more unidentified factors contained in corn leaves, grass juice concentrate, and certain other plant materials. the required factor or factors has been termed the corn leaf factor. 2. the corn leaf factor does not appear to be identical with any of the known b vitamins, or with ascorbic acid, sodium nucleate, citrovorum factor, or carnitine. 3. the corn leaf factor is heat-stable, acid-stable, water-soluble, an ... | 1953 | 13022929 |
| transgenic corn for control of the european corn borer and corn rootworms: a survey of midwestern farmers' practices and perceptions. | in 2001, a self-administered questionnaire was sent to 1000 corn, zea mays l., farmers in each of five states (illinois, indiana, iowa, minnesota, and nebraska) to evaluate their perceptions of transgenic corn designed to control the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner), and corn rootworms, diabrotica spp. respondents returned 1,313 surveys (26.2%). farmers with small acreages planted a greater portion of their corn (54.5%) with transgenic corn for control of european corn borer than ... | 2005 | 15889709 |
| growth, development, and survival of nosema pyrausta-infected european corn borers (lepidoptera: crambidae) reared on meridic diet and cry1ab. | transgenic corn, zea mays l., hybrids expressing crystal protein endotoxin genes from bacillus thuringiensis berliner are an increasingly popular tactic for managing the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner), in north america. o. nubilalis populations also are often vulnerable to the ubiquitous entomopathogenic microsporidium nosema pyrausta (paillot). we examined the effect of feeding meridic diet incorporated with purified cry1ab on growth, development, and survival of nosema-infect ... | 2004 | 15384327 |
| potential of trichogramma ostriniae (hymenoptera: trichogrammatidae) for biological control of european corn borer (lepidoptera: crambidae) in solanaceous crops. | we assessed the ability of trichogramma ostriniae (peng & chen) to locate and parasitize ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) eggs in crops other than corn, and we evaluated the efficacy of inundative releases of the parasitoid in two solanaceous crops, pepper and potato. despite a greater plant surface area to search, parasitism of o. nubilalis eggs was consistently higher in sweet corn than dicotyledonous crops such as pepper, snap bean, broccoli, potato, and melon, in choice and no-choice experiments. ... | 2004 | 15384329 |
| characterization of cdnas encoding three trypsin-like proteinases and mrna quantitative analysis in bt-resistant and -susceptible strains of ostrinia nubilalis. | our previous studies suggested that bacillus thuringiensis (bt) resistance in a dipel-resistant strain of ostrinia nubilalis was primarily due to reduced trypsin-like proteinase activity. in this study, we demonstrated a 254-fold resistance to cry1ab protoxin but only 12-fold to trypsin-activated cry1ab toxin in the dipel-resistant strain. significantly higher resistance to cry1ab protoxin than to trypsin-activated cry1ab toxin further supports the hypothesis that reduced trypsin-like proteinase ... | 2005 | 15944081 |
| efficacy of piper (piperaceae) extracts for control of common home and garden insect pests. | extracts from three species of the plant family piperaceae, piper nigrum [l.], piper guineense [schum & thonn, and piper tuberculatum [jacq.], were tested for efficacy against insects from five orders. all three species contain isobutyl amides, plant secondary compounds that act as neurotoxins in insects. these materials are considered safe to mammals because piper spp. were used for centuries for spice and medicinal purposes. when 24-h p. nigrum lc50 values were compared between common insect p ... | 2004 | 15384353 |
| resistance of early maturing sweet corn varieties to damage caused by sesamia nonagrioides (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | in mediterranean countries, the principal pest of maize, zea mays l., is sesamia nonagrioides lefebvre. the objective of this work was to study the resistance of the four early maturing varieties of sweet corn, baby orchard, orchard baby, dorinny sweet, and golden early market, and to check the relationship among resistance to s. nonagrioides and infestation dates. in a previous study, these varieties had showed a confusing behavior, being the most resistant varieties to s. nonagrioides attack i ... | 2004 | 15384357 |
| managing the evolution of bacillus thuringiensis resistance in natural populations of the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis: host plant, host race and pherotype of adult males at aggregation sites. | the european corn borer (ecb) consists of at least two, genetically differentiated host races: one feeding on maize, the other feeding on mugwort and hop. it is unclear to what extent individuals feeding on these, or other host plants, contribute to natural ecb populations. the mechanisms underlying the genetic differentiation between both races are not well understood; they may include sexual attraction via different pheromone blends (e or z) and differences in the location of mating sites. we ... | 2004 | 15475339 |
| genetic isolation between two sympatric host plant races of the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis hubner. ii: assortative mating and host-plant preferences for oviposition. | the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis hubner, colonized maize (zea mays l.) after its introduction into europe about 500 years ago and is now considered one of the main pests of this crop. in northern france, two sympatric host races have been described: one feeding on maize and the other on mugwort (artemisia vulgaris l.) and hop (humulus lupulus l.). in a previous study, we showed that mating between the two races may be impeded by differences in the timing of moth emergence and in the c ... | 2005 | 15562285 |
| effect of environment on resistance to the european corn borer (lepidoptera: crambidae) in maize. | the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) (lepidoptera: crambidae), is a major pest of maize, zea mays l., in many temperate parts of the world. genotype-by-environment interaction effects can make relative performance unpredictable and may hamper selection for resistance to european corn borer. the objective of this study was to determine the effect of environment on genotypic reaction to european corn borer resistance in maize. a set of 12 maize inbred lines was chosen to represent ... | 2004 | 15568368 |
| consequences of reproductive barriers for genealogical discordance in the european corn borer. | speciation involves the origin of trait differences that limit or prevent gene exchange and ultimately results in daughter populations that form monophyletic or exclusive genetic groups. however, for recently diverged populations or species between which reproductive isolation is often incomplete, gene genealogies will be discordant, and most regions of the genome will display nonexclusive genealogical patterns. in these situations, genome regions for which one or both species are exclusive grou ... | 2005 | 16204000 |
| activity of gut proteinases from cry1ab-selected colonies of the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (lepidoptera: crambidae). | susceptibility to the cry1ab protoxin and toxin from bacillus thuringiensis (berliner) and activity of gut proteinases were assessed in both susceptible and cry1ab-selected colonies of european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hubner). resistance in two different selected colonies was at least 6- and 15-fold for the cry1ab protoxin and 108- and 484-fold for the cry1ab toxin. activities of trypsin-like, chymotrypsin-like and elastase-like proteinases were variable among the colonies tested and not ... | 2004 | 15578599 |
| identification, cloning and expression of a cry1ab cadherin receptor from european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hubner) (lepidoptera: crambidae). | transgenic corn expressing the cry1ab toxin from bacillus thuringiensis is highly toxic to european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis, larvae. a putative cry1ab receptor (onbt-r(1)) molecule was cloned and sequenced from a cdna library prepared from midgut tissue of o. nubilalis larvae. the 5.6 kb gene is homologous with a number of cadherin genes identified as cry1 binding proteins in other lepidopterans. brush border membrane vesicles were prepared using dissected midguts from late instars. a 220 ... | 2005 | 15607653 |
| ostrinia nubilalis parasitism and the field abundance of non-target insects in transgenic bacillus thuringiensis corn (zea mays). | in this study, we evaluated in field trials the effects on non-target species, of transgenic corn producing the cry1ab toxin of bacillus thuringiensis (bt). in 1998, we collected ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) larvae from transgenic bt corn (novartis hybrid 176) and non-bt corn at four geographical sites. we found a significant variation in parasitism by the tachinids lydella thompsoni (herting) and pseudoperichaeta nigrolineata (walker) among sites, and more parasitism in non-bt than in bt fields. ... | 2002 | 15612256 |
| selection of relevant non-target herbivores for monitoring the environmental effects of bt maize pollen. | genes of bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (berliner) that encode lepidopteran-specific toxins were engineered into maize for protection against the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hbn.). recent data suggest that lepidoptera may be negatively affected, if maize pollen contains high amounts of bt toxin and is diposited on host plants near maize fields. monitoring the environmental effects of commercial bt maize fields requires effective use of limited financial and logistical resource ... | 2003 | 15612277 |
| the influence of post-exposure temperature on the toxicity of insecticides to ostrinia nubilalis (lepidoptera: crambidae). | the influence of post-treatment temperature on the toxicities of two pyrethroids (lambda-cyhalothrin and bifenthrin), a carbamate (methomyl) and a spinosyn (spinosad) to ostrinia nubilalis (hubner) larvae was evaluated in laboratory assays. from 24 to 35 degrees c, the toxicities of the pyrethroids decreased 9.5- and 13.6-fold while spinosad toxicity decreased 3.8-fold. the toxicity of methomyl did not change significantly. the results demonstrate that the most effective insecticide against a pe ... | 2005 | 15633207 |
| sequence variation in the cadherin gene of ostrinia nubilalis: a tool for field monitoring. | toxin-binding proteins of insect midgut epithelial cells are associated with insect resistance to bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cry toxins. a 5378 nt cdna encoding a 1717 amino acid putative midgut cadherin-like glycoprotein and candidate cry1ab toxin-binding protein was characterized from ostrinia nubilalis. intraspecific alignment of partial o. nubilalis cadherin gene sequences identified variance within proposed cry1a toxin binding region 2 (tbr2), 1328iplqtsilvvt[i/v] n1340, and flanking cry1a ... | 2005 | 15681223 |
| antagonism of pheromone response of ostrinia nubilalis males and implications on behavior in the laboratory and in the field. | the antagonistic effect on the pheromone response and catabolism of male european corn borers, ostrinia nubilalis, by several trifluoromethyl ketones is reported. (z)-11-tetradecenyl trifluoromethyl ketone (z11-14:tfmk), the most closely related analogue of the main component of the pheromone, elicits a remarkable disruptive effect on close approach and source contact of males flying to a source baited with mixtures of the pheromone and the antagonist in 5:1 and 10:1 ratios. in this experiment, ... | 2005 | 15713034 |
| verification of a european corn borer (lepidoptera: crambidae) loss equation in the major corn production region of the northeastern united states. | field studies in pennsylvania and maryland were conducted during 2000, 2001, and 2002 to test the applicability of published yield loss relationships developed in central pennsylvania for european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner), management in warmer, longer season corn, zea mays l., grain production regions of the northeastern united states. both isoline hybrids and non-bt lead hybrids were compared against bacillus thuringiensis (bt) hybrids to measure effects of the pest on yield. the ... | 2005 | 15765671 |
| assortative mating in sympatric host races of the european corn borer. | although a growing body of work supports the plausibility of sympatric speciation in animals, the practical difficulties of directly quantifying reproductive isolation between diverging taxa remain an obstacle to analyzing this process. we used a combination of genetic and biogeochemical markers to produce a direct field estimate of assortative mating in phytophagous insect populations. we show that individuals of the same insect species, the european corn borer ostrinia nubilalis, that develop ... | 2005 | 15821092 |
| silent genes and rare males: a fresh look at pheromone blend response specificity in the european corn borer moth, ostrinia nubilalis. | the response of male moths from two pheromone races of the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis, was measured in a flight tunnel assay to different ratios of structurally different compounds that comprise the sex pheromone of the asian corn borer, ostrinia furnacalis. for both o. nubilalis races, between 1 and 5% of the males completed upwind flights to two different blends of the o. furnacalis pheromone components (the 2:1 z/e12-14:oac female-produced blend, and a 97:3 z/e mix), confirming t ... | 2003 | 15841231 |
| comparison of broiler performance when fed diets containing corn grain with insect-protected (corn rootworm and european corn borer) and herbicide-tolerant (glyphosate) traits, control corn, or commercial reference corn--revisited. | a 42-d feeding experiment with growing ross x ross 508 broilers showed that the nutritional value of insect-protected and herbicide-tolerant corn was comparable to that of the genetically similar control and 5 commercial reference corn hybrids. mon 88017 provides protection from feeding damage by coleopteran pest corn rootworm and is tolerant to the action of glyphosate, the active ingredient in the roundup family of agricultural herbicides. mon 88017 x mon 810 was developed by the traditional b ... | 2005 | 16479946 |
| two sex-chromosome-linked microsatellite loci show geographic variance among north american ostrinia nubilalis. | pcr-based o. nubilalis population and pedigree analysis indicated female specificity of a (gaaaat)n microsatellite, and male specificity of a caycarcgtcactaa repeat unit marker. these loci were respectively named ostrinia nubilalis w-chromosome 1 (onw1) and o. nubilalis z-chromosome 1 (onz1). intact repeats of three, four, or five gaaaat units are present among onw1 alleles, and biallelic variation exists at the onz1 locus. screening of 493 male at onz1 and 448 heterogametic females at onz1 and ... | 2003 | 15841245 |
| sex pheromone biosynthesis in ostrinia zaguliaevi, a congener of the european corn borer moth o. nubilalis. | in order to clarify the biochemical basis to the divergence of sex pheromones in the genus ostrinia (lepidoptera: crambidae), the pheromone biosynthetic pathway in o. zaguliaevi, a close relative of the european corn borer o. nubilalis, was investigated. deuterium-labeled hexadecanoic or tetradecanoic acids were topically applied to the surface of the pheromone gland, and the incorporation of the label into pheromone components and their putative precursors was determined. it was suggested that ... | 2005 | 15857767 |
| comparative analysis of proteinase activities of bacillus thuringiensis-resistant and -susceptible ostrinia nubilalis (lepidoptera: crambidae). | proteinase activities were compared in soluble and membrane fractions of guts obtained from larvae of bacillus thuringiensis-resistant and -susceptible ostrinia nubilalis. overall, serine proteinases from soluble fractions of the susceptible strain were more active than those of the resistant strain. the soluble trypsin-like proteinase activity of the resistant strain was approximately half that of the susceptible strain. the number and relative molecular masses of soluble and membrane serine pr ... | 2004 | 15262280 |
| binomial sequential sampling plans for late instars of european corn borer (lepidoptera: crambidae), corn earworm (lepidoptera: noctuidae), and damaged kernels in sweet corn ears. | late-season infestations of european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner), and corn earworm, helicoverpa zea (boddie), were sampled to develop binomial sequential sampling plans for larval infestations and damaged kernels in sweet corn, zea mays l., ears, near harvest. fields were sampled to obtain a range of larval densities likely to be encountered over a range of infestation levels and field conditions. binomial sampling plans were developed for o. nubilalis larvae, h. zea larvae, o. nubil ... | 2004 | 15279284 |
| binding analyses of cry1ab and cry1ac with membrane vesicles from bacillus thuringiensis-resistant and -susceptible ostrinia nubilalis. | the binding properties of bacillus thuringiensis toxins to brush border membrane vesicles of dipel-resistant and -susceptible ostrinia nubilalis larvae were compared using ligand-toxin immunoblot analysis, surface plasmon resonance (spr), and radiolabeled toxin binding assays. in ligand-toxin immunoblot analysis, the number of cry1ab or cry1ac toxin binding proteins and the relative toxin binding intensity were similar in vesicles from resistant and susceptible larvae. surface plasmon resonance ... | 2004 | 15351700 |
| regulating insect resistance management: the case of non-bt corn refuges in the us. | in this paper, we analyze the insect resistance management (irm) plan put in place by the us environmental protection agency (epa) to delay the evolution of resistance to bt corn in natural populations of the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis hübner. this irm plan is the most impressive mandatory irm system ever developed. it forms a coherent whole and includes mandatory refuges, actions to increase growers' compliance and a program for monitoring the evolution of resistance. however, our ... | 2005 | 15922504 |
| partial mitochondrial genome sequences of ostrinia nubilalis and ostrinia furnicalis. | contiguous 14,535 and 14,536 nt near complete mitochondrial genome sequences respectively were obtained for ostrinia nubilalis and ostrinia furnicalis. mitochondrial gene order was identical to that observed from bombyx. sequences comparatively showed 186 substitutions (1.3% sequence divergence), 170 cds substitutions (131 at 3(rd) codon positions), and an excess of transition mutation likely resulting by purifying selection (d(n)/d(s) = omega congruent with 0.15). overall substitution rates wer ... | 2005 | 15951845 |
| effects of selection for the timing of vegetative phase transition on corn borer (lepidoptera: noctuidae and crambidae) damage. | in maize, zea mays l., the timing of vegetative phase transition from juvenile to adult vegetative phases can be modified through selection. a reduction in the juvenile vegetative phase has been associated with resistance to diseases and pests. the major maize pest in temperate areas is ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) and in europe sesamia nonagrioides lefebvre. the objective of our study was to determine the effects of divergent selection for the timing of vegetative phase transition in maize on re ... | 2005 | 16022330 |
| evaluation of detection methods for genetically modified traits in genotypes resistant to european corn borer and herbicides. | detection of genetically modified (gm) traits in corn (zea mays l.) is urgently needed for preservation of genetic identity and marketing gm products. a laboratory study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency, accuracy, and reliability of different analytical methods to detect gm traits in corn. samples with known fractions of gm concentrations (bacillus thuringiensis [bt], liberty link [ll] and stacked [bt/ll] genes) from commercial seed companies and those derived from yellow kernels in a wh ... | 2005 | 16047885 |
| detection, identification and geographical distribution of european corn borer larval parasitoids using molecular markers. | biological control requires specific tools for the accurate detection and identification of natural enemies, and to detect unusual variations in their density, which may follow changes in agricultural practices. here we have developed specific molecular markers to detect lydella thompsoni (herting) and pseudoperichaeta nigrolineata (walker) (diptera: tachinidae) within the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) (lepidoptera: crambidae). primers amplifying fragments of the mitochondrial ... | 2005 | 16101790 |
| susceptibility of dipel-resistant and -susceptible ostrinia nubilalis (lepidoptera: crambidae) to individual bacillus thuringiensis protoxins. | dipel-resistant and -susceptible strains of ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) were evaluated for larval mortality and growth inhibition when fed diets containing individual bacillus thuringiensis protoxins. resistance ratios for four of the protoxins in dipel (cry1aa, cry1ab, cry1ac, and cry2aa) were 170-, 205-, 524-, and > 640-fold, respectively, considerably higher than the 47-fold resistance to dipel. the dipel-resistant strain was 36-fold resistant to cry1ba, a protoxin not present in dipel. anoth ... | 2005 | 16156588 |
| novel vip3-related protein from bacillus thuringiensis. | a novel vip3-related gene was identified in bacillus thuringiensis. this novel gene is 2,406 bp long and codes for a 91-kda protein (801 amino acids). this novel protein exhibits between 61 and 62% similarity with vip3a proteins and is designated vip3ba1. vip3ba1 has several specific features. differences between vip3ba1 and the vip3a proteins are spread throughout the sequence but are more frequent in the c-terminal part from amino acid 456 onward. the regions containing the two proteolytic pro ... | 2005 | 16204549 |
| physiological host specificity: a model using the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) (lepidoptera: crambidae) and microsporidia of row crop and other stalk-boring hosts. | we investigated vertical and horizontal transmission as means by which entomopathogenic microsporidia may be isolated in their hosts. ostrinia nubilalis larvae were challenged with microsporidia isolated from other stalk-boring and row crop lepidoptera and were susceptible to seven species. two species were horizontally transmitted. a nosema sp. from eoreuma loftini was transmitted among o. nubilalis larvae but not among larvae of the e. loftini host. this species was also vertically transmitted ... | 2005 | 16214162 |
| degradation of the s. frugiperda peritrophic matrix by an inducible maize cysteine protease. | a unique 33-kda cysteine protease (mir1-cp) rapidly accumulates at the feeding site in the whorls of maize (zea mays l.) lines that are resistant to herbivory by spodoptera frugiperda and other lepidopteran species. when larvae were reared on resistant plants, larval growth was reduced due to impaired nutrient utilization. scanning electron microscopy (sem) indicated that the peritrophic matrix (pm) was damaged when larvae fed on resistant plants or transgenic maize callus expressing mir1-cp. to ... | 2006 | 16243350 |
| two differentially expressed ommochrome-binding protein-like genes (obp1 and obp2) in larval fat body of the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis. | ommochrome-binding proteins function in coloration and detoxification pathways by transporting tryptophan metabolites, and increase in hemolymph concentration prior to diapause. two ommochrome-binding protein genes from the european corn borer ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) (onobp1 and onobp2; genbank accession nos. ay819651 to ay819655 and ay862870) were isolated. relatedness to obp-encoding genes was suggested by peptide similarity, phylogenetic reconstruction, and expression data. 21 single nucl ... | 2005 | 16341251 |
| toxicity of bacillus thuringiensis spo cr mutants for the european corn borer ostrinia nubilalis. | inclusion bodies isolated from spo cr mutants of bacillus thuringiensis were toxic for larvae of the european corn borer. probit analysis revealed comparable toxicity between wild-type crystals (isolated from b. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki) and crystals produced from two spore-free mutants of the same subspecies. death of the larvae was due to starvation, presumably through delta-endotoxin-induced gut paralysis. inclusion bodies pretreated with alpha-chymotrypsinogen were equally as toxic as n ... | 1981 | 16345839 |
| biotinylation of bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal proteins. | biotinylation of bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal proteins (icps) was evaluated for its potential use in an alternative icp screening method and in the characterization of icp receptors. in vivo biological activity of cryia(b), as inferred from bioassays with manduca sexta and ostrinia nubilalis and from histopathological effects on o. nubilalis midgut cells induced by force feeding, was not affected by biotinylation at moderate biotinylation ratios. a competitive radioreceptor assay ... | 1993 | 16348959 |
| two different bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin receptors in the midgut brush border membrane of the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) (lepidoptera: pyralidae). | binding of three bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal proteins (icps) to the midgut epithelium of ostrinia nubilalis larvae was characterized by performing binding experiments with both isolated brush border membrane vesicles and gut tissue sections. our results demonstrate that two independent icp receptors are present in the brush border of o. nubilalis gut epithelium. from competition binding experiments performed with i-labeled and native icps it was concluded that cryia(b) and cryia( ... | 1993 | 16348960 |
| integrative cloning, expression, and stability of the cryia(c) gene from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki in a recombinant strain of clavibacter xyli subsp. cynodontis. | a bacterial endophyte was engineered for insecticidal activity against the european corn borer. the cryia(c) gene from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki was introduced into the chromosome of clavibacter xyli subsp. cynodontis by using an integrative plasmid vector. the integration vectors pcg740 and pcg741 included the replicon pgem5zf(+), which is maintained in escherichia coli but not in c. xyli subsp. cynodontis; tetm as a marker for selection in c. xyli subsp. cynodontis; and a chromoso ... | 1994 | 16349179 |
| fate of the cry1ab protein from bt-maize mon810 silage in biogas production facilities. | biogas plants fuelled with renewable sources of energy are a sustainable means for power generation. in areas with high infestation levels with the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hbn.), it is likely that transgenic bt-maize will be fed into agricultural biogas plants. the fate of the entomotoxic protein cry1ab from mon810 maize was therefore investigated in silage and biogas production-related materials in the utilization chains of two farm-scale biogas plants. the cry1ab content in si ... | 2006 | 16448198 |
| sequence variation in trypsin- and chymotrypsin-like cdnas from the midgut of ostrinia nubilalis: methods for allelic differentiation of candidate bacillus thuringiensis resistance genes. | midgut expressed alkaline serine proteases of lepidoptera function in conversion of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) protoxin to active toxin, and reduced level of transcript t23 is associated with ostrinia nubilalis resistance to dipel bt formulations. three groups of trypsin- (ont25, ont23, and ont3) and two chymotrypsin-like (onc1 and onc2) cdnas were isolated from o. nubilalis midgut tissue. intraspecific groupings are based on cdna similarity and peptide phylogeny. derived serine proteases showe ... | 2006 | 16469064 |
| a hybrid bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin gives resistance against a coleopteran and a lepidopteran pest in transgenic potato. | expression of bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxins has proven to be a successful strategy for obtaining insect resistance in transgenic plants. drawbacks of expression of a single resistance gene are the limited target spectrum and the potential for rapid adaptation of the pest. hybrid toxins with a wider target spectrum in combination with existing toxins may be used as tool to mitigate these problems. in this study, desiree potato plants were genetically modified to resist attack by insect ... | 2003 | 17147680 |
| habitat modification contributes to associational resistance between herbivores. | associational resistance, in which one species gains protection from its consumers by association with a competitor, is common among plants but has seldom been documented among insects. here we show that parasitism of an aboveground herbivore, european corn borer, by its specialist parasitoid macrocentrus grandii, is reduced 98% in the presence of a belowground herbivore, corn rootworm. we tested the hypothesis that this positive indirect interaction between corn rootworm and corn borer was medi ... | 2006 | 16496178 |
| comparative susceptibility of european corn borer, southwestern corn borer, and sugarcane borer (lepidoptera: crambidae) to cry1ab protein in a commercial bacillus thuringiensis corn hybrid. | one field strain each of the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner); southwestern corn borer, diatraea grandiosella dyar; and sugarcane borer, diatraea saccharalis (f.); were collected from cornfields in northeastern louisiana. susceptibilities of the field strain and a corresponding laboratory strain of the three borer species to cry1ab protein in dk69-70 bacillus thuringiensis (bt) corn hybrid were determined by exposing neonates to intact leaf tissues from whorl stage plants or by f ... | 2006 | 16573340 |
| geographic and voltinism differentiation among north american ostrinia nubilalis (european corn borer) mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase haplotypes. | dna sequence of european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hubner) (lepidoptera: crambidae), mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase i (cox1) and ii (cox2) genes were characterized and used for population genetic analysis. twenty-six point mutations were identified from a 2,156 bp dna sequence alignment. the frequency of polymorphic cox1ddei and haeiii, and cox2 sau3ai and mspi restriction sites were determined from 1,414 individuals by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism ... | 2004 | 15861250 |